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Forage Seed Research and Development in Ethiopia ______ Forageየኢትዮጵያ የግብርና Seed ምርምር Research ኢንስቲትዩት and Development Ethio pian Institute of Agricultural Research in Ethiopia _________________________________________________________________ Edited by Getnet Assefa, Mesfin Dejene, Jean Hanson, Getachew Anemut , Solomon Mengistu & Alemayehu Mengistu የኢትዮጵያ የግብርና ምርምር ኢንስቲትዩት Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Forage Seed Research and Development in Ethiopia _______________________________________________________________________________ © 2012 Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Website: http//www.eiar.gov.et Tel: +251-11-6462633 Fax: +251-11-6461294 P.O. Box: 2003 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ISBN: 978-99944-53-84-9 Copyediting – Abebe Kirub This publication is made possible by the financial support of the Association of Agricultural Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (ASARECA) and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Table of Contents Preface ................................................................................................................... V Opening Speech Solomon Assefa ........................................................................................................ 1 Keynote Address Alemayehu Mengistu ................................................................................................ 3 Retrospect and Prospects of Forage and Pasture Crops Research in Ethiopia Getnet Assefa ........................................................................................................... 7 The Evolution of Forage Seed Production in Ethiopia Alemayehu Mengistu and Getnet Assefa ............................................................... 15 Forage Genetic Resources of Ethiopia Solomon Mengistu and Jean Hanson ................................................................... 33 Forage Genetic Resources Conservation in Ethiopia Tesfaye Awas and Delessa Angassa ........................................................................ 39 Promoting Forages for Livestock Feed through Germplasm and Knowledge Alexandra Jorge, Jean Hanson, Abate Tedla and Asebe Abdena ............................ 45 Forage Seed Production and Supply Systems in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia Mesfin Dejene, Getnet Assefa, Gezahegn Kebede and Karta Kaske ....................... 59 Strengthening Forage Seed Supply through Farmer-Based Seed Production Muluneh Minta, Getnet Assefa, Fekede Feyissa, Gezehagn Kebede and Tadesse Tekletsadik .................................................................................................. 71 Experiences in Formal Forage Seed Production and Distribution Yonas Sahlu .............................................................................................................. 81 i Forage Seed Supply in Ethiopia: Some Thoughts on Status and How it Might Evolve Alan J. Duncan, Jean Hanson, David J. Spielman, Ranjitha Puskur ...................... 89 Seed Research and Development of Perennial Forage Crops in the Central Highlands Getnet Assefa and Gezagne Kebede ......................................................................... 95 Achievements and Directions of Forage Seed Research and Production in the Highlands of Arsi Karta Kaske .............................................................................................................. 111 Forage Seed Research and Development in Irrigated Areas Kidanie Dessalegn ................................................................................................... 123 Seed Production Potentials of Annual Forage Crops in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia Gezahagn Kebede, Getnet Assefa, Tadesse T/tsadik, Muluneh Minta and Fekede Feyissa .................................................................................................. 1 35 The Status of Forage Research in the Dry Land Areas of Tigray Mehari Kebede......................................................................................................... 149 Status of Forage Seed Research in Amhara Region Yihalem Denekew, Aschalew Tsegahun, Mesfin Dejene and Belay Deribe ........... 153 Forage Seed Research and Production in Oromia Agricultural Research Institute Dawit Abate .............................................................................................................. 161 Forage Seed Research and Development in Somali Regional State Muhyadin Mohammed ............................................................................................ 171 On-Station and Community-based Forage Seed Production in the Southern Region of Ethiopia Deribe Gemiyu, Mergia Abera and Asrat Tera ....................................................... 177 ii Forage Seed Production Status in Eastern Ethiopia Belaynesh Debalke and Takele Wolkaro ................................................................. 187 Promotion of Forage seed Production through Farmer-based Management around Hawassa Mergia Abera, Adugna Tolera and Asrat Tera ........................................................ 191 An Overview of Forage Seed Quality in Ethiopia Getnet Assefa and Gezahegn Kebede ....................................................................... 197 Potentials and Constraints of Forage Seed Production and Dissemination through Extension in Southern Region Gizachew Ameha and Mergia Abera ....................................................................... 211 Forage Seed production and Supply in Tigray Habtemichael Mezgebe ............................................................................................ 219 Forage Seed Production and Dissemination through Extension in Oromia Region Demeke Mezmur ....................................................................................................... 235 Forage Seed Production and Supply of Eden Field Agri-Seed Enterprise Getahun Haile, Abate Tedla and Bayu Telahun ..................................................... 239 Forage Seed Production and Distribution Approaches of ACDI/VOCA Assefa Amaldegn ...................................................................................................... 245 Farmers Forage Seed Production in Arsi Zone Hizikias Ketema, Emmanuelle GuerneBleich, Hassen Ali, Fikre Mulugeta and Ameha Sebsibe ............................................................................................... 249 General Discussion and the Way Forward ................................................. 257 List of Participants ............................................................................................ 263 iii Preface Human population, cropping systems, and drought are constraining livestock feed supply and eventually productivity in Ethiopia. Though feed is available to a certain extent, in majority of cases, it is not in a position to satisfy quality for a higher productivity of our livestock sector. Available concentrate feeds and agro-industrial by-products are still at a very low level of supply to feed the existing livestock population. Besides availability, it is also true that, prices attached to livestock feeds are still on the higher side; hence, accessibility of feeds for most smallholder farmers is a question of the day. Therefore, sustaining improved forage production through environmentally feasible means is essential to be able to boost livestock productivity in the country at both small-scale and commercial levels. At present, where livestock production are the realities of livelihood essentials, farmers are demanding a lot from research and development sectors to provide them with improved forage seeds, which are suitable for their farming systems. It is crystal clear that the demand is so huge. The question is where are we now in handling the demand? First of all, we should be able to develop our capacity in terms of producing improved forage seeds of all types. Secondly, our intention to scale-up new forage technologies should have a structured position. Thirdly, the forage seed supply system should be established by involving essential actors in the sector. The rationale to hold a conference on forage seed research and development is aimed at isolating issues that are pertinent; and figuring out options to better serve livestock producers. This promise has been dealt in the conference by way of reviewing, presenting, and discussing experiences of forage seed production and development by the different stakeholders in the country. The other aspect of the conference was to promote seed and planting materials, which form our bases for scaling up forage technologies; ultimately contribute to achieve the targeted goals of livestock production in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research thanks with gratitude all those involved in the conference. I strongly believe that the contents of this publication yield the necessary information for readers to take up for various purposes. Solomon Assefa (Director General, EIAR) v Opening Speech Solomon Assefa Director General, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research It is indeed a pleasure to join you and make an opening remark this morning on the First National Workshop on Forage Seeds. First, allow me to express my earnest appreciation for all of you for accepting our invitation to attend this workshop. This year the season was special as we move into implementation of the five-year growth and transformation plan of Ethiopia. As you all know agriculture will continue to be an engine of rapid and sustainable economic growth and social transformation for the years to come. Among other economic sectors,
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