DOCSLIB.ORG

Method to Achieve Print-Bake Fixation for Inkjet Printing of Dyes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Method to Achieve Print-Bake Fixation for Inkjet Printing of Dyes Method to achieve print-bake fixation for inkjet printing of dyes A dissertation submitted to The University of Manchester for the Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Engineering Physical Sciences 2015 Renwei Tian School of Materials University of Manchester Contents List of figures ................................................................................................................. 3 List of tables ................................................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 6 DECLARATION ........................................................................................................... 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................. 8 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ........................................................................................ 9 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 11 1.1 Literature review ................................................................................................ 12 1.1.1 Cotton .......................................................................................................... 12 1.1.2 Historical background of reactive dye ......................................................... 24 1.2 Research purposes .............................................................................................. 48 2. Research Methodology ............................................................................................ 50 2.1 Convert commercial dye (MX-2G Blue) to phosphonic acid containing dye .... 50 2.1.1 Synthesis of Dye 1 ....................................................................................... 50 2.1.2 Synthesis of Dye 2 ....................................................................................... 57 2.1.3 Synthesis of Dye 3 ....................................................................................... 60 2.2 Application of modified dye to cotton ............................................................... 61 2.2.1 Pad-batch method ........................................................................................ 61 2.2.2 Inkjet printing via modified dye .................................................................. 66 2.3 Inkjet printing via Desktop inkjet printer ........................................................... 71 2.3.1 Pre-treatment of cotton fabrics .................................................................... 73 2.3.2 Desktop inkjet printing process ................................................................... 74 3 Evaluate modified dye performance ......................................................................... 76 3.1 Colour strength measurement for inkjet printed sample fabrics via spectrophotometer .................................................................................................... 76 3.1.1 Measure samples.......................................................................................... 77 3.2 Tensile Test ........................................................................................................ 78 1 3.2.1 Tensile Procedure ........................................................................................ 80 3.3 Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry ............................................................... 81 3.3.1 Sample measurement ................................................................................... 82 3.3.2 Standard solution make up .......................................................................... 84 3.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy .......................................................... 85 3.4.1 FT-IR measuring procedure......................................................................... 86 3.5 Thin layer chromatography ................................................................................ 87 3.5.1 Producing the chromatogram ....................................................................... 89 3.5.2 Rf Values ..................................................................................................... 92 4 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................. 94 4.1 Dye analysis ....................................................................................................... 94 4.1.1 Thin layer chromatography ......................................................................... 94 4.1.2 FT-IR ........................................................................................................... 97 4.2 Application of synthesised phosphonic acid containing dye to cotton .............. 98 4.2.1 Effect of Catalyst type and Concentration on dye fixation via Pad-bake method .................................................................................................................. 98 4.2.2 Effect of Catalyst type and Concentration on dye fixation via Inkjet printing ............................................................................................................................ 108 4.2.3 Effect of printing method on colour strength ............................................ 112 4.3 Effect of pretreatment and baking process on tensile strength ......................... 118 5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 122 5.1 Recommendations for future research.............................................................. 125 5.2 Future of Inkjet printing ................................................................................... 126 6. Reference ............................................................................................................... 127 7. Appendix…………………………………………………………………………137 2 List of figures Figure.1.1 Cotton boll after opening (https://oecotextiles.wordpress.com/tag/cotton-boll/) ................................... 13 Figure 1.2 Cross-sectional view of a cotton fibre (Textile Fibers, © 2013 Cotton Incorporated). ................................................................................................ 14 Figure 1.3 Longitudinal convolutions of a cotton fibre (Plant Fibres for Textile and Technical Applications, 2013) ................................................................ 