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Mendel Verlag Schriftenreihe Des Europäischen Forums Für Außenwirtschaft, Verbrauchsteuern Und Zoll E.V

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Mendel Verlag Schriftenreihe Des Europäischen Forums Für Außenwirtschaft, Verbrauchsteuern Und Zoll E.V Mendel Verlag Schriftenreihe des Europäischen Forums für Außenwirtschaft, Verbrauchsteuern und Zoll e.V. an der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster Band 31 Der zugelassene Wirtschaftsbeteiligte – Entwicklung und Ergebnis des Rechtsetzungsprozesses – Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Rechte durch die Rechtswissenschaftliche Fakultät der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster vorgelegt von Julia Maren Natzel aus Marl 2007 Mendel Verlag D 6 Mendel Verlag GmbH & Co. KG Gerichtsstraße 42, D-58452 Witten Telefon +49 2302 202930 Fax +49 2302 2029311 E-Mail [email protected] Internet www.mendel-verlag.de ISBN: 978-3-930670-58-1 Alle Angaben ohne Gewähr. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Vervielfältigungen jeglicher Art sind nur nach Genehmigung durch den Verlag erlaubt. Herausgeber: Europäisches Forum für Außenwirtschaft, Verbrauchsteuern und Zoll e.V., Universitätsstr. 14-16, D-48143 Münster, E-Mail: [email protected] Gestaltung: KJM GmbH Werbeagentur, Hafenweg 22, D-48155 Münster, Internet: www.KJM.de © 2007 by Mendel Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, D-58452 Witten Meinen Eltern Vorwort Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Sommersemester 2007 von der Rechtswis- senschaftlichen Fakultät der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität in Münster als Dissertation angenommen. Literatur und Rechtsprechung wurden bis Mai 2007 berücksichtigt. Mein besonderer Dank gilt meinem Doktorvater, Herrn Professor Dr. Hans- Michael Wolffgang, der mir die Anregung zur Themenwahl gab und die Ar- beit durch seine umfassende fachliche Betreuung, die Vermittlung wertvoller Kontakte zu internationalen Organisationen sowie meine Beschäftigung am Institut für Steuerrecht entscheidend förderte. Bedanken möchte ich mich ferner bei Herrn Privatdozent Dr. Christian Jahndorf für die zügige Erstel- lung des Zweitgutachtens. Ebenfalls bedanken möchte ich mich bei Frau Dr. Susanne Aigner sowie Herrn Michael Meyer von der EU-Kommission, Generaldirektion Steuern und Zollunion, für die stete Bereitstellung aktueller Informationen über Stand und Hintergründe des Rechtsetzungsprozesses. Schließlich möchte ich mich ganz herzlich bei meinen Eltern bedanken für ihre uneingeschränkte Unterstützung und fortwährende Förderung meiner Ausbildung. Diese sowie die wiederholte Durchsicht trugen entscheidend zum Gelingen dieser Arbeit bei. Münster, im Mai 2007 Julia Maren Natzel VII Inhaltsübersicht Seite Widmung ....................................................................................................... V Vorwort ........................................................................................................VII Inhaltsverzeichnis .........................................................................................XI Abkürzungsverzeichnis .......................................................................... XXXI Teil 1: Einführung................................................................................ 1 A. Einleitung..............................................................................................1 B. Regelungsbedürfnis .............................................................................2 C. Lösungsansatz ......................................................................................7 D. Gang der Untersuchung ......................................................................8 Teil 2: Regelungskonzepte außerhalb der EU..................................11 A. Programme in Drittstaaten............................................................... 11 B. Regelungen der Weltzollorganisation (WCO).................................15 Teil 3: Modell der EG – Der zugelassene Wirtschaftsbeteiligte .... 23 A. Rechtsquellen .....................................................................................23 B. Zulassungsarten .................................................................................82 C. Exkurs: Bisherige Zollvereinfachungen und Sicherheits- erleichterungen...................................................................................83 D. Materielle Bewilligungsvoraussetzungen.........................................88 E. Formelle Bewilligungsvoraussetzung: Antrag ..............................210 F. Bewilligungsverfahren.....................................................................219 G. Die ZWB-Bewilligung......................................................................246 H. Vorteile des ZWB-Status .................................................................275 IX Inhaltsübersicht I. Aufhebung der ZWB-Bewilligung..................................................312 J. Rechtsschutz.....................................................................................336 K. Staatshaftung....................................................................................371 Teil 4: Das EG-Modell im internationalen Kontext ..................... 401 A. Vergleich des EG-Modells mit den Regelungskonzepten anderer Staaten ................................................................................401 B. Erfüllung der WCO-Vorgaben .......................................................409 C. Einbindung von Drittstaaten ..........................................................420 Anhang 1 - 10 Entwurfsfassungen der Verordnung zur Änderung der Durchführungsverordnung zum Zollkodex (in Auszügen) ........ 429 Literaturverzeichnis ........................................................................ 573 X Inhaltsverzeichnis Seite Widmung ....................................................................................................... V Vorwort ........................................................................................................VII Inhaltsübersicht.............................................................................................IX Abkürzungsverzeichnis .......................................................................... XXXI Teil 1: Einführung................................................................................ 1 A. Einleitung.............................................................................................. 1 B. Regelungsbedürfnis ............................................................................. 2 I. Erhöhung der Sicherheit ........................................................................ 2 II. Erleichterung des rechtmäßigen Handels .............................................. 6 III. Anpassung an die veränderten Rahmenbedingungen............................ 6 C. Lösungsansatz ...................................................................................... 7 D. Gang der Untersuchung ...................................................................... 8 Teil 2: Regelungskonzepte außerhalb der EU..................................11 A. Programme in Drittstaaten ............................................................... 11 I. Australien............................................................................................. 11 1. Frontline..............................................................................................11 2. Accredited Client Program .................................................................12 II. Neuseeland........................................................................................... 12 III. Schweden ............................................................................................. 12 1. Stairway ..............................................................................................12 2. Stairsec................................................................................................12 IV. USA...................................................................................................... 13 1. Container Security Initiative (CSI) .....................................................13 2. Customs Trade Partnership against Terrorism (C-TPAT)..................14 3. Free and Secure Trade Program (FAST) ............................................14 V. Kanada ................................................................................................. 14 XI Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Partners in Protection..........................................................................14 2. The Customs Self Assessment Program (CSA)..................................15 3. The Free and Secure Trade Program (FAST).....................................15 B. Regelungen der Weltzollorganisation (WCO)................................. 15 I. SAFE Framework ................................................................................ 16 1. Zweisäuliges Sicherheitskonzept........................................................16 a) Säule 1: Kooperation von Zollverwaltungen..................................... 16 b) Säule 2: Unternehmenspartnerschaften ............................................. 17 2. Verbindlichkeit ...................................................................................18 3. Fortentwicklung ..................................................................................18 II. Revidierte Kyoto Konvention.............................................................. 19 1. Standard 3.32 ......................................................................................20 2. Verbindlichkeit ...................................................................................21 Teil 3: Modell der EG – Der zugelassene Wirtschaftsbeteiligte .... 23 A. Rechtsquellen ..................................................................................... 23 I. Zollkodex (ZK)...................................................................................
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