Lonjsko Polje Nature Park Bulletin

ISSN: 1332-0688 UDK: 502.4 ISSN: 1332-0688 UDK: 502.4 1/2 1/2 Broj/Num Broj/Num 2 2 Godina/Vol. Godina/Vol. Godina/Vol. Godina/Vol.

BILTENBILTENPPARKAARKAPRIRODEPRIRODENATURENATUREPPARKARKBULLETINBULLETIN

Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko Polje Nature Park Bulletin

VOL.2/NO. 1/2, 2000.

“Ovaj projekt je izraen uz pomoÊ LIFE financijskog instrumenta Europske unije”

“This project has been carried out with the contribution of the LIFE financial instrument of the Europenan Community. Nakladnik / Published by: Javna ustanova “Park prirode Lonjsko polje” Lonjsko Polje Nature Park Public Service HR-44324 Jasenovac, Trg kralja Petra SvaËiÊa bb / Hrvatska / Croatia

Glavni i odgovorni urednik / Editor in chief: Goran GugiÊ

Uredniπtvo / Editorial board: Darko KovaËiÊ, Radenko DeæeliÊ, Martin Sdchneider-Jacoby

Tajnica uredniπtva / Administarative secretary: Marija Kuπina

Adresa uredniπtva / Adress of the Editorial Board: Javna ustanova “Park prirode Lonjsko polje” Bilten, HR-44324 Jasenovac, Trg kralja Petra SvaËiÊa bb, HRVATSKA / CROATIA

Tel/fax: ++385 (0)44 672 080;

E-mail: [email protected]

Prijevod / Translation: Graham McMaster

Lektor / Lecturer: Ivan Jindra

Oblikovanje / Design: Kratis d.o.o.

Izlazi dva puta godiπnje The Bulletin appears twice yearly

Naklada: 2000 primjeraka

2 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. SADRÆAJ - CONTENTS:

UVOD / INTRODUCTION MASTER PLAN TURIZMA - REGIONALNI KONCET ZA LONJSKO POLJE - POSAVINA/ MASTER PLAN FOR TOURISM - REGIONAL CONCEPT FOR THE LONJSKO POLJE NATURE PARK - POSAVINA

1 CILJEVI KONCEPTA / OBJECTIVES OF THE CONCEPT 1.1 Masterplan za Hrvatsku / The Master Plan for Croatia ...... 7 1.2 Perspektive zapoπljavanja i blagostanja / The outlook for employment and prosperity ...... 9 1.3 Odræivost i razvoj / Sustainability and development ...... 9 1.4 Put do proizvoda Posavina / The way to the Posavina product ...... 10 1.5 Menadæment i privatne inicijative / Management and private initiatives ...... 12

2 PODRU»JE PROJEKTA / THE AREA OF THE PROJECT 2.1 Srediπnje podruËje: poplavno podruËje Save / The central area: the Sava flood plain ...... 16 2.2 Susjedne regije / Neighbouring regions ...... 16 2.3 Zagreb / Zagreb ...... 17 2.4 Srediπnje podruËje kao jezgra / The central area as core ...... 17

3 POSTOJE∆E STANJE / THE EXISTING SITUATION 3.1 Klima srediπnjega podruËja / The climate of the central area ...... 19 3.2 Infrastruktura / Infrastructure ...... 19 3.3 Razvoj turizma / Development of tourism ...... 21 3.4 Regionalno gospodarstvo / The regional economy ...... 23 3.5 Strukture stanovniπtva / Population structure ...... 24

4 TURISTI»KI POTENCIJALI / TOURIST POTENTIALS 4.1 U srediπnjem podruËju / In the central area ...... 25 4.2 Povijest graniËnoga podruËja / History of the border area ...... 33 4.3 Rijeke, ribnjaci, topli izvori / Rivers, fishponds, hot springs ...... 38

5 USP (UNIQUE SELLING POINT) U EUROPSKOJ USPOREDBI / THE USP (UNIQUE SELLING POINT) IN EUROPEAN COMPARISONS 5.1 Lonjsko polje ‡ jedinstveni park prirode na Mediteranu / Lonjsko Polje Naure Park - one of a kind in the Mediterranean ...... 41 5.2 Vaæan element identiteta / An important element of the identity ...... 41 5.3 TuristiËka privlaËnost / Tourist attractiveness ...... 41 5.4 Mozaik s doæivljajnim potencijalom / A mosaic with experiential potential ...... 42 5.5 TuristiËki plan / The tourist plan ...... 42

6 POTENCIJALNE ZAPREKE / POTENTIAL OBSTACLES 6.1 Prostorno ureenje / Land planning and zoning ...... 43 6.2 Sukobi ciljeva / Conflicts of objectives ...... 43 6.3 Industrijski ureaji / Industrial plant ...... 45 6.4 Arhitektonske strukture / Architectural structures...... 46

Bilten parka prirode 3 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. 7 TRÆI©TA I CILJNE SKUPINE / MARKETS AND TARGET GROUPS 7.1 Tri kljuËna træiπta / Three key markets ...... 47 7.2 Motivacije ciljnih skupina / Motivations of target groups ...... 47 7.3 Prirodni turisti (ekoturisti) / Nature tourists (or eco-tourists) ...... 49

8 TURISTI»KI KONCEPT / TOURIST CONCEPT 8.1 Ciljevi / Objectives ...... 50 8.2 Stupovi ponude / The pillars of the product range ...... 53

9PRVAFAZA REALIZACIJE / THE FIRST PHASE OF IMPLEMENTATION 9.1 UkljuËivanje javnosti / Involvement of the public ...... 61 9.2 TuristiËka ponuda / The tourist product ...... 61 9.3 Promidæba i plasman / Promotion and sales ...... 64 9.4 Edukacija / Education ...... 65 9.5 Financiranje / Financing ...... 65 9.6 Koordinacija / Coordination ...... 65

10 OGLEDNI PROJEKTI / MODEL PROJECTS 10.1 Sisak / Sisak ...... 66 10.2 Usmjeravanje posjetitelja u parku prirode Lonjsko polje / Directing visitors in the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park ...... 68 10.3 Posavska sela ‡ svako selo unikat / Posavina villages - every village is a one-off ...... 72 10.4 U gostima u posavskoj kuÊi / Staying in a Posavina house ...... 73 10.5 Model doæivljaja prirode‡ Mlaka u Mokrom polju / A model for the experience of nature - Mlaka, in Mokro Polje ...... 78 10.6 Ribnjaci ‡ neizbjeæna sastavnica krajolika rijeËne doline / Fishponds - an inseparable part of this landscape ...... 82

11 APENDIKS / APPENDIX 11.1 Procjena sela s aspekta zaπtite spomenika / Evaluation ofthe contryside from the point of view of the protectin of monuments ...... 84 11.2 Potencijal drvenih kuÊa / The potential of the wooden houses ...... 84 11.3 Zaπtita od visokih voda u projektnom podruËju / Protection against high waters in the project area ...... 86 11.4 Susjedna podruËja - Potencijalni rezervat biosfere - Srediπnja Posavina Neighbouring areas Potential biosphere reserve, Central Posavina ...... 88 11.5 Ugroæene, privlaËne vrste ptica u susjednom podruËju / Endangered but attractive bird species in the neighbouring area ...... 91 11.6 Prirodna podruËja od meunarodnog i nacionalnog znaËenja u Hrvatskoj / Natural areas that are of international and national importance in Croatia ...... 92 11.7 Popis autora fotografija / Photographic credits ...... 94 11.8 Izvori i citati / Sources and citations ...... 94

4 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Uvod Introduction

Poπtovani Ëitatelju, Dear Readers,

Svjetska unija za zaπtitu prirode ‡ IUCN - izabrala je park The World Conservation Union ‡ IUCN ‡ has chosen prirode Lonjsko polje kao ogledni primjer planiranja zaπtite Lonjsko Polje Nature Park as a model for the planning of prirode u ruralnim podruËjima zemalja srednje i istoËne nature conservation in the rural areas of the countries of Europe. Zaπto? Naprosto, zbog jasne vizije Uprave Parka Central and Eastern Europe. Why is this? Simply because of kamo voditi i kako razvijati Lonjsko polje. Upravi Parka u the clear-sighted vision of the administration of the park in ovom je trenutku najzahtjevniji izazov uvjeravati druge which way to head the development of Lonjsko Polje. At this korisnike u opravdanost te vizije i pridobiti ih za njezino moment, the most demanding challenge facing the park’s ostvarivanje. U Lonjskom polju æive ljudi koji su kao administration is to convince the other users of the justifica- poljoprivrednici - stoËari, πumari, ribiËi, vatrogasci, vodiËi, tion of this vision and to win them over to its accomplish- nadzornici, lovoËuvari, Ëlanovi kulturno-umjetniËkih ment. Lonjsko Polje inhabitants, farmers and animal breed- druπtava, aci, izviaËi, ugostitelji - sve svjesniji da aktivno ers, foresters, anglers, firemen, guides, supervisors, game- sudjeluju u oËuvanju ovoga jedinstvenog krajobraza. keepers, members of culture and art groups, pupils, scouts Dosadaπnje vienje usredotoËilo se na oËuvanje identiteta, and caterers are increasingly aware of the fact that they need kulturne i prirodne baπtine Srednje Posavine, kao i na to take an active part in the preservation of this unique land- odræavanje ekoloπkih procesa kljuËnih za funkcioniranje scape. Visions to date have concentrated on the preservation naπega parka. Sada, uz pomoÊ Vlade SR NjemaËke, dopun- of the identity and the cultural and natural heritage of jeno je pogledom na razvoj turizma. Za sve nas to je bitan Central Posavina and the maintenance of the ecological iskorak, kojim prelazimo na pitanje kljuËno za ljude koji processes crucial for the working of our park. Now, with the æive u parku, za korisnike i za Upravu: kako se odræivo i assistance of the German Government, this has been supple- razumno koristiti ovim posavskim blagom, a da stanovnici mented with a view of the development of tourism. For all parka mogu ovdje prepoznati svoju buduÊnost. Paæljivo of us this is an essential step forward, taking us into matters razmislite o znaËenjima rijeËi odræivo i razumno, koje su that are vital for people who live in the park, for the users kljuËne pri obavljanju turistiËke djelatnosti u zaπtiÊenom and for the management, of how to use this Posavina trea- podruËju. Za domaÊe ljude, stanovnike parka, preveo bih to sure in a sustainable and intelligent manner, so that the ovako: iz blaga Lonjskoga polja preuzeli ste svatko svoj inhabitants of the park can see that they have a future right djeliÊ od predaka. »uvajte ga svojim znanjem i marnim here. It is important to consider the meaning of the words radom i ostanite Ëvrsto pri tome jer je to vaπa osnovica. A sustainable and intelligent, which are vital for the running of kamate? Kamate ‡ i to dosta visoke - mogli biste ostvarivati a tourist industry in a protected area. For the local people, svojom turistiËkom ponudom. Ali pazite: samo kamate! the inhabitants of the park, I would translate this as follows: NeÊe biti dobro budete li mislili da bi samo turistiËka ponu- you have taken from the treasures of Lonjsko Polje, each of da mogla biti vaπa osnovica! you, a bit from your forebears. Look after it with your Uprava Parka je prepoznala potencijal dobro osmiπljenog knowledge and your work, and keep fast by the idea that this odræivog razvoja turistiËke ponude, pa je stoga aktivno sud- is your principal. And the interest on the principal? The jelovala u izradbi masterplana za turizam. Zahvaljujem interest ‡ quite high interest at that ‡ can be obtained through Vladi SR NjemaËke i predstavnicima DEG-a, gospodi the tourist product. But be careful: only the interest. It is no Flosbachu, Thimmeu i Herrmannu, na pruæenoj novËanoj i good if you think of your principal itself as the tourist tehniËkoj potpori, a gospodi Engelu i Schneider-Jacobyju product. na izvrsnoj suradnji i na izradbi masterplana. The Park Administration has identified the potential of a Sada je na svima nama da se vizija iz naπih glava pretoËi u well thought-out sustainable development for the tourist naπe ruke i postane stvarnost u naπim oËima. product, and has thus taken an active part in the elaboration of the Tourist Masterplan. I would like to thank the German Ravnatelj Government, and members of the DEG, Messrs Flosbach, Goran GugiÊ Thimme and Herrmann for the help in money and techni- calities that they have provided, and Messrs Engel and Schneider-Jacoby for their invaluable assistance with the elaboration of the Masterplan. Now, it is up to all of us to make sure that the vision perco- lates from our heads down to our hands and becomes a rea- lity in front of our eyes.

Managing director Goran GugiÊ

Bilten parka prirode 5 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Masterplan za turizam u Hrvatskoj Master Plan for Tourism in Croatia

Nalogodavac: DEG - Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH Belvederestraße 40 50933 Köln TDCC - Tourism Development Competence Center Put Republike 7/III HR - 20000 Dubrovnik

Zastupnik: Franz-Josef Flosbach, Direktor Dr. Peter Martin Thimme Volker Herrmann

Köln, April 2003

Nalogoprimac EURONATUR Stiftung Europäisches Naturerbe Konstanzer Straße 22 78315 Radolfzell Dr. Martin Schneider-Jacoby

Brigitte Gebauer Dr. Herwig Talker (GIS) Jörg Freudenreich (Izgled)

U suradnji: Hrvatsko ekoloπko druπtvo Dr. Vladimir Kuπan

JU Park prirode Lonjsko polje Goran Gugic (CIM)

Urba Deset Anton DikliÊ

Hrvatsko druπtvo za zaπtitu ptica i prirode Tibor Mikuska

Creatop GmbH Kreativni turistiËki projekti Schillerplatz 1 18055 Rostock

Johann-Friedrich Engel Dr. Monique Engel Masterplan za turizam u Hrvatskoj Master Plan for Tourism in Croatia

1. CILJEVI KONCEPTA 1. OBJECTIVES OF THE CONCEPT

1.1 Masterplan za Hrvatsku 1.1 The Master Plan for Croatia

Turizam je jedna od najvaænijih gospodarstvenih grana u Tourism is one of the most important branches of the econ- Hrvatskoj. Njegovo preureenje i izgradnja, u skladu s omy in Croatia. The reorganisation and construction of it temeljima dosljedne træiπne orijentacije i odræivosti, od along the lines of a consistent market economy and from velikoga su strateπkoga znaËenja za razvoj zemlje. the point of view of sustainability are of great strategic Naime, turistiËko gospodarstvo moæe, poduprto izvrsnim importance for the development of the country. For a prirodnim okvirima, jednako bitno poboljπati æivotni tourist economy can, backed up by a superior natural standard stanovniπtva kao i gospodarstvenu bilancu. framework, essentially improve the standard of living of Turizam moæe otvoriti nova radna mjesta i osigurati the population and the balance of trade. Tourism can create egzistenciju buduÊih generacija u europskom kontekstu. new jobs and ensure the livings of future generations in the Iz toga je razloga, i u okviru aspekta stabilnosti jugois- European context. For this reason, and also within the toËne Europe, NjemaËko druπtvo za investicije i razvoj, framework of the stability of SEE, the German Association Köln (DEG) for Investment and Development in Cologne (DEG), com- • po nalogu Saveznoga ministarstva za gospodarsku missioned by the Federal Government for Economic suradnju i razvoj, Bonn/Berlin (BMZ) i Cooperation and Development Bonn/Berlin (BMZ) in •u suradnji s Ministarstvom turizma u Zagrebu razvi- association with the Ministry of Tourism in Zagreb, has lo Masterplan za turizam Hrvatske, s ciljem da se pri- developed a Master Plan for Tourism in Croatia, the objec- donese trajnom gospodarskom procvatu i ojaËa tive being to make a contribution to lasting economic meuregionalnu suradnju. development and to enhance inter-regional collaboration.

Ovaj turistiËki Masterplan poËiva na integriranim This tourist Master Plan reposes on integrated founda- temeljima. On obrauje sadaπnje stanje i perspektive tions. It discusses the current situation and outlook for turistiËkoga gospodarstva, prometne veze, opskrbu i the tourist economy, transportation links, supplies and zbrinjavanje, kao i institucionalnu infrastrukturu i orga- maintenance as well as the institutional infrastructure nizaciju. and organisation.

Posebno tijekom protekla dva desetljeÊa istraæuje: In particular, related to the past two decades, it investi- • promjene u potraænji glavnih træiπta Hrvatske, gates: • nastanak inovativnih ponuda kao odgovor na to, • changes in the demands of the main markets for • ulazak novih odrediπta na træiπte i Croatia, • razvoj u hrvatskim tradicionalnim konkurentskim • the creation of innovative products as responses to these, ciljnim podruËjima, • the entry of new destinations into the market and • promjene u distribuciji, • developments in Croatian traditional competitive tar- • kao i opÊe trendove koji obiljeæavaju druπtvo, get areas, • potroπnju na odmoru i ponaπanje u slobodno vrijeme. • changes in distribution • and the general trends that characterise the society, Ovaj plan u skladu sa zahtjevima træiπta takoer mjeri: • spending on holidays, and behaviour during leisure time. • kakvoÊu i usmjerenje hrvatskoga turistiËkog proizvoda, This plan, in line with the demands of the market, also • odnos cijena i usluga, measures: • moguÊnosti πto bræeg poboljπavanja træiπnoga po- • the quality and orientation of the Croatian tourist loæaja. product, • the relation between prices and services • the opportunities that exist for optimising the market position as fast as possible.

Bilten parka prirode 7 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Sliku hrvatskog uËinka joπ oblikuje dugo uspjeπna, ali The image of Croatian effectiveness and image is still danas ipak zastarjela „dræavna strategija“. Karakte- shaped by the long-time successful but today obsoles- ristiËni su za nju veliki kapaciteti noÊenja po povoljnim cent national strategy. Characteristic of this are large cijenama, uniformirani hoteli s istim funkcionalnim accommodation capacities at reasonable prices, uniform uslugama i nedovoljnim moguÊnostima za provoenje hotels with purely utilitarian services and lack of oppor- slobodnoga vremena, usredotoËenost na odrediπta na tunities for leisure time activities, focussed on destina- jadranskoj obali, do kojih se stiæe osobnim automobili- tions on the Adriatic coast, at which people arrived in ma, i na razdoblje πkolskih praznika, dakle, na kratku their cars and a concentration on the period of the school ljetnu sezonu. holidays, that is, the brief summer season.

Kontinentalni dio dræave bujice turista do sada su doti- The torrents of tourists have so far affected the inland part cale samo na proputovanju. Nedostajalo je interesa i of the country only in transit. There was previously no zamisli da bi se gosta koji æuri, u prolazu, ohrabrilo na interest in or ideas about offering attractive destinations in ostanak ponudom privlaËnih ciljeva u unutraπnjosti i da the interior to encourage the guest hurrying on to stay and bi se iz toga izvukla gospodarska prednost. Unutraπnjost hence to derive economic benefit from this. The interior of Hrvatske opÊenito je turistiËki neiskoriπtena. Croatia is in general unutilised for tourist purposes.

Konkurentna ponuda cijena, povezana s jadranskim kra- A competitive set of prices, in concomitance with the jolikom iz turistiËkih snova, Hrvatskoj bi doduπe mogla tourist-dream Adriatic landscape, might it is true bring donijeti porast broja turista, no opÊenito manji dotok pri- Croatia a growth in the number of tourists but, looked at hoda od potrebnog, kako dræavi i regijama, tako i ljudi- in general, a smaller inflow of income than that which is ma koji æive od turizma. required - both to the central government and the regions as well as to the people who live off tourism. Stoga, osim broja noÊenja, moraju porasti i dnevni izdaci. To zahtijeva træiπnu paletu proizvoda koja For this reason, as well as numbers of bed-nights, daily • omoguÊava individualni izbor meu brojnim alterna- spending has to rise as well. This requires a market tivama, gamut of products that • naglaπava i inscenira identitet jednoga mjesta kao • makes possible an individual choice among many turistiËkoga doæivljaja, alternatives, • profesionalnost i gostoprimstvo ne shvaÊa kao banal- • stresses and sets the stage for the identity of a single nu promidæbenu frazu, place as tourist experience • ekoloπku prihvatljivost shvaÊa kao samorazumljivu • does not understand professionalism and hospitality pretpostavku, as a mere banal advertising catch phrase • nudi poπten odnos cijena i usluga. • considers ecological acceptability as an eminently intelligible supposition Dok Masterplan za Hrvatsku te aspekte obrauje • offers a fair relation between prices and services. podrobno ali opÊenito, dva regionalna koncepta trebaju na osnovi praktiËnih primjera pokazati kako se While the Master Plan for Croatia covers these aspects in Masterplan treba ostvariti. detail but nevertheless in general as well, the two regional concepts are supposed, based on practical details, to Jedan od ta dva koncepta, regionalni Masterplan za show how the Master Plan should be put into practice. Posavinu, s parkom prirode Lonjsko polje kao jezgrom, treba: One of these two concepts, the regional Master Plan for • turizam tamoπnjem stanovniπtvu uËiniti pristupaËnim Posavina with the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park at its heart, kao dodatni izvor prihoda, is supposed: • kako bi se oËuvao vaæan, viπestruko jedinstven • to make tourism more accessible as a source of addi- europski kulturni krajolik i tional income for the population of the area, • kako bi se potaknulo prihvaÊanje turizma u konti- • so as to preserve an important and from many points nentalnom dijelu Hrvatske. of view a unique European cultural landscape and • generate impulses for the acceptance of tourism in the inland parts of Croatia.

8 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

1.2 Perspektive zapoπljavanja i blagostanja 1.2 The outlook for employment and prosperity

Glavni cilj Masterplana za Posavinu/Lonjsko polje sasto- The main objective of the Master Plan for Posavina and ji se u tome da se prihodi, a time i æivotni standard u regi- Lonjsko Polje consists of improving income and hence ji, toliko poboljπaju da domaÊem stanovniπtvu postane the standard of living of the area to a very considerable poæeljnim ondje ostati ili se vratiti i samoinicijativno pri- extent, so that the local population should wish either to hvatiti nastale moguÊnosti posla. Manjkave perspektive i remain there or go back and on their own initiative to previranja od 1990. uzrokovali su naime da se broj accept the opportunities for working that will have aris- stanovnika SisaËko-moslavaËke æupanije od 1971. sma- en. The poor outlook and the dissensions from 1990 on, njio za 30%, s 258.000 na 183.000, uz, prema sluæbenim led to the population of the Sisak and Moslavina County podacima, daljnju tendenciju opadanja. Sa zemlje u falling from 1971 by 30%, from 258,000 to 183,000 with prvom redu bjeæe mladi, tako da se veÊ vidi znatan ma- - according to official data - a tendency to further njak potomstva. Iz istoga razloga kuÊe stoje prazne, a decline. It is mainly the young that are leaving the coun- gospodarstva propadaju. Samo nove poslovne perspek- try, so that a decline in the birth rate can already be made tive i dodatni izvori prihoda, vezani uz bolju kakvoÊu out. For the same reason, the houses are empty and the æivljenja mogu sprijeËiti bijeg sa zemlje. Preduvjete za to farms are decaying. Only new business perspectives and treba stvoriti turizam. Tako, npr. za Francusku, „Plan additional sources of income connected with a greater Vila“ definira 30 novih turistiËkih zanimanja: on pred- quality of life can prevent the flight from the country- via viπe potencijala za zapoπljavanje neizravno od turiz- side. It is tourism that should create the preconditions ma nego izravno u turizmu. I Europska komisija (1999/C for this. For France, for example, the Plan Vila defines 178/03) objaπnjava da bi turistiËko gospodarstvo moglo 30 new tourist occupations: it anticipates greater poten- najviπe pridonijeti rastu i zapoπljavanju, kao i odræivom tials for employment indirectly from tourism than in razvoju, kad bi mu se pridala veÊa vaænost i kad bi se tourism directly. The European Commission (1999/C snaænije na tome ujedinila relevantna politika podruËja. 178/03) explains that the tourist economy can contribute „Za to je potreban opseæan koncept planiranja, razvoja i most to growth and employment as well as to sustainable provedbe turistiËkih aktivnosti, koji bi prikladno obuh- development when more importance is attached to it and vaÊao socijalne Ëinjenice i promiπljenu uporabu okoliπa.“ if the relevant political areas are more strongly integrated. "For this a broad concept of the planning of the development and implementation of tourist activities is 1.3 Odræivost i razvoj required, one that would appropriately include the social facts and make use of the environment in a properly Preporuke Europske komisije usredotoËuju se na pet thought out way." Ëimbenika uspjeha: •TuristiËki djelatnici moraju se viπe orijentirati na æelje gostiju. 1.3 Sustainability and development • Reklame i dobri okvirni uvjeti trebaju ojaËati konkurentnost i oæiviti træiπte. The recommendations of the European Commission • Moderne infrastrukture trebaju poveÊati uspjeπnost focus on five factors for success: odrediπta. • those in the industry should be more concerned with •Treba razviti druπtvene resurse. and aware of what guests want, •Treba poticati i osigurati odræivost razvoja.. • advertising and good general conditions should enhance the competitiveness and revitalise the market, Dva su od tih aspekata s glediπta træiπta meusobno usko • modern infrastructure should enhance the efficiency povezana: orijentiranost na æelje gostiju i odræivost of the destination razvoja. Jer, „doæivjeti lijepu, netaknutu prirodu“ ubraja • social resources have to be mobilised se danas meu tri glavne potrebe zahtjevnih turistiËkih • sustainable development has to be encouraged and træiπta [F.U.R. u „Reisemotive“ str. 15/19]. ensured.

No, odræivost znaËi viπe od oËuvanja prirode. WTO Two of these aspects are, from the point of view of the [Svjetska turistiËka organizacija ‡ Sustainable Tourism, marketplace, closely linked: attention to the desires of str. 21] definira njegov princip kako slijedi: the visitors, and sustainable development. Because "to be able to experience the beauty of unspoiled country- • Prirodni, povijesni, kulturni i drugi turistiËki resursi side" is today among the three main requirements of Ëuvaju se za trajnu uporabu u buduÊnosti, no istovre- more demanding tourist market. (F.U.R. in Reisemoti- meno se rabe i u korist danaπnjega druπtva. ve", p. 15-19).

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•Turizam je tako razvijen da ne uzrokuje ozbiljne But sustainability means more than just preserving the ekoloπke i socijalno-kulturoloπke probleme. nature. The WTO (World Tourism Organisation - • Ekoloπka kakvoÊa odrediπta ostaje oËuvana i Sustainable Tourism p. 21) defines this principle as follows: poboljπava se gdje god se pokaæe potreba. • Natural, historical, cultural and other tourist • Osigurava se visoki stupanj zadovoljstva turista kako resources are preserved for lasting use in the future, bi odrediπte ostalo popularno i konkurentno na but at the same time they are used for the benefit of træiπtu. today’s society • Prednosti turistiËkoga gospodarstva πirokoga su • Tourism is developed in such a way as not to cause spektra. serious ecological and social/cultural problems, • The ecological quality of the destination is to remain U meuvremenu, træiπte oËekuje odræivost turistiËkoga preserved, and even improved wherever a need is seen. razvoja i netaknutost prirode kao neπto samorazumljivo. • A high degree of tourist satisfaction is to be Ti Ëimbenici viπe nisu prednost u konkurenciji. U naj- achieved, so that the destination should remain pop- vaænije motive putovanja ubraja se doæivljaj prirode, ular and competitive on the market autentiËnosti i identiteta. • The advantages of the tourist economy have a broad spectrum. »eænja za prirodom se pritom izraæava u dva oblika: • kao estetska kontemplacija krajolika koji civilizacija In the meantime the market expects sustainable tourist nije dotaknula, development and an unspoiled nature as something that • kao iskoriπtavanje prirode za slobodne aktivnosti. is in and of itself entirely understandable. These facts do not any longer represent any advantage in the competi- Najpoæeljnija vrsta turistiËko-estetskog uæivanja u priro- tion. The experience of nature, authenticity and identity di doæivljaj je «pitoresknogaﬂ. Industrijalizirani i nase- are among the most important motivations for travelling. ljeni krajolici, graevine u zasebnom, funkcionalnom stilu, koji nema veze s lokalnom tradicijom, ili Ëak brda The longing for nature is expressed in two forms: otpada i oneËiπÊena voda, odnosno svi znaci modern- • as an aesthetic contemplation of a landscape that izacije nisu «pitoreskniﬂ. Oni straπe. civilisation has not impinged upon, • as use of nature for free activities. Naime, turist na svome putovanju traæi suprotnost od svoje svakodnevnice u koju Êe moÊi projicirati svoja The experience of the picturesque is the most desirable maπtanja i potrebe. A jedan je od najstarijih snova urban- form of the tourist/aesthetic enjoyment of nature. Industri- ih ljudi san o jednostavnom æivotu u prirodi i s prirodom. alised and populated landscapes, buildings in a special Sve πto podupire njegove slike iz maπte, pa i ako je rijeË functional style that has no connection with the local tradi- o nestvarnom i insceniranom, pridonijet Êe turistiËkom tion, and mountains of spoil and the pollution of the water, uspjehu. Joπ snaænije djeluju autentiËni doæivljaji koje that is, all the signs of modernisation, are not picturesque. turist susreÊe u æivahnoj seoskoj kulturi, u starim tradici- They scare people away. On his journey, the tourist looks jama i prirodnom okruæenju. for things that are completely the opposite of his everyday life, things onto which he is able to project his needs and fantasies. One of the oldest dreams of urban people is that 1.4 Put do proizvoda Posavina of the simple life in nature, with nature. Everything that supports these images from the imagination, even if they I meu turistima koji dolaze na godiπnji odmor i meu are unreal and choreographed, will contribute to tourist onima koji samo provode slobodno vrijeme, sve viπe je success. Still more effective are those authentic experi- onih koji tragaju za doæivljajima. Njihova potraga za ences that the tourist will meet in a lively rural culture, in kontrastima i suprotnim svjetovima, koji se moraju bitno the old traditions and the natural surroundings. razlikovati od njihove radne i æivotne svakodnevnice, otvaraju Posavini zanimljivu prigodu u turizmu. Ona poËiva na razliËitim moguÊnostima potencijala i na 1.4. The way to the Posavina product promjenama u potraænji. Dok su 60-ih i 70-ih godina tur- istiËku privredu obiljeæavali standardizirani pauπalni Among those tourists who are arriving on annual vacation, paketi, u novije vrijeme meunarodni razvoj odreuju and those who are just spending some free time, there are vrlo individualne turistiËke æelje, vezane uz kompleksne increasing numbers of those who are looking for experi- motive i aktivnosti. Meu mnogim, razliËito orijentiran- ences. Their search for contrasts and opposite worlds that im ciljnim skupinama i prema njima nastalim tipovima are essentially different from their working lives and their

10 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina proizvoda koji su se u novije vrijeme razvili, WTO1 everyday worlds provides for Posavina an interesting svakoj od sljedeÊih vrsta ponude priznaje nadpropor- chance in the tourist industry. It rests on the varying cionalne izglede za rast. I Europska komisija u nedavno opportunities of the potentials and on changes in demand. objavljenoj studiji2 doπla je do istog zakljuËka. While in the 1960s and 1970s the tourist economy was dominated by the standardised package, in recent times Potencijal Posavine ne dopuπta samo ostvarenje jedne od international development is determined by very individ- ovih vrsta ponude nego istovremeno povezivanje svih ual tourist desires related to complex motivations and pet u jedan cjelovit proizvod i ostvarenje jednog, u activities. Among the many different orientation target europskim razmjerima uzornog projekta koji jednako groups and the types of product created in line with them odgovara træiπnim kretanjima, kao i duhu vremena te developed recently. The WTO1 assigns each of the follow- svim zahtjevima socijalne, kulturoloπke i ekoloπke ing kinds disproportionately large chances for growth and odræivosti: the European Commission too has in a recently published study2 has come to the same conclusions. Seoski turizam: tipiËan æivot u tradicionalnim seoskim strukturama, s rijetkim vrstama domaÊih æivotinja, The Posavina potential does not allow just one of these smjeπtaj u starim, obnovljenim drvenim kuÊama, kontakt kinds of products to be put into practice, rather the link- sa seljacima, pastirima i ribarima, lokalna gastronomija i age of all five into a single integrated product and the cre- drugi proizvodi iz poljoprivrede, vrta i obrta, æiva tradi- ation of a model project in European dimensions, which cija, narodna glazba i narodni plesovi. corresponds to the trends in the market to the same extent as it does to the spirit of the times, and all the require- Prirodni turizam: doæivljaj parka prirode Lonjsko polje, ments of social, cultural and ecological sustainability: s njegovom faunom, florom i oËuvanim krajolikom. Farmhouse tourism: the typical life in traditional rural Aktivni turizam: za okoliπ prihvatljivi sportovi svih structures with rare species of domestic animals, accom- vrsta (πetnje, voænje biciklom, mountainbike, ture modation in old, renovated wooden houses, contact with kanuima, jahanje, ribolov) ‡ posebno privlaËni u vezi sa farmers, shepherds and fishermen, local gastronomy and other products from the agriculture, garden and trades, seoskim, prirodnim i kulturnim turizmom. the living tradition, folk music and dances; Kulturni turizam: upoznavanje osebujne kulture Nature tourism: the experience of Lonjsko Polje Nature Posavine, kao i povijesti te regije, koja je s jedne strane Park, with its fauna, flora and preserved landscape; oπtro dijelila Orijent od Europe, a s druge ih je strane u vrijeme mira, gradeÊi mostove, povezivala. Active tourism: environmentally aware sport of all kinds (walks, bike riding, mountain bike, canoes, riding, Tematski turizam: tematska orijentiranost ponude (na angling) - particularly attractive in connection with rural, trgovima...), koja moæe biti slobodno izmiπljena natural and cultural tourism; (Disney) ili imati autentiËne korijene u kraju (povijest, legende, tradicije). Cultural tourism: getting to know the distinctive and alien culture of Posavina as well as the history of the Uz to dolazi i πesti aspekt. Srediπnje podruËje projekta region, which on the one hand sharply divided the Orient bilo je stoljeÊima vojna granica, oko koje su se vodile from the West, and on the other hand - in times of peace æestoke borbe Habsburgovaca i Turaka, a koja je u ono - built bridges that linked them. vrijeme bila za Europu od æivotne vaænosti. Ovo je podruËje oËito moralo patiti od ratnih razmirica do Thematic tourism: the thematic orientation of the prod- najnovije povijesti. UpeËatljiv dokaz o tome pruæa uct (on the squares…) which can be freely invented mjesto Jasenovac na hrvatsko-bosanskoj granici, koje je (Disney) or can have authentic roots in the area (history, u Drugom svjetskom ratu bilo sjediπte najveÊega kon- legends, traditions). This core region for centuries con- centracijskog logora u jugoistoËnoj Europi. stituted the military border, a border that there was fierce fighting for, between the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Turks, one that was of vital importance for the Europe of the time. This region also clearly must have suffered deeply in the wars of recent times. A clear indication of this is given by the village of Jasenovac on the border between Croatia and Bosnia; in World War II, this was the site of the biggest concentration camp in SEE.

