DOCSLIB.ORG

Advanced Battery Technology for Electric Two-Wheelers in the People's Republic of China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Advanced Battery Technology for Electric Two-Wheelers in the People's Republic of China ANL/ESD/09-4 Advanced Battery Technology for Electric Two-Wheelers in the People’s Republic of China Energy Systems Division About Argonne National Laboratory Argonne is a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Laboratory’s main facility is outside Chicago, at 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439. For information about Argonne and its pioneering science and technology programs, see www.anl.gov. Availability of This Report This report is available, at no cost, at http://www.osti.gov/bridge. It is also available on paper to the U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, for a processing fee, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone (865) 576-8401 fax (865) 576-5728 [email protected] Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor UChicago Argonne, LLC, nor any of their employees or officers, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of document authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, Argonne National Laboratory, or UChicago Argonne, LLC. ANL/ESD/09-4 Advanced Battery Technology for Electric Two-Wheelers in the People’s Republic of China by Pandit G. Patil Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory sponsored by Hybrid and Electric Systems, Vehicle Technologies Program, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, DOE June 2009 CONTENTS NOTATION.............................................................................................................................. ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................ xiii SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................. 1 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Purpose of and Background on Report.................................................................. 9 1.2 Energy Situation in China...................................................................................... 11 1.3 Description and Benefits of Electric Two-Wheelers ............................................. 13 1.4 Electric Two-Wheeler Issues................................................................................. 14 1.5 Gasoline Scooters and Motorcycles....................................................................... 16 1.6 Electric Two-Wheelers around the World............................................................. 17 1.7 China’s Changing Transportation.......................................................................... 18 1.8 Background on Electric Two-Wheelers in China.................................................. 19 1.8.1 Types of Electric Bikes............................................................................. 20 1.8.2 Advantages of Electric Bikes.................................................................... 21 1.9 Electric Two-Wheelers in China ........................................................................... 22 1.9.1 Chinese National Support for Electric Bikes ............................................ 23 1.9.2 Shanghai and Electric Bikes ..................................................................... 24 1.10 Gasoline Two-Wheelers in China.......................................................................... 28 1.10.1 Number in Use .......................................................................................... 28 1.10.2 Emissions from Mobil Sources................................................................. 28 1.11 Energy Consumption in China............................................................................... 29 1.12 Electric Two-Wheeler Market and Production in China ....................................... 30 1.13 International Electric Bike Activities .................................................................... 31 1.14 Electric Bike Programs in Various Countries........................................................ 33 1.14.1 United States............................................................................................. 33 1.14.2 Japan ......................................................................................................... 34 1.14.3 European Union........................................................................................ 36 1.14.4 Germany.................................................................................................... 37 1.14.5 Switzerland ............................................................................................... 37 1.14.6 India .......................................................................................................... 39 1.14.6.1 Bajaj Auto................................................................................. 40 1.14.6.2 Leo Bikes .................................................................................. 42 1.14.6.3 Accura Bikes Pvt., Ltd. ............................................................. 42 1.14.6.4 Birionic Pvt., Ltd....................................................................... 43 1.14.6.5 Callidai Motor Works Pvt., Ltd................................................. 43 1.14.6.6 Radha Energy Cell .................................................................... 43 1.14.6.7 Rashron Energy and Auto, Ltd.................................................. 44 1.14.6.8 Rotary Electronics Pvt., Ltd...................................................... 44 iii CONTENTS (Cont.) 1.14.7 Taiwan....................................................................................................... 