DOCSLIB.ORG

Jurusan Sejarah Dan Peradaban Islam Fakultas Adab Dan Humaniora Uin Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jurusan Sejarah Dan Peradaban Islam Fakultas Adab Dan Humaniora Uin Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta SKRIPSI MUSLIM TIONGHOA: STUDI ANALISIS TERHADAP PROBLEMATIKA POLITIK PADA MASA ORDE BARU DI JAKARTA (1967-1998) Skripsi ini Diajukan untuk memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Strata Satu (S I) ••• IlllllllIIIIIIIIilIo. UIII Universitas Islam Negeri SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA Oleh Rizki Amalia k!:lsifikasi : - .._.. , JURUSAN SEJARAH DAN PERADABAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2009 MUSLIM TIONGHOA: STUDI ANALISIS PROBLEMATIKA POLITIK MUSLIM TIONGHOA PADA MASA ORDE BARU (1967-1998) SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora Untuk mCl11enuhi persyaratan l11emperoleh Gelar Smjana HUl11aniora (S.Hum) Oleh: Rizki Amalia NIM: 105022000851 Pembimbing Prof. Dr. M. Dien Madjid NIP: 19490706 1971091 001 PROGRAM STUDI SEJARAH DAN PERADABAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA DIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2009 PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN Skripsi beljudul "MUSLIM TlONGHOA: STUDI ANALISIS TERHADAP PROBLEMATIKA POLITIK MUSLIM TlONGHOA PADA MASA ORDE BARU (1967-1998)", telah diujikan dalam sidang munaqasyah Fakultas Adab dan Humanlora UIN SyarifHidayatullah Jakarta pada 26 November 2009. Skripsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Humaniora (S.Hum) pada Program Studi Sejarah dan peradaban Islam. Jakarta, 26 Novermber 2009 Sidang Munaqasyah Ketua Merangkap Anggota Sekretaris Merangkap Anggota Drs. H. M. Ma'rufMisbah. MA Usep Abdul Matin. S.Ag.• MA.. MA NIP: 19680807 199803 1 002 Nt!>. 1{fS'[J/~:z:1. 1891031 DD?> Anggota Penguji Pembimbing ABSTRAKSI "MUSLIM TIONGHOA: STUDI ANALISIS TERHADAP PROBLEMATIKA POLITIK DAN MUSLIM TIONGHOA PADA MASA ORDE BARU (1976-1998)" Skripsi ini menganalisis problematika politik muslim Tionghoa pada masa Orde Barn di Jakarta (1967-1998). Skripsi ini menjawab sebuah pertanyaan besar dan beberapa pertanyaan kecil sebagai pelengkap instrument dari pertanyaan besar. Pertanyaan besar: Mengapa muslim Tionghoa pada masa Orde Baru tidak dapat berpartisipasi dalam bidang politik? Apakah benar muslim Tionghoa didiskriminasikan dalam hak berpolitik pada masa Orde Bam? Pertanyaan minor: bagaimana problematika politik muslim Tionghoa pada masa Orde Baru? Faktor­ faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan terjadinya problematika politik muslim Tionghoa pada masa Orde Baru? Sejauh mana keterlibatan muslim Tionghoa dalam sektor politik pada masa Orde Baru? Langkah-Iangkah apa saja yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah dalam mengatasi problematika politik muslim Tionghoa? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan besar dan pertanyaan minor, penulis melakukan wawancara dengan pihak dari muslim Tionghoa dan masyarakat pribumi. Wawancara ini merupakan tambahan dari penelitian kepustakaan yang penulis lakukan. Adapun teknis penulisan skripsi ini, termasuk tatacara membuat catatan kaki, penulis menggunakan buku pedoman penulisan karya ilmiah (skripsi, tesis, dan disertasi) CeQDA UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 1 I Hamid Nasuhi, dkk., Pedoman Penulisan KOIya I/miah (Skripsi. Tesis, dan Disertasi) KATA PENGANTAR Tiada kata yang patut penulis lafazkan selain puji syukur kehadirat Allah S.W.T yang telah memberi berbagai macam nikmat, kesempatan serta kekuatan semngga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Shalawat serta salam semoga tercurah kepada Nabi Muhammad S.A.W berserta keluarga dan para sahabat yang telah membaca perubahan bagi peradaban manusia. Perubahan dari zaman kegelapan menjadi zaman terang benderang dengan adanya cahaya Islam. Penulisan skripsi ini merupakan syarat dalamjurusan Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta dengan segala daya dan upaya penulis berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk menyusun sebuah skripsi yang terbaik. Namun, sudah menjadi kelaziman bahwa "tak ada gading yang retak", dan begitulah pada akhimya skripsi ini dihasilkan dengan segala kekurangannya. Penulis menyadari bahwa karya ini masih jauh dari sisi idealnya oleh karenanya, penulis