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1.5 Menadæment i privatne inicijative 1.5 Management and private initiatives

Jezgra turistiËkoga proizvoda sastoji se od The core tourist products consist of the • okvira (potencijala), • framework (the potential) • ponudbene infrastrukture i • the infrastructure of supply and • usluænoga podruËja. • the service area.

Dok potencijala ima u izobilju, preostala dva preduvjeta While there are plenty of potentials, in abundance, two treba tek stvoriti. Infrastruktura ponude podlijeæe jednim conditions still remain to be created. The supply infra- dijelom javnosti, a s druge strane potpada pod privatni structure partly falls within the public sphere, but on the sektor (smjeπtaj, restorani). Usluæni sektor, naprotiv, other hand is subject to the private sector as well gotovo je posve vezan uz privatni sektor. Stoga je za ost- (accommodation, catering). The service sector, on the varenje koncepta odluËujuÊe hoÊe li se ljude u Posavini other hand, is entirely linked to the private sector. For uspjeti pridobiti za angaæman. To pak ovisi o tome: this reason it is crucial for the realisation of the concept • kako se provodi realizacija, whether people in Posavina can be persuaded to make • koje poticaje privatni sektor uistinu dobiva, a ne the commitment. This in turn depends on samo potrebuje, • how the realisation is carried out • koje im perspektive koncept prikazuje realistiËno i • which incentives the private sector really gets, and uvjerljivo. does not just need, • what perspectives the concept really and convincing- ly provides them.

Tablica 1.1.: Razvojni cilj lokalnog stanovniπtva Pitanje: “Kada bi ispitanici imali dovoljno novaca, u πto bi ga najrae uloæili u Lonjskom polju?” (u%) Izvor: Institut Ivo Pilar (2001): “BuduÊnost na rubu moËvare”, str. 267

Table 1.1 Development objectives of the local population Question: If the respondents had enough money, what would they most like to invest it into in Lonjsko Polje (in %) Slika 1.1. Seoski vrtovi u MuæilovËici / Source: Ivo Pilar Institute (2001): The future on the edge of the Village gardens in MuæilovËica wetlands, p. 267

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S obzirom na oËitu sloæenost cjelokupnoga projekta, Because of the very clear complexity of the whole proj- predvidivo ograniËena sredstva, gospodarske pritiske i ect, the predicted limitations of funding, the economic viπeslojno odreivanje ciljeva, postoji potreba za jedin- pressures and the multiple definition of the objectives, stvenim menadæmentom koji Êe odrediti prioritete, there is a need for a united management that will deter- upravljati realizacijom i meusobno povezivati sve mine the priorities, manage the implementation of them aktivnosti. and link all the activities together. Management must above all constantly bring in the pri- Menadæment mora ponajprije stalno ukljuËivati privatni vate sector - not only because the economic advantages sektor - ne samo zato πto gospodarske prednosti tu- of tourist development are indirectly beneficial to the ristiËkoga razvoja neposredno koriste stanovniπtvu nego population, but because the attractiveness of the product zato πto privlaËnost ponude u πirokom smislu ovisi o in the broader sense depends on the understanding and razumijevanju i inicijativama ljudi na licu mjesta. initiatives of people on the spot. That is, in connection Naime, kod pet spomenutih vrsta ponude potpuno je with the five kinds of product mentioned, it is totally jasno da lijepa kulisa parka prirode, sela i kulturnoga clear that the attractive backdrop of the Nature Park, the krajolika svoju intenzivnu vrijednost doæivljaja stjeËe countryside and the cultural landscape will acquire their tek u susretima s ljudima koji tamo æive. Zbog toga se most intensive experiential valorisation only via encoun- oni, pa Ëak i oni koji ne profitiraju izravno, moraju ters with the people who live there. For this reason, even shvaÊati kao domaÊini, Ëuvari i njegovatelji svoje those who do not profit directly, should be understood as posavske kulture, pa Ëak i kao “glumci” ako se radi o hosts, guardians and cultivators of the Posavina culture, tome da se tradicije prikazuju, objaπnjavaju ili da se u even if as actors, if it is a question of the traditions being skladu s njima æivi. presented, explained, lived in accordance with. Since people in Posavina have practically no experience BuduÊi da ljudi u Posavini zapravo nemaju nikakvih with tourism, one of the first practical measures should iskustava u turizmu, jedna od prvih praktiËnih mjera bit be the construction of a network of initiatives of small Êe izgradnja mreæe inicijativa malog i srednjeg and medium sized enterprise. Looked at over the long poduzetniπtva. DugoroËno gledano, te inicijative trebaju term, these initiatives need qualified support in the area kvalificiranu potporu u podruËju gospodarskoga plani- of economic planning and financing, the development of ranja i financiranja, razvoja ponude i obrazovanja, kao i products and education, as well as in marketing. It would u marketingu. PreporuËljivim se Ëini model poslovanja seem desirable to have a model of operating renovated obnovljenih seoskih gospodarstava, koja prihvaÊaju sve farms that accept all functions of support, above all edu- funkcije potpore i, ponajprije, obrazovanja. cation and training.

2. PodruËje projekta 2. The area of the project

PodruËje projekta ne moæe se definirati prema adminis- The region of the project cannot be defined according to trativnim granicama æupanije ili opÊina jer za turistiËku the administrative borders of the county or the municipal- potraænju takve granice nemaju nikakvo znaËenje. Za ity because for the tourist industry such borders have no posjetitelja je odluËujuÊa jedino privlaËnost podruËja i meaning at all. What is decisive for the visitor is only the njegova ukljuËenost u turizam. UzimajuÊi to u obzir, attractiveness and its being involved in tourism. Taking projektom Êe biti koncipirano nekoliko primjera πto Êe this aspect into consideration, the project will conceive posluæiti kao modeli koji Êe se meusobno povezati u several examples to serve as models that will be combined turistiËku jezgru. PolazeÊi od te jezgre, u sljedeÊim faza- together into the tourist core. With this core as a point of ma bi se trebala integrirati i od turistiËkog razvoja profi- departure, in the subsequent phases the whole interior of tirati Ëitava unutraπnjost Hrvatske, ukljuËujuÊi i susjedne the country should be integrated and profit from tourist zemlje. development, as should neighbouring countries.

TuristiËka jezgra se nalazi u SisaËko-moslavaËkoj The tourist core is located in the Sisak and Moslavina æupaniji. Na sjeveru ona seæe do Zagreba, a na jugu do County. In the north it stretches as far as Zagreb, and in Bosne i Hercegovine. Proteæe se na povrπini od 4.448 the south to Bosnia and Herzegovina. It extends over an km2, sa πest gradova, trinaest opÊina i 456 sela. U area of 4,448 square kilometres, with six cities, thirteen æupaniji æivi 183.000 stanovnika. Iako pokriva 7,9% communes and 456 villages. Some 183,000 people live ukupne povrπine Hrvatske, u SisaËko-moslavaËkoj in the country. Although it covers 7.9% of the entire area æupaniji æivi tek 3,8% ukupne populacije. To se podruËje of Croatia, only 3.8% of the total population lives in the

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Slika 2.1. Pregledna karta / Review map stoga ubraja u najslabije naseljena podruËja Hrvatske Sisak and Moslavina County. This area is thus among the (41,3 stanovnika / km2). least densely populated areas of Croatia (41.3 inhabitants per square kilometre). Glavni grad æupanije je Sisak. ZahvaljujuÊi idealnom The county town is Sisak. Thanks to its ideal position on poloæaju na Ëvoriπtu rijeka Odre, Kupe i Save, Segestika the confluence of the Odra, Kupa and Sava rivers, ili Siscija bila je joπ od davnina vaæno trgovaËko i Segestika or Siscia was in ancient times an important upravno srediπte Panonije. U doba Kelta i Ilira grad je centre for trade and government in Panonia. At the time veÊ imao 20.000 ‡ 30.000 stanovnika. Pod Rimljanima of the Celts and Illyrians, the town already had a popu- se taj broj popeo Ëak na 40.000, brojka koju grad sa svo- lation of 20 - 30,000. At the time of the Romans, this jih 37.500 stanovnika ni danas ne doseæe. figure rose to 40,000, a number that the town has not to this day regained, with its current population of 37,500.

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Muzej na otvorenom D. KupËina / GraniËna rijeka Una / Museum at open D. KupËina Una boardering river

Tvrava Kostajnica / Muzej na otvorenom D. KupËina / Fortress Kostajnica Museum at open D. KupËina

Poplavne πume na Kupi / Floaded forest along Kupa

Drvena crkva na Kupi / Kostajnica / Wooden church on Kupa Kostajnica

Bilten parka prirode 15 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

2.1 Srediπnje podruËje: 2.1. The central area: poplavno podruËje Save the Sava flood plain

U prvoj fazi izgradnje turistiËki se razvoj mora usredo- In the first phase of construction, tourist development toËiti na srediπnje podruËje kako bi se jasno usmjerenim must be concentrated on the central or core area, so that naporom πto je moguÊe prije postigli uoËljivi uËinci. visible results can be achieved as rapidly as possible with concentrated efforts. To srediπnje podruËje obuhvaÊa dolinu Save u SisaËko- moslavaËkoj æupaniji, od gradskih vrata Siska preko This central area covers the Sava valley in the Sisak and Jasenovca do mjesta Stara Gradiπka. Njegove granice Moslavina County, from the Sisak city gate via pribliæno odreuje autocesta E70 i dræavne ceste 47, 5, Jasenovac to the town of Stara Gradiska. Its borders are 224 i 36, kao i dræavna cesta 141 na bosanskoj strani. more or less defined by the E70 motorway and national highways 45, 7, 224 and 36, as well as national highway Park prirode Lonjsko polje, smjeπten u samom srediπtu 141 on the Bosnian side. toga srediπnjeg podruËja, proteæe se na 506 km2 lijevo od Save, pokrivajuÊi gotovo polovicu regije. U njegovim Lonjsko Polje Nature Park, which is located in the very selima »igoË, KrateËko, MuæilovËica, Suvoj, Lonja, centre of the central area, extends over 506 square Drenov Bok i Krapje koncentrirana je kulturno-povijes- metres left of the Sava River, covering almost half of the na baπtina Posavine u obliku slavenske arhitekture region. In its villages of »igoË, KrateËko, MuæilovËica, drvenih kuÊa i tradicionalnoga seoskog æivota. Te Suvoj, Lonja, Drenov Bok and Krapje the cultural and nepatvorene slike treba historical heritage of Posavina is concentrated in the • oËuvati ili obnoviti jer one form of the Slavonic architecture of the wooden houses • regiji daju jedinstven karakter u Europi i pitoresknu and the traditional customs of country life. These draæ. unadulterated images need • preserving or renovating because they Zajedno sa Savom, rijeËnim dolinama, poplavnim • give the region a unique character in Europe and a livadama i hrastovim πumama, jezerima, biotopima i highly picturesque charm. podruËjima netaknute prirode, posavska sela Ëine iznim- no privlaËan okvir za turistiËko usmjerenje. To bi trebala Together with the Sava, with the river valleys, the water biti primarna turistiËka tema! Tradicionalna poljoprivre- meadows and the oak forests, the lakes, the biotopes and da preuzima u tome vodeÊu ulogu. Uvrπtavanje parka areas of unspoiled nature, the Posavina villages constitute prirode Lonjsko polje u Ramsarski popis i proglaπavan- an exceptionally attractive framework for the tourist orien- je vaænim staniπtem ptica u Europi [IBA3] naglaπava tation. This should be the primary topic of tourism. Within njegovo meunarodno znaËenje. Park ispunjava sve kri- this, traditional agriculture takes on a leading role. The terije za uvrπtavanje u UNESCO-ov popis svjetske kul- placing of the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park on the Ramsar turne baπtine (continued cultural landscape). List and its proclamation as one of the most important bird habitat in Europe (IBA3) underline how important it is from an international point of view. The Park meets all the 2.2 Susjedne regije criteria for being placed on the UNESCO World Heritage list as a continued cultural landscape. Sadræaji koje nude susjedne regije nisu spektakularni, ali su u svakom sluËaju zanimljivi. Stoga ih u kasnijim faza- ma treba povezati sa srediπnjim podruËjem, zajedno 2.2 Neighbouring regions plasirati na træiπte i razviti prema kriterijima ekonomske isplativosti. The contents provided by neighbouring regions are not spectacular, but are certainly interesting. For this reason in Glavno se znaËenje pritom pridaje Sisku, koji - unatoË the later phases they need to be linked up with the central svojoj povijesti koja seæe preko rimskoga doba do doba or core area, and sold together on the market and devel- Kelta i Ilira - posjeduje tek malobrojne dokaze vremena oped according to criteria of how they pay economically. iz doba antike, ali ih zato vrlo spretno prezentira. Vrlo je In this, central importance needs to be given to Sisak, dojmljiva sisaËka tvrava, sagraena na utoku Kupe u which, in spite of a history that stretches back via the Savu, kao vaæan stup habsburπke Vojne krajine, pred Roman period to the Celts and the Illyrians, actually has Ëijim je zidinama krπÊanska vojska izvojevala very few items of evidence from the ancient period and odluËujuÊu pobjedu (22. lipnja 1593.) nad Turcima. yet nevertheless presents them very effectively. Very

16 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Na toj su se granici, na kojoj se odluËivalo i o sudbini impressive is the Sisak fortress, built at the point where Europe, tijekom stoljeÊa sretale kulture Istoka i Zapada, the Kupa flows into the Sava, an important pillar of the æiveÊi zajedno i meusobno se izmjenjujuÊi u plodnim, Habsburg Military Border, in front of the walls of which stvaralaËkim mijenama. To je joπ jedna posebna tema the Christian army won a decisive battle (June 22 1593) regije Ëije znaËenje prelazi nacionalne granice. Taj dio against the Ottoman forces. On this border, on which the povijesti ne bi trebalo samo inscenirati u doæivljajnom fate of Europe was decided, over the centuries, the cul- parku u Sisku, nego i posjetiteljima omoguÊiti da ga real- tures of East and West met, living together and alternat- no doæive. U tu se svrhu mogu ponuditi gradovi ing with each other in fertile and creative changes. This is (Kostajnica, Slavonski Brod), istaknute toËke krajolika, another special topic of the region, the importance of ruπevine, navade i obiËaji, povijest i predaja [4]. Osim which goes beyond the national border. This part of his- toga, unutar uskog gravitacijskoga podruËja treba tory should not be only stage set in the experience park in povezati sve ribnjake, toplice, muzeje, trænice i tradi- Sisak, rather visitors should be enabled to feel it realisti- cionalne sveËanosti. cally. For this purpose the cities of Kostajnica and Slavonski Brod can be put forward, for they are prominent points in the landscape, ruins, customs and manners, 2.3 Zagreb history and tradition. In addition to this, all the fishponds, spas, museums, market places and traditional ceremoni- Zagreb je sam po sebi lijep grad, no u usporedbi s als need linking together within a narrow focal area. velikim metropolama Europe poneπto zaostaje jer ne posjeduje neobiËne ili istaknute atrakcije, a pogotovo ne unikatne znamenitosti. 2.3 Zagreb Neπto posebno se, meutim, moæe razviti tako da se neposredno ispred grada kulturni krajolik jedinstven u In itself, Zagreb is an attractive town, yet in comparison Ëitavoj Europi, park prirode Lonjsko polje i tradicional- with the great capitals of Europe there is something want- ni ruralni naËin æivota oblikuju u doæivljajima bogat tu- ing to it, because it possesses no unusual or prominent ristiËki proizvod, Ëime bi se: attractions, particularly no features of unique interest. Something special, however, can be developed, by form- • obogatila ponuda grada Zagreba, ing, immediately in front of the city, a cultural landscape • stvorilo odmaraliπte za stanovnike Zagreba, that is unique in European terms, the Lonjsko Polje • kao vaænog træiπta za ovaj projekt. Nature Park and the traditional rural manner of life, in an experience-rich tourist product, which would certainly: • enrich the product of the city of Zagreb 2.4 Srediπnje podruËje kao jezgra • create a rest and recreation area for the inhabitants of Zagreb, DugoroËni cilj koncepta ukljuËuje Ëitavu srednju i • as important market for this project. istoËnu Hrvatsku te regije s druge strane granica. Tako se uz Dunav, Dravu i Muru mogu sresti æivotni prostori usporedivi s Lonjskim poljem (KopaËki rit). Vrijedni 2.4 The central area as core posjeta su i mnogi gradovi: Varaædin, Karlovac, Slavonski Brod, Vukovar i Osijek. The long-term objective of the concept includes the Meutim, snaæni gospodarski poticaji ostvareni turiz- whole of central and eastern Croatia and the regions on mom pretpostavljaju i visoka ulaganja, koja pak ovise o the other side of the borders. Thus alongside the Danube, oËekivanoj uËestalosti iskoriπtavanja i prihoda. Te se Drava and Mura, living spaces comparable with Lonjsko pretpostavke, zbog nezaobilazne faze izgradnje, ne Polje can be met (KopaËki rit). Many of the towns are mogu istovremeno stvoriti na svim prikladnim mjestima. also worth visiting: Varaædin, Karlovac, Slavonski Brod, Stoga se preporuËuje: Vukovar and Osijek. • ispitivanje i zaπtita potencijala, However, powerful economic impulses through tourism • dosljedna izgradnja magneta i take for granted high investment, which in turn depend • njegovo postupno povezivanje s dopunjujuÊim cilje- on the expectation of frequent use and income. These vima. assumptions, because of the essential construction phase, cannot be created at the same time in all the appropriate places. For this reason, it is recommended: • to investigate and protect the potentials • to build up the magnet with great consistency and • to link it gradually with the supplementary objectives.

Bilten parka prirode 17 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Dvorac princ Eugen u Bilju / Tvrava Varaædin / Prince Eugene’s Palaca in Bilje Varaædin Fortress

Koprivnica, gradski centar / KopaËki rit na Dunavu / City centre, Koprivnica KopaËki Rit, Danube

Slavonski Brod - model tvrave / Drava ispod Novog Virja / Slavonski Brod, model of the fortress The Drava, below Novo Virje

Selo Repaπ u istoimenoj πumi, Drava / Bilje, Baranja / The village of Repaπ, in the forest of the same name, the Drava Bilje, Baranja

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3 PostojeÊe stanje 3 The existing situation

3.1 Klima srediπnjega podruËja 3.1 The climate of the central area

S prosjeËnim temperaturama koje su u proljeÊe i na With mean temperatures that are in the spring and at the vrhuncu ljeta vrlo niske, a u jesen neπto viπe, ali ispod height of the summer very little, and in the autumn a lit- temperatura na jadranskoj obali, ovdaπnja klima dopuπta tle more, below the temperature on the Adriatic coast, the turistiËku sezonu otprilike od sredine travnja do poËetka climate here allows for a tourist season from approxi- studenoga. Kao takva, klima je vrlo ugodna za aktivnos- mately the middle of April to the beginning of November. ti u prirodi. The climate is very agreeable for activities in nature.

Broj sunËanih sati u Zagrebu (1.808 hpa) je doduπe manji Number of sunny hours in Zagreb (1,808 hpa) is it is true od broja sunËanih sati u Puli (2.342 hpa) i Dubrovniku clearly lower than the number of sunny hours in Pula (2.598 hpa); no gotovo jednak onome na jezeru Garda (2,342 hpa) and Dubrovnik (2,598 hpa) but is almost the (1.970 hpa) i u Luganu (2.024 hpa). Povoljnije su okol- same as at Lake Garda (1,970 hpa) and in Lugano (2,024 nosti za srediπnje podruËje kad je u pitanju godiπnja hpa). The conditions in the central area are more koliËina padalina (864 mm): Lugano (1.742 mm), favourable with respect to precipitation - 864 mm pa; the Dubrovnik (1.301 mm), jezero Garda (996 mm). figures for Lugano are 1,742 mm pa, Dubrovnik 1,301 mm, Lake Garda 996 mm.

3.2 Infrastruktura 3.2 Infrastructure 3.2.1 Prometne veze Prometne veze u parku prirode Lonjsko polje su dobre. 3.2.1 Transportation connections • Park dodiruje autocesta Zagreb-Beograd i dræavne Transportations in the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park are ceste. good. • Srediπnje podruËje udaljeno je samo sat vremena voænje osobnim automobilom od zraËne luke Zagreb. • The park is fringed by the Zagreb-Belgrade motorway and the national highways. • The central area is only an hour distant by car from Zagreb Airport. • The park can be accessed by single track railway via Kutina, Novska, Sisak and Jasenovac and • From Karlovac and the capital city by 1st class river boats or • By bicycle, cyclists in good physical condition being able to make the trip in a day (80-100 km). • Upstream from the Danube, the Sava is navigable for quite large vessels as far as Sisak.

Tablica 3.1.: ProsjeËne temperature zraka u Zagrebu, Dubrovniku i Puli / Average temperatures in Zagreb, Dubrovnik and Pula

Izvor podataka: NjemaËka meteoroloπka sluæba, klimatski podaci Europe. Source: German Meteorological Service, climate data for Slika 3.1. Predloæeni put uz Savu kod Boka blizu Siska / Europe Proposed road alongside the Sava near Bok close to Sisak

Bilten parka prirode 19 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

• Iz Zagreba se do parka moæe stiÊi jednotraËnom æe- A picturesque route, very interesting for tourists, leads ljeznicom preko Kutine, Novske te Siska i Jasenov- along the Sava embankment (levee) from the suburbs of ca, kao i Zagreb, along the windings of the river, through villages • iz Karlovca i glavnoga grada rijeËnim brodovima I. that are becoming increasingly attractive: Oborovo, klase ili Mahovo, Hrastelnica, or on the left side of the river • biciklom, s tim da tu udaljenost biciklisti u dobroj through the Odra polje, by Sisak and directly into the cen- formi mogu prevaliti u jednom danu (80 - 100 km). tral area, finishing in Jasenovac on the Bosnian border. • Uzvodno od Dunava Sava je do Siska plovna i za veÊa plovila. One of the most important measures will consist of restricting the use of the route to public and ecological Slikovit, turistiËki zanimljiv put vodi savskim nasipom transport or to members of the local population. The od zagrebaËkih predgraa, duæ rijeËnih zavijutaka, kroz pollution caused by traffic could endanger equally the sela koja postaju sve privlaËnija; Oborovo, Mahovo, quality of life of the inhabitants and the tourist attrac- Hrastelnica ili, s lijeve strane rijeke, kroz Odransko tiveness of the area, and hence the objectives of the polje, pokraj Siska te izravno u srediπnje podruËje, a whole project. zavrπava u Jasenovcu na bosanskoj granici. Jedna od najvaænijih mjera sastojat Êe se u tome da se 3.2.2 Effluent and waste management uporaba te rute ograniËi na javni i ekoloπki promet, kao i na okolne stanovnike. Naime, oneËiπÊenje uzrokovano The management of effluent in Zagreb, Karlovac, Kutina prometom u jednakoj bi mjeri moglo ugroziti kakvoÊu and Sisak constitute a problem. While in Zagreb plant is æivota stanovnika kao i turistiËku privlaËnost, a time currently being constructed, the effluent of the other ujedno i ciljeve projekta. cities is still drained into the Kupa and Sava.

3.2.2 Zbrinjavanje otpadnih voda i otpada One international study5 which should obligatorily be Zbrinjavanje otpadnih voda je problem u Zagrebu, put into practice envisages a solution to the problem and Karlovcu, Kutini i Sisku. Dok se u Zagrebu upravo gradi a powerful alleviation of the load on the rivers up to ureaj kojim Êe se to rijeπiti, otpadne vode ostalih 2015. As well as the effluent produced by a population spomenutih gradova joπ se odvode u Kupu i Savu. of 1.5 million, the waste water of 18 major industrial Jedna meunarodna studija5, koju bi obvezno trebalo ost- polluters must be cleansed, for this represents 80% of all variti, predvia rjeπenje problema i snaæno rastereÊenje pollution. For these treatment measures, in the frame- rijeka do 2015. godine. Osim otpadnih voda, koje work of the Danube protection system, investment in the proizvodi 1,5 milijuna stanovnika, moraju se proËistiti i amount of 370 million euros is required. In this context, otpadne vode 18 velikih industrijskih oneËiπÊivaËa apart from the ecological aspects, it is also necessary to okoliπa, na koje otpada 80% oneËiπÊenja. Za te mjere think about the fact that it would be of enormous value proËiπÊavanja u okviru zaπtite Dunava potrebne su inves- to tourism if the Sava were to achieve the water quality ticije u iznosu od 370 milijuna eura. U tom kontekstu required for bathing. Downstream the Sava is also of treba, osim s ekoloπkih aspekata, promisliti i o tome da great importance for obtaining drinking water. Today bi za turistiËki razvoj bilo od ogromnoga znaËenja kad bi pollution is degrading the natural river valleys and the Sava postigla kakvoÊu vode za kupanje. Sava je nizvod- natural water course. A quality in the central area of no od velikog znaËenja i za dobivanje pitke vode. Danas between II and III, which is still adequate for 49 fish oneËiπÊenja razgrauju prirodne rijeËne doline i prirodan species, can be attained in the Sava only through a high rijeËni tok. KakvoÊu u srediπnjem podruËju izmeu II. i degree of naturalness. III., koja je joπ dovoljna za 49 vrsta riba, Sava moæe postiÊi samo visokim stupnjem prirodnosti. As for solid waste management, however, Sisak is a model. The waste dump, located alas across the way No, kad je rijeË o zbrinjavanju otpada, Sisak je uzoran. from the fortress, right on one of the old meanders of the Odlagaliπte smeÊa ‡ smjeπteno, naæalost, preko puta Sava, is handled according to international standards. tvrave, izravno na jednom starom rukavcu Save ‡ sani- Paper and glass are recycled. In this area it is not possi- rano je prema meunarodnim standardima. Staklo i papir ble to notice garbage loose in the environment, as else- se recikliraju. U ovom se podruËju ne moæe primijetiti where in Croatia. In spite of this, the river still leaves on razbacano smeÊe u okoliπu, kao u ostalim dijelovima its banks much of the trash that it brings with it. Hrvatske. UnatoË tome, rijeka joπ na svojim obalama ostavlja mnogo smeÊa koje donosi sa sobom.

20 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

3.2.3 Seoska infrastruktura 3.2.3 Village infrastructure Sela æupanije ukljuËena su u sisaËki sustav zbrinjavanja The villages of the county are included in the Sisak otpada. Pitka voda dolazi iz bunara koji ljeti mogu waste management system. Drinking water comes from presuπiti. Otpadne vode se primitivno zbrinjavaju u wells, which can dry up in summer. Waste water is han- septiËkim jamama (“crnim” jamama). Jasenovac ima dled through septic tanks. Jasenovac has a ready-pre- gotov projekt za rjeπavanje problema opskrbe vodom i pared plan for the handling of the water supply and efflu- zbrinjavanja vode, no za njegovu realizaciju nedostaju ent management problem, but there are no funds to put sredstva. this into practice.

3.2.4 Opskrba strujom 3.2.4. Electricity supply Sva mjesta srediπnjega podruËja prikljuËena su na elek- All the places in the central area are on the grid. triËnu mreæu. However, the replacement of the traditional wooden No, zamjena tradicionalnih drvenih stupova masivnim poles by massive concrete posts that was carried out in betonskima, koja je nedavno provedena, i to bez imalo the recent past, without a bit of feeling for the image of osjeÊaja za sliku sela, svaku pojedinaËnu kuÊu ili the countryside, for each individual house or the whole cjelokupni okoliπ, odraæava se vrlo negativno na estetski of the environment, had a very negative effect on the dojam sela i krajolika. aesthetic impression of the villages and the landscape.

3.2.5 Komunikacijski sustavi 3.2.5 Communication systems Sva su mjesta povezana telefonskom mreæom i dostupna All the towns and villages are linked with the telephone mobilnom sustavu. network and are accessible via the cell phone system.

3.2.6 Kupovina i suveniri 3.2.6 Shopping and souvenirs Stanovnici sela se opskrbljuju u susjednim gradovima. The inhabitants of the countryside do their shopping in the Trgovine za najnuæniju dnevnu opskrbu nalaze se samo neighbouring towns. Shops for the most essential daily u veÊim mjestima. requirements can be found only in large places. Souvenirs Suveniri se mogu nabaviti u malom privatnom muzeju u can be obtained in the little private museum in »igoË, which »igoËu, koji izlaæe posavske noπnje i poljoprivredne shows Posavina costume and agricultural tools, and in more ureaje, a u novije vrijeme ih nudi i Uprava Parka. recent times the Park Administration has provided them too.

3.3 Razvoj turizma 3.3 Development of tourism

U SisaËko-moslavaËkoj se æupaniji doduπe moæda gleda In the Sisak and Moslavina County it is possible to look na turizam kao na izvor nade, no kao gospodarski at tourism, of course, as a source of hope, but as an eco- Ëimbenik on joπ nema nikakva znaËenja. To se moæe vid- nomic factor, it still has not importance whatsoever. jeti na temelju dvaju pokazatelja: This can be seen from two indicators: • Æupanija ne raspolaæe niti s 0,1 % hrvatskih kreveta • The county does not have even 0.1% of all Croatian za goste, odnosno s 557 od 709.185 [Turizam u 2000. beds for guests, that is, it has 557 beds out of the total godini, str. 41]. of 709,185 (Tourism in 2000, p. 41). •Nije izraen turistiËki koncept za prostorni plan • No tourist concept for the land plan of the county has æupanije, πto je obiËaj u gotovo svim drugim regijama. been drawn up, which is the custom in almost all the other regions. 3.3.1 Ponuda Hotelska ponuda svodi se na toplice u Topuskom, ugos- 3.3.1. Supply / Product titeljski objekt Panonija s dvije zvjezdice u Sisku, priva- The range of hotels comes down to the spa at Topusko, tizirani hotel Kutina, mali, lijepo obnovljeni hotel the hotel Panonija, two star, in Sisak, the privatised Central u Kostajnici i jednu ruπevinu u Jasenovcu. Hotel Kutina, the small and nicely renovated Central Autokampova nema, a isto tako niti «Bed & Breakfastﬂ Hotel in Kostajnica, and a ruin in Jasenovac. There are usluga ili pansiona. no auto-camps, and similarly no B&B services. Nije bolje ni u gastronomiji. Ipak, vrlo su zanimljive pri- The situation with respect to restaurants is no better. vatne inicijative u pojedinim selima parka prirode, koje Still, there are some interesting private initiatives in su pravi doæivljaj za onoga tko traæi izvorni seoski æivot. some of the villages in the Nature Park, which are a real experience for those who are looking for a taste of original country life.

Bilten parka prirode 21 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Angaæman se moæe osjetiti i drugdje: Engagement can be felt elsewhere as well: • Sisak izgrauje pouËnu stazu o povijesti grada, koja • Sisak is building a learning trail about the history of Êe prolaziti od glavnog kolodvora i rijeËnoga pris- the city, which will go from the main station and boat taniπta, duæ rijeke do tvrave. dock, along the river, to the fort. • Europsko selo roda »igoË privlaËi sa svojim festival- • The European Stork Village of »igoË is attractive for om roda. its stork festival. • Hotel Kutina je uredio moslavaËku seosku konobu i • The Hotel Kutina has set up its Moslavina village nudi vikende s degustacijom vina i posjetima parku cellar and offers weekends with wine tasting and vis- prirode. its to the nature park. • Park prirode Lonjsko polje kupio je Ëetiri stare drvene • The Lonjsko Polje Nature Park has bought four old kuÊe za obnavljanje, radi na sustavu voenja posjetitel- wooden houses for renovation, is working on a sys- ja i djeËjim programima, na materijalu za marketing i tem of guided tours for visitors and on children’s pro- odnose s javnoπÊu. Razvio se u priznatoga glasnogov- grammes, on material for marketing and public rela- ornika i branitelja posavskoga kulturnog naslijea. tions. It has developed into an admitted spokesperson for and defender of the Posavina cultural heritage. 3.3.2 Potraænja Godine 2000. u æupaniji je ostvareno 47.600 noÊenja, od 3.3.2 Demand kojih je 8.600 otpalo na inozemne goste. 56% svih In 2000, there were 47,600 bed-nights sold in the coun- noÊenja postiglo je Topusko, 27% Sisak i 10% grad ty, of these, 8,600 were accounted for by foreign guests. Kutina ‡ no srediπnje podruËje, Lonjsko polje niti 0,1%. Topusko accounted for 56% of all these, Sisak 27%, and the town of Kutina 10%; however, the central area of Kao cilj izletniËkog i dnevnog turizma, srediπnje Lonjsko Polje did not account for even 0.1%. podruËje ima bogatiju ponudu: izlete za autobusne As objective for excursion and daily tourism, the central skupine, πkolske izlete, pa Ëak i poseban vlak iz Zagreba area has plenty to offer: excursions for bus groups, za festival roda u »igoËu. UnatoË tome, turisti tek rijetko school excursions and even a special train from Zagreb zalutaju u posavska sela ili u park prirode. for the »igoË Stork Festival. In spite of this, tourists sel- dom stray into the villages of Posavina or the nature park.