44 1.14.7.1 Industrial Technology Research Institute.................................. 47 1.14.7.2 KOC Industry Corp................................................................... 47 1.14.7.3 Shihlin Electric and Engineering Corporation .......................... 48 2 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELERS.......................................................................................................... 49 2.1 Battery Manufacturers and Performance............................................................... 49 2.2 Electric Two-Wheeler Performance Requirements ............................................... 50 2.3 Safety ..................................................................................................................... 50 2.4 Battery Industry for Two-Wheelers....................................................................... 51 2.5 International Competition...................................................................................... 52 2.6 Policy Perspective.................................................................................................. 53 2.7 Trends in Lithium-Ion Battery Development ........................................................ 54 2.7.1 Separator Development............................................................................. 54 2.7.2 Progress of Li-Ion Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles .................. 55 2.8 Li-Ion Battery Industry and Raw Materials........................................................... 55 2.9 Battery Standards................................................................................................... 58 2.9.1 Status of Chinese Li-Ion Battery Standards.............................................. 59 2.9.2 Status of International Li-Ion Battery Standards ...................................... 59 2.10 Market Analysis of Raw Materials for Li-Ion Batteries........................................ 60 2.10.1 Market for Cathode Materials................................................................... 60 2.10.2 Market for Anode Materials...................................................................... 61 2.10.3 Market for Separators ............................................................................... 61 2.10.4 Market for Electrolytes ............................................................................. 62 2.10.4.1 High-Purity Solvent.................................................................. 63 2.10.4.2 LiPF6 Electrolytes ..................................................................... 63 2.10.4.3 Additives ................................................................................... 63 2.10.4.4 Electrolytes................................................................................ 64 2.11 Electric Vehicle and Electric Bicycle Market ....................................................... 64 2.12 Supply of Raw Materials ....................................................................................... 66 3 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY TECHNOLOGY FOR TWO-WHEELERS
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Motorcycle, Moped and Motor Scooter Policy
    Motorcycle, Moped and Motor Scooter Policy Definition Mopeds and scooters are one and the same in the eyes of North Carolina's Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Mopeds and motor scooters are defined as a vehicle with two or three wheels with a motor of no more than 50 cubic centimeters of piston displacement and no external shifting device. Legally, a moped's top speed cannot exceed 30 mph on a level surface. Although some mopeds on the market have top speeds higher than the 30 mph limit, they are illegal for use in North Carolina. If a moped does not fit the above requirements, it must be registered as a motorcycle under North Carolina law. Parking Permit A parking permit is required for all motorized motorcycles, mopeds and motor scooters parking on the Wake Forest University Campus. o The cost of an annual on-campus parking permit is $50. o The cost of a permit is waived if a customer has already purchased an annual vehicle permit at regular price. Motorcycles, moped and motor scooters are required to be registered at the Parking and Transportation office, not on-line. Parking Designated moped and motor scooter parking areas are located in parking lots A, M and P. o Mopeds and motor scooters can also park in motorcycle spaces. Motorcycles can only park in designated motorcycle spaces, not moped / motor scooter spaces. Motorcycle spaces are located in lots G, H, J, L, P, Q, S, T, W-1, Z, and Jasper Memory Lane. Parking is authorized only in spaces marked by signs or ground markings.
    [Show full text]
  • Primary Energy Use and Environmental Effects of Electric Vehicles
    Article Primary Energy Use and Environmental Effects of Electric Vehicles Efstathios E. Michaelides Department of Engineering, TCU, Fort Worth, TX 76132, USA; [email protected] Abstract: The global market of electric vehicles has become one of the prime growth industries of the 21st century fueled by marketing efforts, which frequently assert that electric vehicles are “very efficient” and “produce no pollution.” This article uses thermodynamic analysis to determine the primary energy needs for the propulsion of electric vehicles and applies the energy/exergy trade-offs between hydrocarbons and electricity propulsion of road vehicles. The well-to-wheels efficiency of electric vehicles is comparable to that of vehicles with internal combustion engines. Heat transfer to or from the cabin of the vehicle is calculated to determine the additional energy for heating and air-conditioning needs, which must be supplied by the