A Literary Genius and a Man with Many Hats

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A Literary Genius and a Man with Many Hats يوهان فولفجانج فون جوته JOHANN WOLFGANG VON GOETHE أديب عبقري ورجل متعدد الوظائف A LITERARY GENIUS AND A MAN WITH MANY HATS يعد جوته أحد أعظم ُالكتاب المسرحيين من أعظم مسرحيات ألمانيا وبعض من أكثر Goethe is considered one of the greatest plays and some of the most influential والشعراء والروائيين في اﻷدب اﻷلماني. الروايات تأثيرًا في اﻷدب اﻷوروبي، عﻻوة على playwrights, poets and novelists in novels in European literature, hundreds إﻻ أن ذلك كله لم يمنعه من العمل كموظف مئات من القصائد الكبرى وأكثر من German literature. However, he also of major poems, and more than 12,000 12000 عمومي ووزير لعدة سنوات، بل وإجراء خطاب. استكشف جوته جوهر اﻷلوان وعمل ,worked for many years as a public servant letters. He explored the essence of colour دراسات جغرافية وبستانية ومتعلقة بعلم كصلة وصل فيما بين الشرق والغرب. and minister, conducted geological, acted as a bridge-builder between East المعادن. وكان جوته من المغرمين بإيطاليا، وظل على مدار حياته كاملة باحثًا عن الخيط botanical and mineralogical studies, was a and West, and remained a life-long كما كان بستاني تواق وفنان في تنسيق الذي يربط العالم بعضه ببعض. يحمل المعهد big fan of Italy as well as an avid gardener seeker of the thread that holds the world الحدائق. قام جوته بإدارة مسرح وشكل الثقافي اﻷلماني إسمه )معهد جوته(. and landscaping artist. He managed a together. The German cultural institute is theatre, shaped a whole literary era by named after him. حقبة أدبية بأكملها من خﻻل إنتاجه لبعض producing some of Germany‘s greatest Schön Edel Gut Nützlich Gemein Unnöthig Becoming a Living Icon, Author of Faust 1788-1832 Storm and Stress - The Italian Journey – كاتب »فاوست« يتحول Birth and Becoming a A Trip of Self-discovery Death إلى أيقونة حية Childhood European Celebrity 1749-1765 1771-1775 1786-1788 1832 Building Bridges with العاصفة واﻻندفاع: الرحلة إلى إيطاليا: Leipzig & Strasbourg – Official and Secret الميﻻد الوفاة the West-Eastern Divan التحول إلى شخص رحلة ﻻكتشاف الذات The Making of a Poet Lives in Weimar والطفولة مشهور في أوروبا 1765-1771 1775-1786 1814-1819 مد أواصر الصﻻت من خﻻل حياته الرسمية ﻻيبزيج وستراسبورج: الديوان الغربي الشرقي والخفية في فايمار ُّتكون الشاعر ١٧٤٩ - ١٧٦٥ 1765 – 1749 فرانكفورت: الميﻻد والطفولة FRANKFURT – BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD وُلد يوهان فولفجانج في 28 أغسطس وتدرب على ركوب الخيل والمبارزة والرقص. Born on 28 August 1749 into an dance. He also loves to read his way 1749 ﻷسرة في أعلى السلم اﻻجتماعي كما أحب أن يقرأ ما يختاره من مكتبة upper middle-class family, Johann through his father’s 2,000-volume للطبقة المتوسطة مستمتعًا بطفولته مع والده التي احتوت على 2000 مجلدًا. .Wolfgang enjoys his childhood in library, however شقيقته كورنيليا في أرجاء منزل تقليدي a large traditional Frankfurt house فسيح من منازل مدينة فرانكفورت سجل جوته ذكرى طفولته في سيرته together with his sister Cornelia. A recollection of his childhood is After attending a public school for found in his memoirs titled Poetry اﻷلمانية. وبعد قضائه لسنتين اثنتين في الذاتية التي حملت عنوان » الشعر two years, he receives an extensive and Truth, which he started to write مدرسة عمومية، حصل على تعليم والحقيقة« والتي بدأ في