The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome Press, 2016

CONTENTS

List of Illustrations vii

Preface and Acknowledgments xix

part i: the collection: history and context

1. Americans Collecting Antiquities in , ca. 1865–1920 (Richard D. De Puma) 3

2. The Collection of the American Academy in Rome (Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy) 13

3. The History of the Collection (Katherine A. Geffcken) 21 Appendix 3.1. A Personal Recollection about the Collection (Lawrence Richardson, jr.) 79 Appendix 3.2. Introduction to Catalogue of the Museum of the � American School of Classical Studies, 1904 (A. M. Harmon) 81 Appendix 3.3. Timbers from the Nemi Ships in the American Academy, Rome (Giulia Boetto) 83

part ii: highlights of the collection

The Cortile Bays (Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton) 87

4. Inscriptions and 4.1. The Inscriptions (Charles L. Babcock) 90 4.2. An Etruscan Funerary from Chiusi (Larissa Bonfante) 105 4.3. Greek and (Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton) 113 4.4. A Tetrarchic Frieze (David H. Wright) 131

5. Architectural Decoration 5.1. Etruscan and Roman Architectural (Anna M. Moore) 136 5.2. Campana Reliefs (Shelley Stone) 148 5.3. Molded and Painted Plaster Fragments (Anne Laidlaw) 154 5.4. Decorated Marble Pier (David H. Wright) 167 The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Rome Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome University of Michigan Press, 2016

vi CONTENTS

6. Votive Figurines 6.1. Umbrian Geometric and Other Bronze Figurines (Emeline Hill Richardson) 176 6.2. Votive Terracottas from Greece, Magna Grecia, and Beyond (Rebecca Miller Ammerman) 185 6.3. Etrusco-Italic Votive Terracottas (Helen Nagy) 198 6.4. Etruscan Anatomical Votive Terracottas (Jean MacIntosh Turfa) 207 6.5. Italic Animal Votive Terracottas (Ingrid E. M. Edlund-Berry) 216

7. Miscellaneous Etruscan Material 7.1. Etruscan Cinerary Urns (Helen Nagy) 220 7.2. Etruscan Bronze Mirrors (Richard D. De Puma) 228

8. and Lamps 8.1. Italic and Etruscan Pottery 236 8.1.1. Italo-Geometric Pottery (Jean M. Davison) 236 8.1.2. Etrusco-Corinthian Pottery (Shelley Stone) 238 8.1.3. Impasto and Bucchero Pottery (Ingrid E. M. Edlund-Berry and Richard D. De Puma) 245 8.1.4. Italic and Etruscan Pottery Bibliography 255 8.2. Greek and Italian Pottery (Shelley Stone) 259 8.3. Roman and Latian Pottery 283 8.3.1. Italic Votive Vessels (Ingrid E. M. Edlund-Berry) 283 8.3.2. Roman Amphorae (Archer Martin) 288 8.3.3. Terra Sigillata and Related Wares (Archer Martin) 295 8.3.4. Other Roman Ware (Eric C. De Sena) 311 8.3.5. A Note on Miscellaneous Italian Wares (Ingrid E. M. Edlund-Berry) 314 8.3.6. Roman and Latian Pottery Bibliography 315 8.4. Oil Lamps (Eric C. De Sena and Paola Chini) 319

9. Coins and Smaller Objects 9.1. Coins (Katherine A. Geffcken) 332 9.2. Etruscan and Roman Jewelry (Norma W. Goldman) 361 9.3. Notes on Other Categories and on Materials Published Elsewhere 367

List of Contributors 373

Concordance of Inventory Numbers 381

Index of Personal Names 385

Index of Places, Museums, and Collections 387 The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Rome Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome University of Michigan Press, 2016

ILLUSTRATIONS

2.1 Richard Norton and A. W. Van Buren Study Collection, American Academy 18 2.2 “Hero with the plough,” by Martha Armstrong, front panel of terracotta urn from Chiusi (inv. no. 160a) 19 2.3 Opening of 2013 exhibition “Religious Experience in ” 20

3.1 Richard Norton in the Garden, by Antonio Mancini, undated 22 3.2 Memorial to Herbert De Cou, Cortile of the American Academy 22 3.3 The Utowana, photograph given to A. W. Van Buren by Allison V. Armour 30 3.4 Richard Norton beside the great stele at Xanthos, 1904 31 3.5 Charles Densmore Curtis in the whaleboat of the Utowana, 1904 38 3.6 Albert W. Van Buren as a young man, undated studio portrait made in Rome 40 3.7 Albert W. Van Buren and Elizabeth Douglas Van Buren, probably 1915 42 3.8 Professor Van Buren lecturing at the Theseum in Athens, 1931 44 3.9 The Classical School of the American Academy at Pompeii, October 1931 47 3.10 Elizabeth Douglas Van Buren as a young woman, undated studio portrait 49 3.11 At the opening of the Annual Exhibition, American Academy in Rome, 1924 60 3.12 Van Deman’s photograph of the American Classical School at Frascati, 1903 61 3.13 Ashby and Van Deman studying an aqueduct in the Campagna 61 3.14 Esther Boise Van Deman as instructor in Latin, , 1893–1895 63 3.15 Postcard showing back wall of the Cortile with not only ancient pieces attached to wall (as arranged by Gorham Stevens in 1914) but also plaster casts 68 3.16 Museum installed in room to the right of the entrance court, American Academy 70 3.17 Museum of the American Academy, 1937, now the Philip Guston Studio 71