berharap akan muneul kritik, saran maupun komentar dari berbagai pihak untuk lebih menyempurkan segala kekurangan dari karya ini. Terselesaikan skripsi ini tidak lepas dari dukungan berbagai pihak yang telah memberikan petunjuk serta motivasi dalam penulisan karya ini. Oleh karena itu sudah pada tempatnyalah penulis mengahnturkan rasa hormat yang setinggi. tingginya. Ueapan terima kasih yang tidak tertingga pada: Kedua orang tua, Adik· adik penulis , Dr. Abdul Chair, M.A selaku dekan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, Prof. Dr. M. Dien Madjid selaku pembimbing, Drs. H. M. Ma'ruf Misbah.M.A selaku Ketua Jurusan Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Usep Abdul Matin S.Ag.,M.A., Hartirnah. M.A selaku dosen pernbirnbing Akadernik, Awalia Rahma, M.A selaku dosen yang rnernberikan rnasukan-rnasukan terkait penulisan skripsi, Drs. Saidun Derani selaku dosen seminar skripsi, pernirnpin dan staf dari perpustakaan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, perpustakaan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, perpustakaan Nasional, perpustakaan Universitas Indonesia, perpustakaan PITI (Persatuan Islam Tionghoa Indonesia), perpustakaan LP3ES (Lernbaga Penelitian dan Survei Indonesia) yang telah rnernbantu penulis dalam pencarian data, Ali karirn Dei SH dan Prof. Dr. M. Ikhsan Tanggok yang bersedia rneluangkan waktu untuk wawancara dengan penulis, serta ternan-ternan SPI angkatan 2005 yang telah rnernberi rnotivasi dan rnasukan-rnasukan kepada penulis terkait penulisan skripsi ini. Jakarta, 1 Desernber 2009 Rizki Amalia DAFTARISI ABSTRAKSI . KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................... 11 DAFTAR lSI IV BABI PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah .. I B. Definisi Operasional . 10 C. Rumusan dan Batasan Masalah .. 10 D. Tujuan dan Manfaat penelitian .. II E. Metode Penelitian .. 12 F. Sistematika Penulisan .. 13 BAB II MUSLIM TIONGHOA DI INDONESIA SELAYANG PANDANG A. Awal kedatangan muslim Tionghoa ke Indonesia ............. 15 I. Muslim Tionghoa: persentuhan Tiongkok dan Indonesia 17 2. Jejak Tionghoa dalam proses Islamisasi di Jawa.......... 21 B. Kondisi umum muslim Tionghoa pada masa kolonial Belanda 26 BAB III KOLERASI MUSLIM TIONGHOA DENGAN PEMERINTAH ORDE BARU A. Gambaran masyarakat muslim Tionghoa di masa Orde Baru..................................................................................... 33 I. Hubungan muslim Tionghoa dengan pemerintah Orde Bam 34 2. Hubungan muslim Tionghoa dengan non muslim Tionghoa 38 B. Kebijakan pemerintah orde bam terhadap muslim Tionghoa ,Q 1. Politik dan kewarganegaraan 40 2. Bidang dakwah 42 C. Dampak kebijakan pemerintah Orde Barn terhadap muslim Tionghoa 44 BAB IV POSISI MUSLIM TIONGHOA PADA MASA ORDE BARU DI JAKARTA A. Problematika muslim Tionghoa.. 48 1. Status kewarganegaraan 54 2. Bidang Dakwah............................................................. 58 B. Peranan muslim Tionghoa dalam pemerintahan Orde Barn 61 1. Bidang Politik 62 2. Bidang Dakwah............................................................. 64 BAB V KESIMPULAN A. Kesimpulan ;............... 66 B. Saran 67 DAFTARPUSTAKA................................................................................ 68 LAMPIRAN A. Lampiran hasil wawancara B. Lampiran Intruksi Presiden mengenai adat istiadat,agama Tionghoa C. Keputusan Presiden mengenai sector ekonomi Tionghoa D. Piagam asimilasi E. Keputusan Persiden mengenai penambahan nama keluarga Tionghoa F. Keputusan Presiden dalam nation dan character building G. Keputusan Presiden tentang pembentukan Lembaga Pembinaan Kesatuan Bangsa H. Intruksi Presiden dalam catatan sipil untuk masyarakat Tionghoa 1. Keputusan Presiden tentang kebijakasanaan pokok yang menyangkut keturunan asing J. Struktur yayasan Haji Karim Oei L. http://www.indonesiamedia.com/2007/02/early/sejarah/hubungang.htm M. www.wikipediationghoa.com N. http://muhkholidas.blogspot.com/2008/07Iperan-katalisator-muslim­ tionghoa.html O. http://www.cityu.edu.hk/searc http://www.cityu.edu.hk/searc ./ BABI PENDAHULUAN A. Latar belakang Masalah Permasalahan yang dihadapi etnis Tionghoa khususnya muslim Tionghoa pada masa Orde Bam sangat kompleks dalam hal hak berpolitik. Hal ini dikarenakan kelanjutan masalah yang belum usai di masa Orde Lama yang kemudian memunculkan permasalahan bam di