كتابتها في عمر private education from several tutors, at the age of 62 and continued almost خصوصي على يد عدة معلمين اشتمل 62 واستمر في الكتابة حتى مماته عن encompassing Latin, Greek, Hebrew, until his death at the age of 82. Just على اللغات الﻻتينية واليونانية والعبرية عمر 82 عامًا ليغطي فيها على مدار English, French and Italian, along with covering his childhood, adolescence 700 واﻻنجليزية والفرنسية واﻹيطالية، بجانب صفحة فترة طفولته ومراهقته وسنواته the sciences, religious and physical and early professional years took him العلوم والتعليم الديني والطبيعي. كما المهنية اﻷولى. .education. He learns to play the cello 700 pages تعلم العزف على آلتي التشيلو والبيانو، and piano, and to ride, fence and مكان مولد جوته ,Goethe as a Boy,1762 )قبل ١٧٥٥(، بطاقة بريدية silhouette Goethe’s Birthplace جوته الصبي، before 1755), postcard) صورة بخيال الظل، ١٧٦2 ١٧٦٥ – ١٧٧١ 1771 – 1765 ﻻيبزيج وستراسبورج: ُّتكون الشاعر LEIPZIG AND STRASBOURG – THE MAKING OF A POET بدأ جوته دراسة القانون في مدينة فاتحة سيرته المهنية اﻷدبية وما تزال .At the request of his domineering include Welcome and Farewell ﻻيبزيج اﻷلمانية بناء على طلب والده معروفة حتى يومنا هذا في ألمانيا father, Goethe begins to study law These first humble literary works المتسلط. وعانى من التمزق فيما بين حتى كأغاني مشهورة. in Leipzig, Germany. He is torn launch his literary career and are رغبة والده في أن يصبح محام قدير، ,between his father’s wish for him still well known today in Germany وبين طموحه اﻷدبي. بعد ست سنوات .to become a respected lawyer also as famous songs أنهى جوته دراسة القانون في مدينة .and his own literary ambitions He finishes his law studies six ستراسبورج الفرنسية حيث استمتع years later in the French town بمصاحبة مشاهير العلماء وبالتنزه في of Strasbourg and enjoys the جنبات وادي نهر الراين. كتب جوته company of famous scholars and البالغ من العمر 21 عامًا سلسلة من .long walks in the Rhine valley اﻷشعار الرومانسية عن الحب ضم The 21-year-old Goethe writes a فيها تيار من اﻷحاسيس ذات الصلة series of romantic poems about بالطبيعة وحبيبته فريدريكا، وكان من love there, involving a stream of ضمنها »لقاء ووداع«. وكانت هذه emotions related to nature, for اﻷعمال اﻷدبية اﻷولى المتواضعة his acquaintance Friederike; they جوته وفريدريكا بريون في Goethe and Friederike Brion in سيزنهايم، بطاقة بريدية Sesenheim, postcard لقاء ووداع Welcome And Farewell دقَ قلبي أسرع على جواد رأيتك فجرى السرور اللطيف ,My heart beat fast, a horse! away! You I saw, your look replied قد جرى قبل أن تُصُوِر بالكاد من هذه النظرة الفاتنة إلي ,Quicker than thought I am astride, Your sweet felicity, my own ارجح الليل العالم كان قلبي بجانبك كليا ,Earth now lulled by end of day, My heart was with you, at your side تعلَق الليل على الجبا و كل نفس ﻷجلك .Night hovering on the mountainside. I breathed for you, for you alone A robe of mist around him flung, A blush was there, as if your face وقف بلوط بثوب من الضباب أحاط جو ربيعي زهري الوجه البهيج The oak a towering giant stood, A rosy hue of Spring had caught, كعمﻻقٍ مكدّس و حنانك ﻷجلي – يا آلهة A hundred eyes of jet had sprung For me-ye gods!