15 Figure 1.4 Cross-sectional view of a bundle of cotton fibres (Plant Fibres for Textile and Technical Applications, 2013) .................................................... 16 Figure 1.5 D-configuration glucose unit (Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 2013) ............................................................................ 18 Figure 1.6 β-(1-4) glycosidic bond (Identification of a chemical indicator of the rupture of 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds of cellulose in an oil-impregnated insulating paper system. 2007) ..................................................................... 18 Figure 1.7 cellulose molecules chain (http://staff.concord.org/~btinker/workbench_web/unitIV_revised/cellulose/ cellulose6.html) ............................................................................................. 19 Figure 1.8 The structure and the inter- and intra-chain hydrogen bonding pattern in cellulose. ................................................................................................... 20 Figure 1.9 Positions in the cellulose structure for chemical reactions. (Recent developments in spectroscopic and chemical characterization of cellulose . 21 Figure 1.10 Configurations of the crystalline and amorphous regions in cellulose microfibril. (Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, .............................. 21 Figure 1.11 Unit cells for cellulose structures Iα (a). (Parallel-up structure ......... 22 Figure 1.12 Unit cells for cellulose structures Iβ (b). ((Parallel-up structure ....... 23 Figure 1.13 Relative configuration of Ia with respect to Iβunit cell (Macromolecules, 1991) ............................................................................... 23 Figure 1.14 The components of a Reactive dye. (The dyeing of textile fibres, 1992) ............................................................................................................. 25 3 Figure 1.15 Procion Indigo Navy MX-2G (http://www.worlddyevariety.com/reactive-dyes/reactive-blue-109.html) ... 26 Figure 1.16 Nucleophilic substitution for reactive dye (The dyeing of textile fibres, 1992) .................................................................................................. 27 Figure 1.17 2-Bowl padder mangle (http://www.indiantextilejournal.com) ......... 31 Figure 1.18 Textile Printing by Conventional Manual Methods .......................... 33 Figure 1.19 Textile Printing by Inkjet printing Methods ...................................... 34 Figure 1.20 Formation of droplet (Textile digital printing technology, 2005) ...... 36 Figure 1.21 Formation of droplet (www.huntsman.com) ..................................... 37 Figure 1.22 Unfixed dye test (The Surface Designer's Handbook，2006) .......... 39 Figure 1.23 Reactive dyeing effluents emission (http://news.cnhubei.com/xw/gn/201302/t2464886.shtml) .......................... 41 Figure 1.24 Treatment of the effluents (http://www.thermaxindia.com) .............. 42 Figure 1.25 Phosphonic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Library
    Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Library Library Listing – 10,505 spectra This library is the original FT-IR spectral collection from Aldrich. It includes a wide variety of pure chemical compounds found in the Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals. The Aldrich Collection of FT-IR Spectra Edition I library contains spectra of 10,505 pure compounds and is a subset of the Aldrich Collection of FT-IR Spectra Edition II library. All spectra were acquired by Sigma-Aldrich Co. and were processed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. Eight smaller Aldrich Material Specific Sub-Libraries are also available. Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 3515 ((1R)-(ENDO,ANTI))-(+)-3- 928 (+)-LIMONENE OXIDE, 97%, BROMOCAMPHOR-8- SULFONIC MIXTURE OF CIS AND TRANS ACID, AMMONIUM SALT 209 (+)-LONGIFOLENE, 98+% 1708 ((1R)-ENDO)-(+)-3- 2283 (+)-MURAMIC ACID HYDRATE, BROMOCAMPHOR, 98% 98% 3516 ((1S)-(ENDO,ANTI))-(-)-3- 2966 (+)-N,N'- BROMOCAMPHOR-8- SULFONIC DIALLYLTARTARDIAMIDE, 99+% ACID, AMMONIUM SALT 2976 (+)-N-ACETYLMURAMIC ACID, 644 ((1S)-ENDO)-(-)-BORNEOL, 99% 97% 9587 (+)-11ALPHA-HYDROXY-17ALPHA- 965 (+)-NOE-LACTOL DIMER, 99+% METHYLTESTOSTERONE 5127 (+)-P-BROMOTETRAMISOLE 9590 (+)-11ALPHA- OXALATE, 99% HYDROXYPROGESTERONE, 95% 661 (+)-P-MENTH-1-EN-9-OL, 97%, 9588 (+)-17-METHYLTESTOSTERONE, MIXTURE OF ISOMERS 99% 730 (+)-PERSEITOL 8681 (+)-2'-DEOXYURIDINE, 99+% 7913 (+)-PILOCARPINE 7591 (+)-2,3-O-ISOPROPYLIDENE-2,3- HYDROCHLORIDE, 99% DIHYDROXY- 1,4- 5844 (+)-RUTIN HYDRATE, 95% BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)BUT 9571 (+)-STIGMASTANOL
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of the Patterns Formed by Primary Textile Structures and Their Photographic Abstraction
    Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses 9-22-1976 A comparison of the patterns formed by primary textile structures and their photographic abstraction Pamela Perlman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Perlman, Pamela, "A comparison of the patterns formed by primary textile structures and their photographic abstraction" (1976). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thesis Proposal for the Master of Fine Arts De gree Collee;e of Fine and Applj_ed .Arts Rochester Institute of Technology Title: A Comparison of the Fatterns Formed by Primary Textile structures and their Phot ographic Abstraction Submitted by: Pamela Anne Perlman Date: September 22, 1976 Thesis Co mm it te~: Nr . Donald Du jnowski I-Ir. I,l az Lenderman hr. Ed 1iiller Depart~ental Approval : Date :-:--g---li6~-r-71-b-r-/ ----- ---------~~~~~'~~~r------------------------- Chairman of the School for American Craftsme:l: ___-r-----,,~---- ____ Da t e : ---.:...,'?7~JtJ--J7~i,-=-~ ___ _ Chairr.ian of the Gr3.duate Prog:rarn: ------------------------~/~~/~. --- Date: ___________________~ /~~,~~;j~~, (~/_' ~i~/~: 7 / Final Committee Decision: Date: ----------------------- Thesis Proposal for the Master of Fine Arts Degree College of Fine and Applied Arts Rochester Institute of Technology Title: A Comparison of the Patterns Frmed by Primary Textile Structures and their Photographic Abstraction My concern in textiles is with structure and materials. I v/ould like to do v/all hangings based on primary textile structures such as knotting, looping, pile, balanced weaves, and tapestry.
