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The Spies That Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage
Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2020 Apr 27th, 9:00 AM - 10:00 AM The Spies that Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage Masaki Lew Clackamas High School Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the History Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Lew, Masaki, "The Spies that Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage" (2020). Young Historians Conference. 19. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2020/papers/19 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Spies that Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage Masaki Lew Humanities Western Civilization 102 March 16, 2020 1 Continental Spy Nathan Hale, standing below the gallows, spoke to his British captors with nothing less than unequivocal patriotism: “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”1 American History idolizes Hale as a hero. His bravery as the first pioneer of American espionage willing to sacrifice his life for the growing colonial sentiment against a daunting global empire vindicates this. Yet, behind Hale’s success as an operative on -
Memoir of Col. Benjamin Tallmadge the Following Excerpts Were Prepared by Col
Memoir of Col. Benjamin Tallmadge The following excerpts were prepared by Col. Benjamin Tallmadge THE SUBJECT OF THIS memoir was born at Brookhaven, on Long Island, in Suffolk county, State of New York, on the 25th of February, 1754. His father, the Rev. Benjamin Tallmadge, was the settle minister of that place, having married Miss Susannah Smith, the daughter of the Rev. John Smith, of White Plains, Westchester county, and State of New York, on the 16th of May, 1750. I remember my grandparents very well, having visited them often when I was young. Of their pedigree I know but little, but have heard my grandfather Tallmadge say that his father, with a brother, left England together, and came tot his country, one settling at East Hampton, on Long Island, and the other at Branford, in Connecticut. My father descended from the latter stock. My father was born at New Haven, in this State, January 1st, 1725, and graduated at Yale College, in the year 1747, and was ordained at Brookhaven, or Setauket, in the year 1753, where he remained during his life. He died at the same place on the 5th of February, 1786. My mother died April 21st, 1768, leaving the following children, viz.: William Tallmadge, born October 17, 1752, died in the British prison , 1776. Benjamin Tallmadge, born February 25, 1754, who writes this memoranda. Samuel Tallmadge, born November 23, 1755, died April 1, 1825. John Tallmadge, born September 19, 1757, died February 24, 1823. Isaac Tallmadge, born February 25, 1762. My honored father married, for his second wife, Miss Zipporah Strong, January 3rd, 1770, by whom he had no children. -
Special Thank You to Local Historian Beverly Tyler. More Information Can Be Found at Spyring.Emmaclark.Org
October 7, 1750 – Abraham Woodhull (alias “Samuel Culper, Sr.”), leading member of the Culper Spy Ring, was born in Setauket. November 25, 1753 – Robert Townsend (alias “Samuel February 25, 1754 – Benjamin Culper, Jr.”), member of the Tallmadge was born in Setauket. Culper Spy Ring, was born in Only surviving Oyster Bay. Tallmadge was the organizer and portrait of Robert leader of the Revolutionary War Townsend Setauket Spies, and son of the minister of the Setauket Presbyterian Church. April 1775 – American Revolution begins (Gunfire July 4, 1776 – Declaration of at Lexington and Concord in Independence approved. The Massachusetts was famously thirteen American colonies declare described as "the shot heard themselves no longer under round the world.”) British rule. Summer of 1778 – Benjamin Tallmadge, under orders from August 25, 1778 – Washington General Washington, established a wrote to Tallmadge, agreeing to chain of American spies on Long his choice of Abraham Woodhull Island and in New York City. as spy leader in Setauket, the point at which correspondence would cross April 1779 – Washington the Sound from Long Island to Connecticut. forwarded a vial of invisible ink to Woodhull in response 1780 – Culper Spy Ring uncovered to his concern that his letters might be information that prevented the intercepted, leading to his discovery. British from attacking the French fleet when they arrived in Newport, May 4, 1780 – as noted by Woodhull in a RI. and led to the detection of letter, Robert Townsend decided to resign Benedict Arnold’s treason. because he felt it was only a matter of time until he was uncovered. -
Coventry Birthplace of Nathan Hale