masa Orde Bam. Salah satu permasalahan yang belum usai ialah masalah hak politik dan status kewarganegaraan untuk etnis Tionghoa. Permasalahan ini juga yang akhirnya menyebabkan presiden Soeharto mengeluarkan kebijakan politik asimilasi. Kebijakan tersebut ditujukan untuk mempercepat peleburan etnis Tionghoa dan pribumi. Namun pada kenyataannya orang-orang keturunan Tionghoa oleh para anti Tionghoa malah lebih didiskriminasikan. Buktinya setelah tukar nama orang keturunan Tionghoa masih tetap dianggap "Cina".1 Selain itu pemerintah Orde Bam juga menginginkan masyarakat Tionghoa termasuk muslim Tionghoa berada di dalam sektor ekonomi. Selain itu mendukung nation dan character building yang dicanangkan pemerintah Orde Baru. Problematika muslim Tionghoa sendiri dalam hak politik tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh pemerintah, yang kemudian menjadi kendala di awal-awal masa Orde Baru. Kebijakaan ganti nama, larangan-Iarangan huruf Cina, sekolah- sekolah yang menggunakan bahasa Cina dimaksudkan agar seluruh masyarakat Tionghoa dapat membaur dengan masyarakat pribumi. Selain itu kebijakan- kebijakan seperti ini berupaya agar muslim Tionghoa menjadi warga negara 2 Indonesia seutulmya. Kebijakaan tersebut juga berdampak pada bidang dakwah muslim Tionghoa, salah satu organisasi muslim Tionghoa seperti PITI (persatuan muslim Tionghoa Indonesia) berubah menjadi Pembina Iman Tauhid Indonesia.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The May 1998 Riots and the Emergence of Chinese Indonesians: Social Movements in the Post-Soeharto Era*
    The May 1998 Riots and the Emergence of Chinese Indonesians: Social Movements in the Post-Soeharto Era* Johanes Herlijanto Lecturer, Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia I. Introduction The social movements launched by Chinese-Indonesians to struggle for recognition of their ethnic identity in post-Soeharto Indonesia should not be understood merely as a result of the collapse of the New Order authoritarian regime. On the contrary, the eagerness of Chinese Indonesians to participate in such movements should also be perceived as a changing process of their perception of their position in Indonesian society. This change in perception is most importantly related to a strategy of seeking security in a society where the ethnic Chinese often become the target of discrimination, violence and riots. This paper argues that the May 1998 riots have had an important influence on changing process of perception among Chinese Indonesians. It is after this incident that the perception which encouraged Chinese-Indonesians to struggle for the recognition of their ethnic identity as well as for the abolishment of all discrimination against them began to emerge and develop. One way to understand this is by posing questions of how the Chinese-Indonesians perceived the May 1998 tragedy and how have they constructed an alternative understanding about their position in Indonesian society. These questions will be the main focus of this paper. In dealing with these questions, this paper will discuss three important * Revised version of the paper presented at the 18th Conference of International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA), December 6-10, 2004, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Ethnic Chinese Minority in Developntent: the Indonesian Case
    Southeast Asian Studies. Vol. 25, No.3, December 1987 The Role of Ethnic Chinese Minority in Developntent: The Indonesian Case Mely G. TAN* As recent writIngs indicate, the term Introduction more commonly used today is "ethnic Chinese" to refer to the group as a Despite the manifest diversity of the whole, regardless of citizenship, cultural ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia, there orientation and social identification.2) is still the tendency among scholars The term ethnic or ethnicity, refers to focusing on this group, to treat them a socio-cultural entity. In the case of as a monolithic entity, by referring to the ethnic Chinese, it refers to a group all of them as "Chinese" or "Overseas with cultural elements recognizable as Chinese." Within the countries them­ or attributable to Chinese, while socially, selves, as In Indonesia, for instance, members of this group identify and are this tendency is apparent among the identified by others as