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The Spies That Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage
Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2020 Apr 27th, 9:00 AM - 10:00 AM The Spies that Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage Masaki Lew Clackamas High School Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the History Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Lew, Masaki, "The Spies that Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage" (2020). Young Historians Conference. 19. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2020/papers/19 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Spies that Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage Masaki Lew Humanities Western Civilization 102 March 16, 2020 1 Continental Spy Nathan Hale, standing below the gallows, spoke to his British captors with nothing less than unequivocal patriotism: “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”1 American History idolizes Hale as a hero. His bravery as the first pioneer of American espionage willing to sacrifice his life for the growing colonial sentiment against a daunting global empire vindicates this. Yet, behind Hale’s success as an operative on -
The Culper Ring
ACTIVITY 2 REPRODUCIBLE MASTER THE CULPER RING or generations, history books have taught us that Nathan Hale was America’s first spy during the Revolutionary War, which is why his statue stands outside CIA headquarters. But, as AMC’s TURN: FWashington’s Spies reveals, there was actually a wide network of spies providing General George Washington with secret intelligence throughout the war. Unlike the eloquent Hale, however, these spies were never caught, so their identities have remained largely unknown and rarely acknowledged in history books. The Culper Ring was a group of childhood friends who were dedicated to the Patriot DISCOVERY cause and able to collect and disseminate Here is some background on Washington’s espionage operation intelligence that ultimately helped the Patriots and the members of the Culper Ring featured in AMC’s TURN: win the war. The majority of intelligence Washington’s Spies. Research the following individuals and their approach to espionage. collected by the group was about the Abraham Woodhull – A young farmer from movements of British troops and their plans for Setauket, Long Island, who concealed his New York and the surrounding area. Perhaps identity with the name Samuel Culper, Woodhull ran the group’s daily business. He frequently their most notable accomplishment was the traveled between New York and Long Island in interception of treasonous correspondence order to collect information. In TURN, Woodhull between Britain’s intelligence officer John finds himself conflicted by his loyalty to his father, Andre and Major General Benedict Arnold of a Tory, and his dedication to the Patriot cause. General George Washington’s army. -
Stealth and Secrecy: the Culper Spy Ring's Triumph Over the Tragedy Of
Stealth and Secrecy: The Culper Spy Ring’s Triumph over the Tragedy of Betrayal Andi Bradsher Junior Division Historical Paper Paper Length: 2,496 2 A group of brave Patriots faced the hangman’s noose daily while fighting for freedom during the American Revolution. Their weapons were not muskets or bayonets but stealth and secrecy. The Culper Spy Ring made many important discoveries, including the identification of Benedict Arnold’s tragic betrayal, which led to the Patriot triumph over the British in the Revolutionary War. When the British Army invaded New York City in September of 1776, they procured one of the largest cities on the continent.1 General George Washington, commander of the Continental Army, needed inside information about what transpired behind British lines in the city. Having been an officer in the French and Indian War, he knew the value of advance knowledge about the enemy’s plans. He wrote, “There is nothing more necessary than good intelligence to frustrate a designing Enemy: and nothing that requires greater pains to obtain.”2 Securing those spies proved to be difficult. One of Washington’s first agents to go behind British lines never made it out. Nathan Hale was hanged on September 22, 1776.3 Washington realized that in the future he would need an organized group of people to gather information. He chose a trustworthy officer to be the director of military intelligence. Benjamin Tallmadge wrote in his memoir, “...I opened a private correspondence with some persons in New York (for Gen. Washington) which lasted through the war.”4 These “persons” operating on Setauket, Long Island, and in New York City together became known as the Culper Spy Ring. -
The Setauket Gang: the American Revolutionary Spy Ring You've Never Heard About