Historic Coventry is the gateway to Northeast Connecti- In its aim to cherish history, This town is ideal for all ages. Patriots cut’s Quiet Corner. Spread over 37 square miles of Coventry honors its heroes. Park and Lake Wangumbaug are family Welcome woods and old farmlands, our town of 12,500 offers The Vietnam Veteran’s favorites. Patriot’s Park on Lake Street historic sites, farms, antique and specialty shops, public Memorial located on the is an excellent area for retreats and beaches, delicious restaurants, cozy bed-and-breakfast Veteran’s Memorial Green family events, with a guarded beach for to inns, a state boat launch, and an acclaimed farmers’ mar- on Lake Street, honors the swimming, playground, picnic area, ket. 612 Connecticut military personnel who gave their life Community Center and band shell for during the conflict. summer concerts. Lake Wangumbaug Coventry, incorporated in is a popular destination for fishing, Coventry 1712, boasts a wealth of his- History goes hand-in-hand boating, and water sports. Visitors and tory that is rooted in the hero- with agriculture in Coventry. residents can soak up the sunshine outdoors at Coventry’s ic life and death of Connecti- The plethora of farms and two 18-hole golf courses or the several walking trails cut’s state hero, Nathan Hale. local businesses highlight throughout town. His patriotism during the Coventry’s agricultural herit- American Revolution is cele- age. From the locally- brated at several events held throughout the year at Hale produced wines at Cassidy Homestead, the birthplace of Nathan Hale. The Hale For more information on Coventry Homestead, built in 1776, is now an operating museum Hill Vineyard to the organic herbs at Topmost Herb Farm, and its surrounding region, stop by educating visitors from near and far about the famous Coventry covers it all. -
New York Genealogical and Biographical Record, Vol 21
K<^' ^ V*^'\^^^ '\'*'^^*/ \'^^-\^^^'^ V' ar* ^ ^^» "w^^^O^o a • <L^ (r> ***^^^>^^* '^ "h. ' ^./ ^^0^ Digitized by the internet Archive > ,/- in 2008 with funding from ' A^' ^^ *: '^^'& : The Library of Congress r^ .-?,'^ httpy/www.archive.org/details/pewyorkgepealog21 newy THE NEW YORK Genealogical\nd Biographical Record. DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF AMERICAN GENEALOGY AND BIOGRAPHY. ISSUED QUARTERLY. VOLUME XXL, 1890. 868; PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY, Berkeley Lyceuim, No. 23 West 44TH Street, NEW YORK CITY. 4125 PUBLICATION COMMITTEE: Rev. BEVERLEY R. BETTS, Chairman. Dr. SAMUEL S. PURPLE.. Gen. JAS. GRANT WILSON. Mr. THOS. G. EVANS. Mr. EDWARD F. DE LANCEY. Mr. WILLL\M P. ROBINSON. Press of J. J. Little & Co., Astor Place, New York. INDEX OF SUBJECTS. Albany and New York Records, 170. Baird, Charles W., Sketch of, 147. Bidwell, Marshal] S., Memoir of, i. Brookhaven Epitaphs, 63. Cleveland, Edmund J. Captain Alexander Forbes and his Descendants, 159. Crispell Family, 83. De Lancey, Edward F. Memoir of Marshall S. Bidwell, i. De Witt Family, 185. Dyckman Burial Ground, 81. Edsall, Thomas H. Inscriptions from the Dyckman Burial Ground, 81. Evans, Thomas G. The Crispell Family, 83. The De Witt Family, 185. Fernow, Berlhold. Albany and New York Records, 170 Fishkill and its Ancient Church, 52. Forbes, Alexander, 159. Heermans Family, 58. Herbert and Morgan Records, 40. Hoes, R. R. The Negro Plot of 1712, 162. Hopkins, Woolsey R Two Old New York Houses, 168. Inscriptions from Morgan Manor, N. J. , 112. John Hart, the Signer, 36. John Patterson, by William Henry Lee, 99. Jones, William Alfred. The East in New York, 43. Kelby, William. -
Benjamin Tallmadge Trail Guide.P65
Suffolk County Council, BSA The Benjamin Tallmadge Historic Trail Suffolk County Council, BSA Brookhaven, New York The starting point of this Trail is the Town of Brookhaven parking lot at Cedar Beach just off Harbor Beach Road in Mount Sinai, NY. Hikers can be safely dropped off at this loca- tion. 90% of this trail follows Town roadways which closely approximate the original route that Benjamin Tallmadge and his contingent of Light Dragoons took from Mount Sinai to the Manor of St. George in Mastic. Extreme CAUTION needs to be observed on certain heavily traveled roads. Some Town roads have little or no shoulders at all. Most roads do not have sidewalks. Scouts should hike in a single line fashion facing the oncoming traffic. They should be dressed in their Field Uniforms or brightly colored Class “B” shirt. This Trail should only be hiked in the daytime hours. Since this 21 mile long Trail is designed to be hiked over a two day period, certain pre- arrangements must be made. The overnight camping stay can be done at Cathedral Pines County Park in Middle Island. Applications must be obtained and submitted to the Suffolk County Parks Department. On Day 2, the trail veers off Smith Road in Shirley onto a ser- vice access road inside the Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge for about a mile before returning to the neighborhood roads. As a courtesy, the Wertheim Refuge would like a letter three weeks in advance informing them that you will be hiking on their property. There are no water sources along this hike so make sure you pack enough. -