Table 3.2 Broj posjetitelja u parku prirode Lonjsko polje 3.3.3 Popularity and marketing od poËetka njegova rada (samo voeni gosti koji su reg- But this is not surprising, for Lonjsko Polje and Posavina istrirani kroz kupovinu ulaznice) / Number of visitors in have only in very recent times between described in Lonjsko Polje Nature Park detail in the tourist guides. The almost total lack of Izvor: Godiπnje izvjeπÊe Parka prirode 2002. knowledge about the area can be mitigated with difficul- ty with the advertising material of the county and the 2001 2002 Rise in % individual places. In spite of their being made in detail Total tickets 2290 4403 192 and with a lot of love, success in tourism demands, after SuËiÊ Collection 1096 1923 175 all, more than colourful brochures, and requires: RavliÊ Collection 628 2182 347 Group tours 47 79 168

Slika 3.2. Hotelski objekt u toplicama Topusko / Slika 3.3. Znak obiteljskog imanja RavliÊ / Hotel building in Topusko Spa Sign for the RavliÊ Family farm

22 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

3.3.3 Popularnost i marketing • the supply of a product that is attractive overall No to ne Ëudi jer su Lonjsko polje i Posavina tek u novi- • concentrated marketing and je vrijeme potanje opisani u turistiËkim vodiËima. • an effective distribution system. Gotovo potpunom nepoznavanju podruËja teπko moæe pomoÊi promidæbeni materijal æupanije i pojedinih mjesta. UnatoË tome πto je napravljen podrobno i s puno 3.4. The regional economy ljubavi, uspjeh u turizmu pretpostavlja ipak viπe od πarenih broπura, odnosno zahtijeva: While the area of Lonjsko Polje is characterised by agri- • ponudu cjelokupnoga privlaËnog proizvoda, culture, forestry and fisheries, the city of Sisak has long • koncentrirani marketing i since between an important centre from transport, com- • uËinkovit sustav distribucije. merce and the administration. In the decades after WWII, important industry developed here too: steel- 3.4 Regionalno gospodarstvo works, chemical factory and oil refinery. Sisak flour- ished from an economic point of view. Dok podruËje Lonjskog polja obiljeæava poljoprivreda, πumarstvo i ribogojstvo, grad Sisak je od davnina bio However, the fighting around the city during the recent vaæno prometno, trgovaËko i upravno srediπte. U deset- war and the process of transformation that was imposed ljeÊima nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata ovdje se razvila i halted these industrial activities. At the moment, the vaæna industrija: æeljezara, kemijska tvornica i rafinerija refinery and steel factory are working. Many other plants nafte. Sisak je u gospodarskom smislu procvao. are completely obsolescent, are uneconomic and have not been working for some time. The zoning plan does Meutim, borbe u okolici grada tijekom posljednjeg rata not even envisage new industrial areas, and only the con- i nametnuti procesi transformacije obustavili su industri- struction of the port is planned, although river traffic has jske aktivnosti. Danas rade rafinerija i æeljezara. Mnogi not yet actually recovered. This has reduced industrial activities in the county to the fertiliser factory in Kutina and to Sisak Refinery. According to this, the contribution of the county to the gross industrial product of Croatia reduced from 8% in 1968 to 2% in 2000. There were earnings of $402 million, or $2,196 pc, that is, less than half the Croatian average.7 The Sisak and Moslavina County is together with the counties of ©ibenik, Vukovar and Senj among the most impoverished regions of the country.

The consequences of the changes in the economy can be seen even in the area of fish farming. Seven large fishponds are not used. Since this is not the consequence of lack of productivity, competition or demand, it is hard to understand why the fishponds are not used.

Slika 3.4. SisaËka pouËna staza “Put kroz povijest”: prve mjere Slika 3.5. Brodovi na Savi kod Siska, Ëekaju, ispust otpadnih uz stare rimske zidine grada / Sisak learning trail - Way through voda / Ships on the Sava by Sisak, waiting, outlet of effluent History - first measures by the old Roman wall of the city

Bilten parka prirode 23 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina drugi industrijski pogoni su sasvim zastarjeli, postali su 3.5 Population structure neekonomiËni pa je njihov rad dugoroËno obustavljen. Ni prostorni plan ne predvia nove industrijske povrπine The population of the county fell by 30% from 1971, te se planira samo izgradnja gradske luke, iako se ni from 258,000 to 183,000. The number of inhabitants fell rijeËna plovidba joπ nije oporavila. most during the ten years of the war, because there was fierce fighting in many places, and many of the houses Time su industrijske aktivnosti u æupaniji najviπe reduci- were destroyed. In spite of the reconstruction carried out rane na tvornicu gnojiva u Kutini i na rafineriju i æe- over the wider area, it has not been possible to reverse ljezaru. U skladu s tim, udio æupanije u bruto industri- the trend. jskom proizvodu Hrvatske smanjio se sa 8% u 1968. na 2% u 2000. godini. Zaraeno je 402 milijuna ameriËkih The young are moving out into other regions. For this dolara ili 2.196 dolara po glavi stanovnika, dakle manje reason, the population of the county is considerably od polovice hrvatskog prosjeka7. SisaËko-moslavaËka older than the Croatian population as a whole. æupanija ubraja se, uz one ©ibenika, Vukovara i Senja, u najsiromaπnije regije u zemlji. The migration from the country is attended by the economic problem of the falling birth rate, which can also Posljedice promjene u gospodarstvu mogu se vidjeti Ëak have a negative effect on the development of the tourist i u podruËju ribogojstva. Sedam velikih ribnjaka stoji product. Here, only well-conceived business and living neiskoriπteno. BuduÊi da to nije posljedica nedostatka perspectives can be of any help. produktivnosti, konkurentnosti ili potraænje, teπko je razumjeti zaπto se ribnjaci ne iskoriste.

3.5 Strukture stanovniπtva

Populacija æupanije se smanjila od 1971. za 30%, s 258.000 na 183.000 osoba. Broj stanovnika se najviπe smanjio tijekom deset ratnih godina zato πto su se u mnogim mjestima vodile æestoke borbe i mnoge su kuÊe bile razorene. UnatoË obnovi koja je provedena na πirem podruËju, ipak se nije uspjela postiÊi promjena trenda.

Mladi iseljavaju u druge regije. Iz tog su razloga stanovnici æupanije u usporedbi s cjelokupnom struktur- om hrvatskoga stanovniπtva znatno stariji.

Bijeg s ruralnog podruËja znaËi za gospodarstvo problem nedostatnog potomstva, koji se moæe negativno odraziti i na razvoj turistiËke ponude. Ovdje mogu pomoÊi samo smislene poslovne i æivotne perspektive.

24 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

4TuristiËki potencijali 4. Tourist potentials

4.1 U srediπnjem podruËju 4.1 In the central area

4.1.1 Posavina ‡ poplavno podruËje Save 4.1.1 Posavina - the flood plain of the Sava Duæ srednjega dijela Save, u Posavini, juæno od Zagreba, Along the central part of the Sava, in Posavina, south of u izvornom je obliku ostalo saËuvano 100.000 ha Zagreb, some 100,000 ha of the flood plain area have poplavnoga podruËja. Te nepregledne poplavne povrπine been preserved in their original form. The vast flood sluæe za zaπtitu od visokih voda. Tijekom viπe tjedana to plain area serves as a defence against high waters. During podruËje preuzima ogromne koliËine vode kad u proljeÊe several weeks of the year, this area takes in enormous i jesen Sava izae iz svog korita i naraste do deset amounts of water when in the spring and the autumn the metara. Ritam bujanja i ponovnog otjecanja vode od waters of the Sava leave their course and rise up to ten davnina je uvjetovao æivot biljaka, æivotinja i ljudi u metres. The rhythm of the rising and draining of the water Posavini. Sve do danas. in ancient times conditioned the life of the plants, animals and people in Posavina. Right down until today. Za ovaj su kraj joπ karakteristiËna sela (oko 35) sagraena u starinskom posavskom stilu, s drvenim Characteristic of the area are the villages, about 35 of kuÊama, Ëiji se stanovnici joπ uvijek na tradicionalan them, built in the old Posavina style, with the wooden naËin bave stoËarstvom i poljoprivredom. houses, the inhabitants of which still deal with animal husbandry and agriculture in the traditional style. Mogli bismo zakljuËiti da je poznati slikar Ivan GeneraliÊ ovdje naπao svoje nadahnuÊe. I to zato πto su We could conclude that it was here that the famed painter ove rijeËne doline jedinstven prirodni prostor i Ivan Generalic found his source of inspiration. For these • posljednji primjer autentiËnog naËina obraivanja river areas represent a unique natural space and zemlje, • the last example of an authentic manner of cultivat- •s iznimnim bogatstvom flore i faune ing the land with •i slikovitim posavskim selima. • an exceptional richness of flora and fauna • and the picturesque Posavina villages. Posavina bi, saËuvana od propadanja i razarajuÊih utjecaja, trebala imati sve pretpostavke za uvrπtavanje u Preserved from decay and destructive impacts, Posavina popis UNESCO-ove svjetske kulturne baπtine. U should have all the presuppositions to be put on the svakom je sluËaju Posavina jedan od najupeËatljivijih UNESCO World Heritage List. In any case, Posavina primjera hrvatske ruralne kulture i slavenskog porijekla. does certainly constitute one of the most striking examples of Croatian rural culture with a Slavonic heritage. Ali i viπe od toga! Slike izvornog rijeËnog i kulturnog krajolika, pune prizora iz gotovo zaboravljenoga But it is much more than that. The images of the origi- seoskog æivota, sa starim navadama i obiËajima, za nal riparian and cultural landscape, full of scenes from urbano bi stanovniπtvo i posjetitelje Ëitave Europe mogle an almost obliterated country way of life with the old imati pitoresknu, gotovo egzotiËnu draæ. Posavina time customs and manners, could have for the population of posjeduje dobre temelje za razvijanje turistiËke ponude. the rest of Europe a picturesque and well nigh exotic Dosad taj potencijal, meutim, uopÊe nije prepoznat. charm. Posavina thus has good bases for the development of its tourist product. Naime, program za prostorno planiranje Hrvatske srednjoj dolini Save ne pripisuje nikakvu posebnu turistiËku However, up to the present time, these potentials have vrijednost. Na karti je (karta 18) kao prostor s opÊim hardly been recognised at all. In the main land use plan temeljima za razvoj turizma ucrtano samo planirano for Croatia, almost no particular tourist value is ascribed zaπtiÊeno prirodno podruËje rijeke Kupe od Siska prema to the central valley of the Sava. On the map (map 18), Karlovcu i Lonjsko polje. [Progam za prostorno plani- as space with the general foundations for the develop- ranje Hrvatske, karta 18]. ment of tourism, only the planned protected natural area of the Kupa River from Sisak to Karlovac and Lonjsko Polje is drawn in. (Programme for the Land Use Plan of Croatia, Map 18).

Bilten parka prirode 25 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

4.1.2 Park prirode Lonjsko polje 4.1.2 Lonjsko Polje Nature Park Lonjsko polje je 1990. proglaπeno parkom prirode koji In 1990, Lonjsko Polje was proclaimed a nature park; it se prostire na povrπini od 506 km2, od Ëega oko 360 km2 stretches over an area of 506 square kilometres, of which Ëine poplavne πume, 120 km2 paπnjaci i oko 60 km2 some 360 square metres are claimed by riparian forests, poljoprivredno zemljiπte. Od 3. veljaËe.1993. Park 120 square kilometres by pastureland and about 6 square prirode Lonjsko polje uvrπten je u Ramsarski popis i kilometres by arable land. ukljuËuje dva ornitoloπka rezervata: • Rakita (160 ha) Since February 3 1993, Lonjsko Polje Nature Park has • Krapje –ol, s kolonijom æliËarki (25 ha) been on the Ramsar Convention list, including two bird sanctuaries: Kao drugo po veliËini zaπtiÊeno podruËje Hrvatske, • Rakita (160 ha) Lonjsko polje posjetiteljima nudi zadivljujuÊe bogatstvo • Krapje –ol with its spoonbill colony (25 ha) rijetkih biljnih i æivotinjskih vrsta: • na prostranim paπnjacima stare pasmine domaÊih As the second biggest nature reserve in Croatia Lonjsko æivotinja, kao πto su turopoljska svinja i posavski Polje Nature Park provides visitors with an amazing konj, ukljuËujuÊi richness of rare plant and animal species: • bijelu i crnu rodu, Ëaplje, æliËarku, gavrana, bjelorepog πtekavca i orla kliktaπa te brojne ptice selice u • on the spacious pasturelands, the old breeds of potrazi za hranom, domestic animals such as the Turopolje hog and the •u potocima, jezerima i barama gatalinke i gubavice, Posavina horse, barske kornjaËe i bjelouπke • the white and black stork, the heron, spoonbill, large •u poplavnim πumama tipiËne vrste drveÊa, kao πto je black raven, white tailed eagle and spotted eagle, as hrast luænjak, grab, bijeli jasen i joha, well as many birds of passage in search of food, • od æivotinja jelene, divlje maËke, vidre, divlje svinje • in the streams, lakes and pools there are toads and i Ëaglja frogs, turtles and grass-snakes • in the riparian forests there are typical kinds of trees te u danaπnje doba rijedak prizor such as the pedunculate oak, the hornbeam, white ash • stada goveda koja se uveËer vraÊaju u sela, koza koje ih and alder, neposluπno slijede, svinja koje se slobodno πeÊu, uzne- • deer, wild cats, otters, wild pigs and jackals mirenih jata gusaka, glasnih pataka i ponosnih pijetlova. and in today’s terms, the rare scenes of • herds of cattle returning to their village in the evening, the goat following them disobediently, the pigs that graze freely, agitated flocks of geese, vocif- erous ducks and strutting cocks.

4.1.3 Neighbouring natural areas Lonjsko Polje borders on other natural areas of great value in terms of international criteria (Heath and Evans 2000: European Union Guideline concerning bird conservation and the Ramsar Convention):

• Close to Lonjsko Polje Nature Park and to the south of the Sava there are another 100,000 ha of flood plain and cultural landscapes with the internationally known fishponds of Lipovljani in the commune of the same name and Sloboπtina by OkuËani (IBA 9). • Turopolje or the Odra polje between Zagreb and Sisak, which is to the right of the Sava along the fish- rich Odra River, which drains into the Sava (20,000 ha, IBA 12) • The Kupa valley between Sisak and Karlovac, with Slika 4.1. Logotip parka prirode Lonjsko polje: æliËarke i Ëetverolisna raznorotka / Logo of Lonjsko Polje Nature Park: spoonbills and ater clover

26 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

4.1.3 Susjedna prirodna podruËja three fishponds, including Crna Mlaka (600 ha, IBA Lonjsko polje graniËi s drugim prirodnim podruËjima od 13). This exceptional natural area, in line with the iznimne vrijednosti prema meunarodnim kriterijima Croatian land use programme, should be linked with (Heath & Evans 2000: Smjernica Europske unije o the Sava valley via the nature reserve along the zaπtiti ptica i Ramsarska konvencija): Kupa. •U blizini parka Lonjsko polje i na jugu Save nalazi se joπ 100.000 ha poplavnih povrπina i kulturnih krajo- 4.1.4 Posavina villages braza s meunarodno poznatim ribnjacima, Lipovlja- In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Posavina villages ni, u istoimenoj opÊini, i Sloboπtina kod OkuÊana were built at the behest of the Austro-Hungarian author- (IBA 9) ities for the new arrivals, after most of the previous vil- •Turopolje ili Odransko polje izmeu Zagreba i Siska, lages had been destroyed during the wars against the koje se nalazi desno od Save duæ ribom bogate rijeke Turks. Odre koja se slijeva u Savu (20 000 ha., IBA 12). Many of these villages have a natural charm - not only • Pokupska dolina izmeu Siska i Karlovca, s tri ri- those that are within the nature park8, but the villages bnjaka, meu njima Crna mlaka (600 ha., IBA 13). To along the Sunja, in Sisak’s Posavina, in the Odra polje se izvanredno prirodno podruËje prema hrvatskom and in the Pokupje valley. What gives all the villages a programu za prostorno planiranje treba povezati sa characteristic stamp is the various kinds of wooden Savom preko prirodnoga rezervata duæ rijeke Kupe. houses built from solid oak. Most of the houses are inhabited - but it is almost entirely old people that live in 4.1.4 Posavska sela them. The young are moving out, and the houses are Posavska sela u 18. i 19. stoljeÊu dala je izgraditi Austro- decaying since there is no one to maintain them. The Ugarska za nove doseljenike, nakon πto je veÊina other problem is that the wooden houses are sold, demol- prijaπnjih sela stradala u ratovima protiv Turaka. ished and taken away, since they can easily be disassem- bled. Mnoga od tih sela posjeduju prirodnu draæ ‡ ne samo ona koja se nalaze u okviru parka prirode8, veÊ i sela uz 4.1.5 Culture, nature and tourism Sunju, u sisaËkoj Posavini, u Odranskom polju i However fascinating the cultural and natural riches Pokupskoj dolini. Ono πto svim selima daje karakter- might be, to activate greater demand, additional ele- istiËan peËat su razliËiti tipovi drvenih kuÊa izgraenih ments must be on offer as well: activities, experiences od masivne hrastovine. VeÊina kuÊa je nastanjena, no u and entertainment. (World Tourism Organisation: njima, gotovo bez iznimke, æive stari ljudi. Mladi se ise- Vision, p. 38). ljavaju, a kuÊe propadaju jer ih viπe nema tko odræavati. Drugi je problem πto se drvene kuÊe prodaju, ruπe i Activities: odvoze jer ih je lako rastaviti. The central area has an abundance of natural space without any very significant automobile traffic - and this 4.1.5 Kultura, priroda i turizam should be cherished, as one of the greatest advantages of Ma koliko kulturna i prirodna bogatstva bila fascinantna, the area - for all possible activities in the outdoors and za aktiviranje veÊe potraænje potrebni su i dodatni ele- along the rivers: walks, biking, fishing, riding, horse and menti ponude: aktivnosti, doæivljaji, zabava. [Svjetska cart riding, camping, canoeing, sporting competitions turistiËka organizacija: Vision (Vizija), str. 38] along the Sava and on the river itself, and in the summer months, in particular, swimming, as far as the quality of Aktivnosti: water permits. Srediπnje podruËje raspolaæe obiljem prirodnog prostora, bez veÊeg automobilskog prometa ‡ πto bi trebalo ostati Inside the centre of the plan area the bicycle should be the saËuvano kao najveÊa prednost ovog kraja ‡ za sve main means of transportation. This would ensure that the moguÊe aktivnosti na otvorenom i na rijekama: πetnje, economic advantages of the tourist development are voænje biciklom, ribolov, jahanje, voænje koËijom, spread out over a wide range among the small firms of the logorovanje, voænje kanuom, sportska natjecanja uz local economy. On the other hand this is in line with the obale Save i na samoj rijeci, a u ljetnim mjesecima oso- growing development of demands on the market. AFDC bito kupanje ako to dopuπta kakvoÊa rijeËne vode. (German bicycling club) has determined that in 2002 two Bicikl bi unutar planskog podruËja trebao postati glavno million Germans spent their holidays cycling. This is a prometno sredstvo. Time bi se, s jedne strane, osiguralo growth of 12.7% over the previous year. da se gospodarske prednosti turistiËkog razvoja raspodi- The Baltic, Poland, Czech R, Slovakia and Hungary are jele u πirokom opsegu na mala poduzeÊa domaÊeg achieving greater and greater popularity among cyclists,

Bilten parka prirode 27 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Tablica 4.1.: Posavska sela u srediπnjem podruËju turistiËkog regionalnog koncepta / Villages in Central Posavina region in centar of the turistic concept

Izvor: Svi podaci iz GugiÊ-Bahsler “Lonjsko Polje - A Pre-Feasibility”

Najzanimljivija sela s ukupno 498 drvenih kuÊa se nalaze unutar Parka prirode. U njima na 3,5 stanovnika statistiËki joπ uvijek dolazi jedna drvena kuÊa, za razliku od susjednih mjesta gdje se ovaj omjer veÊ pogorπao za 100 %. Za kvalitetu æivota lokalnog stanovniπta i turistiËko usmjerenje srediπnjeg podruËja kritiËna je nedostatna vodoop- skrbna i kanalizacijska infrastruktura, te sukladno tome postojeÊi higijenski uvijeti. Ove probleme treba prve rijeπiti. • Samo je mali broj sela i kuÊa prikljuËen na javni vodovod. Seljani vodu crpe iz vlastitih bunara koji ljeti Ëesto presuπe, πto ima ozbiljne posljedice za opskrbu i higijenu. • Nijedno selo nema sustav za proËiπÊavanje otpadnih voda. Manji broj kuÊa koristi se septiËkim jamama, a veÊina otpadne vode puπta se da neproËiπÊene oteku u tlo ‡ Ëak i u blizini bunara. • Sa stajaliπta zaπtite spomenika, mnoga sela su joπ ostala netaknuta. Meutim, pod zaπtitu su stavljena samo dva sela: Krapje i »igoË. Brojna dokumentacija govori u prilog tome da bi trebalo zaπtiti puno viπe sela ‡ osobito od prodaje i ruπenja starih seljaËkih kuÊa te atipiËne gradnje modernih graevina.

28 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina gospodarstva. S druge strane, to je u skladu s rastuÊim while in ADFC analyses, Croatia is not even mentioned. razvojem potraænje na træiπtu. ADFC [OpÊi njemaËki And yet Posavina, considering the closeness of Zagreb, biciklistiËki klub] je utvrdio da je u 2002. dva milijuna is easily accessible for foreign cycling tourists, who can Nijemaca svoj godiπnji odmor provelo na biciklima. To come with bus and car from greater distances. The area je porast od 12,7% u usporedbi s prethodnom godinom. is very good for family cycling, since there are almost no Sve veÊu popularnost meu biciklistima stjeËu Baltik, hills at all. The assumption is certainly that a well Poljska, »eπka, SlovaËka i Maarska, dok Hrvatska u marked network of cycle tracks be built, car-free, and analizama ADFC-a nije ni spomenuta. Pritom je Posavina, that tourist advertising be directed precisely towards s obzirom na blizinu Zagreba i autoceste, lako dostupna cycling tourism. The embankments, as along the North inozemnim biciklistiËkim turistima, koji autobusima ili Sea and the Rhine, are ideal bike paths, which can be osobnim automobilima stiæu s veÊih udaljenosti. PodruËje arranged and kept up with very small costs. je vrlo povoljno i za obiteljske voænje biciklom, buduÊi da gotovo i nema uzbrdica. Pretpostavka je, dakako, da se Experiences: izgradi dobro oznaËena mreæa biciklistiËkih staza Apart from staying in the old peasant houses, arranged in osloboena od automobila i da se turistiËka propaganda line with their tradition, the village atmosphere and preorijentira na biciklistiËki turizam. Nasipi, kao npr. na nature spotting, other contents also have to be laid on, obali Sjevernog mora ili Rajne, idealne su biciklistiËke such as are shown by Nature Park initiatives concerning staze, koje se mogu urediti uz minimalan troπak. school classes and young people. Visits to the herders should be arranged, taking part in country festivities, and Doæivljaji: the old artisan crafts need revitalising. Osim stanovanja u starim seljaËkim kuÊama, ureenim u skladu s njihovom tradicijom, seoske atmosfere i proma- An open air museum would be attractive, as well as a tranja prirode, treba razviti i druge sadræaje, kao πto to theatre around the Sisak fort, which in an interesting npr. pokazuju inicijative parka prirode za πkolske way would give information about nature and show razrede i mladeæ. U ponudu treba ukljuËiti posjete pasti- country culture and the history of the border area, setting rima, sudjelovanje na seoskim sveËanostima te stare the state in such a way as to enable it to be experienced obrte koje bi trebalo ponovno oæiviti. in some realistic way. Here several very successful mod- Atraktivan bi bio i muzej na otvorenom i kazaliπte oko els from Northern Europe could be taken, where, in spite sisaËke tvrave koji bi na zabavan naËin prenosili za- of the poor weather conditions, there is enormous tourist nimljive informacije o prirodi i prikazivali seosku kultu- demand thanks to the stage settings rich in colour. More ru i povijest ovog graniËnog podruËja., inscenirajuÊi je than 150 towns, in Germany alone, organise medieval tako da se omoguÊi njeno stvarno doæivljavanje. tournaments. Thus they fascinate their guests and stimulate the economy. In this way, Sisak too could find a Kao uzor mogu se uzeti vrlo uspjeπni primjeri iz sjeverne place within the concept. Europe, gdje neovisno o nepovoljnim vremenskim pri- likama postoji ogromna turistiËka potraænja zahvaljujuÊi Entertainment: insceniranjima bogatog kolorita. Viπe od 150 gradova A whole range of services can be envisioned under the samo u NjemaËkoj organizira srednjovjekovne viteπke concept "Posavina experience wining and dining", with igre. Time oni fasciniraju svoje goste i potiËu gospo- local products presented in a special style. The core of darstvo. Na takav bi se naËin i Sisak mogao i trebao the product should consist of regional dishes and drinks ukljuËiti u koncept. prepared in the presence of the guests, and consumed in very varied ambiences - from camp fires to fish restau- Zabava: rants over the river - with the accompaniment of tradi- Pod pojmom «posavska doæivljajna gastronomijaﬂ moæe tional music and old dances. se predoËiti Ëitava paleta usluga s lokalnim proizvodima, prezentiranim u posebnom stilu. Jezgru ponude Ëine 4.1.6 Potential of the population regionalna jela i piÊa koja se pripremaju u nazoËnosti The development of the population in Posavina is seri- gostiju i konzumiraju u sasvim razliËitim ambijentima, ously threatening the survival of the traditional manner od logorske vatre do ribljeg restorana iznad rijeke, uz of cultivating the river valleys, the cultural landscape, pratnju tradicionalne glazbe i starih plesova. and the biological and landscape diversities (GugiÊ, Bahsler, p. 22). 4.1.6 Potencijal stanovniπtva Razvoj stanovniπtva u Posavini ozbiljno ugroæava It can be said that there is already the lack of any opstanak tradicionalnoga naËina obraivanja rijeËnih informed local workforce necessary for the development

Bilten parka prirode 29 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina dolina, kulturnog krajolika te bioloπke i krajobrazne of tourist products and services rooted in the cultural raznovrsnosti [GugiÊ, Bahsler, str. 22] heritage and traditions; in the near future, this will become a serious problem. Moæe se reÊi da veÊ sada nedostaje obrazovana lokalna radna snaga potrebna za razvoj turistiËkih sadræaja i 4.1.7 Cultural heritage and the traditions usluga, ukorijenjenih u kulturnom naslijeu i tradicija- The cultural heritage can be classified and summarily ma, πto Êe u bliskoj buduÊnosti postati stvarni problem. displayed as follows:

4.1.7 Kulturno naslijee i tradicije • The cultural landscape: stretching, beginning south Kulturno se naslijee moæe klasificirati i saæeto prikaza- of Zagreb, on both sides of the Sava and along its ti na sljedeÊi naËin: tributaries the Odra, Kupa and Una, across Sisak and • Kulturni krajolik: proteæe se, poËinjuÊi juæno od Jasenovac as far as Gradiπka. Zagreba, s obje strane Save i duæ njezinih pritoka Odre, • Posavina villages: within the Lonjsko Polje Nature Kupe i Une, preko Siska, Jasenovca do Gradiπke. Park there are eight, and outside the Park, but in the • Posavska sela: unutar parka prirode nalazi se osam, immediate vicinity, another eight villages, of which a izvan parka, u njegovoj neposrednoj blizini, joπ seven in total have been able to be conserved in their osam sela, od kojih je ukupno sedam dosad uspjelo typical architecture and structure. saËuvati svoju tipiËnu strukturu. • Architecture: there are a total of 897 traditional village • Arhitektura: postoji i registrirano je ukupno 897 tradi- houses built of oak in various styles and partially with cionalnih seoskih kuÊa sagraenih od hrastova drve- attractive decorations that have been registered. ta, u razliËitim stilovima i dijelom s lijepim ukrasima. • Moveable cultural assets: in the moveable cultural • Pokretna kulturna dobra: u pokretna kulturna dobra assets we include items of particular artistic value, as ubrajaju se predmeti od posebne umjetniËke vrijednos- well as old household implements and the tools of ti, ali i starinski kuÊanski ureaji i alati seljaka, ribara i the farmers, fishermen and artisans; these last could obrtnika; potonjih se na projektnom podruËju moæe be found in abundance in the area of the plan. The naÊi u izobilju. Gradski muzej Sisak izloæio je zan- Sisak City Museum has exhibited interesting docu- imljivu dokumentaciju o tome na tri izloæbe: «Æivot na mentation about this in three exhibitions: Life on the vodifl, «Pletarstvo i koπarstvofl kao i «LonËarstvofl. Water, Weaving and Basket-making, Potting. Zbirke iz seoskoga kulturnog æivota nalaze se u muzeju u Collections from the cultural life of the countryside - Sisku. Naæalost, samo na skladiπtu u Kutini s temom only in the depots, unfortunately - are kept in Sisak Moslavina, u Donjoj KupËini, s lijepim, no naæalost jedva Museum, in Kutina with the topic of Moslavina, in poznatim muzejom na otvorenom i u dvije privatne Donja KupËina, with a nice but hardly known outdoor seoske kuÊe u parku prirode Lonjsko polje: u »igoËu, sa museum and in two private village houses in Lonjsko zbirkom SuËiÊ, i u MuæilovËici, sa zbirkom RavliÊ. Polje Nature Park - in »igoË, the SuËiÊ Collection, and in MuæilovËica, the RavliÊ Collection. • Nematerijalna kulturna baπtina - koju treba sakupiti, primijeniti i njegovati. • glazba, pjesme, plesovi, • The non-material cultural heritage - which should be • noπnje, dekorativni elementi i nakit, collected, applied and cultivated: • bajke, pripovijesti i legende • dancing, poems, songs • lokalne navade i obiËaji, • costumes and decorative elements and accessories • lokalni dijalekti i izrazi, • stories, tales and legends, • regionalna kuhinja, piÊa i svi lokalni poljoprivredni • local manners and customs proizvodi, • local dialects and expressions • tradicionalne obrtniËke vjeπtine, tradicije i proizvodi, • regional cooking, drinks, all the local agricultural kao i products • znanje o tradicionalnom graditeljstvu, poljoprivredi i • traditional artisan skills, traditions, products, and ribarstvu. • knowledge about traditional architecture, agriculture, fishery. • Noπnje: najizraæajnije su bogato izvezene æenske • Costumes: the most striking are the richly embroidered noπnje. Na temelju bogatstva uzoraka i boja meu women’s dresses. According to richness of pattern and najljepπima su u Europi. colouring, these are among the nicest in Europe. • Povijesne graevine: poglavito tvrave u Sisku i • Historical buildings: these primarily include the Kostajnici. fortresses in Sisak and Kostajnica.