3.3.1 Fragment from the “first” ship from Nemi inv.( no. 1118) 83

II.1 Plan of Cortile bays 88

4.1.1 Sepulchral tablet of C. Vetilius Euhodus (inv. no. 9325) 93 4.1.2 Three fragments of a sepulchral tablet to Eucerus (inv. no. 9371) 93 4.1.3 Boundary cippus (inv. no. 9448) 94 4.1.4 Dedicatory notice by C. Iulius Anicetus (inv. no. 9318) 94 4.1.5 Fragment of Fasti Teanenses (inv. no. 9450) 95 4.1.6 Columbarium tablet of L.Valerius Hesper, Valeria Prima (inv. no. 9361) 95 4.1.7 Victory tablet of bigarius Menander, dated. a.d. 15 (inv. no. 9451) 95 The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Rome Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome University of Michigan Press, 2016

viii ILLUSTRATIONS

4.1.8 Columbarium tablet of Phryne (inv. no. 9347) 100 4.1.9 Setting for a columbarium urn to an unnamed woman (inv. no. 9375) 101

4.2.1 Fragmentary relief base (inv. no. H473), side A: man and woman at a banquet, attended by a pipe player 106 4.2.2 Fragmentary relief base, side B: front, prothesis, or laying out of the dead 106 4.2.3 Fragmentary relief base, side C: armed warriors’ dance 106 4.2.4 Fragmentary corner of a cippus (inv. no. 70.1650) 109 4.2.5 Possible reconstructions of original monument 110

4.3.1 Cycladic figurines inv.( nos. 1, 3, 2) 119 4.3.2 Hellenistic votive relief from Bodrum (inv. no. 6279) 119 4.3.3 Portrait of bearded man, Roman copy (inv. no. 21) 119 4.3.4 Polykleitan male torso, front (inv. no. 9405) 120 4.3.5 Polykleitan male torso, back (inv. no. 9405) 120 4.3.6 Polykleitan torso restored as Nero (inv. nos. 9405/06) 120 4.3.7 Male figure seated on rock with dog inv.( no. 8993) 121 4.3.8 Portrait of young boy (inv. no. 1174) 121 4.3.9 Togate figure inv.( no. 8996) 121 4.3.10 Helmeted head from relief (inv. no. 9428) 122 4.3.11 Helmeted head of gladiator (?) (inv. no. 9429) 122 4.3.12 Male head from funerary relief (inv. no. 22) 122 4.3.13 Inscribed funerary altar of T. Flavius Primio (inv. no. 9441) 124 4.3.14 Inscribed gravestone of Lucius Titius (inv. no. 8990) 124 4.3.15 Fragment of gravestone of an eques singularis Augusti (inv. no. 19) 125 4.3.16 Asia Minor ossuary (inv. no. 8825a–c) 125 4.3.17a–b Fragments of lid of Asia Minor sarcophagus (inv. no. 13) 126 4.3.18 Head of priest from Palmyrene funerary relief (inv. no. 24) 127

4.4.1 Sarcophagus fragment (inv. no. 9089) 132 4.4.2 Sarcophagus fragment, oblique view (inv. no. 9089) 132 4.4.3 The plomb de Lyon, detail 133

5.1.1 antefix inv.( no. 800) 137 5.1.2 Palmette/dolphin antefix inv.( no. 158) 137 5.1.3 Palmette/hippocamp antefix(inv. no. 810) 137 5.1.4 antefix inv.( no. 154) 137 5.1.5 Gorgon/palmette antefix inv.( no. 834) 137 5.1.6 Sima with gorgon (inv. no. 6302) 138 5.1.7 Gorgon/palmette antefix inv.( no. 832) 138 5.1.8 Gorgon/palmette antefix inv.( no. 493) 138 5.1.9 Female head antefix inv.( no. 1172) 138 5.1.10 Cybele antefix inv.( no. 152) 138 5.1.11a–b antefix inv.( no. 150) 140 5.1.12 River god (?) antefix(inv. no. 145) 140 5.1.13 Pan antefix inv.( no. 151) 140 The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Rome Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome University of Michigan Press, 2016