    [Show full text]
  • Colour and Textile Chemistry—A Lucky Career Choice
    COLOUR AND TEXTILE CHEMISTRY—A LUCKY CAREER CHOICE By David M. Lewis, The University of Leeds, AATCC 2008 Olney Award Winner Introduction In presenting this Olney lecture, I am conscious that it should cover not only scientific detail, but also illustrate, from a personal perspective, the excitement and opportunities offered through a scientific career in the fields of colour and textile chemistry. The author began this career in 1959 by enrolling at Leeds University, Department of Colour Chemistry and Dyeing; the BSc course was followed by research, leading to a PhD in 1966. The subject of the thesis was "the reaction of ω-chloroacetyl-amino dyes with wool"; this study was responsible for instilling a great enthusiasm for reactive dye chemistry, wool dyeing mechanisms, and wool protein chemistry. It was a natural progression to work as a wool research scientist at the International Wool Secretariat (IWS) and at the Australian Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) on such projects as wool coloration at room temperature, polymers for wool shrink-proofing, transfer printing of wool, dyeing wool with disperse dyes, and moth-proofing. Moving into academia in 1987 led to wider horizons bringing many new research challenges. Some examples include dyeing cellulosic fibres with specially synthesised reactive dyes or reactive systems with the objective of achieving much higher dye-fibre covalent bonding efficiencies than those produced using currently available systems; neutral dyeing of cellulosic fibres with reactive dyes; new formaldehyde-free crosslinking agents to produce easy-care cotton fabrics; application of leuco vat dyes to polyester and nylon substrates; cosmetic chemistry, especially in terms of hair dyeing and bleaching; security printing; 3-D printing from ink-jet systems; and durable flame proofing cotton with formaldehyde-free systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Instructional Manual for Teaching Crafts in National Certficate in Education Home Economics Programme in North – West, Nigeria
    DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL FOR TEACHING CRAFTS IN NATIONAL CERTFICATE IN EDUCATION HOME ECONOMICS PROGRAMME IN NORTH – WEST, NIGERIA BY SHEHU RUKAYYA ALIYU DEPARTMENT OF HOME ECONOMICS FACULTY OF EDUCATION AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA DECEMBER, 2017 DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL FOR TEACHING CRAFTS IN NATIONAL CERTFICATE IN EDUCATION HOME ECONOMICS PROGRAMME IN NORTH – WEST, NIGERIA BY RUKAYYA ALIYU SHEHU M.ED HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION (P13EDVE8026) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF EDUCATION (M.ED) DEGREE IN HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION FACULTY OF EDUCATION AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA DECEMBER, 2017 ii DECLARATION I declare that the work in this thesis entitled: Development of Instructional Manual for Teaching Crafts in N.C.E Home Economics Programme In North – West Nigeria, has been carried out by me in the department of Home Economics. The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. No part of this thesis was previously presented for another degree or diploma at this or any other institution. Rukayya Shehu Aliyu __________________ ______________ Name of student Signature Date iii CERTIFICATION This thesis entitledDEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL FOR TEACHING CRAFTS IN N.C.E HOME ECONOMICS PROGRAMME IN NORTH – WEST NIGERIA, by RUKAYYA ALIYU SHEHU meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Masters in Home Economics Education of the Ahmadu Bello University, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf Colak, F., Atar, N., and Olgun, A
    REVIEW ARTICLE bioresources.com CELLULOSIC SUBSTRATES FOR REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS FROM AQUEOUS SYSTEMS: A REVIEW. 2. DYES Martin A. Hubbe,a,* Keith R. Beck,b W. Gilbert O’Neal,c and Yogesh Ch. Sharma d Dyes used in the coloration of textiles, paper, and other products are highly visible, sometimes toxic, and sometimes resistant to biological breakdown; thus it is important to minimize their release into aqueous environments. This review article considers how biosorption of dyes onto cellulose-related materials has the potential to address such concerns. Numerous publications have described how a variety of biomass-derived substrates can be used to absorb different classes of dyestuff from dilute aqueous solutions. Progress also has been achieved in understanding the thermodynamics, kinetics, and chemical factors that control the uptake of dyes. Important questions remain to be more fully investigated, such as those involving the full life-cycle of cellulosic substrates that are used for the collection of dyes. Also, more work needs to be done in order to establish whether biosorption should be implemented as a separate unit operation, or whether it ought to be integrated with other water treatment technologies, including the enzymatic breakdown of chromophores. Keywords: Cellulose; Biomass; Biosorption; Remediation; Pollutants; Adsorption; Textile dyes; Basic dyes; Direct dyes; Reactive dyes; Wastewater treatment Contact information: a: Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005;