30 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Promatranje prirode / Krave se vraÊaju u selo / Nature spotting Cows coming home

Posavski konji / Glazba na seoskoj sveËanosti / Posavina horses Band at a village festivity

Sumrak u rukavcu / Dusk on the meander

Djeca grade svoju posavsku kuÊu / Gosti u posavskim noπnjama / Children building their own Posavina house Guests in Posavina costumes

Bilten parka prirode 31 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

4.1.8 Sisak i Kostajnica 4.1.8 Sisak and Kostajnica Grad Sisak se moæe pohvaliti dugom povijeπÊu, zah- The city of Sisak can boast of a long history, thanks to its valjujuÊi svom strateπkom poloæaju. U Dioklecijanovo strategic position. In the Diocletian period, Siscia was doba Siscija je Ëak bila srediπte rimske provincije the centre of the Roman province of Panonia Savia. Panonije Savije. No, zbog uËestalih napada, osvajanja, Because of the constant attacks, conquests, looting and pljaËke i ruπenja grada, iz tog su vremena ostali saËuvani destruction of the town, however, only the foundations samo temeljni zidovi i fragmenti koji se skrivaju ispod of the walls and fragments that are hidden below houses kuÊa sagraenih u 19. i 20. stoljeÊu ili su izloæeni u grad- built in the 19th and 20th centuries or exhibited in the skom muzeju. Sam grad je smjeπten u dubokoj provinci- museum are preserved. The city itself is located in a ji, s nekad vaænom rijeËnom lukom i neπto industrije. highly provincial area with a one-time important river port and some industry. Sisak, meutim, ulaæe veliki trud kako bi rijetke dokaze vremena koje posjeduje slikovito predstavio i tako Sisak, however, is undertaking considerably efforts so poboljπao kakvoÊu æivota i stvorio novo ozraËje svojim that the sparse evidence of the times that it does possess stanovnicima i posjetiteljima. ©etnja povijesnom stazom can be presented picturesquely and in this way improve svakako se isplati, no bilo bi pretjerano kad bi se veÊ the quality of life and create a new mood for its inhabi- sada promicala kao posebna turistiËka atrakcija. tants and for visitors. Walking along the historical path certainly pays off, but it would be premature for it to be Potencijal da se razvije tako neπto posjeduje samo presented already as a special tourist attraction. tvrava iz 1550. godine. Poluotok na kome je tvrava sagraena graniËi s velikim sportsko-rekreativnim The potential for something of this kind to develop is igraliπtem i prekriven je zelenim povrπinama. Na found only in the fortress, of 1550. The peninsula on zemljiπtu oko tvrave bilo je planirano otvaranje muzeja which it is built borders with a large sporting and recre- na otvorenom. Ta je zamisao oËito napuπtena, a dvije veÊ ational ground, and it is itself covered with green areas. postavljene i osobito lijepe posavske kuÊe poËele su The opening of an open air museum was once planned truliti pa im prijeti potpuno propadanje. Pristup on the land surrounding the fort. This idea has obvi- unutraπnjosti tvrave sada nije moguÊ, dok je slika koju ously been abandoned and two very nice Posavina hous- pruæa izvana uistinu dojmljiva. es that were put up then have already begun to rot, and are threatened with total decay. An approach to the inte- Poluotok s tvravom posjeduje sve pretpostavke za tur- rior of the fort is not currently possible, while the image istiËku inscenaciju: that it affords from outside is truly impressive. • impresivnu povijesnu graevinu, • veliki unutraπnji prostor za razliËite varijante The fortress peninsula has all the necessary conditions uporabe, for tourist stage setting: • velike povrπine na otvorenom za velik broj pos- • an impressive historical building jetitelja, • large interior spaces for various uses • blizinu æeljezniËke postaje, • large open air spaces for a large number of visitors • prikljuËak na autocestu Zagreb-Beograd, • closeness of the railway station • brodsko pristaniπte za voænje Savom. • link to the Zagreb-Belgrade motorway • mooring for ships for trips along the Sava. SisaËki poluotok s tvravom tvori prirodna vrata koja vode do posavskih sela i kad se razvije u turistiËku atrak- The Sisak fortress and peninsula creates a natural gate- ciju trebao bi postati jednim od bitnih stupova turistiËke way leading to the Posavina villages and after it has been ponude. developed into a tourist attraction it should be one of the most important pillars of the tourist product. Kostajnica je imala kljuËnu ulogu utvrde na Uni i vrata za napade iz Bosne i prema Bosni, kad su 1593. Turci Kostajnica played a key role as fort on the Una River and poraæeni kod Siska i 1596. protjerani iz Petrinje. gate for attacks from and against Bosnia, when in 1593 the Turks were defeated at Sisak and in 1596 driven out Na slici poznatog umjetnika Georga Hufnagela iz 17. of Petrinja. stoljeÊa ovaj je grad prikazan u doba turske vladavine onako kako se i danas prikazuje ‡ s tri odvojene gradske On the picture of a well-known artist, Georg Hufnagel, Ëetvrti od kojih je svaka na svoj naËin posebna: of the 17th century, the city is presented in the time of the • Hrvatska Kostajnica s tipiËnim karakterom Turkish rule just in the same way as it can be seen today

32 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina maloga gradiÊa iz habsburπkih dana ‡ straviËno razoren - with three separate city neighbourhoods, each one u zadnjem ratu grad se polako obnavlja u starom stilu, being in its own way special: • Bosanska Kostajnica s jasnim utjecajem tur- • Hrvatska Kostajnica with its typical character of city sko‡islamske arhitekture, of the Habsburg days - terribly destroyed in the last • srednjovjekovna tvrava sagraena na otoku. war, gradually being renewed in the old style; • Bosanska Kostajnica, with the clear impacts of Kostajnica je najbolji i istodobno moæda najslikovitiji Turkish and Islamic architecture; primjer povijesti graniËnoga podruËja u srediπnjem • the medieval fortress built on an island. dijelu zemlje, pa se nameÊe kao ogledni projekt, s meunarodnim potencijalom u okviru kojega bi se s Kostajnica is perhaps the best and at the same time the jedne strane inscenirali razliËiti utjecaji, a s druge strane most picturesque example of the history of a border area razvila gradska utvrda u æariπno mjesto s puËkim in the central part of a county, and must be seen as a ref- sveËanostima, viteπkim igrama i koncertima, a razvilo bi erence project with an international potential within the se u polaziπta za izlete biciklima i kanuima na rijeci Uni. framework of which it would be possible to stage various influences and impacts, and on the other develop the fortifications into a focal point for vernacular festivities, 4.2 Povijest graniËnog podruËja chivalric tournaments and concerts, and would also become a jumping off place for bike and canoe trips 4.2.1 Sultan ante portas along the Una River. Godine 1354. turska je vojska prvi put stupila na europsko tlo. Sultan Murat I. pobijedio je 1389. srpsku vojnu silu na Kosovom polju. Njegov sin Bajasid pobijedio je 4.2 History of the border area 1393. bugarskog cara ©iπmana, a 1396. porazio krπÊansku vojsku pod vodstvom maarskog kralja 4.2.1 Sultan ante portas Sigismunda. Mnogo prije pada Carigrada (1453.), Turci In 1354 the Turkish army crossed onto European soil for su na Balkanu zauzeli poloæaje, osvojili i nastanili the first time. In 1389, Sultan Murad I defeated the πiroka podruËja, preobrativπi ih na islamsku vjeru ili ih Serbian military force at Kosovo polje. His son Bayazid opustoπivπi. beat the Bulgarian emperor in 1396, defeated the Christian army led by Hungarian King Sigismund. A Sulejman II. VeliËanstveni u to vrijeme joπ se nije Much before the fall of Constantinople, in 1453, the rodio. On je u razdoblju izmeu 1520. i 1566. pokorio Turks had taken a firm hold on the Balkans, conquered Alæir, Beograd, Rodos, Maarsku, Bagdad, Tripolis i and colonised broad areas, converting them to Islam or Erdelj. Samo mu se BeË uspio oduprijeti 1529. godine, laying them waste. zahvaljujuÊi izrazito loπem vremenu. Opasnost time dakle nije proπla i krπÊanske su zemlje spoznale zajed- Suleyman II, the Magnificent, had not at that time even niËkog, kako se Ëinilo, nepobjediva neprijatelja. been born. In the period between 1520 and 1566 he sub- Izazvane tom prijetnjom, u njima se prvi put rodilo neπto dued Algeria, Belgrade, Rhodes, Hungary, Baghdad, poput osjeÊaja europskoga zajedniπtva. Tripoli and Transylvania. Vienna only managed to hold out against him in 1529 purely thanks to bad weather. 4.2.2 Hrvatski limes The danger had not passed, however, and the Christian Vojna je krajina postojala gotovo 350 godina, od oko countries knew they had a common and as it seemed 1535. do 1881. Prostirala se u πirokom, 1.750 km invincible enemy. Under this threat, for the first time, dugaËkom podruËju, od Jadrana do Dunava, koji je na something like a sense of European commonalty was sadaπnjoj granici Hrvatske razgraniËavao Zapad od born. Balkana ‡ u srednjem dijelu, koji Ëini jezgru turistiËkoga koncepta, uz Savu, Unu i Kupu. Ona ne samo πto je 4.2.2 The Croatian limes Europu πtitila od osvajaËkih pohoda nego je sluæila i kao The Military Border existed for almost 350 years, from kordon od zaraza. Vojna krajina, meutim, bila je otvore- 1535 to 1881. It stretched in a broad, 1,750 km-long na za trgovinu, gospodarstvo i kulturnu razmjenu. area from the Adriatic to the Danube, which on Croatia’s current borders divided the West from the Balkans - in GraniËna podruËja poËeo je naseljavati Ferdinand I. the central part, alongside the Sava, Una and Kupa, PrihvaÊao je izbjeglice s prostora koji su okupirali Turci which constitute the core of the tourist concept. This did i druge doseljenike te im davao zemlju u graniËnom not only protect Europe from the assaults of the invader, podruËju. Zauzvrat su svi muπkarci bili obvezni sluæiti u but also served as a buffer zone against infection. The

Bilten parka prirode 33 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina carskoj vojsci. Povlastice vezane uz tu obvezu, koje su s Military Border was, however, at the same time open to danaπnjega glediπta sve prije no raskoπne, no koje su u trade, business and cultural exchange. ondaπnje vrijeme oËito bile vrlo privlaËne, oslobodile su obitelji graniËara od kmetskog ustroja. Nisu morali Ferdinand I started the colonisation of the border area. plaÊati gotovo nikakve poreze ni davanja i imali su pravo He accepted refugees from the spaces that the Turks had uzimati po volji plijen kod Turaka. already taken and occupied, as well as other incomers, and gave them land in the border area. In return, all the To posljednje vjerojatno je bilo odluËujuÊe jer je men were bound to serve in the imperial army. The priv- graniËno podruËje postalo posebno privlaËno ratobornim ileges that were related to this obligation, which are from ljudima. Meu susjedima su izbijali stalni mali ratovi u today’s point of view anything but brilliant, were at that obliku beskrajnih prepada i Ëarki, pljaËkaπkih pohoda i time very attractive, clearly, freeing the borderers’ fami- podmetanja poæara, sve to viπe πto je i meu Turcima lies from the feudal system. They had to pay almost no bilo sliËnih, za plijenom pohlepnih vojskovoa. Nitko od taxes or tributes, and had the right to take whatever graniËara nije se pridræavao sluæbenih izjava o ratu niti booty they wanted from the "Turks". zakljuËaka o miru. Oni su ratovali da bi se obranili, pokrili æivotne troπkove, iz osvete, ponosa i iz zado- This last factor was probably crucial, because the border voljstva u borbi. area became particularly attractive to people with a bel- ligerent streak. Among neighbours, there was constant Mnogo malih ratova izazvalo je jedan veliki koji je tra- small-scale war in the form of endless incursions and jao 13 godina. Bosanski namjesnik i mleËanski otpadnik skirmishes, raids and arson, all the more so because Hasan htio se osvetiti zbog jednog napada uskoka i zato among the Muslims there were similar booty-hungry je preπao Unu, zauzeo Petrinju i opkolio Sisak. generals. None of the borderers stuck to official decla- Meutim, hrvatski ban Toma BakaË 22. lipnja 1593. rations of war or peace treaties. They fought to defend pomoÊu graniËara izvojevao je pobjedu, prvu nad themselves, cover the cost of living, or from revenge, Turcima. U Sisku je zapoËelo oslobaanje od Turaka. pride, or sheer pleasure in fighting.

Nakon toga su uslijedili mnogobrojni ratovi s Turcima. The many small wars led to a large one that lasted for 13 Preokret je zapravo uslijedio tek kad je Kara Mustafa years. The Bosnian vizier and Venetian renegade Hassan 1683. izgubio u odluËujuÊoj borbi pred BeËom od wanted to revenge himself for one of the Uskok attacks poljskog kralja Sobieskya. No, Vojna krajina dobila je and for this reason, crossed the Una, took Petrinja and novi znaËaj prirodnog Ëuvara. surrounded Sisak. However, Croatian Governor Toma BakaË, on June 22 1593, with the help of the borderers, 4.2.3 Kordon protiv kuge won a victory, the first ever against the Turks. It was in Kuga se od 1348. udomaÊila u Europi i harala je Sisak that the liberation from the Turks actually began. zemljom u stalnim valovima. U poËetku se nije znalo kako se boriti protiv kuge, osim poboænoπÊu. Jednako su After that, there were many wars with the Turks. The nemoÊni u to vrijeme ljudi bili i pred drugim zaraznim watershed occurred only when Kara Mustapha, in 1683, bolestima, kao πto su tifus, boginje, sifilis i malarija. lost in a decisive battle in front of Vienna with Polish Godine 1710. Habsburg je zatvorio granicu, a Marija King Jan Sobieksi. But the Military Border obtained a Terezija je 1770. odredila graniËne propise. Granica se new importance as natural guardian. smjela prelaziti samo preko briæno izgraenih karantena u kojima se temeljito nadziralo i Ëistilo ljude, æivotinje i 4.2.3 Buffer zone against the plague robu. Ovisno o tome o kakvoj su zarazi u zemlji Turaka From 1348 the plague had made itself at home in Europe habsburπki vjesnici izvjeπtavali, propisivao se prisilni and raged in constant waves. At the beginning, there boravak u tijesnoj Êeliji za nadzor u trajanju od 21, 28 ili was no idea about how to fight it except through piety. Ëak 42 dana. To doduπe nije bilo ugodno, no takve karan- There was an equal helplessness at the time in connec- tene su svoj zadatak odliËno ispunile. tion with the other infectious diseases such as typhus, smallpox, syphilis and malaria. In 1710 the Habsburgs 4.2.4 Kule i Ëardaci closed the border, and in 1770 Maria Theresa determined Vojna krajina se sastojala od 33.000 km2 velikog the border regime. The border could be crossed only via podruËja, s 1,2 milijuna stanovnika, neposredno carefully constructed quarantine areas in which thor- podËinjenih BeËkom dvoru. Najprije je bilo podijeljena oughgoing control and purification of people, animals na tri kapetanije, zatim na tri generalske oblasti, no and goods was carried out. Depending on what kind of pravu granicu ovoga podruËja tvorio je kordon koji je contagion currently raged in the Turkish lands, as

34 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina bio izgraen ispred njega. »uvale su ga utvrde sa informed by the Habsburg heralds, there was an obliga- straæarnicama (kule) i kuÊe na stupovima (Ëardaci), no tion to spend a quarantine period of 21, 28 or 42 days in joπ viπe moËvare, πume i rijeke. a small cell. This was not very pleasant, but such lazarettos served their purposes excellently. GraniËar je u Ëardacima i kulama provodio veÊinu svog æivota, uvijek pripravan da u sluËaju napada pucnjima ili 4.2.4 Towers and chardaks svjetlosnim signalima pomoÊu baklji umoËenih u smolu The Military Border consisted of an area of 33,000 opomene unutraπnjost, uvijek spreman da se okomi na square kilometres, with a population of 1.2 million, svakog uljeza, ali i da naoruæan krene s razaraËkim bije- directly subordinate to the court of Vienna. It was at first som na pohod protiv Turaka. Uskoka, hajduka i kle- divided into three captaincies, then three "generalcies", mentinaca svi su se bojali. however, the real border of the area was created by the cordon that was constructed in front of it. It was protect- 4.2.5 Slobodni seljak i vojnik ed by forts with watch-towers and huts on wooden U seljacima braniËima jedni su vidjeli razbojnike, columns called chardaks, and still more by the swamps, graniËarske vucibatine, a drugi junake. Za sluæbu u voj- forests and rivers. sci i stalnu spremnost da u kratkom vremenu zamijeni ognjiπte ratiπtem, graniËar nije dobivao niπta do prava da The borderer spent most of his life in the chardaks and æivi kao slobodan seljak na slobodnoj zemlji. Nije imao towers, always ready, in the event of an attack, with odoru nego je nosio svoju plemensku noπnju pa je tako shots or light signals, with pitch-steeped torches, to warn mogao neprimijeÊeno i πpijunirati. Nekoliko kovanica bi the interior, and to pounce on any intruder, or to set off moæda dobio za odræavanje svoga vatrenog oruæja i vrlo in destructive rage on a campaign against the Turks. The malu plaÊu za ratne pohode. Uskoks, Haiduks and Clementinans were feared by everyone. Naseljavanje uskoka i drugih narodnih plemena iz juæne, istoËne i srednje Europe u graniËno podruËje protiv 4.2.5 Free peasant and soldier Turaka nije bila nova zamisao koja se rodila iz nuæde. In the peasant sentinels, some saw ne’er-do-well border AntiËki Rim je na takav naËin πtitio sjevernu Englesku i brigands, others heroes. For their service in the army Galiju koja se prostirala do Rajne, od Pikta i ©kota, kao and their constant readiness at an instant to exchange i od germanskih naroda. I Bizant se stoljeÊima s uspje- their place at the chimney corner for the battlefield, the hom oslanjao na sliËan obrambeni sustav. Ono πto borderers obtained nothing in exchange except the right Rimljani nisu uopÊe dovodili u pitanje, Habsburg je svo- to live as free peasants on free land. They had no uni- jim graniËarima dopuπtao samo umjereno, odnosno, form, wearing instead their clan garb, and could thus vjersku slobodu koja je u ono doba meu krπÊanskim engaged in unremarked acts of espionage. They might kneæevima bila izjednaËena sa svetogrem. receive a few coins for the maintenance of their firearms, and a small pay for periods of active belligerence. 4.2.6 UseljeniËki val Vojna krajina nije samo πtitila srednju Europu od Turaka. The planting of the Uskoks and other tribes and clans Odatle je habsburπko carstvo, koje je od 1683. postalo from southern, eastern and central Europe in the border velesila, vodilo i protunapad kojim su osloboeni narodi area against the Turks was no new idea that sprang out of Balkana napokon potisnuli Turke natrag do Bospora. necessity. Ancient Rome protected northern England and UoËljivi svjedoci krπÊanskoga povratka su utvreni Gaul that stretched to the Rhine against the Picts and the gradovi Karlovac, Slavonski Brod i Osijek. Mnoge le- Scots, and against the Germanic peoples too. Byzantium gende i velika imena povezana su s tim vremenom ‡ naj- for centuries relied on a similar defensive system. What sjajnije vjerojatno ono princa Eugena od Savoje. O was not questioned for a moment under the Romans, uæasima i bijedi ratova koji su se neprekidno vodili, kao religious freedom, which was among the Christian prin- i o pustoπi i uniπtenju koje su za sobom ostavili rjee se ciples tantamount to blasphemy, was allowed by the razmiπlja. Habsburgs to its borderers in very limited amounts.

Raseljeni prostor se morao ponovno naseliti. VeÊ 1689. 4.2.6 A wave of settlement pojavio se «UseljeniËki propisﬂ za «bolju pomoÊ i The Military Border did not only protect Central Europe ponovno oæivljavanjeﬂ opustoπenih podruËja, a 1720. from the Turks. It was from here, when the Habsburg zapoËelo je u srednjoj Europi razdoblje velikih imigraci- empire became a great power, that from 1683 counterat- jskih pohoda. Dugi ratovi pretvorili su Posavinu u tacks were launched, the liberated peoples of the Balkans ogromnu praπumu hrastova, koja do danas ‡ doduπe kao ultimately pushing the Turks back to the Bosphorus.

Bilten parka prirode 35 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Slika 4.2.: Bakrorez iz 1815: Opasni Uskok bio je naoruæan Slika 4.3.: Bakrorez iz 1815: Klementinski graniËar dræi u piπtoljem i maËem Ëak i kada je radio u polju: Izvor: Hacquet / ruci kundak. U pozadini se vidi Ëardak na stalcima ispred Etching of 1815: The feared Uskok was armed with pistol and kojega je straæar. / Etching of 1815: Clementint borderer sword even when working in the fields. Source: Hacquet holding an butt in his hand. In the background is a chardak, watch tower, on stilts, with a guard in front. Source: Hacquet.

Visible witness of the Christian reconquista are the forti- fied cities of Karlovac, Slavonski Brod and Osijek. Many legends and great names were linked with the period - the most celebrated probably being that of Prince Eugene of Savoy. Of the horrors and miseries of the wars that were constantly being fought, or of the destruction and devastation they left behind, less is thought.

The depopulated areas had to be resettled. As early as 1689 came the Immigration Regulations, for the "better assistance and revitalisation" of the devastated areas, and in 1720, a period of great migrations started in central Europe. The long wars had turned Posavina into a vast oak forest, which today - it is true as a forest exploited economically - covers broad parts of the valley in the first generation.10

Burdens of the wars in homelands, poor weather conditions and bad harvests,, religious intolerance and political reasons led to a wave of immigration. This gave some land-owners a lucrative source of income: they took fines from those who wanted to move out to release Slika 4.4.: Bakrorez, 1815: Ratoboran graniËar s turske strane, them from their feudal servitude. Others prevented emi- prepoznatljiv po hlaËama. Izvor: Hacquet / Etching, 1815. gration, and the French, for even an attempt at emigra- Bellicos borderer on the Turkish side, identifiable by his tion, sent people to the galleys. But the imperial court trousers. Source; Hacquet lured them with lands, basic tools and animals, and hous-

36 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina gospodarska πuma ‡ u prvoj generaciji pokriva πiroke es from earth, covered in rushes. It promised that in the dijelove dolina10. period of ten years there would be no taxes, and Joseph II into the bargain guaranteed religious freedom. Ratna optereÊenja u domovinama, vremenske nepogode i glad, vjerska netolerancija ili politiËki razlozi izazvali The immigrants - usually only married couples were su val doseljenja. Nekim je zemljoposjednicima to osi- welcomed - were mostly allowed to build their new vil- guralo lukrativne izvore prihoda: otpuπtali su iz kmetstva lages along the main roads. In spite of all the preventive one koji su æeljeli iseliti u zamjenu za novËanu naknadu. measures that were taken, the swampy and devastated Drugi su zabranjivali emigraciju, a Francuska je za land, as well as the uncommon climate, took their toll of pokuπaj iseljavanja Ëak propisala kaznu Ëasti. No, carska the settlers. Still, the places and the people began to get kuÊa mamila je sa zemljiπtem, osnovnim oruem i used to the new conditions, and later to become prosper- stokom, kao i kuÊom od zemlje, prekrivenom trskom. ous. It is from this period that the phrase "To the first ObeÊala je da Êe se u razdoblju od deset godina odreÊi death, to the second necessity, and the third bread" davanja, a Josip II je uz to jamËio i vjersku slobodu. derives.

Doseljenicima ‡ samo su oæenjeni bili poæeljni ‡ obiËno 4.2.7 Catastrophes of the modern age se dopuπtalo podizanje novih sela uz glavne prometnice. The tolerance and pragmatism of Joseph II did not stick UnatoË svoj preventivi koja se poduzimala, moËvarna i to the people. Whether Croat, Serb, Bosnian or Swabian, opustoπena zemlja, kao i neuobiËajena klima uzrokovali whether Catholic, Orthodox, Jew, Protestant or Muslim - su mnoge ærtve meu doseljenicima. Polako su se ipak they all had to live side by side. Internal and external mjesta i ljudi poËeli privikavati, a zatim stjecati i crises, wars won and lost, the desire for domination and blagostanje. Iz tog razdoblja potjeËe uzreËica: «Prvome obstinate wilfulness always broke out again and again, smrt, drugome nuæda, a treÊemu kruh!ﬂ sticking their knife into society and opening up deep wounds. 4.2.7 Katastrofe novoga doba Tolerancija i pragmatiËnost Josipa II. nije se prenijela na Still, the peoples in this part of Europe did live side by ljude. Bilo Hrvati, Srbi, Bosanci ili ©vabe, bilo katolici, side, even with each other, and this coexistence was not pravoslavci, æidovi, protestanti ili muslimani ‡ svi su destroyed even by the ideas of the nation states of the æivjeli jedni pored drugih. Vanjske i unutarnje krize, 19th century. These peoples and faiths were too strong- dobiveni ili izgubljeni ratovi, æelje za dominacijom i ly interwoven and intermingled with each other. zadrta svojevoljnost uvijek su iznova zabijali noæ u druπtvo i otvarali duboke rane. The Third Reich attacked the Yugoslavia of the time. The Ustasha regime that was its client built the biggest Ipak su ti narodi u tom dijelu Europe æivjeli dugo jedni mass-extermination camp of the whole of the Balkans pored drugih ili Ëak jedni s drugima i taj suæivot nije close to the village of Jasenovac. Where the Sava and mogla uniπtiti Ëak ni ideja nacionalnih dræava u 19. sto- Una joined, where the borderers had defended the ljeÊu. Ti su razliËiti narodi i vjere bili meusobno pre- Christian west, and where generations of peasants from jako prepleteni i povezani. different countries had made the land flower again. In the concentration camp in Jasenovac, thousands of TreÊi Reich je napao tadaπnju Jugoslaviju. Njemu blizak Serbs, Croats, Jews and Gypsies, men, women and chil- ustaπki reæim podigao je pod njegovim vodstvom kod dren, resistance members and communists (Dedijer, p. sela Jasenovac najveÊi logor za masovno uniπtenje na 261) were put to death in horrible ways for political, Balkanu. Tamo gdje se spajaju Sava i Una, tamo gdje su racial or ethnic reasons. graniËari branili krπÊanski Zapad i gdje su generacije seljaka iz razliËitih zemalja opustoπenu zemlju ponovno From 1991 to 1995 war once again reigned, and once doveli do procvata! U koncentracijskom logoru again Jasenovac, city that was fought over, was hit. The Jasenovac ubijene su na jeziv naËin tisuÊa Srba, Hrvata, Sava was again turned into a front, and many of the Boπnjaka, Æidova i Roma, muπkaraca, æena i djece, Posavina villages were destroyed. Only ruins remain of Ëlanova pokreta otpora i komunista (Dedijer, str. 261) iz the Jasenovac bridges over the Sava and Una. People politiËkih, rasistiËkih ili etniËkih razloga. from Bosnia and the Croatian villages on the right side of the bank are carried across by ferry.11 Od 1991. do 1995. je ponovno zavladao rat i ponovo je Jasenovac, kao grad za koji se borilo, bio pogoen. Ponovno se Sava pretvorila u frontu, a mnogobrojna

Bilten parka prirode 37 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina posavska sela bila uniπtena. Od mosta Jasenovac preko 4.3 Rivers, fishponds, hot springs Une i Save ostale su do danas samo ruπevine. Ljude iz Bosne i hrvatskih sela u opÊinu na desnu stranu obale i 4.3.1 The Sava and its tributaries dalje, prema autocesti, prevozi skela11. During the design of the recreational and tourist product, water has a decisive role, and hence the desire for water and warmth is the key generator of modern tourism. 4.3 Rijeke, ribnjaci, topli izvori (Hennig p. 27)

4.3.1 Sava i njezini pritoci The sea coasts possess, it is true, much more power to Pri oblikovanju rekreacijskog i turistiËkog proizvoda attract than the rivers. But the rivers too can be made voda ima odluËujuÊe znaËenje jer kljuËna pokretaËka attractive if they are linked with experience, sport, snaga modernoga turizma leæi u æelji za vodom i nature, the pleasure of bathing. The Sava River has all toplinom [Hennig, str. 27] the preconditions for this. With its tributaries the Odra, Kupa and Una, the Sava makes up the backbone of the Morske obale posjeduju, doduπe, znatno veÊu privlaËnu entire region: for boating, agriculture, fishing and the moÊ od rijeka. No, rijeke se mogu uËiniti privlaËnijima tako nature park, for the recreational and tourist activities that da se poveæu doæivljaji, sport, priroda i uæitak kupanja. are hardly made use of at all. Rijeka Sava ima sve pretpostavke koje su za to potrebne. The rivers mentioned make possible boating in sporting Sa svojim pritocima Odrom, Kupom i Unom, Sava tvori and excursion boats, walking, biking, riding, relaxation okosnicu Ëitavoga podruËja: za voænju brodom, and camping along the banks, as well as fishing, observ- poljoprivredu, ribolov i park prirode, za rekreacijske i tu- ing the animals and swimming. Swimming is possible, ristiËke aktivnosti koje se gotovo uopÊe ne iskoriπtavaju. however, only if the quality of water of the Sava, Odra, Kupa and Una make it permissible. Spomenute rijeke omoguÊavaju voænju izletniËkim i sportskim brodovima, πetnju, voænju biciklom, jahanje, odmor i 4.3.2 Fishponds kampiranje uz njihove obale te pecanje, promatranje æi- Along the northern edge of the Lonjsko Polje Nature votinja i kupanje. Kupanje je, meutim, moguÊe samo ako Park there are two fishponds, of Lipovljani and to dopuπta kakvoÊa vode Save, Odre, Kupe i Une. Sloboπtina by the town of OkuËani.

4.3.2 Ribnjaci There are three other fishponds, including Crna mlaka, Uz sjeverni su rub parka prirode Lonjsko polje dva ri- between Sisak and Karlovac. The linking of these three bnjaka ‡ Lipovljani i Sloboπtina kod mjesta OkuÊani. areas with the Sava along the Kupa via the foundation of a protected nature area is foreseen in the land plan. All Joπ tri ribnjaka, meu njima i Crna mlaka, nalaze se the ponds could be used for the purpose of tourism, par- izmeu Siska i Karlovca. Prostornim planom je pred- ticular since they are covered by the European guide- vieno povezivanje ta tri podruËja sa Savom, duæ Kupe, line/directive concerning Important Bird Areas, which of osnivanjem zaπtiÊenoga prirodnog podruËja. Svi ribnjaci itself makes them attractive. bi se mogli turistiËki iskoristiti, pogotovo zato πto su obuhvaÊeni europskom smjernicom o zaπtiti ptica kao Once these ponds were used for fish farming, particularly vaæna ptiËja staniπta («important Bird Areasﬂ), πto ih carp for export (in 1989 the annual production came to samo po sebi Ëini privlaËnima. 13,000 t, as against today’s of 2,000 t), and today only 10% of the capacity is used. The charge made by the state Nekada su se u tim ribnjacima uzgajale ribe, osobito water administration which in 2001 came to 50 euros per πarani za izvoz (godiπnja proizvodnja 1989. iznosila je hectare is supposed to be increased by 2005 to 150 euros. 13.000 t, u usporedbi s danaπnjih 2.000 t), dok se danas u And since the fishponds could not make so much money, te svrhe koristi samo 10% njihova kapaciteta. Davanja they began to close, and the process is still going on.12 dræavnoj upravi za vodno gospodarstvo, DUZV, u 2001. iznosila su 50 eura po hektaru, a u 2005. bi se trebala The initiative of the Crna Mlaka fishpond is an excellent poveÊati na 150 eura. A buduÊi da ribnjaci toliko ne mogu example of adroit and successful combination of: zaraditi, oni su se poËeli zatvarati i taj proces joπ traje12. • fish farming Inicijative ribnjaka Crna mlaka su izvrstan primjer • nature conservation and the cultivation of culture spretnog i uspjeπnog povezivanja • for the purpose of building up a tourist attraction as • ribogojiliπta additional revenue-producing components. • sa zaπtitom prirode i njegovanjem kulture,

38 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

•u cilju izgradnje turistiËke atrakcije kao dodatne The Crna Mlaka fishpond can produce and export up to komponente prihoda. 400 t a year of high quality fish.

Ribnjak Crna mlaka moæe godiπnje proizvesti i izvesti Crna Mlaka, however, is not just a fish farm, but the 400 t kvalitetne ribe. most important European resting place of the ferrugi- Crna mlaka, meutim, nije samo ribogojiliπte veÊ i naj- nous duck, which is threatened with extinction. Crna vaænije europsko odmoriπte patke njorke kojoj prijeti izu- Mlaka has banned bird hunting in its area - 600 ha with miranje. Crna mlaka je zabranila lov na ptice na svom 542 ha of water - and thanks to its richness of bird zemljiπtu ‡ 600 ha s 542 ha vodenih povrπina ‡ te je zah- species has been proclaimed a protected bird reserve valjujuÊi bogatstvu ptiËjih vrsta proglaπena zaπtiÊenim orni- pursuant to the Ramsar Convention. toloπkim rezervatom na temelju Ramsarske konvencije. The concept, which has already been partially activated, Koncept koji je djelomiËno veÊ ostvaren predvia: envisages: • obradbu ribe i veleprodaju, • podjelu zemljiπta na zone pomoÊu programa za • fish processing and wholesale business voenje posjetitelja kako bi se omoguÊilo promatra- • division of the land into zones with the assistance of nje ptica, a da ih se pritom ne ometa, the guided tour programme to enable the observation • ribolov za goste i prodaju ribe, of birds without them being disturbed • gastronomsko poslovanje s ribljim i ostalim regio- • angling for guests and sale of fish nalnim specijalitetima, • catering business with fish and other regional spe- • folklorne priredbe i cialities • obnavljanje zapuπtenoga dvorca za turistiËke svrhe. • folklore events and • renovation of the abandoned manor for tourist pur- Integriran u cjelokupnu paletu najrazliËitijih regionalnih poses. doæivljajnih alternativa, takav koncept nudi atraktivno obogaÊenje ponude Integrated into the whole range of the most diverse • za ljubitelje prirode iz Ëitavoga svijeta (bird watchers) regional experience alternatives, this kind of concept •i domaÊe træiπte (ribiËki izleti, aËke ekskurzije). offers an attractive enrichment of the tourist product • for nature lovers the whole world round (birdwatch- 4.3.3 Toplice ers) Na prvom mjestu valja spomenuti Topusko. Toplice u • and for the domestic market (fishermen’s outings, Topuskom su u upotrebi veÊ viπe od sto godina. Njihova schoolchildren’s excursions). ljekovita voda, koja na izvoru ima temperaturu od 78 °C, prikladna je za razliËite vrste lijeËenja, za preventivne 4.3.3. Hot springs, spas In first place here we should mention Topusko Toplice (Spa), which has been used for more than a hundred years. The medicinal-property water, which has a temperature of 78 °C at the source, is suitable for various kinds of therapy, for preventive cures, and for condition- ing and fitness programmes. The Spa consists of a large complex of buildings from the time of WWII, with many medicinal and sporting facilities that however lack both charm and atmosphere. The town itself provides nothing except the surrounding nature.