ILLUSTRATIONS ix

5.1.14 Tragic mask antefix inv.( no. 827) 140 5.1.15 Tragic mask antefix (?) inv.( no. 3586) 140 5.1.16 Comic mask relief (inv. no. 3497) 140 5.1.17 Sima with anthemion and lion’s head (inv. no. 8908) 141 5.1.18 Lion’s head (inv. no. 492) 141 5.1.19 Lupette waterspout (inv. no. 149) 142 5.1.20 Lotus bud plaque (inv. no. 4808) 145 5.1.21 Male (?) head (inv. no. 8745) 145

5.2.1 Rectangular relief depicting a palaestra (inv. no. 136) 149 5.2.2 Fragment depicting part of a winged Victory figure inv.( no. 2110) 150 5.2.3 Rectangular relief depicting a maenad and the Hora of Winter (inv. no. 6289) 150 5.2.4 Fragment showing an Amazon (inv. no. 7919) 151 5.2.5 Fragment of a griffin, attacking an Amazon (?) inv.( no. 491) 151

5.3.1 Fragment of thin molded ceiling partly encased in terracotta (inv. no. 8839) 156 5.3.2 Molded division between two ceiling coffers (inv. no. 8910) 156 5.3.3 Plaster mold for rosette in a ceiling coffer (inv. no. 8837) 157 5.3.4 Modeled fragment of aedicule with deer and candelabra (inv. no. 8906) 157 5.3.5a Two joining and one separate fragment of small molding with frieze of alternating encased (inv. nos. 8882, 8885, 8886) 158 5.3.5b Restored pattern of fig. 5a 158 5.3.5c Similar pattern of a frieze from room 7, Casa di Fabio Rufo, Pompeii 158 5.3.5d Similar pattern from Triclinium GG, Casa di Polibio, Pompeii 158 5.3.6a Fragment of large molded frieze of lilies alternating with hearts encasing three-leaf clovers (inv. no. 8893) 159 5.3.6b Restored pattern of inv. no. 8993 159 5.3.7 Fragment of head and draped shoulders of woman looking to her left, against pilaster and low wall (inv. no. 8378) 160 5.3.8 Fragment of orange winged putto in flowered frieze inv.( no. 8874) 160 5.3.9 Fragment of yellow harpy perched on epistyle or candelabrum (inv. no. 8859) 161 5.3.10 Fragment of winged Pegasus in shades of green (inv. no. 8862) 161 5.3.11 Fragment of leopard biting neck of fawn (inv. no. 8868) 162 5.3.12 Fragment of leopard (?) on narrow horizontal wreath of olive or laurel leaves separating black and red panels (?) (inv. no. 8867) 162 5.3.13 Fragment of left side of yellow predella, preserving back half of duck on plot of grass with purple iris (inv. no. 8854) 163 5.3.14 Fragment of vertical floral pattern containing human figure, next to realistic flute of a column or framing element inv.( no. 8850) 163 5.3.15 Fragment of Second Style cornice below draft of green rectangle with black shadows (inv. no. 8852) 164 5.3.16 Fragment of Third Style geometric pattern on epistyle of an aedicula (inv. no. 8853) 164 5.3.17 Fragment of Third Style vertical frieze, consisting of stylized lotus above inverted triangle balanced on volutes (inv. no. 8864) 165 5.3.18 Fragment of geometrical flower on yellow candelabrum inv.( no. 8858) 165 The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Rome Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome University of Michigan Press, 2016

x ILLUSTRATIONS

5.4.1 Pier in situ on wall of the Villa Aurelia, seen from below (inv. no. 9422) 167 5.4.2 Left and front faces of pier 168 5.4.3 Back and right faces of pier 168 5.4.4 Front face of pier 168 5.4.5 Birth of Venus, Tellus, and Oceanus, detail of front face of pier 169 5.4.6 Rape of Europa, detail of front face of pier 169 5.4.7 Left face of pier 170 5.4.8 Right face of pier 170 5.4.9 Detail of frieze on right face of pier 171 5.4.10 Detail of frieze on right face of pier 171 5.4.11 Severan pier reused as entablature in S. Lorenzo Fuori le Mura 172 5.4.12 Detail of frieze around entrance to Temple of Jupiter, Split 173

6.1.1 Abstract figure inv.( no. 1855) 177 6.1.2 Female figure inv.( no. 1856) 177 6.1.3 Warrior (inv. no. 392) 177 6.1.4 Nude warrior (inv. no. 469) 178 6.1.5a Winged male figure inv.( no. 8776) 178 6.1.5b Winged male figure, back inv.( no. 8776) 178 6.1.6 Togate male figure inv.( no. 1851) 180 6.1.7 Dancing Lar (inv. no. 1292) 180 6.1.8a Osiris (inv. no. 1254) 182 6.1.8b Osiris, back (inv. no. 1254) 182