battery, and the reduction of the range of the vehicle. The article also determines the advantages of using fleets of electric vehicles to offset the problems of the “duck curve” that are caused by the higher utilization of wind and solar energy sources. The effects of the substitution of internal combustion road vehicles with electric vehicles on carbon dioxide emission avoidance are also examined for several national electricity grids. It is determined that grids, which use a high fraction of coal as their primary energy source, will actually increase the carbon dioxide emissions; while grids that use a high fraction of renewables and nuclear energy will significantly decrease their carbon dioxide emissions. Globally, the carbon dioxide emissions will decrease by approximately 16% with the introduction of electric vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • Kawasaki W Series – W175 W250 W800"
    IR-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study Motorcycle is one of the vehicles rapidly developed, which users are getting higher. The motorcycle’s history was beginning in the late 19th century. This kind of vehicle is the next step of the “safety bicycle” which is the bicycle that have the same size wheel. The first invented motorcycle is a very simple concept. At that time, the engineers have an idea to combine a motorized machine to the bicycle frame. After the century changed to the 20th century, the innovation in motorcycle manufacturing began to spring, start from the frame, engines, shape of the body and added the fuel tank and gearboxes to the engines. However, at that time, the shape of the motorcycle still similar to the bicycle complete with the pedal itself. After 1920 or during the World War 1, the shape of motorcycle started to evolve, no longer with a bicycle-like shape and innovation in the engine continues with the large engine capacity or the number of cylinders. With the increasing number of years, many motorcycle brands have begun to emerge starting from Europe (German, British, and Italy) and America then continued to Japan and innovations on the development of motorbikes continued until now (Hunt, et al. 2015). The sales number of motorcycles is absolutely fluctuating. Nevertheless, the trend of this vehicle is also increasing time by time. The motorcycle more famous after the first motorcycle race was held and all the racer that join in the championship was a man.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Fabrication of Self Charging Electric Vehicle M.Sathya Prakash International Journal of Power Control Signal and Computation(IJPCSC) Vol 8
    Design And Fabrication Of Self Charging Electric Vehicle M.Sathya Prakash International Journal of Power Control Signal and Computation(IJPCSC) Vol 8. No.1 – Jan-March 2016 Pp. 51-55 ©gopalax Journals, Singapore available at : www.ijcns.com ISSN: 0976-268X DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SELF CHARGING ELECTRIC VEHICLE M.Sathya Prakash Department of Thermal Engineering Pannai College of Engineering & Technology Sivagangai, India Abstract—Now days the automobile industry batteries, relays, battery chargers and provided to become more competitive the vehicles can get the you. Components including chassis, energy from petrol or diesel engine for its transmissions, wheels and brakes are presented. drive .the recent years e-bike became more Information will be basics for design of the attractive and less maintenance cost. But only drawback of e-bike is requires frequent charging conversion .electrical hazards of batteries, and form EB supply. In this paper is based charging high ampere and high voltage wiring will be arrangement on the e-bike. The motor is use the presented. These e-bikes are differing from type electric energy from battery and battery can of battery used and these e -bikes are designed receive electric energy from dynamo .this energy based on the power of the motor and weight is stored in battery. Market available e-bike motor power rating. E-bikes use 3-4 no’ s of 12V batteries are designed to spent 6-8 hours/charge battery for different power of motors. These by using EB supply. This e-bikes running cost is very low, when compare to other sources of batteries are connected in series, so voltage built energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Vehicle Type Codes
    VEHICLE TYPE CODES Specialized Vehicles Passenger Vehicles 41 - Ambulance 01 - Passenger Car, Station 42 - Dune Buggy Wagon, Jeep 43 - Fire Truck 02 - Motorcycle 44 - Fork Lift 03 - Motor Driven 45 - Hwy. Construction Equip. Cycle/Scooter 46 - Implement of Husbandry 04 - Bicycle 47 - Motor Home 05 - Motorized Bicycle 48 - Police Car 06 - All Terrain Vehicle 49 - Police Motorcycle 07 - Sport Utility Vehicle 50 - Mobile Equipment 08 - Mini-vans 51 - Farm Labor Vehicle (Certified) 55 - Two-Axle Tow Truck Buses 56 - Three-Axle Tow Truck 09 - Paratransit 57 - Farm Labor Vehicle 10 - Tour Bus (Non-Certified) 11 - Other Commercial 58 - Farm Labor Transporter 12 - Non-Commercial Bus 59 - Motor Home > 40 Feet 13 - School Bus Public Type I 14 - School Bus Public Type II Trailers 15 - School Bus Private Type I 28 - Semi Tank Trailer 16 - School Bus Private Type II 29 - Pull Tank Trailer 17 - School Bus Contractual Type I 30 - Two Tank Trailer 18 - School Bus Contractual Type II 31 - Semi 19 - General Public Paratransit 32 - Pull Vehicle 33 - Two Trailers (Includes Semi 20 - Public Transit Authority & Pull) 63 - Youth Bus 34 - Boat 64 - School Pupil Activity Bus Type I 35 - Utility 65 - School Pupil Activity Bus Type II 36 - Trailer Coach 37 - Extralegal Permit Load Trucks/Truck Tractors 38 - Pole, Pipe, or Logging Dolly 21 - Two Axle Tank Truck 39 - Three Trailers 22 - Pickups & Panels 40 - Federally Legal Semi 23 - Pickup w/Camper 52 - Federally Legal Double 24 - Three Axle Tank Truck Combo Over 75 Feet 25 - Truck Tractor 53 - Fifth Wheel Travel Trailer 26 - Two Axle Truck 54 - Container Chassis 27 - Three or More Axle Truck ANNEX C 3-C-1 HPM 110.5 Miscellaneous Hazardous Material 60 - Pedestrian 71 - Passenger Car, Station 61 - Second or Additional Wagon, Jeep Enforcement Action(s) 72 - Pickups and Panels 62 - Passengers 73 - Pickup and Camper 94 - Go-ped, ZIP Electric 75 - Truck Tractor scooter, Motoboard 76 - Two-Axle Truck 95 - Misc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sustainable Electric Motorsport of the 21St Century