The Sisak iodine spa should also be mentioned, for the water contains 0.253 g/l of iodine, and Lipik, which was mentioned in Roman times, and lies 30 km to the east of Jasenovac. In the eighties Lipik was among the best known cure centres in Croatia. The town was badly hit Slika 4.5. Kostajnica je izvanredan, a istovremeno i vjerojatno najpitoreskniji primjer povijesti graniËnog podruËja: Izvor: during the war of independence. Georg Hufnagel u Braun_Hogen-Hogenbergu 1618. / Kostajnica is a exceptional and probably the most picturesque The stud of Lipizzaner horses was also not spared during example of the history of the border area. the war, and still today this important tourist attraction,

Bilten parka prirode 39 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina kure i za kondicijske i fitness programe. Toplice Ëini like the other stud in Slovenia, has been unable to recov- veliki kompleks zgrada iz vremena Drugoga svjetskog er. On the contrary, the historical buildings and the sur- rata, s brojnim ljeËiliπnim i sportskim sadræajima, no rounding landscape are gradually deteriorating.13 nedostaje im draæ i atmosfera. Samo mjesto ne nudi niπta, osim okolne prirode. Directly on the Sava, close to one of the nicest villages, Bok near Sisak, iodine-laden thermal water rises from a Valja spomenuti i sisaËke jodne toplice Ëija voda sadræi single pipe and drains unused into the earth. Though this 0,253 g/l joda, a osobito Lipik, koji je bio poznat veÊ u is high quality water, there is not even a single pool rimsko doba, a nalazi se 30 km istoËno od Jasenovca. available to make use of it, of the kind that small places Osamdesetih godina Lipik se ubrajao meu najpoznatija in Hungary provide, such as ©ulok near BarË. This ljeËiliπna srediπta u Hrvatskoj. Mjesto je teπko stradalo shows what kind of unexploited capacities there are in tijekom Domovinskoga rata. Niti ergela lipicanera ni the central area and all along the Sava River. konji u Lipiku nisu ostali poπteeni od rata i do danas se ta vaæna turistiËka atrakcija, poput druge ergele u Sloveniji, Neither Topusko nor Lipik are capable at the moment of nije mogla oporaviti. Naprotiv, povijesne graevine i okol- competing on the world market. The development of ni krajolik polako propadaju13. Posavina into a tourist destination that will live from its nature, the traditional countryside culture and the ecolog- Izravno na Savi, u blizini jednog od najljepπih sela, Boka ical activities, however, will indirectly increase the attrac- kod Siska, izvire termalna voda s jodom iz jedne cijevi i tiveness of Topusko and Lipik. This could result in these odlazi neiskoriπtena u tlo. Iako je to visokokvalitetna spas, in spite of their current weaknesses with respect to voda, na raspolaganju nema ni obiËnoga bazena, poput quality, in conjunction with the "Posavina experience", onih kakve nude mala mjesta u Maarskoj, npr. Szulok becoming more viable on the international market. kod Barcsa. To pokazuje kakve joπ neiskoriπtene moguÊnosti postoje u srediπnjem podruËju, ali i duæ Save. Ni Topusko ni Lipik sada ne mogu konkurirati na svjetskom træiπtu. Izgradnja Posavine u turistiËko odrediπte koje Êe æivjeti od svoje prirode, tradicionalne seoske kulture i ekoloπkih aktivnosti, posredno Êe poveÊati i privlaËnost Topuskog i Lipika. To bi moglo rezultirati time da kupaliπta, unatoË sadaπnjim slabostima glede kakvoÊe, u povezanosti s «posavskim doæivljajemﬂ postanu sposobnija za meunarodno træiπte.

Slika 4.6. Lonjsko Polje / Lonjsko Polje

40 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

5. USP (Unique Selling Point) u 5. The USP (Unique Selling Point) in europskoj usporedbi European comparisons

TuristiËko odrediπte koje ne moæe privuÊi velike træiπne A tourist destination that cannot attract major segments segmente veÊ na temelju svojih osnovnih karakteristika of the market on the basis of its own basic characteristics (pjeπËana plaæa za kupaliπni turizam) mora posjedovati (sandy beaches for swimming tourism) must possess neko jedinstveno obiljeæje (unique selling point). some unique selling point.

5.1 Lonjsko polje ‡ jedinstveni park prirode 5.1 Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - one of a na Mediteranu kind in the Mediterranean

Takvo jedinstveno obiljeæje na Mediteranu posjeduju Such a unique selling point is possessed on the Posavina i park prirode Lonjsko polje, zahvaljujuÊi Mediterranean by Posavina and Lonjsko Polje Nature • autentiËnoj slavenskoj seoskoj kulturi Park thanks to • duæ rijeke bogate povijeπÊu • the authentic, Slavonic village culture • usred drevnog krajolika poplavnih povrπina • along a river with a rich history •i bogatstvu rijetkih biljnih i æivotinjskih vrsta, kao i • in the middle of an ancient landscape in the flood plain • povoljnom prometnom poloæaju. • the richness of rare plant and animal species and • a favourable transportation position.

5.2 Vaæan element identiteta 5.2 An important element of the identity Hrvatska se od konkurentskih mediteranskih zemalja ne razlikuje po klimi, veÊ po krajoliku i kulturnim tragovi- Of the competitive Mediterranean countries, Croatia ma koje su ostavili brojni narodi. Rimski ostaci, peËat does not differ in terms of climate, but by the landscape and the cultural traces that have been left by many peo- Mletaka, ostavπtina Habsburgovaca mogu se meutim ples. Roman remains, the stamp of the Venetians, the vidjeti i drugdje. Za razliku od toga, tipiËno naslijee legacy of the Habsburgs - all these are familiar sights in Slavena moæe se sresti samo u kontinentalnim selima. other countries too. Unlike this, the typical heritage of Njihov pitoreskni karakter moæe se iskoristiti kao vaæan the Slavic peoples can be found only in the inland vil- element hrvatskoga identiteta prilikom novog usmjere- lages. Their picturesque nature can be made use of as an nja kao turistiËkog odrediπta, te stvaranja inovativnoga important element of the Croatian identity during any turistiËkog proizvoda. new orientation as tourist destination, and the creation of an innovative new tourist product. Dojmljiva i tipiËna sela mogu se pronaÊi u Ëitavoj Hrvatskoj, a ne samo u Posavini; Kumrovec, Slunj, Striking and typical villages can be found in the whole of Motovun veÊ su otkriveni. Meutim, novi pokuπaj poti- Croatia, not only in Posavina: Kumrovec, Slunj, canja propadajuÊih ruralnih podruËja trebao bi zapoËeti u Motovun have already been discovered. However, a new srednjoj Posavini, u Lonjskom polju. attempt to stimulate the decaying agricultural areas should start in central Posavina, in Lonjsko Polje. Jer oni nude viπe od autentiËnosti i prirode, naime, plat- For they offer more than authenticity and nature, that is, formu koja je pogodna za postupnu izgradnju raznovrsne a platform that is suitable for the gradual construction of ponude. a diverse range of products.

5.3 TuristiËka privlaËnost 5.3 Tourist attractiveness

PrivlaËnost odreenog odrediπta odreuje velik broj The attractiveness of a given destination is determined meusobno poveznih Ëimbenika: by a large number of interlinked factors: • poloæaj, dostupnost i infrastruktura, • position, accessibility and infrastructure • raznovrsnost ponude, doæivljaj i usluga, • diversity of range of what is on offer, experiences • estetika, poznatost, ugled i interes, and services • znaËaj, razvoj i prezentacija. • aesthetics, degree to which it is known, prestige and interest, • importance, development and presentation.

Bilten parka prirode 41 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Ako se ta skala uzme kao polaziπte, postaje jasno zaπto If this scale is taken as a point of departure, it is clear su posavska sela dosad u turistiËkom pogledu takoreÊi why the Posavina villages have to date taken only walk- samo statirala. Iako se do njih moæe lako doÊi, rijetki to on roles from the point of view of tourism. Although it is znaju. Iako su jedinstvena, lijepa i autentiËna, Ëak ni u easy to get to them, few know of them. Although they are Hrvatskoj nisu dovoljno poznata, a kamoli izvan unique, pretty and authentic, even in Croatia they are lit- njezinih granica. Ornitolozima i etnolozima Lonjsko je tle known, let alone across the frontiers. Ornithologists polje vaæno, a umjetnicima i arhitektima zanimljivo. Taj and ethnologists find Lonjsko Polje important, and it is træiπni segment, meutim, ne moæe donijeti gospodarski interesting for artists and architects. But this section of potreban broj posjetitelja koji bi potaknuo veÊe inicija- the market can hardly bring the economically necessary tive. NajveÊi je nedostatak - moglo bi se prigovoriti - πto number of visitors to set off great initiatives. The biggest ovo podruËje ne nudi puno viπe od romantiËnih slika. drawback is that this area offers almost nothing except its romantic images.

5.4 Mozaik s doæivljajnim potencijalom 5.4 A mosaic with experiential potential U usporedbi s ostatkom Europe Posavina je jedinstveno podruËje. A ono πto je Ëini jedinstvenom nisu pojedi- In comparison with the rest of Europe, Posavina is a naËni neobiËni aspekti ‡ bilo da se radi o selima, nji- unique area. What makes it unique is not the individual hovim æivotima i tradiciji, parku prirode, Savi, rijeËnim unusual aspects - the villages, their lives and traditions, dolinama, hrastovim πumama, bogatstvu ptica ili po- the nature park, the Sava, the river valleys, the oak forest, vijesti graniËnoga podruËja. Potencijal Posavine se krije the richness in birds or the history of the borderland. The u mozaiku sastavljenom od tih elemenata te moguÊnos- potential of Posavina inheres in the mosaic composed of tima koje ovaj mozaik nudi u smislu razvoja doæivljaji- these elements, and the possibilities that this mosaic ma bogate ponude za razliËite ciljne skupine. affords from the point of view of development of an experience rich tourist product for various target groups.

5.5 TuristiËki plan 5.5 The tourist plan TuristiËki plan mora: The tourist plan has to: • saËuvati obiljeæja mozaika, • osigurati odræivi razvoj, • preserve the features of the mosaic • predvidjeti træiπno orijentirane doæivljaje, • ensure sustainable development • identificirati ciljne skupine za koje regija moæe • provide for market-oriented experiences postati privlaËna kao mjesto za odmor i • identify target groups for whom the region has to rekreaciju, become attractive as site for rest and recreation • utvrditi njihove motive putovanja i rekreacije • determine their motivation in travelling and recre- • u skladu s time uobliËiti ideje za proizvode koji ation • u srediπte stavljaju potrebe, moguÊnosti i sposobnos- • in line with this, formulate the ideas for the products ti domaÊeg stanovniπtva, that • da ih integriraju i ukljuËuju u ponudu, • place in the centre the needs, capacities and abilities • dalje razvijaju prirodne i kulturne vrijednosti of the local population Posavine, • and integrate these into the product • odreuju prioritete, • go on to develop the natural and cultural values of •u obzir uzimaju tendencije træiπta Posavina •i istodobno traæe meunarodno priznanje, kako bi • determine priorities Posavina postala poznatom. • take trends on the market into consideration • and at the same time seek international recognition, Cilj je stvoriti raznovrsni, doæivljajima bogat proizvod so that Posavina should become well known. koji Êe iskoriπtavati i buduÊe generacije, saËuvati sve spomenute elemente, te privuÊi πto je moguÊe viπe The objective is to create a diverse, experience-rich ciljnih skupina iz same Hrvatske i susjednih zemalja. product that will be able to be used by future generations, that will preserve all the elements stated above, and attract as many possible of the target groups from Croatia itself and from neighbouring countries.

42 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

6. Potencijalne zapreke 6. Potential obstacles

6.1 Prostorno ureenje 6.1 Land planning and zoning

Prostorno ureenje u Hrvatskoj je utvreno Strategijom Land planning is laid down in Croatia by the Land i programom prostornog planiranja. (Republika Planning Strategy and Programme (Republic of Croatia, Hrvatska 1997., 1999.) Prema tom programu, prostorni 1997, 1999). According to this programme, land plans se planovi izrauju iskljuËivo za æupanije, tako da ne are drawn up only for the counties, and thus there is no postoji prostorni plan za Hrvatsku. overall, Croatia-wide plan.

Time se sukob izmeu pojedinih sektora, kao πto su Thus the conflicts between the given sectors, such as promet, energija, vodno gospodarstvo, zaπtita okoliπa i transport, energy, water management, environmental turizam, a osobito njihova prava na okoliπ, prebacuje na protection and tourism, and particularly their rights to regionalnu razinu umjesto da se rjeπava na nacionalnoj the environment, are devolved to the regional level, razini. Æupanije, meutim, ne mogu mijenjati nacionalne instead of being settled nationally. The counties, howev- prioritete koji su zacrtani u Strategiji i programu pros- er, cannot change the national priorities that are set out tornog planiranja, premda sukobi ciljeva postaju uoËljivi in the strategy and the programme, although the conflicts tek prilikom izradbe prostornih planova. Bez obzira na inherent in the objectives can become evident only when to, æupanijski prostorni plan mora obuhvatiti sve projek- the land plans are actually worked out. Irrespective of te iz nacionalnog programa; æupanija moæe jedino pred- this, the county land plan has to cover all the projects loæiti alternativna rjeπenja ili dati prigovor. Donoπenje from the national programme; the county can only pro- odluke je u ovlasti Vlade i Ministarstva zaπtite okoliπa i pose alternative solutions or make objections. Decision prostornog ureenja. making is within the jurisdiction of the Government and the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Zoning. Za park prirode Lonjsko polje postoji treÊa razina planiranja. Prema Zakonu o zaπtiti okoliπa, park prirode se For the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park there is however a third izjednaËava s nacionalnim parkom ‡ pa i u pogledu pros- level of planning. According to the Environment tornog planiranja. Kao podruËje od dræavnoga znaËenja, Protection Law, a nature park is equivalent to a national nacionalni park dobiva vlastiti prostorni plan koji ima park - to do with land planning as well, then. As an area of prednost pred drugim prostornim planovima. Na taj se national importance, a national park has a zoning plan of naËin mogu ublaæiti i sprijeËiti negativni utjecaji drugih its own, which has priority over other land plans. In this prostornih planova ili pokazati alternative. manner the negative impacts that other land plans have can be palliated or obviated, and alternatives can be shown.

6.2 Sukobi ciljeva 6.2 Conflicts of objectives Rjeπavanje sukoba ciljeva je od odluËujuÊeg znaËenja za regionalni razvoj i oËuvanje turistiËkoga potencijala. Na The settlement of conflicting objectives is of crucial veÊi broj takvih sukoba nailazimo kako u srediπnjem importance for regional development and the preserva- podruËju tako i na prostorima izvan njegovih granica. tion of the tourist potential. We come across a major Posebno valja napomenuti sljedeÊe: number of such conflicts in both the central area and in the areas beyond its borders. In particular, the following • Planirana trasa brzog vlaka izmeu Zagreba i should be pointed out: Slavonskog Broda prolazila bi i kroz park prirode. Za to treba pronaÊi alternativu - po moguÊnosti na pos- • The planned route of the fast train between Zagreb tojeÊoj trasi ‡ kao πto to traæi æupanija i grad Sisak. and Slavonski Brod which would cross over poten- Gradnja nove trase podijelila bi park prirode, a i tial areas and through the nature park. An alternative uniπtila velike povrπine vlaænih dolina i krajolika. has to be found for this - preferably along the exist- • Sava bi se trebala odræavati za rijeËnu plovidbu na ing route - as the county and the city of Sisak request. takav naËin da se ne mijenja vodni reæim, tok rijeke i The construction of a new route would split the obala u podruËju jezgre. Za projekt kanala Dunav- nature park, and destroy large areas of wetland and Sava-Jadran joπ nije izraena studija utjecaja na landscape. okoliπ, kao ni analiza troπkova i koristi. Taj bi projekt • The Sava should be kept for river navigation, by potpuno promijenio ekosustav Save i rijeËni krajolik keeping the water regime unchanged, the course of

Bilten parka prirode 43 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

liπio sadaπnje autentiËnosti i kakvoÊe. Novi the river and the banks in the area of the core. No meunarodni sporazum o Savi, potpisan 3. prosinca environmental impact study has yet been made for 2002. godine izmeu bivπih republika, predvia the Danube-Sava-Adriatic canal project, nor has samo obnovu rijeËne plovidbe na razini iz 1990. there been an analysis of cost-benefits. This project godine. Svi ostali planovi moraju se ispitati na would totally change the ecosystem of the Sava and meunarodnoj razini. deprive the landscape of the authenticity and quality • Jednim starim projektom isuπivanja tla koji je joπ na it now has. A new international agreement about the snazi predvieno je da se poplavne povrπine pre- Sava, signed on December 3 2002 among the former polove. Meutim, postojeÊi sustav zaπtite od poplava republics only provides for the revitalisation of river u rijeËnim dolinama srednje Save kao retencijskim navigation to the level of 1990. All other plans have povrπinama jedinstven je primjer u svijetu. On ispu- to be tested out at the international level. njava i moderne aspekte planiranja slijevnog • An old plan that is still in force provided for the dry- podruËja koji su definirani u smjernici EU-a o ing out of some of the wetland areas to reduce the vodama. Ekoloπka studija izraena za Svjetsku total area by half. However, the existing flood pro- banku14 poboljπala je stari, iskljuËivo hidro-tehniËki tection system in the river valleys of the central Sava, projekt ekoloπkim i ekonomskim argumentima. Kao as retention areas, is a unique area in the world. It vaæan temelj za oËuvanje kulturno-prirodnog nasli- also fulfils modern aspects of the planning of a jea uz Savu i njegovo iskoriπtavanje u turistiËke drainage area that are laid down in EU directives svrhe, taj poboljπani program mogao bi se 2004. naÊi about water. An ecological study made for the World na dnevnom redu Svjetske banke za financiranje. Bank14 improved the old, only hydraulic engineering project with ecological and economic arguments. As Takvi se sukobi ne mogu rijeπiti na regionalnoj razini, an important foundation for the preservation of the nego o njima mora odluËivati Vlada. cultural and natural heritage along the Sava and its use for tourist purposes, this improved programmed Treba rijeπiti i regionalne sukobe. Tako se u prostornom might find itself on the World Bank’s 2004 financing planu SisaËke æupanije nizina juæno od Save tretira kao agenda.

Slika 4.7.: Sava - prirodni rjeËni tok usprkos plovnosti / The Sava - natural course of the river in spite of being navigable

44 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina kulturni krajolik od nacionalnog znaËenja, a istovremeno Such conflicts cannot be solved at a regional level; rather, se predvia visokonaponsku trasu i melioracijske mjere the Government has to make decisions about them. koje bi taj krajolik promijenile. Regional conflicts also need settling. Thus in the land plan of the Sisak County, the lowland south of the Sava is treat- 6.3 Industrijski pogoni ed as a cultural landscape of national importance, while at the same time HV lines and reclamation measures are also Tvornica umjetnoga gnojiva u blizini Kutine bitno utjeËe envisaged, which would change this same landscape. na prirodu u sjevernom dijelu parka prirode Lonjsko Polje. I ovdje, kao i u sisaËkom industrijskom podruËju na Savi, postaje jasna sudbina mnogih rijeËnih krajolika. 6.3 Industrial plant Rijeke se rado koriste kao odvodi velikih industrijskih podruËja i time se uniπtavaju poplavna podruËja. The chemical fertiliser plant close to Kutina has a very Petrokemija u Kutini godinama odlaæe svoj otpad fos- considerably impact on the nature in the northern part of fornoga gipsa i kiselih otpadnih voda na poplavnim the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park. Here to, as with the case livadama Save. Odvojeno samo nedovoljno stabilnim of the Sisak industrial zone on the Sava, the fate of many nasipom, to odlagaliπte optereÊuje okoliπ i sprjeËava of the river landscapes becomes clear. Rivers are very razvoj turistiËkog pristupa iz drugoga najvaænijega grada often used to drain the plant of large industrial areas and regije. Pucanje nasipa, koji joπ nisu prilagoeni stan- hence the flood plain is destroyed. The Petrochemical dardima zaπtite od visokih voda, bila bi katastrofa za Plant in Kutina has for years dumped its phosphorous park prirode, Savu i podruËje Dunava. Zatvaranje i gypsum waste and acid effluent on the water meadows of sanacija odlagaliπta bilo bi jedino razumno rjeπenje i tre- the Sava. Separated only by inadequately stable embank- balo bi ga poticati na nacionalnoj i meunarodnoj razini. ments, these dumps are a burden on the environment and PomoÊu rekultiviranja mogli bi se poboljπati izgledi za prevent the development of the tourist approach from the park prirode, Kutinu i goste te ukloniti ekoloπku opas- second most important town of the region. The breaking nost. of the dykes, which are still not adapted properly to high

Slika 6.1.: Samo jednostavni nasipi od ilovaËe odvajaju jako Slika 6.2.: Drvene kuÊe propadaju... / Wooden houses decaying kiselu otpadnu vodu od vodenih masa u Lonjskom polju / Only a simple dyke of clay separates the highly acidic effluent from the water in Lonjsko Polje

Slika 6.3.: ... i zamjenjuju se kuÊama od cigli / ... and being Slika 6.4.: Sela gube svoj karakter / The village is losing its replaced by brick-built houses character

Bilten parka prirode 45 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

6.4 Arhitektonske strukture water protection standards, would be a catastrophe for the nature park, the Sava and the Danube area. The closure TipiËna linearna posavska sela srastaju u beskonaËne and handling of these dumps should be the only rational urbane nizove duæ glavnih prometnica. Prostorni plan solution, and should be encouraged at a national and SisaËke æupanije ne predvia nikakve zelene zone international level. With the help of recultivation, the izmeu naselja ili dijelova naselja (str. 107), nego, appearance for the nature park, for Kutina and for visitors naprotiv, potiËe taj negativni trend. Prostorni plan grada could be improved, and the danger of an ecological dis- Siska preporuËuje izgradnju sela duæ prometnica i unutar aster could be obviated. samoga parka prirode Lonjsko polje. Mnoge tradicionalne drvene kuÊe izloæene su propadan- ju, prodaju se i ruπe te moraju ustupiti mjesto modernim 6.4 Architectural structures kuÊama od cigle. Ovdje novi prostorni plan za SisaËku æupaniju doduπe intervenira zabranom ruπenja i dozvola- The typical linear Posavina villages join into endless ma za nove graevine, no za provedbu te dobre regula- stretches of ribbon development along the main roads. tive nedostaju financijski i tehniËki instrumenti. The Sisak County land plan has not provided for any green belts between the settlements or parts of settlements (p. 107), but has on the contrary done its best to stimulate this negative tendency. The land plan of Sisak city recommends the construction of villages along the roads and within the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park itself.

Many traditional wooden houses are exposed to decay, are sold and knocked down, and have to give way to modern brick-built houses. Here the new land plan for Sisak County has stepped in, banning demolition and licenses for new buildings, but for the implementation of these laudable regulations, there are no financial or tech- nical instruments.

46 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

7. Træiπta i ciljne skupine 7. Markets and target groups

7.1 Tri kljuËna træiπta 7.1 Three key markets

Zagreb i okolica: Posavina moæe za posjetitelje glavno- Zagreb and surrounds: Posavina can become an attrac- ga grada Hrvatske postati atrakcija, a za gradsko tion for the capital of Zagreb, and is in fact an ideal stanovniπtvo idealno izletiπte i podruËje za mnogobrojne excursion spot for many weekend activities, for school vikendaπke aktivnosti, za πkolske izlete, odrediπte za trips, and as a destination for cyclists, walkers, nature bicikliste, πetaËe, prijatelje prirode, ribiËe, vozaËe kanua, lovers, anglers, canoeists, riders and so on. jahaËe itd. Neighbouring countries: special interest groups could be Susjedne zemlje: Specijalne interesne skupine mogle bi se attracted in Austria, Slovenia and Hungary, particularly pridobiti u Austriji, Sloveniji, Maarskoj, posebno meu among cyclists, nature lovers, families with children. biciklistima, prijateljima prirode, obiteljima s djecom. Central Europe: depending on the attraction and quality Srednja Europa: Ovisno o privlaËnosti i kakvoÊi of the entire range of products, and how well known they cjelokupne ponude i njezine poznatosti, u srednjoj are, in Central Europe too there are also lovers of nature, Europi jednako u obzir dolaze ljubitelji prirode, bicik- cyclists, families with children and other special groups, listi, obitelji s djecom i druge specijalne skupine, kao i as well as tourists who are passing through. There might turisti na proputovanju. Zanimljiva izvorna regija mogla also be an interesting market in the Netherlands, which bi biti i Nizozemska, koja bi na Savi ponovno pronaπla might on the Sava once again find the lost landscapes of izgubljene krajolike svojih rijeka. its own rivers.

7.2 Motivacije ciljnih skupina 7.2 Motivations of target groups

Slojevita istraæivanja motivacija ciljnih skupina u Complex investigations into the motivations of target podruËju turizma i slobodnog vremena poznata su iz groups from the area of tourism and leisure are known NjemaËke. No ona bi se mogla primijeniti u svim zem- from Germany. But they could be applied to all coun- ljama srednje Europe sliËnih æivotnih uvjeta. U motivi- tries of C Europe with similar living conditions. ma za putovanja odraæava se promjena vrednovanja u Changes in values in society are reflected in the motiva- druπtvu. Dok su u proπlosti prevladavale relativno jed- tion for travel. While in the past relatively simple needs nostavne potrebe, buduÊi turizam je u sve veÊoj mjeri dominated, future tourism is increasingly linked with povezan sa samoostvarenjem. Istaknuta je potraga za self- realisation. The need for something special is posebnim, a zahtjevi vezani uz to su sve ambiciozniji. increasingly prominent, and the requirements linked Pritom je u prvom planu æelja za autentiËnoπÊu. with this are increasingly ambitious. In the foreground is the desire for authenticity. Glavni motiv za odmor je doduπe i dalje odmor, no od poËetka 80-ih sve veÊu vaænost poprimaju motivi poput The main motivation for holiday is still - to take a rest, uæivanja, druæenja, kretanja i proπirivanja obzora. Sada but from the beginning of the 90s, motives such as se uz prijaπnje glavne motive (kupanje, odmor, kulturu) enjoyment, socialising, movement and broadening hori- pojavilo novo kompleksno klupko motiva za putovanje. zons have become increasingly important. Now on con- Tome pripada intenzivno uæivanje, odmor u prirodi, tje- junction with the previous main motives (swimming, lesna i sportska aktivnost, vienje novih stvari, doæivlja- rest, culture) there is a complex tangle of motivations for vanje senzualnosti, zdravlje i suverenost vremena. travel. Here there is more intense enjoyment, relaxation in nature, physical and sporting activities, seeing new Motivi turista razlikuju se, ovisno o socijalno-demograf- things, the experience of sensuousness, health and the skim obiljeæjima (starosna dob, obrazovanje, prihodi), o sovereignty of time. sklonostima, osobnim i obiteljskim potrebama (tjelesna konstitucija, djeca), o odrediπtima putovanja (more, pla- The motivation of tourists varies depending on their social nine) i o obliku odmora (hotel, seosko imanje, apart- and demographic characteristics (age, education, income mani, autokampovi). Sukladno orijentaciji ciljnih group), their proclivities, personal and family needs skupina otvaraju se odgovarajuÊe moguÊnosti obliko- (physical condition, children), the destinations to which vanja ponude. they travel (sea or mountain) and the form of the accom-

Bilten parka prirode 47 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

OpÊenito turist na odmoru priæeljkuje suprotnosti i modation required (hotel, farm, flatlets, motor camps). In razliËite svjetove, koji se jasno razlikuju od svako- line with the orientation of the target groups, there are dnevnice. On æeli doæivjeti neπto potpuno drugaËije. U appropriate possibilities for designing the product range. turistiËkoj potraænji, osim aktivnosti i motivacije, mogu se primijetiti razliËiti trendovi ‡ meu njima individua- In general the tourist wants on holiday to have contrasts lizacija motiva i rastuÊa razina zahtjeva. Osnovne usluge, and different worlds, which are clearly different from the kao πto su smjeπtaj, gastronomija, kvalitetne ponude everyday world. The tourist wants to experience some- zabave gost smatra samorazumljivima i oËekuje dodatne thing completely different. In the tourist demand, apart usluge visoke vrijednosti emocionalnog doæivljaja. from activities and motivations, various trends can be seen – among them, the individualisation of motives and the Individualizacija, kao reakcija na globalizaciju, odluËu- growing level of requirements. The basic services, such as juÊi je druπtveni trend. Turistu treba stoga pruæiti neπto accommodation, gastronomy, quality entertainment prod- jedinstveno πto je drugima nedostupno. ucts are taken for granted by the guests, and they expect additional services with high emotional experience value. Pripadnost socijalnim i demografskim skupinama suviπe je grubo obiljeæje klasifikacije turistiËkog træiπta u Individualisation as reaction to globalisation is a deci- danaπnje vrijeme. KlasiËni postupci segmentiranja sive social trend. The tourist needs to be given some- træiπta viπe gotovo ne vrijede za odreivanje ciljnih thing unique, which is inaccessible to others. skupina. Affiliation to social and demographic groups is too Tako se dosadaπnja poznata ciljna skupina starijih ljudi coarse a characteristic for the classification of the tourist (preko 50 godina) rasprπila u djelomiËnim skupinama i market of our day. Classical procedures of market seg- viπe ne tvori zatvorenu homogenu cjelinu nego se sasto- mentation are almost no value at all for the determina- ji od velikog broja razliËitih ciljnih skupina: «mladihfl i tion of target groups. «starihfl starih turista u potrazi za zdravljem i doæivljaji- ma, ljubitelja sporta i kulture, seniora s velikim i malim Thus the precious known target group of older people primanjima, parova i «starijih samacafl. Ovakvo silno (over 50) has split into partial groups and no longer rasprπivanje u podskupine moæe se primijetiti u svim forms a closed and homogenous grouping, but consists ciljnim skupinama, bez obzira je li rijeË o biciklistima ili of a large number of different target groups of "younger" ljubiteljima prirode, ljubiteljima kulture ili πetnja, and "older" senior target groups, those seeking health parovima ili mladim obiteljima. and experiences, lovers of sport and culture, seniors with

Tablica 7.1. NjemaËko træiπte: Motivacija i vrijednosti u ponaπanju odabranih ciljnih skupina u slobodno vrijeme i na odmoru / German market: Motivation and choosen value in behaviour of the target group within holidays and during the free time Izvor: Institut für Freizeitwirtschaft, Ciljne skupine u slobodno vrijeme 1995. - 2005.

48 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Rasprπivanje ciljnih skupina zahtijeva specijalizaciju greater or smaller incomes, couples and mature singles. ponuda koja Êe im biti prilagoena. Te se ponude mora- This kind of splitting up into subgroups can be observed ju dosljedno usmjeravati prema odabranim ciljnim in all the target groups, irrespective of whether it is a skupinama (obiteljima, ljubiteljima prirode, bird matter of cyclists or nature lovers, culture enthusiasts or watcherima /promatraËima ptica, biciklistima, πetaËima). walkers, couples or young families.

Osim osnovnoga standarda, gost oËekuje i posebnu The dispersion of target groups requires specialised atmosferu i emocionalne doæivljaje. Stoga su traæene products, adapted to them. These products must be con- inovacije Ëiji sadræaj Ëine neobiËna iskustva, sistently oriented towards the selected groups (families, iznenaenja i poticaji (ambijent, doæivljaj, zabava, pus- nature lovers, birdwatchers, cyclists, walkers). tolovina, jedinstvenost). Apart from the basic standards, guests also look for a spe- Takva vrsta orijentiranosti prema gostu moæe se postiÊi cial atmosphere and emotional experiences. For this rea- stalnim treningom suradnika, kao i stalnim informiran- son innovations are sought, the contents of which consist jem regionalne javnosti kako bi i ona znala potrebe of unusual experience, surprises and stimuli (ambiences, gostiju. experiences, entertainment, adventure, uniqueness).

Za projekt Posavina razmatraju se ciljne skupine Ëije Êe This way of being focused on the visitor can be achieved se karakteristike shematski prikazati. with the constant training of the workers, and the continued giving of information to the regional public, so that it should be acquainted with guest needs. 7.3 Prirodni turisti (ekoturisti) For the Posavina project, the target groups will be consid- NjemaËka pravi razliku izmeu «prirodnog turizmafl - ered, and their characteristics presented in tabular form. svaki oblik odmora vezan uz prirodu - i «ekoturizmafl - samo ekoloπka i socijalno odgovorna putovanja. Pojam Svjetske turistiËke organizacije «ecotourismfl odgovara 7.3 Nature tourists (or eco-tourists) njemaËkom pojmu «Naturtourismusfl (prirodni turizam), a ne uæem pojmu «Ökotourismusfl (ekoturizam). Germany makes a difference between nature tourism - NjemaËki izvori kao i Svjetska turistiËka organizacija every form of rest and recreation connected with nature - procjenjuju njemaËki potencijal «prirodnih turistafl na and eco-tourism, which can mean only ecologically and 11,5 ‡ 14,5 milijuna. socially aware travelling. The WTO concept eco-tourism corresponds to the German Naturtourismus (nature Prema miπljenju Svjetske turistiËke organizacije i tourism) and not to the narrow concept of Eco-tourism. njemaËkih izvora, razvoj proizvoda usmjeren na ciljnu German sources and the WTO estimate the German skupinu «prirodnih turistafl dobit Êe na znaËenju. potential of nature tourists at 11.5 to 14.5 million. Takoer i u pogledu motiva analize dolaze do usklaenih rezultata: njemaËki «prirodni turistfl traæi tjelesne In the opinion of the WTO and German sources, the devel- aktivnosti, zanimaju ga krajolici i kulture, æeli kontakt s opment of products directed at the target group of "nature domaÊinima, nema predrasuda, zadovoljan je i sa tourists" will take on increasing significance. With respect skromnim smjeπtajem, æeli otkrivati i neπto nauËiti. On to motivation, the analyses arrive at compatible results: the ne voli masovni turizam. »ak 50% te ciljne skupine rez- German nature tourist seeks physical activity, he is inter- ervira smjeπtaje koje vode domaÊini, 45,6% putuje ested in landscapes and cultures, he wishes to have con- najradije individualno, 41,2% æeli lokalnu kuhinju i tacts with the host people, he has no prejudices, is satisfied 41,2% æeli toliko hvaljeno gostoprimstvo. with quite modest accommodation, wishes to discover and to learn. He does not like mass tourism. 50% of this group Druge ciljne skupine, kao πto su «mlade obiteljifl, book accommodation run by the hosts, 45.6% rather trav- «biciklistifl, «πetaËifl imaju s viπe aspekata gledano el individually, 41.2% want local cuisine, and 41.2% are sliËne motive. Stoga se pripadnicima tih skupine moæe after the much-vaunted hospitality. pristupiti istim proizvodom, kao i «prirodnim turistimafl. The other target groups, such as young families, cyclists, walkers, have similar motives looked at from several aspects. For this reason members of this group can be addressed with the same products as the "nature tourists".