6.2.1 Mycenaean figurines: lower fragment, braid of hair falls down back of figure; upper fragment, left profile of head wearing polos inv.( nos. 75 and 76) 188 6.2.2 Daedalic relief plaque of sphinx from Crete (inv. no. 8985) 188 6.2.3 Argive figurine of seated female inv.( no. 486) 189 6.2.4 Boeotian figurine of horse and rider inv.( no. 8770) 189 6.2.5 Figurine of seated female from Sanctuary of Demeter Malophoros at Selinus, (inv. no. 1337) 190 6.2.6 Tarantine figurine of reclining male banqueter and seated female inv.( no. 8984) 190 6.2.7 Head of Tarantine figurine of reclining male banqueter inv.( no. 8986) 191 6.2.8 Italic figurine of standing female holding fruit, from inv.( no. 77) 192 6.2.9 Thymiaterion in shape of female head from Nuraghe Lugherras in Sardinia (inv. no. 3481) 192 6.2.10 Archaic statuette of female figure from Magna Grecia inv.( no. 2112) 194 6.2.11 Hellenistic figurine of Eros in flight, probably from Egyptinv. ( no. 96) 194 6.2.12 Back of figurine of Eros in flight with lug pierced for suspensioninv. ( no. 96) 194 6.2.13 Gallo-Roman figurine of youth riding eagle inv.( no. 100) 196

6.3.1 Female head (inv. no. 102) 199 6.3.2 Female head (inv. no. 2103) 199 6.3.3 Male head (inv. no. 104) 199 6.3.4 Large female bust (inv. no. 2106) 200 The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Rome Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome University of Michigan Press, 2016

ILLUSTRATIONS xi

6.3.5 Female head (inv. no. 135) 200 6.3.6 Female head (inv. no. 8738) 200 6.3.7 Two musicians (inv. no. 86) 202 6.3.8 Two women and a child (inv. no. 87) 202 6.3.9 Woman and child (inv. no. 89) 202 6.3.10 Couple with child (inv. no. 90) 202 6.3.11 Votive altar (inv. no. 8772) 204 6.3.12 Votive altar (inv. no. 8773) 204 6.3.13 Votive altar, drawing 204

6.4.1 Fragment of mold for left foot (inv. no. 1595) 209 6.4.2a–b Right foot, sandaled (inv. no. 108) 210 6.4.3 Right hand and arm (inv. no. 1417) 210 6.4.4 “Mask”: facial plaque with eyes (inv. no. 107) 211 6.4.5 Thigh (inv. no. 8355) 211 6.4.6 Male genitals from votive torso (inv. no. 2440) 211 6.4.7 Testicle (inv. no. 129) 211 6.4.8 Breast (inv. no. 3493) 212 6.4.9 Uterus (inv. no. 130) 212 6.4.10 Polyvisceral plaque (inv. no. 1585) 212

6.5.1 Votive pig (inv. no. 132) 217 6.5.2 Votive horse (inv. no. 131) 217 6.5.3 Impasto bull vessel (inv. no. 2113) 217 6.5.4 Votive bull’s head (inv. no. 134) 217

7.1.1 Terracotta urn and lid (inv. no. 160a–b) 221 7.1.2 Terracotta urn: inscription (inv. no. 160b) 221 7.1.3 Lid figure of terracotta urn: reclining man inv.( no. 160b) 221 7.1.4 Lid figure of terracotta urn inv.( no. 165a–b) 221 7.1.5 Front panel of terracotta urn: inscription (inv. no. 165a) 221 7.1.6 Terracotta urn and lid (inv. no. 165a–b) 221 7.1.7 Cinerary jar, or , with lid (inv. no 166a–b) 222 7.1.8 Cinerary jar, or olla: graffito inscription inv.( no. 166a) 222 7.1.9 Cinerary jar, or olla: detail (inv. no. 166a) 222 7.1.10 Terracotta urn and lid (inv. no. 163a–b) 224 7.1.11 Terracotta urn and lid (inv. no. 164a–b) 224 7.1.12 Lid figure of terracotta urn: reclining woman inv.( no. 163b) 225 7.1.13 Lid figure of terracotta urn: reclining man (?) inv.( no. 164b) 225

7.2.1 Mirror with engraved tang, drawing of reverse (inv. no. 393) 229 7.2.2 Drawing of obverse (inv. no. 393) 229 7.2.3 Mirror from Vulci with Hermes and another male figure 229 7.2.4 Mirror with Dioskouroi, drawing of reverse (inv. no. 8831) 230 7.2.5 Drawing of obverse (inv. no. 8831) 230 The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Rome Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome University of Michigan Press, 2016

xii ILLUSTRATIONS

7.2.6 Richter mirror, drawing of obverse with modern additions (inv. no. 9578) 231 7.2.7 Drawing of reverse (inv. no. 9578). 231 7.2.8 Drawing of obverse without modern additions (inv. no. 9578) 231

