Gewässer in Deutschland

Waters in Germany: Status and assessment Germ Envir oan nment Agency Imprint Published by: German Environment Agency (UBA) Division II 2 Postfach 14 06 06844 Dessau-Roßlau. Germany. Tel: +49 340-2103-0 [email protected] Internet: www.umweltbundesamt.de /umweltbundesamt.de /umweltbundesamt Authors: J. Arle, K. Blondzik, U. Claussen, A. Duffek, S. Grimm, F. Hilliges, B. Kirschbaum, I. Kirst, D. Koch, J. Koschorreck, P. Lepom, W. Leujak, V. Mohaupt, S. Naumann, U. Pirntke, J. Rechenberg, P. Schilling, A. Ullrich, J. Wellmitz, S. Werner, R. Wolter (all of the German Environment Agency) Editors: C. Schulte (German Environment Agency, Head of Division II 2); K. Blondzik (German Environment Agency, Section II 2.4) Design and layout: Atelier Hauer + Dörfler GmbH, Berlin To be cited as: German Environment Agency (2017): Waters in Germany: Status and assessment. Dessau-Roßlau. Available to download at: www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publications Photo credits: www.shutterstock.com www.shutterstock.com/Rolf_52 (S. 73) Last updated: September 2017 ISSN 2363-832X Waters in Germany: Status and assessment Waters in Germany: Status and assessment Table of contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 5 2 Basis for the assessment of groundwater and surface waters ................................................ 7 2.1 The European assessment systems .......................................................................................... 7 2.2 Criteria for pollutants in water protection ................................................................................... 8 2.3 Reliability of analytical results ............................................................................................... 8 2.4 Quality assurance ............................................................................................................. 8 3 Groundwater................................................................................................................ 11 3.1 Basis for assessment ....................................................................................................... 11 3.1.1 Quantitative status ................................................................................................... 11 3.1.2 Chemical status ....................................................................................................... 11 3.1.3 Monitoring networks for reporting ................................................................................... 12 3.2 Status assessment .......................................................................................................... 13 3.2.1 Quantitative status of groundwater bodies ......................................................................... 13 3.2.2 Chemical status of groundwater ..................................................................................... 15 3.2.3 Groundwater ecosystems ............................................................................................. 20 4 Assessment of surface waters .........................................................................................25 4.1 Bodies of surface water ..................................................................................................... 25 4.2 Ecological and chemical status ............................................................................................. 25 4.2.1 Ecological status and ecological potential .......................................................................... 25 4.2.2 Specific pollutants .................................................................................................... 27 4.2.3 Chemical status ....................................................................................................... 30 4.3 Monitoring programmes .................................................................................................... 34 5 Rivers .........................................................................................................................37 5.1 Basis for assessment ....................................................................................................... 37 5.1.1 Stream- and River-Types .............................................................................................. 37 5.1.2 Biological quality elements .......................................................................................... 38 5.1.3 Hydromorphological quality elements ............................................................................... 39 5.1.4 General physico-chemical quality elements ......................................................................... 41 5.1.5 Other assessment methods .......................................................................................... 41 5.1.6 Monitoring networks for reporting ................................................................................... 42 5.2 Status assessment .......................................................................................................... 42 5.2.1 Ecological status ...................................................................................................... 42 5.2.2 Hydromorphology ..................................................................................................... 48 5.2.3 Nutrients .............................................................................................................. 53 5.2.4 Heavy metals and metalloids ......................................................................................... 58 5.2.5 Industrial chemicals .................................................................................................. 59 5.2.6 Pesticides ............................................................................................................. 60 5.2.7 Persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention .................................................... 61 5.2.8 Pharmaceuticals ...................................................................................................... 62 5.2.9 Chemical status ....................................................................................................... 63 2 Table of content 6 Lakes and reservoirs .....................................................................................................69 6.1 Basis for assessment ....................................................................................................... 69 6.1.1 Lake types ............................................................................................................. 69 6.1.2 Biological quality elements .......................................................................................... 69 6.1.3 Hydromorphological quality elements ............................................................................... 70 6.1.4 General physico-chemical quality elements ......................................................................... 71 6.1.5 Monitoring network for reporting .................................................................................... 72 6.2 Status assessment .......................................................................................................... 72 6.2.1 Hydromorphology ..................................................................................................... 72 6.2.2 Nutrient and trophic status ........................................................................................... 73 6.2.3 Ecological status ...................................................................................................... 82 6.2.4 Chemical status ....................................................................................................... 84 7 Transitional, coastal and marine waters ............................................................................87 7.1 Basis for assessment ........................................................................................................ 87 7.1.1 EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) ................................................................................. 87 7.1.2 EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) .................................................................... 88 7.1.3 Marine monitoring and central data storage by the Federation ..................................................... 91 7.1.4 Quality assurance in marine monitoring ............................................................................. 93 7.2 Status assessment .......................................................................................................... 93 7.2.1 Eutrophication ......................................................................................................... 93 7.2.1.1 Eutrophication of the North Sea .................................................................................... 94 7.2.1.2 Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea .................................................................................. 103 7.2.2 Pollutants............................................................................................................. 112 7.2.2.1 Heavy metals ....................................................................................................... 112 7.2.2.2 Organic compounds ............................................................................................... 116 7.2.3 Marine litter .........................................................................................................

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