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Chilean Jack Mackerel Fishery Improvement Project Archive Date: October 2013

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Chilean Jack Mackerel Fishery Improvement Project Archive Date: October 2013 Chilean Jack Mackerel Fishery Improvement Project Archive Date: October 2013 The Chilean Jack Mackerel FIP was transitioned from SFP to CeDePesca in October 2013; the following FIP report reflects the status of the FIP at the time of transition. The project was later reclassified as a CeDePesca Improvement Project (CIP) because it did not meet the criteria for a basic FIP. The current CIP public report can be found on CeDePesca’s website, here. Name of Species: Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) FIP Scope/Scale: Fishery level Fishery Location: for map see Chilean jack mackerel FIP Participants: CeDePesca SONAPESCA (Chile’s National Fishing Society) SNP (Peruvian National Society of Fisheries) FIP Stakeholders: SPRFMO (South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization) Sustainability Information: See Summary and Sustainability Info tabs at Chilean jack mackerel Date Publicly Announced: 2010 FIP Stage: 5, FIP is delivering improvement in the water Current Improvement Recommendations: • Accomplish all South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization (SPRFMO) interim measures relating to reducing fishing mortality and catch reporting • Conduct research to clarify identification of Chilean jack mackerel stocks • Minimize juvenile portion of catches in both national and international jurisdictions. Background: This fishery, of extreme ecological importance for the Southern Pacific, collapsed in 2008. Historically, Chile has accounted for 80 percent of total landings, reaching around 4 million tonnes in the 1990s, but 2011 landings decreased dramatically, by 75 percent to about 500,000 tonnes. This stock presently straddles international as well as Chilean and Peruvian waters. Recently, a combination of depletion and migratory phenomena, not yet well understood, have given more importance to the international waters fishery, where new and returning players operating pelagic trawlers under the flags of China, Vanuatu, the EU, Faroe Islands, South Korea, Belize, and Russia have been competing with Chilean and Peruvian traditional purse- seiners. Asian and European companies are also operating trawlers under the Peruvian flag. Fisheries Market: Chile used to have this fishery mostly as a source for fishmeal and fish oil production, with primary markets in China and Europe. Peru sends fresh Chilean jack mackerel to local markets and exports canned products to other markets. The international waters fishery produces frozen fish for African markets. Chile also has entered this market since the TAC is too small for successful business supplying fishmeal. SFP has developed many contacts at the supply chain level, including with European and Asian companies participating in the fishery. Several aquaculture feed producers in Europe have expressed interest in encouraging a FIP focused on this resource. As a result, SFP has been in contact with companies from the EU and Asia to increase leverage for sustainability, and CeDePesca (a South American NGO associated with SFP on this FIP) continues to hold meetings with local players in Latin America and other catchers´ countries. The beginning of the FIP: Exploratory work and outreach to the industry and stakeholders was conducted in 2008. In 2009, a South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) was formed to address issues in international waters. SFP participated at one of the RFMO meetings, and CeDePesca has participated in the most recent ones, held in Colombia, Chile, and New Zealand. Prior to the 2012 ratification of the RFMO, interim and voluntary measures were adopted to register and limit fishing efforts and catches, and to try to deter new fishers in the fishery. However, these encouraging steps have been insufficient to recover the stock. Unlike at the meeting in Colombia, all members at the last preparatory conference in Chile adhered to the interim measures, over-reporting noticeably decreased, and members reached a decision not to include landings from 2011 onward in future quota allocations (proposed by CeDePesca) in order to help slow the “race for fish.” Key issues: • Stock has collapsed and reproductive biomass has been well under its limit reference point (around 5%), though a slight recovery has taken place since 2010. • A “race for over-reporting” threatened accuracy of science and management measures. • The fishery has developed in waters beyond national jurisdictions, with Asian and European companies acting as the main players. • RFMO interim measures clearly have been insufficient for the recovery of the stock and new binding measures adopted by the Commission have yet not been evaluated. • Spawning season closure (at least November through December) and juveniles protection should be required. • Additional compliance and enforcement measures should be put in place. FIP Objectives: • Improve the scientific advice process, establishing limit and target reference points as well as a harvest strategy • Establish international and national Management Plans with clear short- and long-term objectives, with decision rules to put the harvest strategy in practice • Clarify the stock(s) structure for Chilean jack mackerel in order to have more effective management Progress Update: 2010 For 2011, Chile agreed to drastically cut its historical total allowable catch (TAC) by 76 percent to 315,000 tonnes, (approximately 40% of 2010 landings). 