8.1.1.1 Cypro-Archaic (inv. no. 230) 237 8.1.1.2 Italo-Geometric oinochoe (inv. no. 299) 237 8.1.1.3 Italo-Geometric (inv. no. 298) 237 8.1.1.4 Campanian squat (inv. no. 1200) 237 8.1.1.5 Messapian geometric trozzella (inv. no. 297) 237 8.1.1.6 Daunian geometric (inv. no. 1800) 237

8.1.2.1 Stemmed chalice (inv. no. 304) 239 8.1.2.2 (inv. no. 541) 239 8.1.2.3 Oinochoe (inv. no. 566) 240 8.1.2.4 Olpe (inv. no. 311) 240 8.1.2.5 (inv. no. 543) 240 8.1.2.6 Alabastron (inv. no. 307) 240 8.1.2.7 (inv. no. 8237a) 240 8.1.2.8 Olpe (inv. no. 312) 242 8.1.2.9 Olpe (inv. no. 6319) 242 8.1.2.10 (inv. no. 308) 242 8.1.2.11 Lidded pyxis (inv. no. 540) 242 8.1.2.12 (inv. no. 539) 242 8.1.2.13 Lidded pyxis (inv. no. 303+303a) 242 8.1.2.14 Olpe (inv. no. 565) 244 8.1.2.15 Olpe (inv. no. 310) 244 8.1.2.16 Amphora (inv. no. 567) 244 8.1.2.17 Amphora (inv. no. 569) 244

8.1.3.1 Impasto biconical urn (inv. no. 1810) 246 8.1.3.2 Single-handled impasto biconical urn (inv. no. 266) 246 8.1.3.3 , from Orvieto (inv. no. 268) 246 8.1.3.4 Fragmentary two-handled cup (inv. no. 1813) 246 8.1.3.5 Cup with a biforated looped handle (inv. no. 269) 246 8.1.3.6 Spiral amphora (inv. no. 1183) 246 8.1.3.7 Body of jar with cover (inv. no. 1194a–b) 246 8.1.3.8 Bucchero kyathos with coxcomb looped handle (inv. no. 277) 249 8.1.3.9 Bucchero set on low, wide base (inv. no. 290) 249 8.1.3.10 Bucchero stemmed dish with grooved vertical rim (inv. no. 294) 249 8.1.3.11 Bucchero Nicosthenic amphora (inv. no. 3941) 249 8.1.3.12 Bucchero jug with tall looped handle (inv. no. 1642) 249 8.1.3.13 Bucchero stemless cup with stippled incised decoration (inv. no. 1178) 249 8.1.3.14 Bucchero stemmed cup (broken), “from Veii” (inv. no. 1634) 249 8.1.3.15 Bucchero stemless cup (inv. no. 1641) 249 8.1.3.16 Bucchero oinochoe from Orvieto (inv. no. 287) 250 8.1.3.17 Bucchero kotyle (inv. no. 278) 250 The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Rome Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome University of Michigan Press, 2016

ILLUSTRATIONS xiii

8.1.3.18 Bucchero plate (inv. no. 295) 250 8.1.3.19 Bucchero chalice, perhaps from Veii (inv. no. 1632) 250 8.1.3.20 Bucchero kyathos (inv. no. 288) 250 8.1.3.21 Bucchero phiale (inv. no. 292) 250 8.1.3.22 Bucchero handle with stamped decoration (inv. no. 284) 251 8.1.3.23 Bucchero attachment with relief decoration (inv. no. 4064) 251 8.1.3.24a Bucchero chalice with relief decoration (inv. no. 498) 252 8.1.3.24b Drawing of inv. no. 498 252 8.1.3.25 Bucchero clay appliqué in the form of a human head (inv. no. 1385) 252 8.1.3.26a Bucchero vase with appliqué and incision (inv. no. 499) 252 8.1.3.26b Drawing of inv. no. 499 252 8.1.3.27a Bucchero chalice (inv. no. 285) 252 8.1.3.27b Detail of inv. no. 285 252 8.1.3.27c Drawing of inv. no. 285 252