University of Puget Sound Sound Ideas Summer Research Summer 2019 The Setauket Gang: The American Revolutionary Spy Ring you've never heard about Fran Leskovar University of Puget Sound Follow this and additional works at: https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/summer_research Part of the Military History Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Leskovar, Fran, "The Setauket Gang: The American Revolutionary Spy Ring you've never heard about" (2019). Summer Research. 340. https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/summer_research/340 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Sound Ideas. It has been accepted for inclusion in Summer Research by an authorized administrator of Sound Ideas. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Setauket Gang: The American Revolutionary War Spy Ring You’ve never heard about Fran Leskovar University of Puget Sound 2019 Summer Research I would like to express my appreciation to the Chism Award for funding this research. 1 A 21-year old Yale Graduate with a diploma in his hand set up on a dangerous expedition to British controlled Long Island. No man except the bravest of the brave would be bold enough to depart on that journey. Merciless smugglers, deserters, and gunrunners, both rebels and redcoats or just acting for themselves, controlled the pond and the land surrounding it. Their monopoly often challenged by the British Royal Navy that was scouting for the rebel privateers and sometimes, but very rarely, for British refugees crossing the Sound under the flag of truce. From all these British sailors and officers, the rebels were particularly afraid of a notorious captain William Quarme who was in charge of the sixteen-gun brig Halifax and was very often accompanied on his voyages by the ruthless Queens Rangers. -
Grabber: IfYouWantedToSendAMessageToYourFriendHowWould
Grabber: ● If you wanted to send a message to your friend how would you do it? ● Is that message guaranteed to be secret? How could you make it secret? Brainstorm: ● What would you have done to send a secret message 250 years ago? Background: During the American Revolution there was a need for both the British and Americans to send coded and secret messages to gain information about each other. This was done in a number of ways through different channels, but the Culper Code and invisible ink are two of the best known methods that were used. George Washington - known as Agent 711 in the Culper Ring - was an important figure in several spy rings whose work helped the “rag-tag” colonials defeat a world power. Because the Continental Army was relatively small in number, many civilians were drawn into the Culper Ring under the guidance of Major Benjamin Tallmadge, known as “John Bolton” or Agent 721 in the Culper Code. Other members of the ring included Anna Strong, who would -
A Spy of His Own Confession: a Revolution in American Espionage
Syracuse University SURFACE Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects Projects Spring 5-2016 A Spy of His Own Confession: A Revolution in American Espionage Cole Ellenbogen Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/honors_capstone Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Ellenbogen, Cole, "A Spy of His Own Confession: A Revolution in American Espionage" (2016). Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects. 975. https://surface.syr.edu/honors_capstone/975 This Honors Capstone Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract: The most well known spies are usually the ones who were caught. But what about those who took their secret lives to the grave? In the summer of 1778, arguably one of the biggest players in the United States’ fight for independence was released from a rebel-controlled prison in Connecticut. Abraham Woodhull, arrested earlier in the year for smuggling, was offered his freedom in exchange for his loyalty to the continental army. His friend, Major Benjamin Tallmadge, was looking to replace the dated espionage methods employed by his superior officer and contentious rival. In just a few short years, the organization they created would change the tide of the war – and all of espionage – forever. Executive Summary: In the summer of 1778, the American Revolution was at an unusual stalemate. All of Britain’s supply ships were coming into New York City from Ireland, making the Island of Manhattan a critical stronghold. -
Information About the Locations on The