I Spy Activity Sheet
Annaʻs Adventures I Spy Decipher the Cipher! You are a member of the Culper Ring, an espionage organization from the Revoutionary War. Practice your ciphering skills by decoding the inspiring words of a famous patriot. G Use these keys to decipher the code above. As you can see, the key is made up of two diagrams with letters inside. To decode the message, match the coded symbols above to the letters in the key. If the symbol has no dot, use the first letter in the key. If the symbol has a dot, use the second letter. A B C D E F S T G H I J K L Y Z U V W X M N O P Q R For example, look at the first symbol of the code. The highlighted portion of the key has the same shape as the first symbol. That shape has two letters in it, a “G” and an “H”. The first symbol in the code has no dot, so it must stand for the letter “G”. When you’re done decoding the message, try using the key to write messages of your own! Did You Know? Spying was a dangerous business! Nathan Hale, a spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolution, was executed by the British on September 22, 1776. It was then that he uttered his famous last words: “I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country.” © Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation • P.O. Box 1607, Williamsburg, VA 23187 June 2015 Annaʻs Adventures I Spy Un-Mask a Secret! A spy gave you the secret message below. -
A Counterintelligence Reader, Volume 1, Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1 The American Revolution and the Post-Revolutionary Era: A Historical Legacy Introduction From 1774 to 1783, the British government and its upstart American colony became locked in an increasingly bitter struggle as the Americans moved from violent protest over British colonial policies to independence As this scenario developed, intelligence and counterintelligence played important roles in Americas fight for freedom and British efforts to save its empire It is apparent that British General Thomas Gage, commander of the British forces in North America since 1763, had good intelligence on the growing rebel movement in the Massachusetts colony prior to the Battles of Lexington and Concord His highest paid spy, Dr Benjamin Church, sat in the inner circle of the small group of men plotting against the British Gage failed miserably, however, in the covert action and counterintelligence fields Gages successor, General Howe, shunned the use of intelligence assets, which impacted significantly on the British efforts General Clinton, who replaced Howe, built an admirable espionage network but by then it was too late to prevent the American colonies from achieving their independence On the other hand, George Washington was a first class intelligence officer who placed great reliance on intelligence and kept a very personal hand on his intelligence operations Washington also made excellent use of offensive counterintelligence operations but never created a unit or organization to conduct defensive counterintelligence or to coordinate its -
The Culper Ring
ACTIVITY 2 REPRODUCIBLE MASTER THE CULPER RING or generations, history books have taught us that Nathan Hale was America’s first spy during the Revolutionary War, which is why his statue stands outside CIA headquarters. But, as AMC’s TURN: FWashington’s Spies reveals, there was actually a wide network of spies providing General George Washington with secret intelligence throughout the war. Unlike the eloquent Hale, however, these spies were never caught, so their identities have remained largely unknown and rarely acknowledged in history books. The Culper Ring was a group of childhood friends who were dedicated to the Patriot DISCOVERY cause and able to collect and disseminate Here is some background on Washington’s espionage operation intelligence that ultimately helped the Patriots and the members of the Culper Ring featured in AMC’s TURN: win the war. The majority of intelligence Washington’s Spies. Research the following individuals and their approach to espionage. collected by the group was about the Abraham Woodhull – A young farmer from movements of British troops and their plans for Setauket, Long Island, who concealed his New York and the surrounding area. Perhaps identity with the name Samuel Culper, Woodhull ran the group’s daily business. He frequently their most notable accomplishment was the traveled between New York and Long Island in interception of treasonous correspondence order to collect information. In TURN, Woodhull between Britain’s intelligence officer John finds himself conflicted by his loyalty to his father, Andre and Major General Benedict Arnold of a Tory, and his dedication to the Patriot cause. General George Washington’s army. -
General George Washington Page 74-75