8.2.1 Aryballos (inv. no. 8781) 260 8.2.2 Alabastron (inv. no. 8786) 260 8.2.3 Alabastron (inv. no. 545) 260 8.2.4 Aryballos (inv. no. 544) 260 8.2.5 Aryballos (inv. no. 2084) 260 8.2.6 “Ionian cup” from Veii (inv. no. 300) 262 8.2.7 Ionian cup (inv. no. 571) 262 8.2.8 (inv. no. 8729) 262 8.2.9 Fragmentary Droop Cup: animal frieze (inv. no. 6737) 262 8.2.10 Type B cup, tondo: running youth (inv. no. 319) 264 8.2.11 Type B cup, exterior A: Dionysiac revel (inv. no. 319) 264 8.2.12 Type C cup, exterior A: seated man and winged horses (inv. no. 318) 264 8.2.13 Type C cup, interior: dancing (inv. no. 320) 264 8.2.14 Stemless cup fragment, tondo: Gorgoneion (inv. no. 505) 264 8.2.15 Neck amphora, A: Gigantomachy (inv. no. 314) 265 8.2.16 Neck amphora, B: Dionysos and revelers (inv. no. 314) 265 8.2.17 Neck amphora by the Red-Line Painter: A: Dionysos and dancing woman (inv. no. 547) 265 8.2.18 Neck amphora by the Red-Line Painter: B: Two women harvest fruit (inv. no. 547) 265 8.2.19 Amphora fragment: Dionysos (inv. no. 6530 + 6641) 265 8.2.20 Lekythos: Guinea hen (inv. no. 8783) 266 8.2.21–22 Lekythos: Quadriga and apobates (inv. no. 8977) 266 8.2.23 Palmette lekythos (inv. no. 8784) 266 8.2.24 Attic chalice (inv. no. 8787) 267 8.2.25 Attic lidded pyxis (inv. no. 8981) 267 8.2.26 Attic oinochoe (inv. no. 8979) 267 8.2.27 Apulian kylix (inv. no. 1176) 268 8.2.28 Apulian lekanis (inv. no. 1177) 268 8.2.29 Apulian column krater (inv. no. 9489) 268 8.2.30 Campanian askos (inv. no. 331) 268 The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Rome Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome University of Michigan Press, 2016

xiv ILLUSTRATIONS

8.2.31 Plate from Latium (inv. no. 1510) 268 8.2.32 Etruscan mesomphalic phiale (inv. no. 1806) 268 8.2.33 Etruscan mesomphalic phiale (inv. no. 1182) 268 8.2.34 Latin or Etruscan echinus bowl (inv. no. 332) 270 8.2.35 Volterran kantharos (inv. no. 1822) 270 8.2.36 Fragment of a pitcher from Volterra (inv. no. 338) 270 8.2.37 Kyathos (inv. no. 1184) 270 8.2.38 Shallow bowl (inv. no. 1809) 270 8.2.39 Fragments of Attic kylix (inv. no. 8775) 270 8.2.40–41 Fragment of Attic kylix (inv. no. 322) 272 8.2.42 Fragment of Attic krater (inv. no. 8816) 272 8.2.43–44 Lucanian bell krater by the Creusa Painter (inv. no. 1840) 272 8.2.45–46 Proto-Paestan lekanis lid, Prado-Fienga Painter (inv. no. 8797) 273 8.2.47 Campanian inv.( no. 1837) 274 8.2.48–49 Campanian (inv. no. 1838) 274 8.2.50 Campanian lekanis lid (inv. no. 1193) 274 8.2.51–52 Apulian lekanis lid, workshop of the Painter (inv. no. 8798) 274 8.2.53 Etruscan pitcher, name vase of the American Academy Painter (inv. no. 1839) 274 8.2.54 Caeretan Genucilia plate (inv. no. 326) 274 8.2.55 Attic sessile kantharos (inv. no. 324) 276 8.2.56 Apulian (inv. no. 8790) 276 8.2.57 Apulian ring guttus (inv. no. 1188) 276 8.2.58 Apulian oinochoe (inv. no. 8815) 276 8.2.59 Apulian oinochoe (inv. no. 1794) 276 8.2.60 Campanian (inv. no. 1187) 276 8.2.61 Etruscan lekanis and lid (inv. nos. 1796 and 1792) 278 8.2.62 Etruscan beaked pitcher (inv. no. 1842) 278

8.3.1.1 Jar (inv. no. 1202) 284 8.3.1.2 Jar (inv. no. 1201) 284 8.3.1.3 Miniature kyathos (inv. no. 1288) 284 8.3.1.4 Miniature kyathos (inv. no. 344) 284 8.3.1.5 Terracotta spool from Ponte di Nona (inv no. 2521) 284 8.3.1.6 Disks from Tivoli (inv. nos. 3135–3138, 3148–3152) 287 8.3.1.7 Spools from Tivoli (inv. nos. 3158–3160) 287 8.3.1.8 Cones from Tivoli (inv. nos. 3161–3164) 287 8.3.1.9 High-handled cups from Tivoli (inv. nos. 1264–1265) 287 8.3.1.10 Spiraling disks from Tivoli (inv. nos. 1275–1277) 287

8.3.2.1 Dressel 20 amphora handle with stamp, Callender 878 (inv. no. 1148) 290 8.3.2.2 Dressel 20 amphora handle with stamp, Callender 581 (inv. no. 1048) 290 8.3.2.3 Dressel 20 amphora handle with stamp, Callender 1573 (inv. no. 1055) 290 8.3.2.4 Dressel 20 amphora handle with stamp, Callender 878 (inv. no. 1139) 290 8.3.2.5 Dressel 20 amphora handle with stamp, Callender 1358 (inv. no. 1014) 290 8.3.2.6 Dressel 20 amphora handle with stamp, Callender 1590 (inv. no. 1170) 290 The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Rome Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome University of Michigan Press, 2016