Bilten parka prirode 49 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

8TuristiËki koncept 8. Tourist concept

8.1 Ciljevi 8.1 Objectives

• Kako bi se poboljπali æivotni uvjeti lokalnog • So as to improve the living conditions of the local pop- stanovniπtva, prirodu i kulturno naslijee Posavine ulation, the nature and the cultural heritage of Posavina treba poËeti iskoriπtavati u turistiËke svrhe: tako Êe se should be started to be used for the purposes of priroda i kulturno naslijee trajno promicati i tourism: in this manner, nature and the cultural heritage djelotvorno πtititi! will be constantly promoted and effectively protected. • Posavina Êe postati jezgrom razvoja turizma u konti- • Posavina will become a nucleus for the development nentalnom dijelu Hrvatske πto Êe proizvesti uËinak i of tourism in the inland part of Croatia, which will izvan njezinih granica. have an effect beyond the country’s borders too.

Jedinstveni prirodni prostor Posavine The unique natural area of Posavina • posljednji primjer autentiËnoga, srednjovjekovnog • the last example of an authentic, medieval manner of naËina obraivanja rijeËne doline, employing the river valleys, • sa slikovitim selima, s tradicionalnom arhitekturom • with picturesque villages and traditional architecture drvenih kuÊica (posavski stil) of wooden houses (Posavina style) • duæ obala spore i πiroke Save, • along the banks of the broad, slow-moving Sava, •s bogatstvom æivotinjskih i biljnih vrsta i • with an abundance of animal and plant species and • parkom prirode Lonjsko polje kao srediπtem • the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park as the centre postat Êe jezgrom razvoja inovativnoga turistiËkog i will become the core of the development of an innova- rekreativnog odrediπta, kako za stanovnike Zagreba, tive tourist and recreational destination, both for inhabi- tako i za meunarodno træiπte. tants of Zagreb and for the international market.

Na ovom iznimnom, na Mediteranu neponovljivu pros- In this exceptional and, in Mediterranean terms, unre- toru stapaju se peatable space, there is a merging of: • gotovo netaknuta priroda, s osobito brojnim ptiËjim vrstama meu kojima ima i rijetkih vrsta, • an almost untouched nature with particularly numer- • slikovito ozraËje æivota u posavskim selima s nji- ous bird species among which there are some rare hovim obiËajima i sveËanostima, species, • tipiËna regionalna jela i piÊa, • a picturesque mood of life in the Posavina villages • tradicionalna poljoprivreda i paπnjaci sa starim pa- with their customs and ceremonies sminama domaÊih æivotinja, • typical regional food and drink • jezerski i rijeËni ribolov i plivajuÊe rijeËne vodenice, • traditional agricultural and the pasture land with the • stari obrti koji se dijelom mogu ponovno probuditi, old indigenous breeds of domestic animals, seljaËka umjetnost i seoski proizvodi, • lacustrine and riverine fishing and swimming water- mills in the river,, tvoreÊi træiπno orijentiranu turistiËku ponudu, • the old crafts that can partially be revived, village art •s ugodnim smjeπtajem u starim drvenim seoskim and country products, kuÊama, opremljenim modernom sanitarnom, op- skrbnom i kanalizacijskom infrastrukturom, creating a market oriented tourist product •s ruralnim gastronomskim doæivljajem, • with pleasant accommodation in the old wooden vil- •s raznovrsnim sportskim i rekreacijskim aktivnosti- lage houses equipped with modern sanitary, sewage ma koje ipak ne naruπavaju okoliπ i koje and supply infrastructure, • dijelom slijede duh vremena, • with a rural gastronomic experience, • dijelom njeguju klasiËne sportove, • with various diverse sporting and recreational activi- • dijelom ponovno bude zaboravljeno, ties that do not, nevertheless, damage the environ- • sa stazama za otkrivanje prirode, mjestima za pro- ment and that matranje æivotinja i izloæbenim prostorima, • partially follow the spirit of the times, • sa seoskim sveËanostima koje se razlikuju od sela do • partially cultivate classical sports sela i koje njeguju svoje najosebujnije karakteristike, • partially reawaken the forgotten • sa snaænim doæivljajnim, zabavnim i edukativnim, • paths and tracks for discovering nature, places for informativnim sastavnicama. nature spotting and with exhibition areas,

50 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

OsmatraËki toranj u Parku prirode Vértes (HU) / Observation tower in Vertes Nature Park (HU)

Informacija o æliËarkama na otoku Texel (NL) / Promatranja na otoku Texel (NL) / Information about spoonbills on Texel Island (NL) Observing on Texel Island (NL)

NoÊenje u selskoj kuÊi sa rodama (PL) / Staying in a village house with storks (PL)

Fosilni hrastovi u Donjoj Rajni (NL) / Kruæni putevi u Marcheggu (A) / Fossil forests in the Lower thine (NL) Circular paths in Marcheeg (A)

Bilten parka prirode 51 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Ti ciljevi i koriπtenje prirode i kulturnog naslijea u okviru • with countryside festivities that are different from turistiËkoga razvoja odgovaraju smjernicama Svjetske village to village, cherishing their own most specific organizacije za zaπtitu prirode, IUCN-a. Posjetitelji traits, oËekuju dobru uslugu i πiroku ponudu aktivnosti15. • with powerful experiential, entertainment and educa- tive/informational components. Rekreativno podruËje otvara dva posve razliËita sadræaja koji privlaËe dio posjetitelja: These objectives and the use of nature and the cultural •U Sisku Êe se zahvaljujuÊi njegovoj povijesti i heritage within the framework of tourist development zemljopisnom poloæaju otvoriti tematski doæivljajni correspond to the guidelines of the World Organisation park u kome Êe biti inscenirana Vojna krajina, tvra- for the Protection of Nature IUCN. Visitors expect good va, sukobi i suæivot Habsburgovaca, Slavena i services and a broad range of activities.15 Turaka te prirodno podruËje Posavine; • Memorijalni centar Jasenovac podsjeÊa na najmra- The recreational area has two different contents that Ënije razdoblje Europe i obraÊa se ozbiljnim pos- attract some of the visitors: jetiteljima, s izloæbama, seminarima i meunarodnim programima kritiËkog spoznavanja povijesti te s kul- • In Sisak, thanks to its history and geographical posi- turnim programom i programima za mlade. tion there will be a theme/experience park in which the Military Border, the fortress, the conflicts and co- U srediπtu proizvoda je dan odmora na selu: Obitelj s existence of Habsburgs, Slavs and Turks will be dvoje male djece, smjeπtena u ugodnu sobu, ureenu u staged, together with the natural area of Posavina. starinskom stilu, u gostinjskom dijelu obnovljene drvene • The Jasenovac Memorial Centre will recall the dark- seljaËke kuÊe. Bogati doruËak na terasi okrenutoj est period in the history of Europe and cater for seri- dvoriπtu, s pogledom na seljakove domaÊe æivotinje. ous visitors with exhibitions, seminars and interna- Potom voænja biciklom uz obalu Save, sve do mjesta za tional programmes looking critically at this history, piknik i kupanje gdje na raspolaganju stoje i Ëamci za ves- with cultural programmes and programmes for the lanje. Poslijepodne povratak kroz rijeËnu dolinu i hrastove young. πume, s kratkim zaustavljanjima kod pastira, na mjestima za promatranje bjelorepog πtekavca, uz rezervat tur- In the centre of the product is the day of rest in the coun- opoljskih svinja, kod drvorezbara i vezilja. VeËer tryside: A family with two small children located in a zapoËinje ispijanjem Ëaπice rakije sa seljacima, a zavrπava pleasant room decorated in old-fashioned style in the peËenim πaranom i Ëaπom vina u idiliËnom vrtnom lokalu guest section of a renovated wooden village house. Rich uz rijeku. Automobila gotovo i nema, dok mira, prirode, breakfast on a terrace facing the yard, view of the aktivnosti, obiteljske atmosfere i doæivljaja ima u izobilju! farmer’s domestic animals. Then bicycle riding along the banks of the Sava, to the place for picnics and bathing, Automobilski promet se mora smanjiti koliko je god where there is also available for use a rowing boat. moguÊe i zamijeniti ekoloπki prihvatljivim transportnim sustavima. Iznimke Êe se praviti samo za lokalno Afternoon, return through the river valley and the oak stanovniπtvo, poslovne voænje i za dolazak i odlazak. forest, with brief stops by the herdsmen, at places for Cjelokupna infrastruktura Êe se ciljano i po potrebi watching the white tailed eagle, along the reserve for poboljπavati. Graevinske mjere bilo kakve vrste zakon- Turopolje hogs, at woodcarvers and embroiderers. ski Êe se regulirati, a zakoni Êe se morati poπtovati. I na Dinner starts with an aperitif of plum brandy, with the snazi Êe biti opÊa zabrana lova na ptice! village people, and ends with fried carp and a glass of wine in an idyllic garden pub by the river. There are Posavina mora izgraditi svoj imidæ i postati meunarod- almost no cars, while there is peace, nature, activity, nom turistiËkom markom. Svoju ponudu postupno mora family atmosphere and experience in abundance. povezati sa svime πto se nudi u unutraπnjosti zemlje, pa i izvan granica: Automobile traffic has to be reduced as much as possi- •s atraktivnim gradovima, kao πto su Zagreb, ble and be replaced with environment friendly means of Varaædin, Slavonski Brod, Vukovar, Osijek, transport. Exceptions have to be made for the local inha- Karlovac, bitants, for commercial driving, and coming and going. •s tvravama i dvorcima, poput Kostajnice, The whole of the infrastructure must be optimised, •s toplicama, kao πto su Lipik i Topusko, Daruvarske where necessary, according to targets. Architectural toplice i Naftalan, measures of any kind have to be legally regulated and •s drugim prirodnim atrakcijama, kao πto su KopaËki the laws must be respected. There will also be a general rit, Una, Drava ili Crna mlaka itd. ban on bird shooting or taking.

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8.2 Stupovi ponude Posavina has to build an image for itself and become an international tourist brand. It has to gradually link its • Danas potraænje za Posavinom gotovo i nema. Ona product with everything that is on offer inside the coun- se mora izgraditi usporedo s ponudom. Kako za try, and even outside: jedno i drugo treba vremena i novca, koncept se moæe ostvariti samo postupno, a to je potrebno i da • with attractive towns like Zagreb, Vara_din, bi se domaÊi investitori zaπtitili od rizika. Slavonski Brod, Vukovar, Osijek, Karlovac, •U prvi stupanj razvoja proizvoda trebalo bi uvrstiti • with castles and palaces like Kostajnica edukaciju domaÊih stanovnika ‡ po moguÊnosti na • with spas like Lipik, Topusko, Daruvar and Naftalan, modelu pomoÊu kojega bi se koncept ostvario. • with other natural attractions, such as KopaËki Rit, the Una, the Drava and Crna Mlaka. Glavna je tema cjelokupne ponude Posavina/Lonjsko polje «kulturni krajolik na Saviﬂ i orijentira se prema osnovnim potrebama turistiËkoga træiπta: 8.2 The pillars of the product range • odmor u prirodi, • promjena i raznolikost, • At the moment there is practically no demand for • doæivljaj i iskustvo. Posavina. It has to be developed in parallel with the supply. Since for both time and money are required, Prilikom ostvarivanja tih opÊih rekreativnih motiva i the concept can be implemented only gradually, so motiva odmora, u æariπtu su svih elemenata ponude naj- that domestic investors should be protected from risk. vaænije æelje ciljnih skupina iz zemlje i inozemstva. • In the first degree of product development should be the education of the domestic inhabitants - if possible Aktivnosti: Putovi za voænju biciklom, jahanje i πetnje, through the assistance model by which the concept mjesta za kupanje, ribolov i piknike, iznajmljivanje will be realised. Ëamaca uz Savu i Unu izmeu • Siska i Jasenovca, kao i The central topic of the entire Posavina/Lonjsko Polje product is the "cultural landscape on the Sava" and • Kostajnice i Jasenovca, should be oriented to the basic requirements of the • uz ribnjake i s obje strane rijeke, s time da se ne tourist market: ugroæava zaπtita prirode i poljoprivreda. • relaxation in nature • change and diversity Druæenja: Organizacija skupnih doæivljaja (zajedniËke • experience and experiences πetnje, doæivljajna gastronomija, ples, seoska slavlja, promatranje æivotinja, sportske natjecateljske igre za While these general recreational motivations and moti- svakoga) vations of relaxation are put into practice, all the elements of the product are focused on the most important Doæivljajni parkovi oko tvrava u Sisku i Zabava: wishes of the target groups from home and abroad. Kostajnici i u njima (viteπke igre, turski logor, narodni ples). Activities Paths and tracks for cycling, riding and walking, places for bathing and swimming, for angling and Suprotni svijet: Odræavanje i daljnji razvoj posavske picnics, boat hire along the Sava and Una between arhitekture, smjeπtaj u obnovljenim drvenim kuÊama, s ambijentom aktivnoga seoskog gospodarstva, pastirstvo, • Sisak and Jasenovac, radni dan sa svinjarima, zaπtita krajolika i strogo • Kostajnica and Jasenovac ograniËenje automobilskoga prometa. • along the fishponds and both sides of the river, with the proviso that nature conservation and agriculture Prijevozna sredstva: konjske koËije, rijeËni brodovi na are not threatened. solarni pogon, od Siska prema Jasenovcu, iznajmljivanje bicikla. Socialising: Organisation of shared experiences (walks with others, experiencing the cooking, dancing, village cel- Noπnje: Noπnje su veoma bitne. Predjeli gdje dio sta- ebrations, animal spotting, sporting competitions for all) novniπtva nosi tradicionalne noπnje (Koruπka, Bavarska, juæni Tirol) ne smatraju se samo izrazito atraktivnima Fun: Experience parks around and in the forts in Sisak nego takva tradicija moæe poveÊati i potraænju. Naime, and Kostajnica (chivalric tournaments, a Turkish camp, takva se podruËja izjednaËavaju s «idiliËnim svijetomﬂ. national dancing).

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Kultura, uËenje: PouËne staze, seoski muzeji, primjena Another world entirely: The care and further develop- starinskih kuÊnih i poljoprivrednih ureaja i alata, ment of Posavina architecture, accommodation in reno- sveËanosti s narodnim noπnjama i narodnom glazbom, vated wooden houses with the setting of an active farm, tradicionalni obrt, utjecaji iz stranih zemalja pasturing, the working day with the swineherds, nature protection and highly limited automobile traffic. Natjecanja: maratoni, natjecanja brdskim biciklima i utrke kanuom po Savi, s obiljeæjima puËke zabave. Means of transportation. Horse carriage, solar-powered river boats from Sisak to Jasenovac, bike hire. Raznolikost: Svako selo treba se usredotoËiti, po uzoru na »igoË s Festivalom roda, na vlastitu temu iz prirode, Costume. Costumes are of great importance. The areas tradicije ili povijesti, tako da nastane cjelokupni proizvod where the population wears the traditional costume sastavljen od razliËitih dijelova koji se svojim znameni- (Carinthia, Bavaria, South Tyrol) are not only considered tostima, slavljima, noπnjama i proizvodima upotpunjuju. exceptionally attractive, but the tradition can actually increase the demand. This kind of area is equated with an 8.2.1 Park prirode Lonjsko polje idyllic world. Park prirode vodit Êe u prvoj fazi razvoja. To ukljuËuje postupak upisivanja parka prirode Lonjsko polje u Culture, learning. Learning trails, village museums, use UNESCO-ov popis svjetske baπtine («World Heritage of old house and agricultural tools and devices, cere- Listﬂ), na Ëemu radi Ministarstvo kulture. Time Êe se monies with national costume and popular national naglasiti znaËenje parka za domaÊe stanovniπtvo i poten- music, traditional artisan crafts, influences from foreign cijalne posjetitelje te poboljπati zaπtitni status faune, countries. flore, kulturnoga krajolika i sela. Osim toga, ta klasi- fikacija znaËi i poËetak meunarodnoga marketinga. Competitions: Marathons, mountain bike competitions and canoe races along the Sava, with all the marks of a Park prirode Êe se razvijati, voditi i plasirati po uzoru na popular festivity. ameriËke nacionalne parkove. To podrazumijeva: • atraktivnu srediπnju zgradu u starim drvenim Diversity. Every village should, taking »igoË as a model, kuÊama, fasten on its own topic from nature, tradition or history, • prijevoz osoba koji nije πtetan za okoliπ, in such a way that there is a whole product coming into • sustav voenja posjetitelja, being composed of various parts that with their features, • pouËne staze i promatraËnice æivotinja, celebrations, costumes and products complement each • inscenacije i izloæbe, other. • voenja i πetnje, • potpunu zabranu lova na ptice. 8.2.1 Lonjsko Polje Nature Park The nature park will be the leading facility in the first Glavne atrakcije: phase of the development. Here we include the process • πume u poplavnim podruËjima, for entering the nature park into the UNESCO World • pastirstvo i Heritage List kept by the Ministry of Culture. This will emphasise the importance of the park for the domestic population as well as for potential visitors, and will improve the conservation status of the flora and fauna, the cultural landscape and the villages. As well as this, such a classification means the beginning of international marketing.

The Nature Park will be developed, managed and mar- keted on the model of the American national parks. This implies:

• an attractive central building in the old wooden houses, • people-transportation that is not environmentally Slika 8.1. U selu »igoË je prvi puta jedna kuÊa pretvorena u damaging, informativni centar parka prirode / In the village of »igoË, for • a system for guiding the visitors around the first time a house was turned the information centre of the • learning trails and animal spotting places Nature Park

54 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

• srednjovjekovne æivotinjske pasmine, • shows and exhibitions • poplavne povrπine, • guided tours and walks • zaπtita od visokih voda, • total ban on hunting or shooting birds. • flora i fauna (bioloπka raznolikost), • seoski æivot. The main attractions are: • the forests in the flood plain 8.2.2 Posavska sela i poplavna podruËja • pasturing and U prvoj fazi trebalo bi zapoËeti s obnavljanjem sela, • the medieval animal breeds ostvarivanjem smjeπtaja i gastronomskom ponudom u • the flood plain area starim drvenim seoskim kuÊama, s ureenjem sustava • protection from high water rezervacije na internetu te promidæbenim i prodajnim • flora and fauna (biological diversity) inicijativama u Zagrebu, meunarodnim odnosima s • village life. javnoπÊu i izravnim marketingom usmjerenim na ciljne skupine, kao i s postavljanjem mreæe biciklistiËkih staza 8.2.2 Posavina villages and the flood plain areas i πetnica od Siska do Jasenovca. In the first phase one should start with the renovation of the villages, the creation of accommodation and the gas- 8.2.3 Kultura i tradicije tronomic product in the old wooden village houses, with OdluËujuÊi Ëimbenik privlaËnosti kulturno je naslijee a system of booking via the Internet, with promotion and posavskih sela, zajedno s krajolikom uz Savu te florom i sales initiatives in Zagreb, international public relations faunom. Oni cjelokupnoj ponudi daju posebnu draæ and direct marketing aimed at target groups, as well as kakve nema u cijeloj Europi, a koja se dinamiziranjem setting up a network of bicycle tracks and paths for kulturnih aspekata moæe i znatno poveÊati. Pod «kultur- walking from Sisak to Jasenovac. omﬂ u ovom se smislu ne podrazumijevaju samo uoËljivi objekti ‡ kuÊe, muzeji ‡ nego i seoski stil i ritam æivota, 8.2.3 Culture and traditions lokalni obrti, tradicionalni obiËaji, plesovi, pjesme, A crucial factor in the attractiveness is the cultural her- slavlja, tipiËni proizvodi, povijest sela, pripovijetke itd., itage of the Posavina villages, together with the land- s korijenima u krajoliku oko Save. ©est smjernica scape along the Sava, with the flora and fauna. They give pokazuje pravac buduÊega turistiËkog iskoriπtavanja: the whole of the product a particular charm, of a kind • oËuvanje, that is without parallel elsewhere in Europe, which can • reaktiviranje, nevertheless be greatly enhanced through the dynamis- • insceniranje, ing of the cultural aspects. By culture in this sense one • daljnji razvoj, does not imply only the visible objects - the houses and •organiziranje, museums - but also the village style and rhythm of life, • πkolovanje. the local crafts, the traditional customs, the dances, songs, celebrations, typical products, the history of the Od velike bi pomoÊi bilo kad bi se postojeÊe drvene kuÊe countryside, the tales and so on which have their roots zaπtitile od raseljavanja, daljnjeg propadanja i ruπenja. U tu in the landscape around the Sava. Six guidelines indicate svrhu Ëini se prijeko potrebnim da se, osim »igoËa i the direction for future tourist use: Krapja, i druga sela stave pod zaπtitu kao spomenici kul- • conservation ture. Samo se tako moæe oËuvati jezgra ponude i sprijeËiti • reactivation gradnja u proizvoljnim stilovima, kao i postavljanje beton- • staging skih elektriËnih stupova, koji su iz neshvatljivih razloga • further development nedavno, uz visoke troπkove, zamijenili stare, drvene. • organisation • training and education. Sve je to povezano sa znatnim materijalnim i ljudskim, planskim i organizacijskim angaæmanom. It will be of enormous help if the existing houses were No turistiËki razvoj cjelokupnog proizvoda moæe biti protected against depopulation, further dilapidation and uspjeπan samo ako se stanovniπtvo Posavine identificira collapse. For this purpose it would seem essential that s ciljevima regionalne strategije i na njima surauje. other villages, as well as »igoË and Krapje be placed Istovremeno je u velikoj mjeri potrebna ciljana suradnja under some protection order. Only in this way can the core izmeu dotiËnih podruËja politike, uprave i gospodar- of the product be preserved and construction in complete- stva. Posavina i u tom pogledu moæe biti pilot-model. ly arbitrary styles be prevented, like putting up concrete Naime, odræanje postojeÊih supstancija nije dovoljno. electricity poles, which, recently, for no good reason and Da bi se potencijal pretvorio u privlaËan doæivljaj, kulisa at very high costs, replaced the old wooden posts.

Bilten parka prirode 55 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina se mora ispuniti æivotom, prekopiranim slikama «svijeta All this is linked with considerable material and human, iz kojega dolazimoﬂ. Ta je tema jedno od pitanja kojima planning and organisational commitment. se Ëovjek zabavlja i koja, napeto inscenirana, moæe potaknuti veliku potraænju. But the tourist development of the whole product can be successful only if the population of Posavina identifies No ovdje se, kao prvo, moraju poznavati ti odrazi with the objectives of the regional strategy and cooper- proπlosti - predaje i tradicija iz svih podruËja æivota. ate on them. At the same time, dedicated collaboration Najbolju bi brigu o prikupljanju i revitalizaciji tih between the relevant areas of policy, government and the regionalnih tradicija, povijesti i pripovijedaka, tipiËnih economy is also necessary. Posavina in this respect too navada, obiËaja i sveËanosti, kao i o organizaciji igara, could turn out to be a pilot. manifestacija i natjecanja, vodile lokalne nevladine udruge (NGO ‡ Non Governmental Organisations). It is not enough, that is, to keep up things as they are. For Takvi se NGO-i tek moraju osnovati. the potential to be able to be transformed into an attractive set of experiences, the backdrop has to be given life, To pretpostavlja da stanovniπtvo bude informirano, with copies of pictures from "the world from which we uvjereno, educirano i ukljuËeno, a i da se mjesne inicija- have come". This topic is one of the questions that peo- tive podupiru organizacijski, financijski i savjetodavno. ple deal with and, staged with drama and tension, can PoËeci takvih razmiπljanja veÊ se mogu naÊi u Parku lead to great demand. But here, first of all, all the reflec- prirode Lonjsko polje, u Sisku i u Muzeju u Kutini. No tions of the past have to be known and identified - the joπ nedostaje potpora za NGO-e i inicijative malog i legends and traditions from all areas of life. srednjeg poduzetniπtva. The best care for the collection and revitalisation of 8.2.4 Ribnjaci these regional traditions, the history and tales, the typical Koncept ribnjaka Crna mlaka je kljuËan. On povezuje manners and customs and celebrations, as well as the ekonomske, turistiËke i ekoloπke aspekte i moæe veÊ zato organisation of games, events and competitions would posluæiti kao uzor drugim ribnjacima. Osim toga, kao certainly come from local NGOs, and yet such NGOs are Ramsarsko podruËje i europski poznato odmoriπte izumi- still to be formed. ranjem ugroæene patke njorke, ribnjak moæe u ciljnoj skupi- ni promatraËa ptica (bird watcher) brzo izgraditi meunar- This assumes that the population is informed, con- odni ugled i tako sudjelovati u turistiËkoj inicijaciji vinced, educated and involved, and that local initiatives Posavine, iako zemljopisno ne pripada srediπnjem podruËju are given organisational, consultative and financial sup- regionalnoga turistiËkog koncepta. No upravo ta udaljenost port. The beginnings of such a way of thinking can daje πansu da se ta dva cilja meusobno turistiËki poveæu. already be found in the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park, in Sisak and in Kutina Museum. But there is still lack of No ribnjak Crna mlaka najprije mora biti ponovno u support for the non-governmental sector and for initia- punom pogonu, πto kod Crne mlake, kao i kod drugih tives by SMEs. ribnjaka, ovisi iskljuËivo o tome hoÊe li Dræavna uprava za vodu sniziti svoja ekonomski neopravdana traæenja. 8.2.4 Fishponds Stvaranje turistiËke mreæe zahtijeva dvije atrakcije, The Crna Mlaka fishpond concept is crucial. It links meusobnu reklamu, zanimljivu prometnu vezu (ceste together economic, tourist and ecological aspects, and kroz lijepe krajolike) i dobro oznaËavanje prema can for t his reason already serve as a model for other njemaËkom modelu tematskih cesta (planinska cesta, fishponds. Apart from that, as a Ramsar area and a romantiËna cesta, aleja itd.). Stvaranje takve mreæe European-known rest area for the ferruginous duck, olakπalo bi ureenje zaπtiÊenoga podruËja duæ Kupe, which is threatened with extinction, the area can quick- predvieno planom prostornog ureenja. ly build an international reputation among one of the target groups, that of birdwatchers, and thus take part in the PrivlaËnost posjeta Posavini smjesta bi podignula mreæa Posavina tourist initiative, though it does not belong putova, mjesta za promatranje ptica i ribolov, prodaja geographically to the central area of the tourist concept. riba i riblji restoran uz dva ribnjaka koja se nalaze u But it is precisely this distance that gives a chance for the blizini parka prirode Lonjsko polje. two aims to be linked in tourism.

8.2.5 Povijest granice i pripovijetke The Crna Mlaka fishpond, however, first of all has to be U Sciographia Cosmica objavljena je 1638. slika grada fully at work, which, in the case of Crna Mlaka, and the Siska praπkog umjetnika Daniela Meissnera. Ona je vrlo other ponds, depends entirely on whether the Water

56 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina zanimljiva jer prikazuje Ëetiri aspekta koji su i danas pot- Administration is going to reduce its economically icajni za turistiËku orijentaciju: entirely unjustified impositions. • Staru tvravu u Ëijoj je blizini 22. lipnja 1593. bila The creation of a tourist network requires two attrac- poraæena turska vojska,. tions, interlinked adverts, interesting transportation links • Bedem oko tvrave koji viπe ne postoji. On bi mogao (roads through attractive landscape) and good signpost- sluæiti kao uzor kako bi se doæivljajno podruËje oko ing, according to the German model of thematic roads tvrave moglo ograditi i zaπtititi od visokog vodostaja. (mountain roads, romantic routes, avenues and so on). • Brod i svjetionik, πto naglaπava znaËaj grada kao The creation of this kind of network would make it easy rijeËne luke na Savi. to arrange a protected region along the Kupa, as provid- • Spajanja Save i Kupe. ed for in the zoning plan.

Prva pitanja koja se u ovom kontekstu postavljaju glase: The value of a visit to Posavina would at once be «©to grad æeli postiÊi i πto mu je za to potrebno?fl increased by a network of roads, places for observing Odgovor je na to pitanje jednostavan: «Gospodarske birds and fishing, fish sales and fish restaurants by the impulse sa πto je moguÊe viπe gostiju, koji Êe potroπiti two fishponds that lie in the vicinity of the Lonjsko Polje πto je moguÊe viπe novca u gradu.fl Na pitanje «kakofl to Nature Park. izvesti teæe je naÊi odgovor. 8.2.5 History of the border and tales ©to je proizvod popularniji, to je veÊi odziv i brojnije su In Sciographia Cosmica, in 1638, a picture of the city of moguÊe ciljne skupine. Prema tomu, znanstveni pristup Sisak by Prague artist Daniel Meissner was published. ne dolazi u obzir. Ponuda umjesto toga mora ispunjavati This is very interesting since it shows four aspects that πiroki spektar æelja s podruËja rekreacije i odmora te are still interesting from the tourist point of view: odgovarati sljedeÊim potrebama: ponuda mora posre- • the old fortress in the vicinity of which the Turkish dovati doæivljaje, znanje i iskustva, zabavljati i pruæati army was defeated on June 22 1593 zadovoljstvo razliËitim starosnim skupinama, s • the ramparts around the fort, no longer in existence; these could serve as a model so that the experience area around the fort could be railed and protected from the high waters, •a ship and lighthouse, underlining the importance of the town as river port on the Sava, • the confluence of the Sava and the Kupa.

The first question that arises in this context runs: What does the town wish to achieve, and what does it need for this? The answer to this question is simple: Economic impetus through as many visitors as possible, visitors who are going to spend as much money as possible in the city. But to the question of how, it is hard to find an answer.

The more popular a product, the greater the response, and the more numerous are the possible target groups. Accordingly, no kind of scholarly approach can be considered. The product, instead of this, has to cater to a wide range of wishes from the area of recreation and relaxation, and respond to the following requirements: the product has to mediate experiences, knowledge and experience, must entertain and provide pleasure to various age groups with various topics, and finally has to encourage people to take an active part.

There are three thematic areas that lend themselves to this kind of staging. They link Sisak up with the Posavina villages and the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park, Slika 8.2. Prikaz bitke kod Siska u sisaËkoj tvravi Stari grad which leads to an escalation of interest in both areas: / Performance of Battle of Sisak in Sisak Fortress

Bilten parka prirode 57 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina razliËitim temama i, konaËno, treba ohrabrivati na • history of the Military Border aktivno sudjelovanje. • life in the Posavina villages Takvoj vrsti inscenacije na raspolaganju stoje tri tem- • the nature of the park and the rivers atike. One povezuju Sisak s posavskim selima i parkom prirode Lonjsko polje, πto dovodi do meusobnoga In conjunction with these topics it is possible to think up poveÊanja privlaËnosti: exciting stories, to simulate, show in media, live through • Povijest Vojne krajine or try them out through acting. Thanks to the backdrop • Æivot u posavskim selima of the fort and the real worlds of river, village, river val- • Priroda parka i rijeka. leys and the landscape of the nature park, these themes can become authentic. A thematic park laid out in this Uz ove se teme mogu izmisliti napete priËe, simulirati, way would be interesting for tourists from other coun- medijski predstaviti, doæivjeti ili iskusiti glumom. tries too. That is, the value of tourist facilities is greatly ZahvaljujuÊi kulisi tvrave i realnih svjetova, rijeka, enhanced by their being staged and linked up with vari- sela, rijeËnih dolina i krajolika parka prirode, te teme ous kinds of experiences. postaju autentiËne. Tako ureen tematski park bio bi zanimljiv i za posjetitelje iz drugih zemalja. Naime, vrijed- The historical topic impinges on not only the neigh- nost turistiËkih objekata znatno bi podiglo njihovo bour peoples, but goes deep into Europe and Asia teatralno insceniranje i povezivanje s doæivljajima. Minor. An objective depiction of the historical circum- stances and experiences, one that stresses linked ele- Povijesna tema ne dotiËe samo sve susjedne narode, veÊ ments but downplays the story of one-sided national seæe duboko u Europu i Malu Aziju. Objektivan prikaz heroism has a chance to be accepted and attractive at a povijesnih Ëinjenica i doæivljaja, koji naglaπava national level. The thematisation of this kind of story povezane elemente i nijeËe jednostrano nacionalno would be a new thing in Europe and, considering the junaπtvo ima πansu da bude prihvaÊen i poæeljan na most recent history of the Balkans, certainly deserves meunarodnoj razini. Tematizacija takve vrste bila bi great attention. novost u Europi i zasluæuje u pogledu najnovije povijesti Balkana veliku pozornost. Kostajnica should certainly be guided by the same con- siderations as Sisak. It is perhaps not located so suitably Kostajnica bi trebala slijediti istu misao vodilju kao i with respect to transportation, but then it does lie on the Sisak. Ona moæda nije smjeπtena tako povoljno glede hundreds of years old border with Bosnia and the one- prometa, ali se zato nalazi na stoljeÊima staroj granici s time Turkish Empire. The orientation of it should follow Bosnom i nekadaπnjim turskim carstvom. Njezina bi ori- three lines of development: jentacija trebala slijediti tri pravca: • a jumping off place for cycle and canoe tours along • Polaziπnu toËku za biciklistiËke i kanu ture duæ Une the Una to the Sava do Save, • the cross-border combination of "two worlds" in a • prekograniËno spajanje «dvaju svjetovaﬂ u jednom single city and gradu i • the staging of the fort and the games connected with it. • insceniranje tvrave i igara vezanih uz nju. Jasenovac, as traffic nexus where the Una flows into the Sava, is another gate to Lonjsko Polje and the villages of Posavina. However, the town itself is inconspicuous and was seriously damaged in the last war. Still, initiatives to back up and bolster the tourist product and to create new jobs are possible: for example, for the renovation of the hotel that was damaged in the war and the bridge to Bosnia.