constituting a majority population in the use of the distinct group. terms "orang Cina," "orang Tionghoa" The above definition IS III line with or even "hoakiau."D It is our conten­ the use in recent writings on this topic. tion that these terms should only be In the last ten years or so, we note a applied to those who are alien, not of revival of interest In ethnicity and mixed ancestry, and who initially do ethnic groups, due to the realization not plan to stay permanently. We also that the newly-developed as well as the submit that, what terminology and what established countries In Europe and definition is used for this group, has North America are heterogeneous socie­ important implications culturally, so­ ties with problems In the relations cially, psychologically and especially for policy considerations.
    [Show full text]
  • How Does the Introduction of the Idea of Civil Society and the Development
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RMIT Research Repository TERROR IN INDONESIA: TERRORISM AND THE REPRESENTATION OF RECENT TERRORIST ATTACKS IN THREE INDONESIAN NEWS PUBLICATIONS WITHIN A CONTEXT OF CULTURAL AND SOCIAL TRANSITION PRAYUDI AHMAD A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at RMIT University SCHOOL OF MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION COLLEGE OF DESIGN AND SOCIAL CONTEXT ROYAL MELBOURNE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA JUNE 2010 ii DECLARATION I certify that this dissertation does not incorporate without acknowledgement any material which has been submitted for an award of any other university or other institutions. To the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the dissertation. The content of the dissertation is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program. Any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged. Signed : Date : June 2010 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is the outcome of four years of doctoral research in the School of Media and Communication, College of Design and Social Context, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. During this time, I have worked with a great number of people who have contributed in various ways to the research and the completion of the dissertation. It is a pleasure to convey my gratitude to them all and convey my humble acknowledgment. First and foremost I offer my sincerest gratitude to my supervisors, Professor Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The State and Illegality in Indonesia in Illegality and State the the STATE and ILLEGALITY in INDONESIA
    Edited by Edward Aspinall and Gerry van Klinken The state and illegality in Indonesia THE STATE AND ILLEGALITY IN INDONESIA The popular 1998 reformasi movement that brought down President Suharto’s regime demanded an end to illegal practices by state offi cials, from human rights abuse to nepotistic investments. Yet today, such practices have proven more resistant to reform than people had hoped. Many have said corruption in Indonesia is “entrenched”. We argue it is precisely this entrenched character that requires attention. What is state illegality entrenched in and how does it become entrenched? This involves studying actual cases. Our observations led us to rethink fundamental ideas about the nature of the state in Indonesia, especially regarding its socially embedded character. We conclude that illegal practices by state offi cials are not just aberrations to the state, they are the state. Almost invariably, illegality occurs as part of collective, patterned, organized and collaborative acts, linked to the competition for political power and access to state resources. While obviously excluding many without connections, corrupt behaviour also plays integrative and stabilizing functions. Especially at the lower end of the social ladder, it gets a lot of things done and is often considered legitimate. This book may be read as a defence of area studies approaches. Without the insights that grew from applying our area studies skills, we would still be constrained by highly stylized notions of the state, which bear little resemblance to the state’s actual workings. The struggle against corruption is a long-term political process. Instead of trying to depoliticize it, we believe the key to progress is greater popular participation.