ILLUSTRATIONS xv

8.3.2.7 Dressel 20 amphora body sherd with unintentional stamp on interior (inv. no. 891) 291 8.3.2.8 Dressel 20 amphora body sherd with graffito Ianuari vale inv.( no. 927) 291 8.3.2.9 Dressel 20 amphora body sherd with graffito Ianuari vale (inv. no. 929) 291 8.3.2.10 Dressel 20 amphora body with graffito [F]irmo[rum] inv.( no. 928) 291 8.3.2.11 Rhodian amphora handle with eponym stamp of Archilaidos (inv. no. 530) 292 8.3.2.12 African amphora body sherd with stamp reading top / hcol (inv. no. 1513) 292 8.3.2.13 Dressel 20 amphora (reconstructed) (inv. no. 9477) 293

8.3.3.1 Italian sigillata, Consp. B 1.4 with stamp OCK 1951.4 (inv. no. 8935.135) 297 8.3.3.2 Italian sigillata, unid. plate with stamp OCK 1863.5 (inv. no. 8935.134) 297 8.3.3.3 Italian sigillata, Consp. B 4.7 with stamp OCK 207.2 (inv. no. 8935.6) 298 8.3.3.4 Italian sigillata, Consp. B 3.19 with stamp OCK 1317.1 (inv. no. 8935.99) 298 8.3.3.5 Italian sigillata, Consp. B 3.12 with graffito inv.( no. 8935.149) 298 8.3.3.6 Italian sigillata mold (inv. no. 1647.1) 300 8.3.3.7 Italian sigillata mold (inv. no. 1647.2) 300 8.3.3.8 Italian sigillata mold (inv. no. 1647.3) 300 8.3.3.9 Italian sigillata mold (inv. no. 1647.4) 300 8.3.3.10 Italian sigillata with molded relief decoration (inv. no. 1647.5) 301 8.3.3.11 Italian sigillata with molded relief decoration (inv. no. 1647.6) 301 8.3.3.12 Italian sigillata with molded relief decoration (inv. no. 1647.18) 301 8.3.3.13 Late Italian decorated sigillata with stamp OCK 1690.52 (inv. no. 8935.122) 303 8.3.3.14 Italian sigillata, Consp. 20.3–4 with applied relief decoration (inv. no. 8778.12) 303 8.3.3.15 Calene black-gloss ware with molded relief decoration including stamp CIL I2, 417 (inv. no. 2528) 304 8.3.3.16a–b South Gaulish sigillata, Drag. 29 with molded relief decoration and potter’s stamp (inv. nos. 1647.45) 304 8.3.3.17 South Gaulish sigillata, Drag. 30 with molded relief decoration (inv. no. 1647.47) 306 8.3.3.18 South Gaulish sigillata, Drag. 37 with molded relief decoration (inv. nos. 1647.48) 306 8.3.3.19 African red-slip ware A1, Hayes 8A/ Lamboglia 1a (inv. no. 521) 307 8.3.3.20 African red-slip ware A2, Hayes 8B/ Lamboglia 1c (inv. no. 8936) 307 8.3.3.21a–b African red-slip ware C2 with applied relief decoration (inv. nos. 520 and 520a) 308 8.3.3.22 African red-slip ware D1 with stamped decoration (inv. no. 1509) 308 8.3.3.23 African cooking ware, Lamboglia 9A = Bonifay Type 3B (inv. no. 359) 309 8.3.3.24 African cooking ware, Ostia I, 264 = Bonifay Type 12 (inv. no. 358) 309

8.3.4.1 Slipped , first centuryb .c. (inv. no. 1821) 312 8.3.4.2 North African common ware jug, late first–second century a .d. (inv. no. 355) 312 8.3.4.3 North African biberon, Republican to early Imperial period (inv. no. 6323) 312 8.3.4.4 Thin-walled ware cup, Imperial period (inv. no. 6327) 312 8.3.4.5 Common ware cup, Imperial period (inv. no. 2148) 312 8.3.4.6–7 Common ware flowerpot inv.( no. 8887) 313 8.3.4.8 Common ware cup fused during firing inv.( no. 3492) 313 The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Rome Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome University of Michigan Press, 2016

xvi ILLUSTRATIONS

8.3.4.9 Late Roman glazed pottery with Maenad, fourth–fifth centurya .d. (inv. no. 8152a) 313 8.3.4.10 Late Roman glazed pottery, fourth–fifth centurya .d. (inv. no. 8152b) 313

8.3.5.1 Jug from Orvieto (inv. no. 346) 314 8.3.5.2 Orange white ware oinochoe from Orvieto (inv. no. 347) 314 8.3.5.3 Orange white ware oinochoe from Orvieto (inv. no. 348) 314 8.3.5.4 Jar from Orvieto (inv. no. 349) 314 8.3.5.5 Oinochoe from Cyprus (inv. no. 221) 314