For a detailed map or print out a copy, please visit spyring.emmaclark.org. GENERAL WASHINGTON'S SETAUKET-BASED CULPER SPY RING ~ HISTORY CLOSE AT HAND ~ By Beverly C. Tyler It happened in Setauket! A clandestine operation, to provide General Washington with information on the activity of the British on Long Island and in New York City, existed during the Revolutionary War. You can explore the sites that figured in the operation of the Culper Spy Ring, as it was known. Call 631.498.4740 for an audio tour of Setauket's Revolutionary War Spy Locations. While following the tour outlined below, simply press the number indicated within each entry to get an audio description of the site. 1 THREE VILLAGE HISTORICAL SOCIETY EXHIBIT-SPIES! -- PRESS 21 Three Village Historical Society Headquarters and Museum http://www.ThreeVillageHistoricalSociety.org 93 North Country Rd., PO Box 76, East Setauket, NY 11733 Phone: 631.751.3730, Fax: 631.751.3936, Email: [email protected] Museum & Gift Shop hours: Sun. 1-4 PM, and by appointment. Admission: $5.00. Call for information about Walking Tours and membership information. The current (2014) exhibit is SPIES! How a Group of Long Island Patriots Helped George Washington Win the Revolution. The exhibit begins at the gift shop and winds its way through the house moving from 1775 Writing with invisible ink can be a part of through the Battle of Long Island, the death of Nathan Hale and the SPIES! Exhibit experience Washington's loss of New York City in 1776 to the formation of the Culper Spy Ring in 1778, the addition of an agent in Manhattan in 1779, and the saving of the French fleet at Newport in 1780. -
CULPER SPIES Continued on Page C5 631-751-3730
AUGUST 30, 2018 • ARTS & LIFESTYLES • PAGE C1 Come celebrate Long Island's Revolutionary story An invitation to the Times Beacon Record 4th annual Culper Spy Day News Media© Inside: Event Guide and Map PAGE C2 • ARTS & LIFESTYLES • AUGUST 30, 2018 VISIONS OF CULPER SPY DAY 2017 Photos by Greg Catalano AUGUST 30, 2018 • ARTS & LIFESTYLES • PAGE C3 CULPER SPY DAY Fourth annual Culper Spy Day celebrates our Revolutionary story BY HEIDI SUTTON One of the more interesting features of the home are the original late-18th-centu- ry hand-painted floral wall frescoes on the ‘Lucky is the child who listens to a story walls of the Jayne Parlor. Commissioned by from an elder and treasures it for years.’ William Jayne II, they were rediscovered — Barbara Russell, underneath wallpaper by Sherwood in 1916 Town of Brookhaven Historian who had them restored by well-known artist argo Arceri first heard about George Emil Gruppé. “One small panel was left un- Washington’s Setauket spies from touched so that you can see how it’s weath- M her Strong’s Neck neighbor and ered through the years,” St. George pointed local historian, Kate W. Strong, in the early out during a recent tour. 1970s. Arceri lights up when talking about The home contains artifacts that specif- her favorite spy, Anna Smith Strong. ically relate to the American Revolution, in- “Kate W. Strong, Anna Smith Strong’s cluding paneling on the fireplace wall and great-great-granddaughter, originally told me shutters on a bar in the Tap Room that came about the Culper Spy Ring when I used to visit from the Tallmadge House of Setauket, be- her with my neighbor and Strong descendant lieved to be the birthplace of Colonel Benja- Raymond Brewster Strong III. -
Long Island Historical Journal
___________________________________________________ LONG ISLAND HISTORICAL JOURNAL ___________________________________________________ Map by Willem Janszoon Blaeu based upon a 1614 manuscript by Dutch explorer Adriaen Block, the first European to circumnavigate Long Island. ___________________________________________________ Volume 19, Numbers 1-2 Fall 2006/Spring 2007 ___________________________________________________ Starting from fish-shape Paumanok where I was born… Walt Whitman Fall 2006/Spring 2007 Volume 19, Numbers 1-2 Published by the Department of History and The Center for Regional Policy Studies Stony Brook University Copyright 2007 by the Long Island Historical Journal ISSN 0898-7084 All rights reserved Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life The editors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of the Provost and of the Dean of Social and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University (SBU). We thank the Center for Excellence and Innovation in Education, SBU for their generous assistance. We appreciate the continuing support of the Stony Brook History Department. Publication would not have been possible without the generous support of the Gardiner Foundation and that of the Center for Regional Policy Studies at SBU. The Long Island Historical Journal is published annually in the spring. The tables of contents for all past issues are on the World Wide Web at http://www.sunysb.edu/history/lihj/lihj.html. The Fall 2004/Spring 2005 issue of the Journal is available on the web at: https://dspace.sunyconnect.suny.edu/bitstream/1951/6616/1/LIHJSpring200 5.pdf Special thanks to Dan Woulfin, who provides web site support for the journal, and to D. James Cingone, our talented and inspired student intern. -
Washington's Hidden Army That Won America's Freedom