    [Show full text]
  • Rewriting Indonesian History the Future in Indonesia’S Past
    No. 113 Rewriting Indonesian History The Future in Indonesia’s Past Kwa Chong Guan Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies Singapore June 2006 With Compliments This Working Paper series presents papers in a preliminary form and serves to stimulate comment and discussion. The views expressed are entirely the author’s own and not that of the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies The Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies (IDSS) was established in July 1996 as an autonomous research institute within the Nanyang Technological University. Its objectives are to: • Conduct research on security, strategic and international issues. • Provide general and graduate education in strategic studies, international relations, defence management and defence technology. • Promote joint and exchange programmes with similar regional and international institutions; and organise seminars/conferences on topics salient to the strategic and policy communities of the Asia-Pacific. Constituents of IDSS include the International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research (ICPVTR), the Centre of Excellence for National Security (CENS) and the Asian Programme for Negotiation and Conflict Management (APNCM). Research Through its Working Paper Series, IDSS Commentaries and other publications, the Institute seeks to share its research findings with the strategic studies and defence policy communities. The Institute’s researchers are also encouraged to publish their writings in refereed journals. The focus of research is on issues relating to the security and stability of the Asia-Pacific region and their implications for Singapore and other countries in the region. The Institute has also established the S. Rajaratnam Professorship in Strategic Studies (named after Singapore’s first Foreign Minister), to bring distinguished scholars to participate in the work of the Institute.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction Is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9* black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI LIBERALIZING NEW ORDER INDONESIA: IDEAS, EPISTEMIC CCMMÜNITY, AND ECONŒIC POLICY CHANGE, 1986-1992 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Rizal Mallarangeng, MA. ***** The Ohio State University 2000 Dissertation Committee: proved by Professor R.
    [Show full text]
  • Title the Role of Ethnic Chinese Minority in Development : the Indonesian Case(<Special Issue>Commemorative Issue on the R
    The Role of Ethnic Chinese Minority in Development : The Indonesian Case(<Special Issue>Commemorative Issue on the Title Retirement of Professor Shinichi Ichimura: Economic and Social Changes in Southeast Asia) Author(s) Tan, Mely G. Citation 東南アジア研究 (1987), 25(3): 363-382 Issue Date 1987-12 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/56294 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies. Vol. 25, No.3, December 1987 The Role of Ethnic Chinese Minority in Developntent: The Indonesian Case Mely G. TAN* As recent writIngs indicate, the term Introduction more commonly used today is "ethnic Chinese" to refer to the group as a Despite the manifest diversity of the whole, regardless of citizenship, cultural ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia, there orientation and social identification.2) is still the tendency among scholars The term ethnic or ethnicity, refers to focusing on this group, to treat them a socio-cultural entity. In the case of as a monolithic entity, by referring to the ethnic Chinese, it refers to a group all of them as "Chinese" or "Overseas with cultural elements recognizable as Chinese." Within the countries them­ or attributable to Chinese, while socially, selves, as In Indonesia, for instance, members of this group identify and are this tendency is apparent among the identified by others as constituting a majority population in the use of the distinct group. terms "orang Cina," "orang Tionghoa" The above definition IS III line with or even "hoakiau."D It is our conten­ the use in recent writings on this topic. tion that these terms should only be In the last ten years or so, we note a applied to those who are alien, not of revival of interest In ethnicity and mixed ancestry, and who initially do ethnic groups, due to the realization not plan to stay permanently.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Protest Events
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subm itted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Artror, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0000 UMI’ DEMOCRATIZATION FROM BELOW PROTEST EVENTS AND REGIME CHANGE DSr INDONESIA 1997-1998 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in The Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Denny J. Ali The Ohio State University 2001 Dissertation Committee Approved by Professor R.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture and Privilege in Capitalist Asia
    Downloaded from <arielheryanto.wordpress.com> 6 The years of living luxuriously Identity politics of Indonesia’s new rich Ariel Heryanto Until recently, there were only two quick answers in Indonesia to the question of who constituted the rich. They were unequivocally Westerners and the Chinese. Occasionally one would include top government officials in the list, but at a tier lower than the previous two. Now there can be more diverse answers to the same question, with some hesitation and necessary qualifications. Before 1990 there were more or less fixed stereotypes of Westerners, the Chinese, and top government officials in Indonesian popular culture. Now their public images have undergone significant changes. What follows is an examination of those changes. Obviously economic factors feature in the multiple causes, and diverse directions of these changes. Some consideration of the economic dimension is imperative. However, the bulk of this discussion is more a cultural analysis of economic power, than an economic analysis of cultures. This chapter is therefore about cultural constructions of the rich, which may or may not come close to facts about the economically rich. Westerners and Chinese who personify the rich in Indonesian popular knowledge are cultural constructs. They are fictional. But like most fictional figures, they are neither totally misleading, nor fabricated from pure fantasy.1 Like most fictional works, the popular cultural construction of Westerners and Chinese profiles in Indonesia conveys an important message; and so does the reconstruction of Indonesia’s new rich in the 1990s. The qualifier ‘new’ in the designation of the new rich refers primarily to the first half of the 1990s which is marked by significant prosperity and changes to social identities and relations.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Politics in Post-Suharto's Indonesia