8.4.1a–b Minoan lamp carved in steatite (inv. no. 60) 320 8.4.2 Anchor with dolphin (inv. no. 186) 321 8.4.3 Capitoline triad (inv. no. 2063) 321 8.4.4 Leda and the swan (inv. no. 2012) 321 8.4.5a–b Venus and Eros (inv. no. 2022) 322 8.4.6a–b Female deity, Magna Mater (?) (inv. no. 2014) 322 8.4.7 The Three Graces (inv. no. 2011) 322 8.4.8 Sacrifice scene inv.( no. 1993) 322 8.4.9 Two men playing a board game (inv. no. 2009) 323 8.4.10 Dying gladiator (inv. no. 4087) 323 8.4.11 Ship (inv. no. 1963) 323 8.4.12 Bull’s head (inv. no. 2030) 323 8.4.13 Grotesque head (inv. no. 2034) 323 8.4.14 Makers’ marks (inv. no. 2056) 323 8.4.15a–b Maker’s mark (inv. no. 2061) 324 8.4.16 Mark, Channel lamp (inv. no. 2039) 324 8.4.17 Bailey S lamp (inv. no. 2043) 324

9.1.1 Sample page from catalogue prepared by K. Geffcken 334 9.1.2a–b gallienvs avg/ iovi conservatori. In exergue, viic (inv. no. 10156; Hoard H.122) 337 9.1.3 gallienvs avg/laetitia avg (inv. no. 10091; Hoard H.57) 338 9.1.4 gallienvs avg/ pax fundata (inv. no. 10173; Hoard H.139) 338 9.1.5 gallienvs avg/ vberitas avg (inv. no. 10134; Hoard H.100) 340 9.1.6 gallienvs avg/ vberitas avg (inv. no. 10130; Hoard H.96) 340 9.1.7 gallienvs avg/ vberitas avg (inv. no. 10123; Hoard H.89) 342 9.1.8 salonina avg/ fecvunditas avg (inv. no. 10223; Hoard K.23) 343 9.1.9 salonina avg/ fecvnditas avg (inv. no. 10222; Hoard K.22) 343 9.1.10 d n constantivs p f avg/ virtvs avgvstorvm (inv. no. 10434; ex no. 185) 344 9.1.11 d n iovian/ vot v (inv. no. 10466; ex no. 217) 344 9.1.12a–b AR denarius, 115 or 114 b.c. (inv. no. 10526; no. 277 Van Deman) 348 9.1.13a–b AR denarius, 137 b.c. (inv. no. 10525; no. 276 Van Deman) 348 9.1.14a–b AR denarius, 38 b.c. (inv. no. 10535; no. 286 Van Deman) 349 9.1.15a–b AR denarius, 56 b.c. (inv. no. 10529; no. 280 Van Deman) 349 9.1.16 Trachy, John III, Ducas, 1221–1254 (inv. no. 10663; ex no. 415) 353 The Collection of Antiquities of the American Academy in Rome Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, editors With the collaboration of Jacquelyn Collins-Clinton https://www.press.umich.edu/7270894/collection_of_antiquities_of_the_american_academy_in_rome University of Michigan Press, 2016

ILLUSTRATIONS xvii

9.1.17 Trachy, Manuel I, Comnenus, ca. 1160–1164 (?) (inv. no. 10666; ex no. 417) 353 9.1.18 Trachy, Latin Emperors, 1204– ±06 (inv. no. 10710; ex no. 461) 354 9.1.19 Grosso, Doge Lorenzo Tiepolo, 1268–1275 (inv. no. 10891; ex no. 630) 354 9.1.20 Tornesello, Doge Antonio Venier, 1382–1400 (inv. no. 10939; ex no. 678) 356 9.1.21a–b Tornesello, Doge Lorenzo Celsi, 1361–1365 (inv. no. 10898; ex no. 637) 356

9.2.1 Fibula with gold (?) inlay (inv. no. 5009) 362 9.2.2 Bracelet with gold (?) inlay (inv. no. 398) 362 9.2.3 Ring (inv. no. 3982) 362 9.2.4 Leech fibula with spring coil inv.( no. 3978) 362 9.2.5 Leech-type fibula inv.( no. 4816) 364 9.2.6 Leech-type fibula inv.( no. 4815) 364 9.2.7 Zoomorphic fibula inv.( no. 1877) 364 9.2.8 Straight pin (inv. no. 1875) 364 9.2.9 Bronze bulla with chain (inv. no. 1881) 365 9.2.10 Half of a button (inv. no. 441) 365

9.3.1 Ligula with sharp hook (inv. no. 1891) 368 9.3.2 Double ligula (inv. no. 1892) 368 9.3.3 Glass bottle from the Van Deman collection (inv. no. 2151) 370 9.3.4 Composite mosaic glass fragment from the Elihu Vedder collection (inv. no. 4123) 370