    [Show full text]
  • Dyes and Pigments: New Research
    DYES AND PIGMENTS: NEW RESEARCH No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. DYES AND PIGMENTS: NEW RESEARCH ARNOLD R. LANG EDITOR Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York Copyright © 2009 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. For permission to use material from this book please contact us: Telephone 631-231-7269; Fax 631-231-8175 Web Site: http://www.novapublishers.com NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book. The Publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Advances in Biopolymer-Based Dye Removal Technologies
    molecules Review Recent Advances in Biopolymer-Based Dye Removal Technologies Rohan S. Dassanayake 1 , Sanjit Acharya 2 and Noureddine Abidi 2,* 1 Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 2 Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Synthetic dyes have become an integral part of many industries such as textiles, tannin and even food and pharmaceuticals. Industrial dye effluents from various dye utilizing industries are considered harmful to the environment and human health due to their intense color, toxicity and carcinogenic nature. To mitigate environmental and public health related issues, different techniques of dye remediation have been widely investigated. However, efficient and cost-effective methods of dye removal have not been fully established yet. This paper highlights and presents a review of recent literature on the utilization of the most widely available biopolymers, specifically, cellulose, chitin and chitosan-based products for dye removal. The focus has been limited to the three most widely explored technologies: adsorption, advanced oxidation processes and membrane filtration. Due to their high efficiency in dye removal coupled with environmental benignity, scalability, low cost and non-toxicity, biopolymer-based dye removal technologies have the potential to become sustainable alternatives for the remediation of industrial dye effluents as well as contaminated water bodies. Citation: Dassanayake, R.S.; Acharya, S.; Abidi, N. Recent Keywords: dye removal; biopolymers; adsorption; advanced oxidation processes; membrane filtra- Advances in Biopolymer-Based Dye tion; cellulose; chitin; chitosan Removal Technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Procion MX Instructions Procion Remember That These Techniques Discussed Here Are Only Suggestions and a Quick Reference
    Procion® MX Instructions Read through all instructions before beginning your project. Tie Dyeing Immersion Dyeing Silkscreen Printing & Hand-Painting Batik Dyeing Reed, Rattan & Wood with Procion MX Dyes Hints & Tips for Dyeing with Procion MX Dyes Tie-Dye There are 11 standardized colors (see hints and tips for list) in the Procion MX line. All other colors, no matter the manufacturer, are mixed formulas of two or more of these standardized colors. We offer a broad range of colors for your convenience, but the ultimate dyer only needs to stock the standardized colors. Soda Ash Pre-Soak Method Be sure to prewash fabric to remove any dirt, grease or sizing. We suggest using Synthrapol®. 1. Wear gloves. Thoroughly dissolve 1 cup soda ash per gallon of water. Soak fabric in the soda ash solution for at least 20 min- utes. Then, wring out by hand. 2. Fold and tie fabric. Visit Jacquard’s website for pattern ideas. 3. In 1 cup of tap water, mix 2 or more teaspoons of dye. Apply the dye to the fabric using a squirt bottle, paint brush or sponge. Turn the piece over and repeat the pattern on the opposite side. Apply as many colors as you like; however, oversaturation may cause all your colors to run together. 4. Cover fabric with plastic wrap and let stand for 12 to 24 hours in a warm place. 5. For rinsing: While wearing gloves, rinse the dyed fabric first with cool water, then with increasingly warmer water. After 3 or 4 rinses, when the water is nearly clear, prepare a soap soak.