    EC8.19 October 4, 2019 To: Chair and Members of the Economic and Community Development Committee: Re: Exploring the potential opportunity of Toronto becoming a host city of Formula E: the sustainable electric motorsport of the 21st century Dear colleagues, I am writing to request that we explore the potential to bring FormulaE to the City of Toronto. Formula E was conceived in 2011 by FIA (International Automobile Federation) President and former Scuderia Ferrari General Manager Jean Todt and Spanish businessman Alejandro Agag as the world's first all-electric international car racing platform. The first race was held in Beijing's Olympic Park in 2014, and has grown into a global entertainment brand with 11 teams and 22 drivers. There are multiple major international corporate sponsors and 9 global automobile manufacturers are engaged; including Jaguar, Nissan, BMW, Audi, DS (Peugeot), and Mahindra. Formula E describes its venue metropolises as being the 'most progressive' cities in the world, and they include New York, London, Paris, Berlin, Seoul, Jakarta, Rome, and Mexico City, among others. Formula E markets itself as a cutting edge catalyst to propel the latest electric vehicle design and research work, as well as improving driving experiences for everyday car users of all classes and types, all while providing incredible entertainment. As the capital city of North America's top auto-producing region with over 2.2 million vehicles assembled in 2017, Toronto has long benefited from the economic activity, employment, and tax revenue generated by the automobile sector. Over 200 companies in southern Ontario are developing autonomous vehicle technology, with our automobile sector employing over 100,000, and generating almost 20% of manufacturing GDP.
    [Show full text]
  • Electric Battery Car Competition Rules
    Colorado Middle School Car Competition Electric Battery Division The Colorado Middle School Car Competition is a classroom-based, hands-on educational program for 6th – 8th grade students. Student teams apply math, science, and creativity to construct and race model lithium-ion powered cars. The primary goals of the programs are to: • Generate enthusiasm for science and engineering at a crucial stage in the educational development of young people; • Improve students' understanding of scientific concepts and renewable energy technologies; and • Encourage young people to consider technical careers at an early age. Program description: • Students use mathematics and science principles together with their creativity in a fun, hands-on educational program. • Using engineering principles, students get excited about generating ideas in a group and then building and modifying models based on these ideas. • Students can see for themselves how changes in design are reflected in car performance. • Students work together on teams to apply problem solving and project management skills. The car competition challenges students to use scientific know-how, creative thinking, experimentation, and teamwork to design and build high-performance model electric battery vehicles. Rules Competition Structure: The Colorado competition will use preliminary time trials before progressing to a double elimination tournament for the finals. Each team will have three time trials to achieve their fastest time. Any car that does not finish in 40 seconds will be considered a Did Not Finish (DNF). Only the fastest 16 teams will progress to the double elimination tournament. In the event of a tie, teams will have a race-off to qualify for the double elimination round.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Perspective of Electric Bicycles in Sustainable Mobility in China By
    Future Perspective of Electric Bicycles in Sustainable Mobility in China by Xiao Lin A Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Cardiff University Logistics and Operations Management Section of Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University July 2016 “Before we can even ask how things might go wrong, we must first explain how they could ever go right.” – F. A. Hayek 1 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed ……… ………………………………………. (candidate) Date ………05/09/2016………………… STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ……………PhD……………(insert MCh, Md, MPhil, PhD etc, as appropriate) Signed ……… ………………………………………. (candidate) Date ………05/09/2016………………… STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. Signed ……… ……………………………………. (candidate) Date ………05/09/2016………………… STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed ……… ……………………………………. (candidate) Date ………05/09/2016………………… I Abstract The thesis seeks to analyse the electric bicycle (e-bike) transition phenomenon in China by applying the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) Transition Theory and Multi-scalar
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling, Testing and Economic Analysis of Wind-Electric Battery
