Overview of Public Transportation MTA Operations (NYCT Dept. of , MTA Bus Company) Energy use of Public Transit (Subways) & Subway Stations Terms Explained Transportation in NYC GHG- Greenhouse gas Metro-North Railroad (t)CO2e- (tons) Carbon dioxide equivalent Subways, buses, and railroads- 2.73 billion trips each year CNG- flex-fuel- gasoline-ethanol blend fuel Public transit makes up ~3% of GHG emissions in NYC- 1.4 million out of 47.9 million (t)CO2e and ~16% overall transportation emissions in NYC. Energy Use Buses Subway Subway Stations LIRR Metro-North Diesel buses run on Subway and trains used Gas and oil plants Electro-diesel 750V And some trains are only electric ultra-low sulfur fuel- ~6% of NYC’s electricity in generate most power Electric powered or only diesel 90% less sulfur than 2013. Carbon intensity of Hydroelectric and M3 and cars 2000-2007 increased tCO2e traditional fuel and the city’s electricity supply nuclear make up the rest. Older diesel cars emissions 270,500 → 335,064 reduces emissions. decreased, but population 4-stroke electric and transit use has controlled engines increased = increasing replaced 2-stroke emissions. diesel. ~80% of MTA GHG emissions come from generating electricity (subways and trains) and burning fuel- CNG and ultra-low sulfur diesel (buses and diesel trains) Ridership in the city increased 36% to 2.2 billion annual riders from 1995 to 2005. Average ~20% of emissions come from operations concerning weekday subway ridership was 5.076 million in September 2006, while combined subway and maintenance facilities and offices bus ridership on an average weekday that month was 7.61 million.

Energy Saving Measures This%chart%describes%the%en.re%% New Millennium Trains bus%fleet%and%also%shows%the%kinds% Reconstructing Grand Central heating Dual locomotion Upgrades at White Plains of%different%vehicles%that%use%energy% buses with diesel regenerative braking and cooling upgrades. diesel and Train Yard other%than%tradi.onal%fuel.%% particulate filters. cap top speeds to save Photovoltaic systems electric engines Replacement of air Reduce emissions energy (240 mil.-kilowatt hrs Green escalators handling systems from engines by as annually). Aluminum rail is a New Building much as 95%. better conductor than steel. management system Energy Star equipment incandescent → fluorescent/LED Planned Energy Saving Measures Replacing old 1960s Continue installing BYD (company)’s Investing in newer, cars, mostly on the C green escalators and battery more efficient M9 cars -in progress- line, with New retrofitting. Utilize Utilize onsite wind Millennium trains. renewable energy power near stations

Better climate control sources- fuel cells. in addition to regen. Purchase tidal power Professor Rodberg’s Seminar ITF: Caroline Erb-Medina braking, and overall for Roosevelt Island F Allison Thorsen, Ariana Outar, Rebecca Lee, Sheena energy efficiency. line station. Pierre Campus: Queens College