The memorial centre of the concentration camp is not a tourist attraction in the strict sense of the words. But it does in a symbolic sense present one of the worse sides of European and regional history, as well as the horrors of war and persecution, and thus serves as an object les- Slika 8.3. SisaËka tvrava (Stari Grad) / son about all forms of intolerance. This place should be Sisak Fortress - the Burg a site for enlightenment, which deals objectively with the

58 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Jasenovac kao prometno Ëvoriπte gdje Una utjeËe u Savu past, and with the assistance of cultural programmes and otvara doduπe druga vrata prema Lonjskom polju i memorial days can bring together visitors and help to posavskim selima, no sam grad je neugledan i teπko orientate them towards a more peaceful future. oπteÊen u posljednjem ratu. Ipak su moguÊe inicijative koje bi poduprle turistiËku ponudu i donijele mu radna mjesta i prihode: npr. za obnovu hotela koji je stradao u ratu ili mosta prema Bosni.

Memorijalni centar koncentracijskoga logora nije «tu- ristiËki objektﬂ u smislu atrakcije. No, on simboliËki predstavlja jednu od najgorih strana europske i regionalne povijesti, kao i uæase rata i progona, pa tako sluæi kao opomena protiv svakog oblika netolerancije. To mjesto treba postati mjesto prosvjeÊenja, koje se objek- tivno nosi s proπloπÊu i pomoÊu kulturnih programa te memorijalnih dana okuplja posjetitelje i upuÊuje ih na mirnu buduÊnost. Slika 8.5.: GraniËna rijeka Una / The Una, a border river

Slika 8.4. Opsada Siska 1593. / Siege of Sisak, 1593 Izvor: Samuel Dilbaum, Augsburg, 1603.

Bilten parka prirode 59 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Spomenik koncentracijskog Logora Jasenovac / Monument in the memorial centar on the concentration camp Jasenovac

Logorski vlak / Povjesni brodski mlinovi / Concentration camp train Historical boat meals

Koπenje livade oko spomenika / Promet preko Save sa skelama / Hay on the meadows around monument Traffic across Sava by ferry

60 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

9. Prva faza realizacije 9. The first phase of implementation

TuristiËki se projekt «Posavinaﬂ moæe zbog svoje kom- The Posavina Tourist Project can, because of all its com- pleksnosti ostvariti samo postupno. U prvoj se fazi mora plexity, only be implemented gradually. In the first istovremeno izgraditi πest stupova: phase, six pillars have to be constructed and built up simultaneously:

9.1 UkljuËivanje javnosti 9.1 Involvement of the public Stanovniπtvo Posavine mora se stalno informirati o mjerama implementacije i uvjeravati u izglede koji u The population of Posavina has to be constantly njima leæe. informed about implementation measures and to be con- vinced of the chances that lie within them. Cilj je takvoga javnog rada pridobiti stanovniπtvo za projekt, kao i za njegovo aktivno sudjelovanje u lokalnim The objective of this kind of public relations programme tematskim radnim skupinama, posebno vlastitim inicija- is to win over the population for the project, and to get it tivama za realizaciju. Takvo je sudjelovanje, naime, iz tri to take an active part in the local thematic working aspekta prijeko potrebno: groups, particularly via its own initiatives. This kind of • Projekt treba biti mjesnom stanovniπtvu koristan i participation is essential for three reasons: poboljπati njegovu egzistencijalnu perspektivu. • The project should be useful to the local population Stanovniπtvo se u projektu treba angaæirati s malim i and should improve the outlook for their standard of srednjim poduzeÊima. To zahtijeva zajedniËke i poje- living. The population ought to be involved in the dinaËne inicijative za razvoj turistiËkih proizvoda project with their own SMEs. This requires collec- koji imaju podrπku. tive and individual initiatives for the development of • Pretpostavka uspjeha je u tome da se kulturni i tourist products that have support. prirodni potencijali prepoznaju, a potom ne samo • A premise for success lies in the cultural and natural odræavaju nego i πtite, njeguju i iskoriπtavaju. potentials being identified, and not only kept up, but Stanovniπtvo mora imati razumijevanja i za one also protected, cultivated and used. The population zaπtite potencijala koje Êe ga ograniËavati: oËuvanje has to have some understanding for those forms of starih seoskih kuÊa i toËni propisi gradnje, protection of the potentials that do impinge restric- ograniËavanje automobilskog prometa, zabrana lova tively on their own lives - the preservation of the old itd. Ono se mora identificirati s tim propisima i villages houses, strict building regulations, restric- podræavati ih. tions on car traffic, ban on hunting and so on. The • Sudjelovanje stanovniπtva je potrebno i zbog priku- people have to be able to identify with these regula- pljanja, osvjeæavanja i ponovnog oæivljavanja poma- tions and keep them up. lo izblijedjelog znanja o starim tradicijama, meto- • The involvement of the population is also important dama rada, mjesnoj povijesti i legendama. Taj bi se because of the collection, revivification and revival zadatak vrlo teπko mogao provesti bez regionalnih of the somewhat rusty knowledge about the old tra- nevladinih udruga. ditions, methods of work, local history and legend. This task will be very hard to carry out without the involvement of regional NGOs. 9.2 TuristiËke ponude

Posavina bi se konaËno trebala shvatiti kao regionalan, 9.2 The tourist product cjelokupan proizvod koji nije vezan administrativnim granicama i koji se poput mozaika sastoji od mnogih Posavina should at least be understood as an integrated pojedinaËnih kamenËiÊa. To se moæe podijeliti u Ëetiri regional product that is not linked to administrative bor- kategorije: ders and that consists, like a mosaic, of many little • doæivljajni okvir, stones. This can be divided into four categories: • turistiËka infrastruktura, • the experiential framework • regionalni proizvodi i usluge, • the tourist infrastructure • smjeπtajni kapaciteti. • regional products and services • accommodation. .

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9.2.1 Doæivljajni okvir 9.2.1. The experiential framework Glavnu turistiËku vrijednost odrediπta «Posavinaﬂ Ëini The main tourist value of the destination called Posavina doæivljajni okvir. Ovdje je rijeË o tzv. USP-u (Unique must lie in the experiential framework. This is the USP Selling Proposition), jedinstvenom obiljeæju koje Êe of the area, the unique characteristics that will make Posavinu uËiniti poznatom i poæeljnom za upoznavanje i Posavina familiar and worth knowing, and pick it out izdiÊi je iznad drugih ciljnih podruËja. from other target areas. Taj se doæivljajni okvir u osnovi sastoji od sljedeÊih This experiential framework at base consists of the fol- Ëimbenika: lowing factors: • rijeËnih krajolika, • the river landscapes • prirode ‡ faune i flore, • nature, flora and fauna • sela i seoskih drvenih kuÊa, • villages and village wooden houses • seoskog æivota i ambijenta. • the rural life and setting.

Dok je, zahvaljujuÊi uzornom zbrinjavanju otpada, kra- While thanks to model waste management the landscape jolik uspio ostati saËuvan od divljih odlagaliπta smeÊa i has managed to be spared unregulated dumps, and while dok je flora i fauna, barem u parku prirode Lonjsko the flora and fauna, at least in Lonjsko Polje Nature Park polje, stavljena pod zaπtitu, sela poËinju naglo mijenjati has been placed under protection orders, the villages izgled, i to zbog mnogobrojnih graevina od neoæbukane have suddenly started changing their appearance, as a opeke, propadanja starih drvenih kuÊa, kao i ner- result of the many houses existing made of bare brick azumljivih graevnih mjera koje radikalno naruπavaju without even plaster covering, the decay of the old seoski ambijent (betonski stupovi za elektriËne vodove). wooden houses, and the incomprehensible construction Na javnoj je upravi odgovornost da zaustavi takav undertakings that have had a radical impact on the ambi- razvoj, ublaæi ga ili Ëak ukloni elemente koji snaæno ence (the concrete electricity posts). The public adminis- smetaju, poput betonskih stupova za elektriËne vodove. tration is responsible for halting this kind of develop- Ureivanje okuÊnica i proËelja kuÊa duænost je vlasnika, ment, for palliating it, and for removing elements that kojima Êe porasti ponos kad postanu svjesni vrijednosti are powerful disturbances, like the concrete posts. svoga vlasniπtva. Putting yards and the facades of houses in order is the duty of the owners, who will be increasingly proud the Bilo bi dobro ukljuËiti stanovniπtvo u ciljane seoske ini- more they are conscious of the value of their property. cijative i motivirati ga pomoÊu natjecanja, tematskih dana i poticaja, s ciljem obnove tradicionalnoga karak- It would be a good idea to involve the population in the tera posavskih sela («Naπe selo treba postati ljepπe!ﬂ) dedicated village initiatives and to motivate them with the help of contests, theme days and prizes, with the Lijep je primjer uspjeπnosti takvih inicijativa proglaπenje objective of renewing the traditional character of the malog sela »igoË, s njegovih 120 stanovnika, g. 1994., Posavina villages ("Our village has to become more europskim selom roda. Ovdje se tijekom proteklih godi- beautiful"). na viπe nisu gubile drvene kuÊe niti su poËinjeni graevni grijesi kao u susjednim selima. Osim toga, selo A nice example of the success of this kind of initiative je svake godine krajem mjeseca lipnja, s rastuÊim angaæ- can be seen in the proclamation of the little village of manom i u suradnji s Parkom prirode i gradom Siskom, »igoË European Stork Village in 1994. Here, during the sjediπte Festivala roda. Pored pozornice je postavljen i last few years, there has been no further erosion of the prvi javni WC. wood house stock, nor have there been the construction sins committed in the other villages. Apart from that, the 9.2.2 TuristiËka infrastruktura village has taken part with rising enthusiasm each year, Samo Park prirode radi na stvaranju prvih temelja tur- in association with the Nature Park and the city of Sisak, istiËke infrastrukture. InaËe Posavina nije nigdje ni na in the Stork Festival. The first public toilet was even put koji naËin pripremljena za turizam. up alongside the focal area.

Svega nedostaje: putova za bicikliste i πetaËe, pouËnih 9.2.2. Tourist infrastructure staza i promatraËnica æivotinja, informativnih mjesta, Only the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park is working on the parkiraliπta, gastronomskih objekata, sanitarnih Ëvorova, creation of the foundations for the tourist infrastructure. servisnih mjesta i smjeπtajnih moguÊnosti ‡ kao i ponu- Apart from this, Posavina is nowhere in any way pre- da za aktivnosti i zabavu bilo koje vrste. pared for tourism.

62 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Sukladno tome, u okviru financijskih moguÊnosti treba Everything is missing: walking and biking paths, learn- najprije, u prvoj fazi inicijalne ponude, ostvariti mreæu ing trails and animal spotting places, information points, putova za bicikliste i πetaËe te sustav voenja posjetitelja parking places, restaurants, toilets, service areas and koji Êe od samog poËetka ograniËiti automobilski promet. accommodation - and the provision of any kind of activ- Kasnije treba urediti promatraËnice æivotinja, pouËne ity and entertainment whatsoever. staze i mjesta za piknike sa sanitarnim Ëvorovima. Accordingly, within the framework of the financial U skladu s razvojem potraænje i gospodarskim rastom, capacities, one should at the first phase of the initial trebat Êe postupno proπiriti poËetnu jezgru ponude. product range create a network of paths for cyclists and walkers, and a system for guiding visitors, which will 9.2.3 Usluge i regionalni proizvodi from the very beginnings limit car traffic. Later, it will Kao posljedica rastuÊeg broja posjetitelja, rast Êe i potrebe necessary to set up hides or observation points for ba za uslugama. U tu se svrhu mogu razvijati regionalni observing animals, learning trails, and places for picnics proizvodi i ponuditi na izravnu prodaju u selu ili na together with hygiene facilities. slikovito ureenim seoskim sajmovima. In line with the growth in demand and economic growth, Radna mjesta Êe se najprije otvarati razvojem i odræa- the initial core of the product can be expanded. vanjem turistiËke infrastrukture. Kasnije su moguÊe razliËite usluge, koje se mogu izgraivati postupno i 9.2.3 Services and regional products izvan zanimanja: gastronomija, iznajmljivanje i As a consequence of the increasing number of visitors, the popravak bicikala, voenje i pratnja gostiju, folklorne demand for services will grow too. For this purpose, skupine, voænje Ëamcem i koËijom, jahaËki izleti, ribiËka regional products can be developed and sold at direct ponts natjecanja i - naroËito - privatni smjeπtaj. of sale in the village or in some picturesque village fairs.

Od regionalnih proizvoda na raspolaganju stoji sve ono Jobs will be created first of all via the development and πto poljoprivreda, ribarstvo i vrtovi, kao i umjetniËki maintenance of the infrastructure. Later various services obrti, mogu ponuditi. Neki od tih proizvoda (dæemovi, will be possible, which will be able to be built up grad- med, sir, kobasice, suπene ribe, rakije) mogu se s vre- ually: gastronomy, cycle hire and repair, guiding and menom, uz postojanu kvalitetu i spretan marketing, escorting visitors, folklore groups, boat and coach rides, povezani s imidæom prirode i tradicije Posavine, izgradi- horse-riding excursions, angling competitions and, of ti u proizvode s markom. course, private accommodation.

Prvi poËeci na tom podruËju zapaæaju se kod vina iz Of the regional products available, there is everything Moslavine, podruËja koje se izravno nastavlja na sjever- that agriculture, fishery and horticulture, as well as artis- nu stranu Lonjskoga polja. Danas privatni vinari pune tic crafts, have to offer. Some of these products (jam, kvalitetna vina u boce, reklamiraju svoje stare vrste vina, honey, cheese, sausages, dried fish, grappa) can with grade, zajedno s turistiËkom udrugom Kutine, vinsku time, with maintained quality and an adroit marketing cestu i uljepπavaju degustacije vina mjesnim proizvodi- programme linked with the nature and tradition image of ma i folklorom. Posavina be turned into a brand name.

Ono neπto posebno ne mora proizlaziti iz samoga The beginnings in this area exist in wines from proizvoda, nego i iz naËina njegove prezentacije, npr. Moslavina, which lies immediately on the northern side oæivljavanje tradicionalne naivne umjetnosti oslikavan- of Lonjsko Polje. Today private vintners are bottling jem boca s lokalnom rakijom. quality wines, advertising their old varieties of wine, building a wine road in conjunction with the Kutina 9.2.4 Smjeπtaj tourist office and enhancing wine tasting with local Bez prihvatljivih uvjeta smjeπtaja, ponude ostaju silom products and folklore. prilika ograniËene na dnevni turizam, pa bi Posavina. ako se to ne promijeni, ostala izletiπte, s relativno This something special does not have to come out of the beznaËajnim gospodarskim poticajima. Kako bi se to product itself, necessarily, but also from the way in izbjeglo, treba razvijati smjeπtajne kapacitete koji Êe veÊ which it is presented - for example, the revivification of sami po sebi znaËiti doæivljaj, a u kombinaciji s the traditional naïve art via painted bottles with local rekreativnim aktivnostima pravu atrakciju. grappa.

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Hoteli za turiste na proputovanju iz inozemstva poæeljni su 9.2.4 Accommodation u Sisku, Kutini, Novskoj i Jasenovcu. InaËe, uobiËajenih Without acceptable accommodation, the product will be hotela uopÊe ne bi trebalo biti. Umjesto toga, svi bi limited by necessity to one-day trips, with the conse- smjeπtaji trebali biti ponueni u drvenim seoskim kuÊama, quence that in this case Posavina will remain an excur- koje bi, osim modernih sanitarija, u svemu dosljedno sion site with relatively unimportant economic impulses, preuzele tradicionalni stil i dekorativne elemente. which can be optimised by the development of accommodation capacities, which will of itself represent an Za inicijaciju projekta preporuËuje se, zapravo prijeko experience, and in combination with the recreational potrebna, izradba oglednoga projekta koji bi activities, a real attraction. • tri do pet seoskih kuÊa, sa po Ëetiri dvokrevetne gostinjske sobe, obuhvatio u gospodarski kompleks Hotels for tourists passing through from abroad are (ukupnoga kapaciteta od 24 do 40 kreveta) i desirable in Sisak, Kutina, Novska and Jasenovac. Apart • predvidio joπ jednu seosku kuÊu kao zajedniËki from this, there need be no standard hotels at all. In spite viπenamjenski prostor (restoran, priredbe, edukacija), of that, accommodation should be provided in the wood- • koja bi bila uzorno obnovljena, dekorirana i odgo- en village houses, which, apart from modern hygiene, varala kategoriji sa tri zvjezdice, should in all features take over the traditional style and • koja bi se promovirala i vodila kao malo poduzeÊe, decorative elements. •a ujedno bi postala i centar za izobrazbu i daljnju For the initiation of the project, it is recommended, or edukaciju te rather it is essential, to work out a pilot project that • sluæila kao srediπte za daljnji razvoj cjelokupnog would proizvoda. • unite 3 to 5 village houses with 4 double guest rooms in an economic complex (with a total capacity of 24- 40 beds), and 9.3 Promidæba i plasman • envisage one more village house as a common mul- tifunctional space (restaurant, events, education), Na poËetku mali projekt Posavina ne moæe si iz gospo- • be exemplarily renovated and decorated and be darstvenih razloga dopustiti ni uobiËajenu reklamu niti equivalent to 3 star category moæe raËunati s distribucijskom potporom globalnih tur- • be promoted and run as a small firm operatera, nego si mora sam utrti put. U tome moæe • and also be a centre for training and further education pomoÊi: and • Kooperacija s meunarodnim ponuaËima na • serve as a centre for the further development of the podruËju træiπnih niπa (prirodni i ekoturizam, bicik- whole product. listiËke udruge, promatraËi ptica /bird watcheri itd.) • Intenzivni meunarodni odnosi s javnoπÊu preko razliËitih medija, s ciljem stvaranja imidæa. Taj je rad 9.3 Promotion and sales veÊ zapoËeo s dobrim odjekom16. • Prodajno orijentirani nastup na internetu, koji u At the beginning for economic reasons the little Posavina posljednje vrijeme ima sve viπe pobornika. project cannot permit itself the usual kind of adverts and • Ciljano obraÊanje svim meunarodnim zastupniπtvi- cannot count on the distributional assistance of the glob- ma i podruænicama u Zagrebu, vezano uz izravnu al tour operators, but has to make its own path: • cooperation with international providers in the area of market niches (nature and eco tourism, cycle asso- ciations, birdwatcher forums and so on), • intensive international public relations via various media, with the objective of creating an image . This work has already started with good results.16 • oriented sales-wise to the Internet, which in recent times has found increasing numbers of champions • targeted approaches to international agencies and offices in Zagreb, with direct advertising in Zagreb hotels, in petrol stations, at the airports and the stations, • the enthusiasm of the first visitors, reports by whom Slika 9.1.: Primjeri lijepih proizvoda is Posavine / will be the most important marketing instrument. Examples of nice products form Posavina

64 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

prodajnu reklamu u zagrebaËkim hotelima, na ben- 9.4 Education zinskim crpkama, u zraËnoj luci i na kolodvoru. • Oduπevljenje prvih gostiju, Ëiji su izvjeπtaji naj- Since we are dealing here with a destination without any vaæniji marketinπki instrument. kind of experience in tourism, it is not only the product that has to be built from the ground up, but education of the local population is equally important. Practical assis- 9.4 Edukacija tance is essential in the area of planning, financing, renovating and decorating the village houses, everyday BuduÊi da je rijeË o odrediπtu bez ikakva iskustva u tur- treatment of foreign visitors, keeping books and know- izmu, ne mora se samo proizvod izgraivati od samog ing the most important laws that SMEs in Croatia have poËetka, nego je jednako vaæna i edukacija seoskoga to adhere to. Also necessary is ongoing advice and assis- stanovniπtva. Nuæna je praktiËna pomoÊ u podruËjima tance, as well as the coordination of joint initiatives: the planiranja, financiranja, obnavljanja, ureivanja i deko- organisation of village celebrations and contests, the racije seoskih kuÊa, do svakodnevnog ophoenja s construction of a range of products, the maintenance and inozemnim gostima te u voenju knjigovodstva i pozna- expansion of the tourist infrastructure, the maintenance vanju najvaænijih zakona kojih se malo i srednje of the home-page on the Internet, the elaboration of indi- poduzetniπtvo u Hrvatskoj mora pridræavati. Jednako je vidual plans for banks and so on. These tasks can best potrebno i stalno savjetovanje i pruæanje pomoÊi, kao i perhaps be mastered by a firm at work, because it koordinacija zajedniËkih inicijativa: organizacija seoskih encounters the same problems every day. Here it is nec- proslava i natjecanja, izgradnja palete ponude, odræavan- essary to have qualifications and numbers of employees je i proπirivanje turistiËke infrastrukture, njegovanje that exceed the pure needs of operations. home-page na internetu, izradba individualnih planova za banke itd. Takve zadatke moæe najbolje savladati poduzeÊe koje radi jer se svakodnevno susreÊe s istim 9.5 Financing problemima. Ovdje je svakako potrebna kvalifikacija i broj zaposlenih koji nadilazi potrebe poslovanja. Although the renovation of the wooden village houses and their adjustment are relatively financially reasonable and require small inputs for SMEs, still, the elaboration 9.5 Financiranje of a business plan is necessary, which private initiative can make use of. The population of Posavina, that is, is Iako je obnavljanje drvenih seoskih kuÊa i njihova pri- rather impoverished. The construction of business plans, lagodba relativno jeftina, iako su i inaËe potrebna skrom- the simple and effective use of them for the benefit of na financijska sredstva za male i srednje velike poslovne such people, who have no experience with such things, inicijative, ipak treba izraditi financijsku konstrukciju za is one of the most important prerequisites for success. As kojom mogu posegnuti privatne inicijative. Naime, well as this, the financing of the public tourist infra- stanovniπtvo Posavine je vrlo siromaπno. Izradba finan- structure is necessary. cijske konstrukcije, njezina jednostavna i uspjeπna primjena u korist ljudi bez iskustva s takvim stvarima, jedna je od najvaænijih pretpostavka uspjeha. Osim toga, 9.6 Coordination nuæno je financiranje javne turistiËke infrastrukture. Coordination at the level of the county is necessary because of the complex questions that the building up of 9.6 Koordinacija a tourist project of this sort entails, with respect to all areas of economic, ecological, cultural and social life, Koordinacija na razini æupanije potrebna je s obzirom na and because of the considerable potential for conflict kompleksnost pitanja koja izgradnja turistiËkoga projekta that it contains, with the purpose of the interlinkage of te vrste sa sobom nosi, glede svih podruËja gospo- these aspects and the search for solutions. A coordina- darstvenog, ekoloπkog, kulturnog i socijalnog æivota te tor should be backed up by a small working group in znatnog konfliktnog potencijala koje ona sadræe, sa which the most important groups of the society are svrhom meusobnoga povezivanja aspekata i pronalaæen- appropriately represented: administration, nature conser- ja rjeπenja. Koordinatora treba podupirati mala radna vation, agriculture, water management, tourist market- skupina u kojoj su mjerodavno zastupljene najvaænije ing, culture, protection of monuments of culture and, skupine druπtva: uprava, zaπtita prirode, poljoprivreda, above all, the municipalities of Posavina. vodoprivreda, turistiËki marketing, kultura, zaπtita spomenika kulture i, ponajprije, opÊine Posavine.

Bilten parka prirode 65 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

10 Ogledni projekti 10 Model projects

10.1 SISAK 10.1 SISAK

10.1.1 Ciljevi 10.1.1 Objectives SisaËka Êe se tvrava postupno izgraivati u glavnu tur- Sisak Fort will gradually be developed into a central istiËku atrakciju, a ovisno o potraænji i iskoriπtenosti tourist attraction, depending on demand and use will imat Êe tri funkcije: have three functions: • ulazna vrata u Lonjsko polje i posavska sela, s • Entry door into Lonjsko Polje and the Posavina vil- neposrednom prometnom povezanoπÊu (pristaniπte lages with direct transportation links (mooring for za brodove, staze za bicikle i hodanje), boats, bike tracks and walking trails) • na doæivljaje usmjeren muzej povijesti grada i • Museum of the history of the city aimed at experi- zavrπna toËka povijesne staze kroz Sisak. Povijesna ence/adventure, and the final point of the history trail staza u obliku privlaËne πetnice treba potaknuti pos- through Sisak. The history trail, in the form of an jetitelje tvrave na πetnju do restorana i trgovina u attractive walk for visitors should encourage visitors srediπtu grada. to the fort to walk to restaurants and shops in the cen- •Tematski park: u didaktiËki inovativnim inscenacija- tre of the city. ma posjetitelji trebaju doæivjeti, iskusiti povijest • Theme park: via didactically innovative stage setting grada i uæivati u njoj kao i u povijesti Vojne krajine, the visitors should experience and revel in the histo- a æeli ih se pribliæiti odabranim temama iz Posavine ry of the city and the military border, as well as wish (æivot seljaka koji su trebali braniti grad, povijest to approach them via selected Posavina topics (life of rijeËne plovidbe po Savi). the villagers who were supposed to defend the burg, the history of river navigation along the Sava). 10.1.2 Obrazloæenje Sisak je veÊ i u starom vijeku bio prometno i trgovaËko 10.1.2 Explanation srediπte, a zbog svoga poloæaja do danas nije izgubio na Even in ancient days Sisak was a transport and trade cen- znaËenju kao bitno Ëvoriπte. VeÊ je zato Sisak idealan tre and has still not lost its importance as a crucial node kao ulaz u park prirode Lonjsko polje i srednji dio to this day because of its position. And for this reason, Posavine. Odavde se Ëitava Posavina moæe istraæivati i Sisak is an excellent point of entry into the Lonjsko Polje upoznati brodom, stazom za bicikle i za hodanje ili auto- Nature Park and the central area of Posavina. From here busnom linijom do Jasenovca. No, sama funkcija ulaza the whole of Posavina can be explored and known via Sisku Êe donijeti neznatne gospodarske pogodnosti. boat or ship, bike and walking routes, and with the help Kako bi od turizma imao viπe koristi, sam Sisak mora of bus lines to Jasenovac. postati odrediπte gostiju. Zasad grad ne nudi dovoljno da But Sisak taking on the function of entrance or gateway bi se posjet isplatio. Unutraπnjost tvrave je u oËajnom will of itself bring few economic benefits. In order to stanju. Samo se vanjski dio isplati vidjeti. Sam grad bio benefit more markedly from tourism Sisak itself will je usmjeren na industriju, pa ne posjeduje ni povijesnu have to become a destination for travellers. So far the draæ niti kulturno vrijedne objekte. PrivlaËni su samo city has not offered enough to make this pay. The inte- • poloæaj na rijekama Savi, Kupi i Odri rior of the fort is in disgraceful condition. Only the inte- • te “staza kroz povijest”, s kojom je grad poËeo sam rior is worth seeing. The city has been concentrated on sebe inscenirati. S tim insceniranjem Sisak je krenuo industry, and so has no historical charm or culturally putem koji svoju kulminaciju moæe imati u tvravi. valuable buildings or complexes. Only the following are attractive: 10.1.3 Koncept / mjere • the position on the Sava, Kupa and Odra rivers Primjer „Sealife-parkova“ diljem Europe demonstrira • the history trail, through which the city has started to kako æivot u rijeci moæe postati turistiËki magnet koji dramatize itself. jamËi dobru zabavu i istovremeno stvara senzibilitet za ugroæene ekoloπke sustave. Podvodni se svijet vjerno With this stage-setting, Sisak has set out on a journey kopira, a djelatnici parka se obraÊaju posjetiteljima i that might culminate in the fort. objaπnjavaju im sve u osobnim razgovorima. Za uËenike postoje tzv. razredi, kako bi taj doæivljaj mogli produbiti 10.1.3 Concept/measures igrom. PomoÊu didaktiËki inovativnih inscenacija sva se The example of Sealife Parks throughout Europe has tri tematska podruËja mogu izgraditi na sliËan naËin; shown that life in the river can become a tourist magnet takav tematski park koji je duboko ukorijenjen u svojoj that guarantees a good time and at the same time creates

66 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina regionalnoj prirodi, kulturi i povijesti bio bi unikat u a sensitivity for endangered ecological systems. The Europi. world underwater is faithfully reproduced, and park Tematski park ima nekoliko ciljeva: workers address the visitors, explain them everything in • PomoÊu usmjerenosti na zabavu i doæivljaje, u uskoj personal conversations. For schoolchildren there are povezanosti s narodom, on treba privuÊi πto veÊi broj classes as they are called so that these experiences can be posjetitelja kako bi uniπtenom gospodarstvu grada deepened through play. With the help of didactically dao nove poticaje. OdluËujuÊa dakle nije znanstvena innovative dramatisations all three of the thematic areas can be built up in a similar way; such a theme park, which is deeply rooted in its regional nature, culture and history would be one of a kind in Europe.

A theme park has a number of aims: • Through its orientation to entertainment and experience, in closer connection with the people, it should attract as great a number of visitors as possible so as to give new life to the devastated economy of the town. What is crucial is not the scholarly quality of the presentation, but whether it is shown in an interesting way. Speaking in favour of this kind of orientation, which is based on the experience of similar Slika 10.1. Srediπnji trg u Sisku / Central square, Sisak parks all over the world, is the propinquity of the major market of Zagreb and some important routes.

Slika 10.2. Sisak - Stari Grad / Sisak - the Burg

Bilten parka prirode 67 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

kakvoÊa prezentacije, nego je li zanimljiva. U korist • The theme park should complement and expand the takve orijentacije, koja se temelji na iskustvima sa attractiveness of Lonjsko Polje and the Posavina vil- sliËnim parkovima diljem svijeta, govori i blizina lages. Diverse experiential alternatives, which are glavnoga træiπta, Zagreba, i vaænih prometnica. thematically connected will be handled from the •Tematski park treba upotpuniti i proπiriti privlaËnost tourist point of view in such a way as to be sold as a Lonjskog polja i posavskih sela. RazliËite doæivljajne single destination. In this manner the guest who has alternative koje su tematski povezane turistiËki Êe se travelled a long way or whose journey has been obraditi tako da se mogu plasirati kao jedno odrediπte. expensive will be able to spend several days here. As Na taj se naËin æeli postiÊi da gosti koji su duæe puto- against the many artificial theme parks all round the vali ili im je putovanje bilo skuplje tu provedu viπe world, Sisak and Posavina offer the advantage of a dana. U odnosu na druge umjetne tematske parkove historically authentic backdrop and the setting of diljem svijeta, Sisak i Posavina nude prednosti povi- almost untouched nature. jesno autentiËne kulise i inscenacije u gotovo nedir- nutoj prirodi. Takav pothvat ograniËavaju samo dva Such a venture will be limited by two factors: the imag- Ëimbenika: maπta i ekonomiËnost. EkonomiËnost ination, and economic factors. Whether a theme park is tematskih parkova ravna se prema troπkovima, ost- economic is determined according to costs, revenue and varenom prihodu i frekventnosti korisnika. BuduÊi da frequency of use. Since at the beginning it is impossible se na poËetku ne mogu oËekivati veliki dnevni priho- to expect large daily takings, the only realistic thing is di, realna je samo postupna izgradnja koja bi zapoËela gradual development, starting off with the fortress and s tvravom i viteπkim igrama. the chivalric games.

10.2 Usmjeravanje posjetitelja u parku 10.2 Directing visitors in the Lonjsko Polje prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park

10.2.1 Ciljevi 10.2.1 Objectives Guests are desirable and welcome in the nature park, and U parku prirode gosti su poæeljni i turistiËki koncept pred- the tourist concept provides for international promotion via meunarodnu promidæbu za Posavinu. Usmjeravanje for Posavina. The orientation of visitors within the frame- posjetitelja u okviru tih mjera ima sljedeÊe ciljeve: work of these measures has the following objectives: • Posjetitelji parka moraju dobiti bogatu ponudu zan- • Visitors to the park must have a rich choice of inter- imljivih aktivnosti i uvida u kulturni i popularni kra- esting activities and some insights into the cultural jobraz. and popular landscape. • Zbog ponude i prateÊih zaπtitnih mjera, utjecaji na • Following on from the supply of the product and from æivotinjski i biljni svijet moraju se svesti na najman- the accompanying protective measures, impacts on the ju mjeru, pa se zaπtita mora poboljπati ako je to animal and plant life must be kept to the minimum, moguÊe. and conservation has to be stepped up, if possible. • Stanovnici parka trebaju imati udjela u prihodima od • The inhabitants of the park must have a share in the turizma. revenue from tourism. •U πto veÊoj mjeri treba izbjeÊi optereÊenje sela, nji- • To as great an extent as possible, any overburdening hovih stanovnika i gostiju - u buduÊnosti æelimo of villages, their inhabitants and guests should be upravo tamo stvoriti vrlo zanimljivu ponudu glede avoided - for it is here that we wish in the future to noÊenja i odmora. create a very attractive product with respect to accommodation and relaxation. 10.2.2 Obrazloæenje Ciljevi se mogu potkrijepiti razliËitim obrazloæenjima: 10.2.2 Explanation • Bez raznolike ponude i zanimljivih moguÊnosti za These objectives can be supported by various explana- provoenje slobodnog vremena park je zanimljiv tions. samo vrlo malom træiπnom dijelu gostiju, s tim da ga • Without a diverse product and interesting opportuni- Ëak ni oni ne mogu potpuno iskoristiti. ties for spending leisure time, the park is interesting • Istovremeno, mora se omoguÊiti promatranje i only for a very small market section of guests, with doæivljaj æivotinja i biljaka. Stoga treba πtititi njiho- the proviso that not even they are going to be able to va staniπta, a divlje se æivotinje ne smiju bojati ljudi. make use of it to the full. To se mora zajamËiti potanko razraenim konceptom • At the same time, the animals and plant life have to za usmjeravanje posjetitelja i utvrivanje zona. be able to be experienced and observed. For this

68 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

• Mir i seoski æivot su glavna atrakcija parka prirode, reason their habitats have to be protected, and yet the a veÊi bi promet taj dojam umnogome pokvario. wild animals should not have to be afraid of people. This must be guaranteed by a concept worked out in 10.2.3 Koncept / mjere detail for handling visitors and for the determination Kako bi se ostvarili ti ciljevi, u okviru DEG-ova projek- of zones. ta izraen je opseæan koncept za usmjeravanje gostiju. • Peace and country life at the main attractions of the nature park, and any extensive traffic would spoil Promet this mood to a great extent. Prometnice u parku prirode podijelit Êe se na prolazne ceste i ceste koje vode kroz park. Dok prolazne ceste iz 10.2.3 Concept / measures PopovaËe prema Sisku i iz Novske prema Jasenovcu For the handling of these guests, in order to achieve moraju biti otvorene za normalan promet, na cestama these aims, an extensive concept for guest handling has kroz park Êe se u buduÊnosti naplaÊivati ulaznice. Na been drawn up in the DEG project. svim drugim πumskim i poljskim putovima posjetitelji se ne smiju voziti svojim osobnim vozilima. Traffic, transport Roads in the nature park will be divided into transit Promet u parku i do parka Êe se u buduÊnosti uglavnom roads and roads that lead through the park. While tran- rjeπavati javnim prometnim sredstvima. S tim da je tu naj- sit roads from Popovac to Sisak and Novska to vaænija mjera autobus koji Êe u redovitim razmacima voz- Jasenovac must be open to normal traffic, entrance tick- iti na relaciji Sisak - Lonja - Jasenovac - Novska kroz ets will in the future be sold for the roads through the park, a polazna Êe postaja biti glavni kolodvor. On Êe park. In all the other forest and field routes, visitors will ujedno poboljπati dostupnost srediπta stanovnicima parka. not be allowed to drive in their cars.