    NREL/CP-500-24920 · UC Category: 1213 Modeling, Testing and Economic Analysis of a Wind-Electric Battery Charging Station Vahan Gevorgian, David A. Corbus, Stephen Drouilhet, Richard Holz National Renewable Energy Laboratory Karen E. Thomas University of California at Berkeley Presented at Windpower '98 Bakersfield, CA April 27-May 1, 1998 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 A national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Managed by Midwest Research Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC36-83CH10093 Work performed under task number WE802230 July 1998 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercialproduct, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authord expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from: Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Prices available by calling (423) 576-8401 Available to the public from: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Scooter Range Scooter
    Scooter Range Scooter A history in scooters No one knows scooters better than Honda. We’ve been leading the market in two wheeled transport for more than sixty years, and we’ve learnt a thing or two in that time. It’s our absolute passion for excellence that leads to our unrivalled standards of quality, reliability and performance. And given our commitment to bringing you the latest in technology at the best possible value, Honda will continue to be the brand of choice in the scooter market. *Overseas model shown TODAY50 NSC110 Dio PCX150 Scooter The future is scooter We’ve only got one planet. That’s why Honda is passionate about developing technology that delivers today while minimising the impact on our environment - now and into the future. The Honda scooter range provides the perfect solution to many of the environmental and transport issues that affect us all today. Not only are scooters efficient, clean and green but they represent a safe, economical and fun mode of transport. More and more switched on commuters are embracing the exciting pragmatism of owning a Honda. Whatever shapes our world one thing will never change; Honda’s commitment to intelligent, future-focussed technology. We call it the Power of Dreams. *Overseas model shown NSS300 Forza NC700 Integra Scooter specifications TODAY50 Engine Type 50cc forced air cooled 4-stroke OHC mono-cylinder Bore and Stroke 37.8mm x 44.0mm Compression Ratio 10.1:1 Carburation CV (Constant Velocity) 18mm bore Ignition CDI type, battery powered Starter Electric Transmission V-Matic Want
    [Show full text]
  • Signature Redacted,.--- Michael A
    A Global Analysis and Market Strategy in the Electric Vehicle Battery Industry By MASSACHUSETTS INSToT1JE. OFTECHNOLOGY Young Hee Kim 8 2014 B. A. Mass Communications and B.B.A. Business Administration, Sogang University, 2005 MBA, Sungkyunkwan University, 2014 LIBRARIES SUBMITTED TO THE MIT SLOAN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT STUDIES AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE 2014 ( 2014 Young Hee Kim. All Rights Reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of Author: Signature redacted MIT Sloan School of Management May 9, 2014 redacted, Certified By: Signature Michael A. Cusumano LI SMR Distinguished Professor of Management Thesis supervisor Accepted By: Signature redacted,.--- Michael A. Cusumano SMR Distinguished Professor of Management Faculty Director, M.S. in Management Studies Program MIT Sloan School of Management [Page intentionallyleft blank] 2 A Global Analysis and Market Strategy in the Electric Vehicle Battery Industry By Young Hee Kim Submitted to the MIT Sloan School of Management on May 9, 2014 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Management Studies Abstract As use of electric vehicles has been expected to grow, the batteries for the electric vehicles have become critical because the batteries are a key part of the paradigm shift in the automotive industry. However, the demand for electric vehicles has been growing slowly and the electric vehicle battery industry still has internal and external competitions to become a standardized energy source for electric vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Road Again a Financial and Extra-Financial Analysis of the Auto Industry
    SRI - EFI Sector Research On the road again A Financial and Extra-financial Analysis of the Auto Industry p Caught in the void Î fuel prices, carbon and pollution p Charting new terrain becomes key Î alternative power trains p Cost is king Î it determines the way forward p Don’t forget Î governance, BRICs, legacy costs and offshoring p Toyota is our global champion Î other winners could emerge Pierre-Yves Quéméner, Financial Analyst +33 1 45 96 77 63 [email protected] November 2005 Valéry Lucas Leclin, SRI Analyst +33 1 45 96 79 23 [email protected] Sarj Nahal, SRI Analyst +33 1 45 96 78 75 [email protected] On the road again This report follows a request from a group of asset managers working with the United Nations to analyse the environmental, social and corporate governance issues that may be material for company performance and to then identify potential impact on company valuations. The United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) works closely with 160 financial institutions worldwide, to develop and promote linkages between the environment, sustainability and financial performance. UNEP FI Asset Management Working Group (AMWG) explores the association between environmental, social, and governance considerations and investment decision-making. Asset Managers that have participated in this project have combined mandates of 1.7 trillion USD. Asset managers: ABN AMRO Asset Management Brazil Acuity Investment Management BNP Paribas Asset Management BT Financial Group Calvert Group Citigroup Asset Management
    [Show full text]