    [Show full text]
  • Improvement of Colour Fastness for Deep Blue Shade of Cotton Fabric Lina Lin , Md. Ziaur Rahman , Shu Wen , Rahul Navik , Ping Z
    4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology (ICMMCT 2016) Improvement of Colour Fastness for Deep Blue Shade of Cotton Fabric Lina Lin1, a, Md. Ziaur Rahman2, b, Shu Wen2, c, Rahul Navik 2, d, Ping Zhang3, e*, Yingjie Cai1, 2 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China 2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China 3 Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing & Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China aemail: [email protected], bemail: [email protected], cemail: [email protected], demail: [email protected], femail: [email protected] *Corresponding author, eE-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Cotton; Deep Shade; Reactive Dye; Wash Fastness; Rubbing Fastness Abstract. Cotton fabric was dyed by exhaust method with C.I. Reactive Blue 19 with various dye concentrations, followed by the treatments of soaping, dye fixing, and wet rubbing improving. The dye exhaustion, wash fastness, rubbing fastness, and colour difference of dyed cotton fabric were examined. The consequences demonstrate that the entire utilized textile auxiliaries did not cause a yellowness problem. After application of the dye fixative and wet rubbing improver, to the deep blue shade cotton (15% dye o.m.f), the wash fastnesses were all at grade 5, and at grade 5 and 4 of dry and wet of rubbing fastness respectively. The wet rubbing improver contributed to deep blue shade and promoted half grade in wet rubbing for all dye o.m.f. Introduction Reactive dyes are usually applied for dyeing of cellulosic fibers because of their low cost, easy to apply, excellent wet colour fastness, and bright colour [1-5].
    [Show full text]
  • Contents Page Number
    CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER * PLACING YOUR ORDER 4 * LITERATURE AND INFORMATION SHEETS 5 & 6 * AUXILIARY PRODUCTS (PREPARATION, DYEING,PRINTING) 7 * PROCION MX DYES 8 & 9 * KEMTEX REACTIVE CD DYES (COLD DYEING) 10 * PROCION P AND SP DYES (PRINTING) 11 * INDIGO (WITH VAT RECIPE AND METHOD) 12 * DIRECT DYES 13 * DISPERSE DYES (TRANSFER PRINTING AND DYEING) 14 * KENANTHROL ACID DYES 15 * DISCHARGEABLE ACID DYES FOR SILK AND WOOL 16 * ILLUMINATING ACID DYES FOR SILK AND WOOL 17 * KEMTEX ACID DYES 18 * KEMTEX EASIDYE ACID DYES 19 * KEMTEX EASIDYE PLUS ACID DYES 20 * KENAMIDE ACID DYES FOR NYLON/DYACID DYES 21 * KEMTEX DISCHARGE AND DEVORÉ KITS 22 * KEMTEX INTRODUCTORY DYE KITS 23 * EQUIPMENT & BOTTLES 24 Page 3 PLACING YOUR ORDER ORDERS CAN BE PLACED BY: TELEPHONE: 01706 831 808 FAX: 01706 212265 EMAIL: [email protected] VIA OUR WEBSITE: www.kemtex.co.uk For further information please contact Stuart Smethurst, Paul Sadgrove or Michael Appleton. Unit 4 Bentwood Road, Carrs Industrial Estate, Haslingden, Rossendale, Lancashire. BB4 5HH. Kemtex Educational Supplies is a trading division of Regency FCB (UK) Ltd ALL OUR PRICES ARE EXCLUSIVE OF POSTAGE & PACKING AND VAT (CURRENTLY 20.0%) PLEASE SEE TABLE BELOW TO CALCULATE YOUR P&P CHARGES TOTAL WEIGHT P & P CHARGE 1ST CLASS 2ND CLASS UP TO 650 gms £3.50 £3.00 650 – 1500 gms £6.50 £4.50 TNT COURIER PRICES 1500 – 5Kg £8.00 5Kg - 10Kg £10.00 10Kg - 25Kg £15.00 FOR EACH 1Kg ABOVE THIS PLEASE ADD £0.35 Page 4 LITERATURE & INFORMATION SHEETS The following information sheets are available in double-sided