    CHINESE POLITICS IN POST-SUHARTO’S INDONESIA Beyond the Ethnic Approach? Leo Suryadinata The long and heavy involvement in trade of ethnic Chi- nese in Indonesia and elsewhere around Southeast Asia has often led to the perception that they constitute members of a trading minority who are not interested in politics. In fact, this is not entirely true. The past 100 years of their history in Indonesia show that ethnic Chinese have participated in local politics. Dependent in part on the various Chinese ethnicities involved and the policies of the state toward ethnic Chinese, the characteristics of that par- ticipation and of ethnic Chinese politics in general have differed from period to period. In 1976, Charles Coppel published a paper discussing various patterns of political participation in the Chinese Indonesian community, especially the peranakan (see below for definition) Chinese community.1 In the present article, however, the discussion will use a more streamlined classification of Chinese politics and be focused on the post-Suharto period. I argue that Chi- nese politics has been divided between peranakan and totok politics and that the peranakan community itself is further divided between ethnic and non- ethnic approaches. The original meaning of peranakan Chinese was a mixed blood Chinese who was born in the Dutch East Indies. It was also used to Leo Suryadinata is Professor in the Department of Political Science, National University of Singapore. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the ISSCO Conference 2000, “Chinese Overseas and Asia-Pacific Rim Countries: Opportunities and Chal- lenges in the New Millennium,” Seoul, June 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Indonesians in Post-Suharto Indonesia
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarBank@NUS DEMOCRATISATION AND ETHNIC MINORITIES: CHINESE INDONESIANS IN POST-SUHARTO INDONESIA CHONG WU LING (B.Eng. [Hons.], University of Malaya) (M.A. Southeast Asian History, University of Malaya) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2014 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis is my original work and it has been written by me in its entirety. I have duly acknowledged all the sources of information which have been used in the thesis. The thesis has also not been submitted for any degree in any university previously. ______________________________ CHONG Wu Ling July 7, 2014 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In writing this thesis, I am grateful to a number of people who assisted me throughout the period of research. First of foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Associate Professor Maribeth Erb, whose guidance and assistance were critical in seeing me through my research. I have benefited enormously from her advice, criticisms and suggestions. I would also like to express my appreciation to Professor Vedi R. Hadiz, my former supervisor, for his earlier guidance, and Assistant Professor Douglas Kammen, my thesis committee member, for his input on my thesis. My sincere gratitude as well goes to the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the National University of Singapore (NUS), which provided funding for my research. I am particularly grateful to Ms. Maria Ling and Dr. Tsai Yen-Ling for introducing me to a few friends in Medan, who later assisted me to look for informants in the city.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cknowledgments
    A cknowledgments This symposium would not have been possible without substantial support from the Social Science Research Council. Funds for the symposium were also provided by Indone­ sian donors: Yayasan Prasetya Mulis, P. T. Summa International, and the newspaper, Kompas. Thanks are owed also to the many people at Cornell—staff, faculty, and students—who made it possible for this symposium to take place. They are too many to list separately, but I would like to mention a few who were crucial to the success of the program. Of the faculty, Professor Takashi Shiraishi spent a great deal of time and mental energy helping me to for­ mulate the intellectual focus of the symposium and keeping the contents in focus through­ out the various changes that were required in the eighteen months of preparation. Of the students, I should thank particularly Sarah Maxim, who took personal responsibility for many of the logistics of the program in the days preceding and during the symposium. Among the staff a particular vote of thanks goes to Maria Theresia Centeno, the SEASSI coordinator, who with admirable courtesy took responsibility for correspondence with the participants and saw to it that their personal needs were taken care of before and during the symposium and also to Tammy Bloom of the Cornell University Conference staff, who never left the scene of the symposium and spent many hours of her own time to make sure that every aspect of the facilities, catering, and registration proceeded smoothly. Finally, I would like to thank Suzanne Brenner, who at considerable sacrifice of time and energy helped edit the symposium proceedings in a timely and intelligent fashion.
    [Show full text]