2011 The RFMO second preparatory conference in 2011 adopted some measures to prevent companies located in Peru, Russia, and China from over-reporting in order to be in better position for negotiations when future quotas are allocated. At the third preparatory conference, over-reporting decreased notably and participants discussed deleting 2010 over-reporting from the records. In addition, transparency on information is much improved in Chile and Peru. Although China, the Faroe Islands, and South Korea did not support curtailment of catches in 2011, China finally harvested 50 percent of the 2010 level in 2011, and the Faroe Islands didn’t issue licenses for Chilean jack mackerel throughout 2011. A new joint stock assessment meeting was held in September 2011 and no new trends have been detected since then. The new interim measures appear to be aligned with scientific recommendations, but the uncertainty about accomplishments is high. Some NGOs discussed eventual support for a moratorium in international waters in 2013 if the scientific report doesn’t show proportional progress in the recovery of the stock, and CeDePesca proposed this as a motion to be discussed at the World Conservation Congress to be held in Jeju (South Korea) in September 2012. Given the lack of recovery, the Chilean National Fisheries Council approved a new curtailment to 252,000 tonnes for 2012. 2012 January – March After Chile’s unilateral reduction, participants at the third preparatory conference of the South Pacific RFMO in Colombia made important efforts to try to recover the stock. This discussion included active participation from CeDePesca and key help from SFP regarding European players. While a general cut of 40 percent was approved and voluntarilyadopted by each country in 2010, this reduction was increased to 60 percent for 2012. All the countries already involved in the fishery supported this measure. Furthermore, a proposal from CeDePesca, formally introduced at the conference by Vanuatu, was approved stating that catches from 2011 onwards will not be considered as part of national quota allocations when the SPRFMO becomes binding. This measure provides a disincentive for vessels operating with the sole goal of reinforcing future negotiation positions at a cost of negative profit. Unlike in 2011, China, the Faroe Islands, and South Korea supported the 2012 interim measures in their entirety. For the first quarter of 2012, the Chinese fleet operating on Chilean jack mackerel was reduced from five to three vessels, while the EU and Faroe fleet are not participating in the fishery in 2012. April – June In June 2012, Chile defined 40,000 tonnes of Chilean jack mackerel as bycatch of the anchovy fishery in the northern boundary of the country following scientific advice from IFOP (Instituto de Fomento Pesquero – Institute of Fisheries Development). This amount is included within the TAC approved in December 2011 (252,000 tonnes), which at the time exceeded the scientific recommendation by 40 percent, although still 24 percent lower than in 2011. July – September Chile ratified the SPRFMO agreement and the regional fisheries management (RFMO) organization entered into a binding agreement, making management measures mandatory for every Member State. The first formal session of the RFMO Commission was planned for January 2013 in Auckland. In August 2012, members of CeDePesca visited the Peruvian National Congress and, at a meeting with the Production Commission, discussed the need for Peru to promptly join the RFMO in order to participate on equal basis. In August 2012, a meeting between CeDePesca, representatives of Peruvian National Society of Fisheries (SNP), and IMARPE was held at SNP headquarters to discuss CeDePesca’s proposals, the need for reinforcing the scientific work, and the importance of Peru being a full member of the SPRFMO. In September 2012, high seas fishing companies revealed a failure of harvests (information not yet added to the SPRFMO site), and that the fleets were withdrawn from fishing grounds very early in the season. Harvests in Chile and Peru were similar to the levels of 2011 (214 and 166 thousand
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