Concealed in the Shadows; Breaking Principles: Washington’s Hidden Army that Won America’s Freedom Presented by: Gia Gupta, Karina Gupta and Jiwoo Lee Junior Division Group Performance Process Paper Word Count: 500 On our English teacher’s wall is a poster of George Washington with a quote that reads, “The harder the conflict, the greater the triumph.” From the first day we looked at the quote, we wondered how difficult was the conflict George Washington endured to liberate the United States? We asked our teacher if she thought George Washington used unconventional methods, to help him triumph over tyranny. Our teacher's response became the spark that ignited our passion, “Oh you mean the Culper Spies. That is just a myth.” Perplexed by the dismissive answer, we began seeking out the truth about the conflict George Washington encountered and what he utilized to break the barrier of a despotic ruler and secure the “blessing of liberty to ourselves and posterity.” In order to understand the conflict George Washington faced to break through the tyrannical hold of Great Britain, we started our research at George Washington’s Mount Vernon Digital Library. The articles and primary sources available became the founding blocks of our thesis and helped us understand the well- organized hidden army that used their secret weapon of intelligence to take the upper hand and win the war of independence. We interviewed historians like Mr. Taylor Stoermer, professor at Johns Hopkins University and former Chief Historian of Colonial Williamsburg, to why the spies broke barriers. C-SPAN’s Mr. -
The British Occupation of Southern New York During the American Revolution and the Failure to Restore Civilian Government
Syracuse University SURFACE Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public History - Dissertations Affairs 5-2013 The British Occupation of Southern New York during the American Revolution and the Failure to Restore Civilian Government Frank Paul Mann Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/hst_etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Mann, Frank Paul, "The British Occupation of Southern New York during the American Revolution and the Failure to Restore Civilian Government" (2013). History - Dissertations. 100. https://surface.syr.edu/hst_etd/100 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in History - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract A decade of political unrest over the question of parliamentary taxation resulted in the development of an alternate political structure of committees and congresses in the province of New York. By 1776, a revolutionary government led by the Provincial Congress controlled the province. Upon learning of the Declaration of Independence, the New York Provincial Congress declared independence from the British. Within months of this declaration, southern New York was occupied by British troops, and remained under British control for the duration of the Revolutionary War. The area was under martial law for the duration. Britain’s loss of the Saratoga Campaign brought French entry into the war, and a major strategic reassessment as the American colonies became to the British but one front—and not even the most important—in a world war with France (and later others). -
The Culper Spy Ring
American Revolution & Colonial Life Programs Pre and Post Lesson Plans & Activities The Culper Spy Ring One of the most successful spy operations on either side of the war was the Culper Spy Ring. The Spy Ring was created by George Washington to obtain intelligence about the British. Benjamin Tallmadge was key in creating the spy ring. Tallmadge became General George Washington’s chief intelligence officer, rising the rank of Colonel. The "Culper" name was suggested by Washington, inspired by Culpeper County, Virginia. Tallmadge identified childhood friends from Setauket. Many of them lived within a mile of each other and grew up together. He recruited them to take part in the spy ring, including Caleb Brewster, Abraham Woodhull, Austin Roe, and Nancy Strong. Caleb Brewster was an experienced sailor who could expertly navigate a whaleboat across Long Island Sound, an 18 mile journey. He knew all of the coves and shoreline of Setauket in Long Island. Privateers were akin to pirates, but were sanctioned by Connecticut. They were constantly making raids, spying and capturing enemy ships on Long Island Sound – this is why the Sound was called The Devil’s Belt. Patriots attacked, captured and sabotaged British ships – and vice versa. Privateers who were Loyalists from Long Island would come to Connecticut and kidnap people to hand over to the British - officers were highly valuable. Members gathered information about British forces headquartered in New York City and passed it on to Washington at his headquarters. To ensure their safety, they used elaborate codes, invisible ink, and fake names. Although the British knew that there was information being passed through Long Island, no one in the Culper Spy Ring was ever arrested.