    [Show full text]
  • Ed Pretty After Zoom Demo to Montgomery County Woodturners 7/9/20
    “Handouts” provided by Ed Pretty after Zoom Demo to Montgomery County Woodturners 7/9/20 Colouring Wood presented by Ed Pretty Colouring wood: • creates a unique piece • match décor • highlights figured grain • creates contrast within a piece • create illusions within a piece • a vehicle for your personal expression Methods of colouring 1. Stain – blocks light – topical only 2. Dye – penetrates – doesn’t block light – penetrates – highlights figure 3. Chemical reaction – topical – very topical 4. Liming – highlights grain shape and direction 5. Bleaching – lightens wood – somewhat topical 6. Faux finish – less colouring than it is altering Stain OK to use but I’m not a fan. Colours but subdues grain and figure significantly. Large pigment particles don’t allow penetration and block light. Dye • Dye accentuates figure by penetrating at different rates (grain direction within the figure) • Dissolves completely so penetrates further and doesn’t block light • Anilines are organic petroleum oxides § Notorious for poor light fastness § Probably are no longer made. Manufacturers use the name because that’s what people recognize (i.e. Kleenex). You have no idea what dye base is being used when you use anilines. • Dichlortriazine dyes (Procion MX) § most colour fast § compatible with cellulose fibers like cotton, linen, bamboo and rayon (actually derived from plant fiber), silk and … wood. § no fixing required as when used with fabric (not being washed) • Metal Oxide dyes (Procion, Trans Tint) § Are compatible with synthetic fibers and wool §
    [Show full text]
  • PROCION MX Technical Info. Chart PROCION MX COLOR INFO a Cold Water Fiber Reactive Dye
    PROCION MX Technical Info. Chart PROCION MX COLOR INFO A cold water fiber reactive dye. Use it for immersion dyeing, tie dye, batik, airbrush, garment dyeing, screen printing, spatter painting, gradation dyeing and more. Procion MX fiber reactive dye will dye all cellulose (plant) fibers and some protein (animal) fibers. Common cellulose fibers are cotton, linen, jute, ramie, sisal, and rayon. There are 12 standardized colors (in bold below) in the Procion MX line. All other colors, no matter the manufacturer, are mixed formulas of two or more of these standardized colors. We offer these colors for your convenience, but the ultimate dyer needs only to stock the standardized colors. Item # Color Name Trade C.I. # Solubility Wash Light Dis- Name gm/l @ Fastness Fastness charg- ability 120F/50C 1-5 1-7 PMX 004 Lemon Yellow MX-8G Yellow 86 120 g/l 5 5 to 7 Good PMX 010 Bright Golden MX-3RA -- Yellow PMX 011 Antique Gold -- PMX 016 Rust Orange MX-GRN -- PMX 020 Brilliant Or- MX-2R -- ange PMX 028 Bright Scarlet MX-BA -- 130 g/l 5 3 to 5 Minor PMX 030 Fire Engine Red MX-BRA -- PMX 032 Carmine Red MX-BA -- PMX 034 Magenta MX-5B Red 5 40 g/l 5 3 to 5 Moder- ate PMX 035 Hot Pink Red 5 40 g/l 5 3 to 5 Moderate PMX 040 Fuchsia MX-8B Red 11 70 g/l 5 3 to 6 Minor PMX 042 Raspberry -- PMX 050 Deep Purple -- PMX 058 Marine Violet -- PMX 068 Turquoise MX-G Turquoise 115 g/l 4 to 5 4 to 6 Minor 140 PMX 069 Aquamarine -- PMX 070 Cerulean MX-G Blue 163 120 g/l 5 5 to 7 Moder- ate PMX 071 Teal -- PMX 072 Medium Blue MX-R Blue 4 55 g/l 5 6 to 7 Minor PMX 076 Cobalt Blue MX2G-150 -- PMX 078 Navy MX-4RD -- PMX 079 Midnight Blue -- Jacquard Products | Rupert, Gibbon & Spider, Inc.
    [Show full text]