-this tenderness! فنظر الظﻻم من الشجيرات تَمَنّيته و ما استأهلته .From darkness in the bushy wood. I hoped, and I deserved it not بمائة عين سوداء أوه فعﻻ حينما طلعت شمس الصباح ,Atop a hill of cloud the moon Yet soon the morning sun was there نظر قمر من بين الغيوم بشجن من العطر اضاق الوداع قلبي :Shed piteous glimmers through the mist, My heart, ah, shrank as leave I took لوَحت أجنحة الرياح بهدوء يا لهذه اللذَة في قبﻻتك ,Softly the wind took flight, and soon How rapturous your kisses were و التهبت حوالي اذني يا لهذا اﻷلم في عينك !With horrible wings around me hissed. What anguish then was in your look خلق الليل ألف غيﻻن رحلتُ فوقفتي و نظرتي الى اﻻرض ,Night made a thousand ghouls respire, I left, you stood with downcast eyes لكن كانت شجاعتي متجددة و نشيطة فتعقبتني عيونك بنظرة مبلَلة :Of what I felt, a thousandth part In tears you saw me riding off يا لهذه النيران في أوردتي! مع ذلك – يا لَهذه السعادة ان تكون معشوقاً !My mind, what a consuming fire! Yet, to be loved, what happiness يا لهذا الجمر في قلبي! و يا آلهة من سعادة ان تُحب .What a glow was in my heart! What happiness, ye gods, to love ١٧٧١ – ١٧٧٥ 1775 – 1771 العاصفة واﻻندفاع: التحول إلى شخصية أوروبية شهيرة STORM AND STRESS – BECOMING A EUROPEAN CELEBRITY كتب جوته أثناء وظيفته اﻷولى في دار للشهرة. وكانت هذه الحقبة مدفوعة During his first job at the courthouse It is driven by emotions rather than المحكمة في فيتسﻻر بألمانيا كتابًا أكسبه بالعواطف أكثر منها بالقوانين والتقاليد .in Wetzlar, Goethe writes a book stylistic regulations and traditions الكثير من الشهرة، وهو مسرحية »جوتس اﻹنشائية. أخيرًا استطاع جوته أن يتعيش which earns him quite a reputation: Goethe can now live off his literary فون برليشينجن« . إﻻ أن روايته المكتوبة من أعماله اﻷدبية وحتى يلقى اعتراف the drama Goetz von Berlichingen. works, and is finally even acknowledged على شكل رسائل وتحمل عنوان »معاناة أبيه به ككاتب. ومن المصادفات أن سروال ,However, it is his epistolary novel The as a writer by his father. Incidentally فيرتر الصغير« )1755( هي ما أصبحت فيرتر اﻷصفر الغريب أصبح أحد عناصر Sufferings of Young Werther (1775) Werther’s unconventional yellow that ends up becoming Germany’s trousers become a veritable fashion أول رواية ألمانية أعلى مبيعًا على مستوى الموضة في العالم الواقعي. first international bestseller and item. العالم وهي التي أكسبت جوته الشهرة. making Goethe really famous. It is وتدور أحداث هذه الرواية المكتوبة بأسلوب about an unhappy relationship that حوار ذهني ذاتي حول عﻻقة غير سعيدة ends in suicide, written in a radically تنتهي باﻻنتحار. وهو ما أبرز حقبة أدبية subjective style. This gives rise to a ألمانية حملت إسم »العاصفة واﻻندفاع« new German literary period: “Sturm und Drang” (Storm and Stress). Lotte and Werther, film still from Young Goethe in Love! يوهان فولفجانج فون Germany, director ,2010 جوته، صورة لجيورج Philipp Stölzl ميلكور كراوس، ١٧٧٥/٧٦ لوتى وفيرتر، لقطة من Johann Wolfgang فيلم »جوته الشاب ًواقعا Goethe, portrait by في الحب«، 20١0، ,Georg Melchior Kraus ألمانيا، إخراج فيليب 76/1775 شتولتس ١٧٧٥ – ١٧8٦ 1786 – 1775 الحياة الرسمية والحياة الخفية في فايمار OFFICIAL AND SECRET LIVES IN WEIMAR يقبل جوته دعوة ليصبح مستشار مفوض على مدار عشر سنوات قضاها بين Goethe accepts an invitation to For ten years he hardly finds the )وزير دولة( لدى بﻻط الدوق اﻷكبر في اﻷعمال الكتابية الرسمية وجد جوته بالكاد become a legation councillor (state time with all the official paperwork فايمار عاصمة اتحاد سكسونيا-فايمار- الوقت لمواصلة مساره المهني ككاتب.
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