Excerpts from 1776 By David McCullough Perseverance and spirit have done wonders in all ages -. General George Washington Page 74-75. Mentions of Thomas Knowlton and the Knowlton Rangers . Boston having no theater, Faneuil Hall, sacred to Boston patriots as “the cradle of liberty,” as converted on General Howe’s wish into a “very elegant playhouse” for amateur productions of Shakespeare and original farces, with officers and favored Loyalists taking parts. Sally Flucker, the sister of Henry Knox’s wife, Lucy Flucker, for example, took a lead part in a production of Maid of the Oaks , a satire by General Burgoyne. On the evening of January 8, uniformed officers and their ladies packed Faneuil Hall for what was expected to be the event of the season, a performance of a musical farce said also to have been written by Burgoyne. Titled The Blockade; it was off to a rollicking start from the moment the curtain rose. A ridiculous figure, supposed to be George Washington, stumbled on stage wearing an oversized wig and dragging a rusty sword. At the same moment, across the bay, Connecticut soldiers led by Major Thomas Knowlton launched a surprise attack on Charlestown, and the British responded with a thunderous cannon barrage. With the roar of the guns, which the audience at Faneuil Hall took to be part of the show, another comic figure, a Yankee sergeant in farmer garb, rushed on stage to say the rebels were “at it tooth and nail over Charlestown.” The audience roared with laughter and “clapped prodigiously,” sure that this, too, was part of the fun. -
Spies in the Archive: Acquiring Revolutionary War Spy Letters Through Community Engagement
Kristen J. Nyitray and Sally Stieglitz* Spies in the Archive: Acquiring Revolutionary War Spy Letters Through Community Engagement Introduction Special Collections, a division of Stony Brook University Libraries (SBU Libraries), acquired at auction two American Revolutionary War–era spy letters authored by George Washington. Significant to regional and national historical narratives, the letters document espionage activities in the Three Village area of Long Island, New York, the site of an important war effort known as the Culper Spy Ring. The letters were obtained through a collaborative acquisition project established in the months preceding the first auction. A private-public partnership was initially formed to secure funding. Next, mindful of the spy ring’s strong link to community identity, li- brary representatives cultivated relationships with local cultural institutions to foster inclusiveness. Key to the process was articulating and reaffirming the shared goals to repatriate the letters, conserve them, and make them accessible at the university. A review of library and higher education literature on collaborative acquisitions and on engagement as an impetus for acquisition revealed a lack of documentation. The article aims to address this gap by discussing how engagement activities began at the outset of an acquisition and how this novel approach led Special Collections to unique opportunities for outreach and a renewed focus for library collections. It also will reflect on the lessons learned and outcomes of the project, which may be instructive to institutions seeking to expand the reach of their collections. About the Institution Stony Brook University Founded in 1957, Stony Brook University (SBU) is a public research university situated on the north shore of Long Island, approximately sixty miles east of New York City. -
NATHAN HALE: Patriot Spy
NATHAN HALE: Patriot Spy Head Qrs New York Island, Sept. 22d: 1776 Parole, London Count: Great Britain “A spy from the Enemy (by his own full confession) apprehended last night, was this day Executed at 11 o’clock in front of the Artillery Park.” Official British Report on the execution of Nathan Hale Start/Finish: Nathan Hale Homestead, Coventry, Connecticut Distance: 95.8 miles Terrain: Mostly country roads with some busier sections Difficulty: Moderate with some hills In April 1775 the men in New London began melting down pewter plates to make bullets. The British had attacked Americans at Concord and Lexington and Connecticut Patriots wanted to rush to Massachusetts to join the fight. Of course, New London itself was vulnerable to British attack from Long Island Sound; locals moved cannons into town. The new schoolmaster, a 20-year-old Yale College graduate named Nathan Hale, also wanted to head north but had to complete the school year. Tall, athletic, well-mannered, and beloved by his students for what one described as his “tact and amiability,” Hale enjoyed his job and life in New London and had hoped to make a long-term career there as a teacher. But by July he sent in his letter of resignation, stating, “At present there seems to be an opportunity for more extended public service.” He joined the 7th Connecticut regiment as a lieutenant and soon found himself in Boston and then New York. Up to this point, in nearly every way except his education, Hale was like thousands of young men caught up in the American Revolution.