Daljnja prometna sredstva su Ëamci na Savi koji plove Traffic to and in the park will in future be mainly settled od Siska i Jasenovca. Uz to se moraju stvoriti daljnje with public means of transport. The most important ponude, kao πto je npr. iznajmljivanje bicikla u measure will be the bus that will run at regular intervals Jasenovcu ili na drugim kolodvorima. between Sisak, Lonja and Jasenovac and Novska, through the park, the starting point being the main rail- Aktivnosti i doæivljaj way station. It will at the same time improve the avail- Park Êe dobiti rasprostranjenu mreæu biciklistiËkih staza ability of means of transportation for the population of i staza za hodanje koja Êe koristiti postojeÊe strukture, the park. kao πto su nasipi i πumski putovi. Te Êe se staze orga- nizirati oko naselja kao kruæni putovi. Na sjeciπtima s Further means of transportation are the boats on the Sava cestom koja vodi kroz park uredit Êe se parkiraliπta. that sail from Sisak and Jasenovac. Further choices can Informativne ploËe i vodiËi kroz prirodu olakπat Êe razu- be created such as the rental of cycles in Jasenovac or at mijevanje te Êe goste i domaÊe uvoditi u krajobraz. other stations.

Tome treba prikljuËiti pouËne i druge obiljeæene staze - i Activities and experiences s Ëamcem u srcu Mokrog polja i Lonjskog polja koje uz The park will obtain a widely distributed network of vodstvo Parka prirode daju dobar uvid u ovaj poseban cycle tracks and walking paths that will make use of the krajobraz. Skroviπta za promatranje, npr. veÊ kod koloni- existing structures like the embankments and the forest je æliËarka, i kule, koje bi se izgradile u stilu straæarskih paths. These paths will be organised around the settle- kula Vojne krajine, nude vrlo atraktivne moguÊnosti pro- ments like circular routes. At intersections with the main matranja za individualne posjetitelje i skupine. road that goes through the park, parking places will be made. Notice boards and guides through nature will Doæivljajna podruËja pozivaju na izravan dodir s make it easier to understand and will lead both guests prirodom. Ovdje ne samo da se smije riboloviti, veÊ Êe and local people into the landscape. djeca u vodi moÊi odreivati æivotinje i biljke. I kupanje je jedna od aktivnosti za slobodno vrijeme koje su In addition there are learning and other marked trails - by poæeljne u parku prirode. boat, too, in the heart of Mokro Polje and Lonjsko Polje, which, with guides from the nature park, give a good Zaπtita prirode i voenja insight into this special landscape. Hides for observa- Osim voenja prometa i posjetitelja, zoniranje parka tion, such as, for example, there already is with the prirode je najvaæniji temelj za suæivot ljudi i prirode. Na spoonbill colony, as well as towers that could be built in

Bilten parka prirode 69 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina poplavnom podruËju gosti bez voenja smiju se kretati the style of the historical watchtowers of the Military samo obiljeæenim stazama. Æivotinje se mogu naviknuti Border provide very attractive observation opportunities na te ograniËene i nadzirane smetnje, a gost ima prednost for groups or individual visitors. da moæe viπe vidjeti. Za to postoji niz dobrih primjera u Experience areas call for direct contact with nature. Here Europi. Uz voenje - pjeπice ili na konju - mogu se it will not only be permissible to fish, but children will doæivjeti i paπnjaci ili πuma uz vodu. Posebne ponude be able to name the animals and creatures in the water. daju uvid u æivot pastira koji Ëuvaju svinje ili u stare Swimming too is one of the spare time activities that are tehnike ribolova. Na tim doæivljajnim turama gosti prate necessary and desirable in the nature park. domaÊe stanovniπtvo, tako da nisu dodatna smetnja. A i jahanje po paπnjacima moguÊe je samo uz voenje kroz Nature conservation and guiding park prirode. As well as managing traffic and visitors, zoning the nature park is the most important basis for the coexis- Male kljuËne zone πtite vrlo ugroæene biljne i æivotinjske tence between people and nature. In the flood plain area, vrste od smetnja (legla, nasadi, mjesta za odmor, guests not guided may use only the marked paths. The osjetljivi ekosustavi). A istovremeno se na taj naËin animals can get used to these limited and controlled dis- poveÊava moguÊnost da se zanimljive æivotinjske vrste turbances, and the guest has the advantage that he or she promatraju iz blizine. PostojeÊi primjer za to je kolonija can seem more. There are numbers of good examples of æliËarka u Krapjem –olu. this in Europe. With guided tours,, on foot or on horseback, the pastureland and the forest by the water can also Kako bi se smanjila udaljenost bijega divljih æivotinja od be experienced. Particular options allow for an insight ljudi te kako bi se poboljπale moguÊnosti za promatran- into the life of the swineherd looking after the pigs, or je, u Ëitavom se parku prirode obustavlja lov na ptice. Na into the old techniques of fishing. In these experience taj se naËin uspostavlja ravnoteæa, naruπena posjetom tours, the guests accompany local people, and so they do nekoliko tisuÊa gostiju. U buduÊnosti Êe se Ëaplje, patke not represent any additional upset. Riding along the pas- i orlovi moÊi promatrati iz udaljenosti manje od stotinu tures on horseback is possible only with guided tours metara. Ta mjera odgovara mjerama koje su poduzete i u through the nature park. drugim sliËnim parkovima prirode i nacionalnim parkovima te Ramsarskim podruËjima u Europi. Small key zones will protect highly endangered plants and animal species from disturbance (their litters, nurseries, resting places, sensitive eco-systems). At the same time, this manner will increase the possibility that interesting animal species can be seen from close up. The existing example for this is the colony of spoonbills at Krapje –ol.

Tablica 10.1. Odnos prema okoliπu i prirodnim resursima stanovniπtva Lonjskog polja. Koje aktivnosti ugroæavaju biljni i æivotinjski svijet Lonjskog Polja? (u %). Relation of the inhabitans of the Lonjsko Polje towards the Slika 10.3. »ardak uobiËajen u vojnoj krajini / environment and natural resources. Which activities are treath Chardak, common in the militaryborder for the plant and animals of Lonjsko Polje? (%) Izvor: Toifl & Leitgeb 1991. Izvor: Institut Ivo Pilar (2001): BuduÊnost na rubu moËvare, S. 269

70 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Voænja Ëamcem na Neretvi / Voenje u Lonjskom polju / Boating on the Neretva Guided tour in Lonjsko Polje

“Park and Bike”, Reichenau (D) / Posavske konjske koËije »igoË / Park and Bike, Reichenau Posavina horse coach, »igoË

Informacijska tabla na rijeci Morava (A) / BiciklistiËka staza, Langeoog (D) / Information board on Morava River (A) Bike trail, Langeoog (D)

Oznaka biciklistiËkih staza, Podravina (HR) / Koncept parkiraliπnog prostora na Bodenskom jezeru (D) / Bike path sign, Podravina (HR) Parking place concept at the Bodensee (D)

Bilten parka prirode 71 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

U dogovoru s Parkom, velika divljaË moæe se i dalje In order to reduce the distance to which the wild animals loviti, no i ovdje bi trebalo uspostaviti zaπtitne zone, will run from people and to improve the possibility for posebice na paπnjacima. Gostima treba omoguÊiti da observation, in the whole of the nature park, hunting for divljaË mogu promatrati na pojedinim proplancima na birds is stopped. In this manner an equilibrium will be kojim se moæe posebno dobro vidjeti i promatrati. U created to do with the visits of several thousand people. kasno ljeto i na jesen, parenje i zov jelena, na primjer, In future, the herons, ducks and eagles will be able to vaæna su atrakcija za posjetitelje parka prirode. Ukratko observed at a distance of less than a hundred metres. se moæe reÊi da Êe se usmjeravanjem i voenjem pos- This measure corresponds to measures taken in other, jetitelja poveÊavati doæivljajna vrijednost parka prirode, similar parks and in national parks, as well as Ramsar a istovremeno Êe se bolje πtititi priroda. A voenjem, areas in Europe. iznajmljivanjem konja, voænjom koËijama i prehranom gostiju stanovnici Êe sudjelovati u turizmu. In agreement with the park, large game will still be able to be hunted, but here too it should be able to create conservation zones, particularly on the pastures. Guests 10.3 Posavska sela - svako selo unikat should be enabled to observe this game in certain clear- ings where there are particularly good opportunities for 10.3.1 Ciljevi observation. In late summer and autumn there is the Posebna draæ srednjega dijela Posavine leæi u jedinstvu mating and calling of the deer, an important attraction krajobraza i seoskog æivota. Cilj je: for visitors to the nature park. In short, it can be said that • aktivirati seoski æivot, a posebice mladim obiteljima handling and managing visitors will increase and ponovno osigurati zanimljiva radna mjesta s per- enhance the experience value of the park and will at the spektivom i, same time protect the nature better. And through guided •u okviru turistiËkog otvaranja, stvoriti mnoπtvo tours, coach riding, and the provision of food for the malih, zanimljivih ponuda koje Êe pozivati na odmor guests, the local people will also take part in the tourism. i posjet selima.

10.3.2 Obrazloæenje 10.3 Posavina villages - every village is a Za sela uz Savu, Kupu, Odru i Sunju, ali i u njihovim one-off poplavnim podruËjima iz sljedeÊih su razloga potrebni posebni programi: 10.3.1 Objectives • Bijeg sa sela i starost stanovniπtva ugroæavaju danas The particular charm of the central part of Posavina lies viπe nego ikada najljepπa i najudaljenija posavska sela. in the unity of landscape and village life. The objective To podruËje pripada, isto kao i krπko podruËje i otoci, is: meu najrjee naseljena podruËja u Hrvatskoj, s tim da • to activate village life, and particularly to provide se ne potiËe na prikladan naËin. young families interesting jobs with a future and • OËuvanje prirodne i kulturne baπtine u ovoj regiji • within the framework of the opening up to tourism to moæe se postiÊi samo uz pomoÊ stanovniπtva, stoga create a lot of small and interesting products that will se ono mora snaæno ukljuËiti u programe razvoja. invite people to relax and to visit the countryside. • Odlikovanje sela Krapje i »igoË pokazalo je da se mogu dati novi impulsi i da stanovniπtvo te impulse 10.3.2 Explanation rado prihvaÊa. Special programmes are necessary for the villages along the Sava, Kupa, Odra and Sunja for the following reasons: 10.3.3 Koncept / mjere TuristiËki koncept za sela mora biti mnogostran i djelo- • The flight from the countryside and the age of the vati u viπe smjerova. Osim promidæbe za tu regiju, sela population are threatening the most distant and most moraju ponovno dobiti nove impulse za gospodarski beautiful Posavina villages more than ever before. razvoj. Stoga u parku prirode, ali i u regiji treba poduzeti This area, together with the karstic area and the razliËite mjere. islands, are among the most sparsely populated areas of Croatia, while they are not encouraged and stimu- Identitet i program lated in an appropriate manner. Za park prirode, odnosno regiju, izradit Êe se godiπnji • Preservation of the natural and cultural heritage in program u kojem Êe svako selo dobiti svoj identitet i this region can be achieved only with the help of the svoje mjesto. Slavlja i manifestacije Êe u sela ponovno population, and so it has to be vigorously included dovesti æivot i goste. Stanovnici Êe sa svojim noπnjama within the development programme.

72 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina pridonijeti uspjehu manifestacija. Osebujnosti Êe se • The distinction of the villages of Krapje and »igoË izloæiti i omoguÊit Êe se gostima da ih doæive. Stari mlin has shown that new impulses can be given, and that Êe postati muzej ili Êe se tradicionalni obrti pretvoriti u the population will readily accept these impulses. izloæbu. Na sljedeÊoj stranici donosimo prvi pregled moguÊnosti koje postoje za razvitak posavskih sela. 10.3.3 Concept / measures The tourist concept for the villages has to be multifac- Ponuda za goste eted and to work in several directions at once. As well as Oko svakog sela izgrauje se ponuda za biciklistiËke promotion for the region, the villages have to get new staze i staze za hodanje koje se oznaËuju. Sela uz Savu impulses for economic development. For this in the dobit Êe pristaniπte za velike i male brodove. Na taj naËin nature park and in the region as a whole, various meas- sela postaju polaziπta za posjet ovom krajobrazu. ures need taking. Stvorit Êe se posebna ponuda za goste u kojoj Êe jahanje, tradicionalno ribarenje i Ëuvanje æivotinja na velikim Identity and programme paπnjacima imati poseban poloæaj. Pri tome Êe stanovni- For the nature park and for the region, an annual pro- ci gostima pokazati kako su ljudi stoljeÊima æivjeli s gramme will be worked out in which each village will prirodom i od nje. have a place and an identity of its own. Celebrations and events will bring life and visitors back. The inhabitants, JaËanje lokalnog gospodarstva with their costumes, will contribute to the success of the Manja lokalna poduzeÊa Ëine glavni stup gospodarskog events. Particularly characteristic things will be dis- razvoja regije. Za stanovniπtvo iz toga proizlaze mno- played and guests will be enabled to experience them. gostruke moguÊnosti za nove djelatnosti: The old mill will become a museum, a traditional artisan • iznajmljivanje bicikla i Ëamaca craft will be turned into an exhibition. On the following • konjuπnice i moguÊnosti za jahanje i voænje koËijama page is a review of all the possibilities that exist for the • konaËiπta i ugostiteljski objekti development of Posavina villages. • proizvodnja mesa, sira On offer for guests Taj zapoËeti gospodarski razvoj treba poticati pomoÊu Around each village will be cycle and walking paths that kreditnih programa i savjetovanja. are marked. Villages on the Sava will get landings for large and small boats. In this way each village will Proizvodnja i plasman become a starting place for a visit to the landscape. Plasman poljoprivrednih proizvoda poboljπat Êe se Special products will be created for visitors, riding, fish- pomoÊu malih, modernih jedinica za preradbu (klaonica, ing and looking after the animals on the great pasture- sirana, ureaj za muænju). Na taj Êe se naËin seljacima lands will have a special position. Here the local people pomoÊi da svoje proizvode prerauju i u skladu s novim will demonstrate to the visitors how people lived, for propisima EU-a. Stari, tradicionalni obrti ponovno Êe se centuries, with and from nature. oæiviti. Osim lana - koji se ponovno poËeo uzgajati kod IvaniÊ Grada - vaæni su suveniri pleteni i glineni Strengthening the local economy proizvodi. Tome treba pribrojiti i noπnje koje su vlas- Small local firms make up the main pillar of the eco- toruËno tkane i vezene. A u nekim seoskim kuÊama u nomic development of a region. For the population there »igoËu, Æremenu i drugim mjestima joπ stoje tkalaËki are many opportunities for new activities: stanovi i pojedine æene joπ znaju izraivati noπnje. Osim • bicycle and boat hire toga, inscenirat Êe se i plasirati i tradicionalno proizve- • stables and riding, as well as coach riding deni radni i kuÊanski aparati. • inns and catering facilities • production of meat and cheese.

10.4 U gostima u posavskoj kuÊi This economic development, once started, should be encouraged with loan programmes and consultations. 10.4.1 Ciljevi Hrastove kuÊe pretvaraju Posavinu u autentiËan Production and sales proizvod. One povezuju prirodni prostor s ljudskim The sale of agricultural products will be improved with osvajanjem. Stoga su najvaæniji ciljevi small modern units for processing (slaughterhouses, • oËuvanje starih drvenih kuÊa njihovom uporabom u cheese plants, milking machines). In this manner the turistiËke svrhe, peasants will be helped to process their products in line with new EU regulations. The old traditional crafts can

Bilten parka prirode 73 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Tradicionalna proizvodnja sira / Rode u »igoËu / Traditional cheese production Storks in »igoË

Stare koπnice / Posavske noπnje / Old hives Posavina costumes

Guske u Drenovom Boku, Ispaπa na obali Save (poloj) / Geese at Drenov Bok, grazing on the Sava banks (poloj)

74 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina ablica 10.2.: OËuvanje identiteta sela u Posavini T Prijedlozi za ocjenu i usmjerenje turistiËkog razvitka

Bilten parka prirode 75 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina nature,

arning trail ices, camping ldings nce be open to the public,

omestic animal ng and end of the pasturing season commune celebration ning trails with Drenov Bok, ion of the monument of a meadow, ion of the monument a meadow, ablica 10.2.: OËuvanje identiteta sela u Posavini T ace with information boards Prijedlozi za ocjenu i usmjerenje turistiËkog razvitka placing a HV cable underground (in name and crest) wooden bridges natural wealth big wooden house, well preserved cultural landscape commune festivity with award for best Posavina and the course of Sunja should be developed as much possible in line with of the settlement, spacious cultural landscape ponies, village gardens exhibition of village gardens pasture outside the retention pool village with two axes, entry of Sunja monument protection Strug experience area railways, waterways and roads, town at the centreof the nature park and the crest (ash)mosaic of forest and green areas hotel, bathing place on Una, camping pastures in western part of LP rebeæ Dam, centre of water management, inflow to Sava Pike Protection from high waters,, water regime, level Name of village Specific featuresGreda Landscape with great meadows, nice place Mower main motif Proposed Meadows, traditional mowing (scything), cultural landscape, village ho themes Measures, ÆremeSunja nice small place away from the roads Very centre of commune, Lies on the Sunja River, Old craft, e.g. weaving River with mills Quiet rest, paths for walking along the Sunja Commune fiesta should be made still better known, mills ©uvojLonja Old Sava, small place, nice pastures on the edge Old centre, school with nature park rooms, Nightingale Otter Quite rest, long walks around the place, riding Renovation of central place, seminars, bus station, village market »igoËKrateËkoMuæilovËica Old Sava, most stork nests Mulberries, rafts, wooden fire station Old Sava, way in to the pastures Silk worm, mulberry Gate to Lonjsko PoljeVillage European Stork Silk making museum, old costumes, renovated fire station Learning trail, for the pastures, village fiesta at beginni Learning trail, landing for boats, optimisation of stork celebrations T PuskaKrapje old meanders, country cottages, Two Carp village, future centre of nature park, Catfish Carp and cultural heritage Centre of nature park, exhibitions, networking lear learning trail Life by the river, Struæec Petroleum, »esma confluence Geology layers, Info boards, creation of Lonjsko Polje ‡ tectonic and hydromorphological le Piljenice Old mill, old forest, wooden bridges Common oak, Northern entrance, mill museum, forest learning trail, bridge maintena Drenov Bok view of Sava Krapje dol spoonbill colony, Spoonbills Learning trails, observation points, exhibition of old breeds d Jasenovac Sava and Una, concentration camp, intersection of in the name Tree VelikaKraljeva Entry into park, renting bikes, ecological cultivat Fishpond, very nice cultural landscape, old royal city White tailed eagle Northern entrance, way to historical pal KoπutaricaMlaka Name relates to a place set aside for game (destroyed)Lipovljani Deer cries Best plain, big bends of the Sava, Fishpond, commune centre, active folklore group Linden tree Creation of opportunity for observing game Black Stork North access to nature park, fishpond as excursion point, Learning trails, circular roads, raising old breeds Osekovo Best view of the plain, Roman villa Belvedere Provision of belvederes, building terrace with information and catering serv SvinjiËko Fishing village, approach to biggest Fishing village celebrations, fish dishes Guides, fishermen’s

76 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

be revitalised. As well as hemp, the cultivation of which by IvaniÊ Grad has been reintroduced, knitted and earth- enware products are important souvenirs. In addition there are the hand woven and embroidered costumes. In some of the village houses in »igoË, Ærem and other places there are still looms, and individual women still know how to make the costumes. In addition, the tradi- tionally produced working and domestic devices can be staged and sold.

10.4 Staying in a Posavina house

10.4.1 Objectives Tablica 10.3.: Razmiπljanja lokalnog stanovniπtva u svezi sa The oak houses turn Posavina into a real product. They stanjem i razvojnim moguÊnostima u Lonjskom polju; link the natural space with the human occupation of it. Pitanje: “Kakva je pomoÊ potrebna stanovnicima sela, kako bi For this reason the most important objectives are: mogli zaπtititi stare kuÊe (u %)”; / Opinions of the local inhabitans about present state and development posibilities in Lonjsko Polje area. Which kind of • preservation of the old wooden houses via using support is essential for the inhabitans in purpose of the them for tourist purposes preservation of old wooden houses ? (%) • the share of the population of the nature park and long term of the region in the revenues derived from Institut Ivo Pilar (2001.): “BuduÊnost na rubu moËvare”, str. 266. tourism through the renting of empty residential space and • the creation of a particular kind of tourist product in • udio stanovniπtva parka prirode, a dugoroËno i regi- the villages. je, u prihodima od turizma iznajmljivanjem praznih stambenih prostora i 10.4.2 Explanation • stvaranje specifiËne turistiËke ponude u selima. Today in Lonjsko Polje there is almost no kind possibility of obtaining accommodation. The following points 10.4.2 Obrazloæenje argue in favour of the tourist use of the wooden houses: Danas u Lonjskom polju nema gotovo nikakvih • The population sees a great potential for itself in smjeπtajnih moguÊnosti. Za turistiËku uporabu drvenih tourism, in order to improve their poor economic sit- kuÊa govore sljedeÊe toËke: uation (Pilar Institute, 2001). • Stanovniπtvo u turizmu vidi veliki potencijal za sebe, • Today already, most of the houses are empty, are kako bi poboljπali loπe gospodarsko stanje (Institut decaying and must be urgently put in order and used. Pilar 2001). • Accommodation capacities in the nature park or in •VeÊ danas je veÊina kuÊa prazna, propadaju, pa se the region of the project will extend the stay of visi- hitno moraju urediti i iskoriπtavati. tors and thus increase the revenue on the spot. This • Smjeπtajne moguÊnosti u parku prirode ili u mjesti- also includes guided tours, riding and other spare ma u projektnoj regiji produæit Êe boravak posjetitel- time activity options. ja pa Êe se tako poveÊati prihodi na licu mjesta. Tome • Nights spent in the park will prevent big traffic loads treba dodati i prehranu za goste, kao i voenje, jahan- arising. je i druge ponude za aktivnosti u slobodnom vre- • The use of the houses as private country cottages menu. should be discouraged where possible, because they • NoÊenje u parku, osim toga, sprjeËava nastanak bring only little life to the village, and even small velikoga prometnog optereÊenja. income. • Uporabu kuÊa kao privatnih vikendica trebalo bi spri- jeËiti gdje je god moguÊe jer Êe u sela donijeti 10.4.3 Concept / measures samo malo æivota i joπ manje prihoda. In order to create the conditions in the typical Posavina houses for spending the night, the following precondi- 10.4.3 Koncept / mjere tions obtain: Kako bi se u tipiËnim posavskim kuÊama stvorila ponu- • Testing the plan of three houses led to the conclusion da za noÊenje postoje sljedeÊi preduvjeti: that according to size of rooms and the external

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• Ispitivanjem tlocrta triju kuÊa utvreno je da se one steps, they can be converted outstandingly (see draw- na temelju veliËine soba i vanjskih stuba mogu ing). In these historical houses, the ceiling can be a izvanredno adaptirati (vidi nacrte). U tim povijesnim little lower than standard, but the size of the room is kuÊama visina stropa moæe biti neπto niæa, ali je zato otherwise suitable for staying in. veliËina soba pogodna za boravak. • Only a small number of additional partition walls are • Samo je mali broj dodatnih zidova potreban da bi se required in order to make four to five rooms with a napravilo Ëetiri do pet soba, sa po jednom kupaoni- bathroom each. com. The most important first step is the construction and Najvaæniji prvi korak je izgradnja i poticanje jedne encouragement of one or a group of model houses, so as ogledne kuÊe ili skupine takvih kuÊa, kako bi se pokaza- to show off solutions for the renovation and the building la rjeπenja za renovaciju i ugradnju sanitarnih Ëvorova. in of bathrooms. In addition, appropriate furniture has to Uz to, valja pronaÊi i prikladan namjeπtaj. To bi trebalo be found. This has to be done as soon as possible, to ini- tiate further construction and to prevent the further decay uËiniti πto je moguÊe prije kako bi se inicirala daljnja of the houses. izgradnja i sprijeËilo daljnje propadanje kuÊa. The costs for the complete renovation of an old wooden Troπkovi cjelovitog renoviranja stare drvene kuÊe iznose house come to about 80,000 to 120,000 euros. If the otprilike 80.000 - 120.000 eura. Ako vlasnik radi sam, owner puts in his own labour, there would be less sub- dovoljne bi bile i manje subvencije za odgovarajuÊu sidy needed for the appropriate construction. It is essen- izgradnju. Bitno je da se u jednom mjestu sanira neko- tial that in a single village, several houses be repaired, so liko kuÊa kako bi se oko njih mogla stvoriti prikladna that around them an appropriate programme of activities ponuda aktivnosti i programa. and options can be created.

Poticati se moraju vlasnici drvenih kuÊa koji su zaintere- The owners of the wooden houses who are interesting in sirani za takvu izgradnju. To je, na primjer, moguÊe the appropriate construction should be encouraged. This preko odgovarajuÊega druπtva za koriπtenje i adaptaciju can be done for example via an appropriate association starih kuÊa. Posebno je vaæno da se subvencijama, ukazi- for the use and conversion of the old houses. It is parti- vanjem na povoljne poticajne moguÊnosti i pomoÊi u cularly important that via subsidies, through attention marketingu lokalnom stanovniπtvu olakπa poËetak tur- being drawn to useful possibilities of incentives and help istiËke djelatnosti. in marketing, the local population should find it easier to start up this tourist activity. Bitan uvjet za razvoj prirodnog i kulturnog turizma u Posavini gostoprimstvo je ljudi koje mora postati sas- An essential condition for the development of nature and tavni dio proizvoda. Pod time se misli, primjerice, i na culture tourism in Posavina is the hospitality of the peo- doËek s domaÊom πljivovicom, na brojna tipiËna jela ili ple who have to become an essential part of the product. zajedniËki odlazak u πtalu ili na paπnjak . A welcome with local home-made plum brandy is as much a part of this as the many typical local dishes, and the joint outing to the stables or out onto the pastures. 10.5 Model za doæivljaj prirode - Mlaka u Mokrom polju 10.5 A model for the experience of nature - 10.5.1 Ciljevi Mlaka, in Mokro Polje ZabaËeno naselje Mlaka na kraju je ceste koja vodi po 10.5.1 Objectives nasipu duæ Save, od Jasenovca uz granicu s Bosnom. The out-of-the-way village of Mlaka lies at the end of Kad je vodostaj visok, cesta je zatvorena. Taj dio parka the road that leads along the embankment along the Sava prirode, Mokro polje, pripada najdivljijim i istovremeno from Jasenovac along the border with Bosnia. During najzanimljivijim dijelovima ovoga podruËja. Stoga se times of high water, this route cannot be used. This part • preporuËuje stvaranje ponude za goste koja Êe of the nature park, Mokro Polje, is among the wildest omoguÊiti da se doæivi taj jedinstveni krajobraz, and at the same time most interesting parts of this area. • preporuËuje se oËuvanje starih pasmina domaÊih æi- For this reason it is recommended: votinja na zapuπtenim paπnjacima i • to create a product for guests that will enable this • kao cilj postavlja povratak stanovniπtva u gotovo unique landscape to be experienced to the full, napuπteno selo, kako bi se oËuvao taj kulturni krajo- • to conserve the old breeds of domestic animals on the braz uz Savu. abandoned pastures and

78 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Sava s niskim vodostajom - kruæni put I / Mala zelena æaba u Poganovom Polju / Sava with low water - circular path 1 Small green frog, Poganovo polje

Cvjetovi plavuna / Sava s visokim vodostajom - kruæni put I / Water lily Sava at high water - circular path I

Paπnjak u Mokrom Polju / PouËna staza - Poagnovo Polje pri niskom vodostaju / Pastureland, Mokro Polje Learning trail - Poganovo Polje at low water

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10.5.2 Obrazloæenje • to make the return of the population into this almost U Posavini se na razliËitim mjestima mora stvoriti ponu- completely abandoned village an objective, in order da za goste koja Êe odgovarati razliËitim interesima pos- to preserve this cultural landscape along the Sava. jetitelja. Tu je i doæivljaj krajobraza i promatranje rijetkih æivotinja i biljaka. Okolica Mlake pogodna je iz 10.5.2 Explanation sljedeÊih razloga: In Posavina a product for guests that will answer to var- • PodruËja oko Mlake pripadaju meu najvrjednije i ious tastes must be created n various places. This najzanimljivije dijelove parka prirode Lonjsko polje. includes the experience of the landscape and the obser- Ovdje je ostao saËuvan mozaik ekoloπki vrlo bitnih vation of rare animals and plants. The surrounds of livada i paπnjaka unutar velikih πuma. Poplavno Mlaka is suitable for the following reasons: podruËje joπ je izravno povezano sa Savom i slobodno se preplavljuje. • The Mlaka area is among the most valuable and inter- • Mjesto se, osim toga, nalazi na dva slikovita zavoja esting parts of Lonjsko Polje Nature Park. Here is still Save koja graniËe s velikim poplavnim povrπinama u extant a mosaic of ecologically very essential mead- Bosni. Prirodni tok Save, sa strmom obalom, pogo- ows and pastures among the great woods. The flood dan je za promatranja. pain is still directly linked with the Sava, and is still • Poganovo polje je najraznolikije polje u parku freely inundated. prirode i ovdje se geneza krajobraza moæe najbolje • Apart from that, the place lies on two picturesque objasniti. Veliki rukavac Save u sredini paπnjaka ima bends of the Sava that border with great flood plain i tijekom ljeta vode i utoËiπte je mnogih ugroæenih areas in Bosnia. The natural course of the Sava here, æivotinja i biljaka. with its steep banks, is suitable for observation. • Parku su za oËuvanje starih pasmina domaÊih æivot- • Poganovo Polje is the most diverse Polje, plain, in inja potrebni paπnjaci za matiËna stada. the nature park, and it is here that the genesis of the •U selu gotovo i nema stanovnika, pa se povratak landscape can be best explained. The great oxbow of mora pratiti odgovarajuÊim mjerama. the Sava in the centre of the pastureland has water during summer and is a refuge for many endangered 10.5.3 Koncept / mjere plant and animal species. Razvoj turistiËke ponude moguÊ je uz nekoliko ciljanih • The Park needs pastures for the breeding herds in mjera: order to preserve the old breeds. • BiciklistiËka staza uz Savu u buduÊnosti Êe selo povezivati s prometnim Ëvoriπtem Jasenovcem. There are almost no people in the village, and the return Dodatno se, autom po cesti Jasenovac - Koπutarica, has to be accompanied with appropriate measures. koja vodi kroz park, moæe doÊi do naselja. Iz Jasenovca, na primjer, gosti mogu u Mlaku doÊi i 10.5.3 Concept / measures Ëamcem. The development of the tourist product is possible with • Selo postaje polaziπte za Ëetiri kruæne staze, duge od a few targeted measures: pet do dvanaest kilometara, s razliËitim temama. • The cycle path along the Sava will in future link the Svaka Êe tema biti objaπnjena na ploËama koje Êe se village with the traffic node of Jasenovac. In addition, postaviti na odreenim toËkama. by car, along the Jasenovac - Koπutarica road, which •U Poganovo i Mokro polje vodit Êe pouËna staza goes through the park, it is possible to reach the vil- koja Êe dati najbolji uvid u krajobraz. Ovdje postoji lage. Also from Jasenovac, guests can arrive by boat. moguÊnost da se orao πtekavac, crna roda i æliËarka • The village can become the point of departure for four vide u njihovu prirodnom æivotnom prostoru. circular paths from five to 12 kilometres long, with • Park prirode u Poganovu polju stvara rasplodna stada different thematic areas. Each theme will be explained za ugroæene vrste domaÊih æivotinja i na taj naËin on notice boards to be placed at given points. seoskim stanovnicima nudi radna mjesta. Kao poseb- • In Poganovo and Mokro Pole there will be a learning na privlaËnost, ovdje bi trebalo pasti prvo stado trail that will give the best insight into the landscape. slavonskoga sivog goveda. K tomu dolaze tur- Here there is a possibility of seeing the white tailed opoljske svinje i posavski konji. eagle, the black stork and the spoonbill in their natu- • Uz pomoÊ meunarodnih i domaÊih humanitarnih ral living space. organizacija potiËe se povratak obitelji. OËuvanje • The nature park in Poganovo Polje is creating breed- livada i paπnjaka te prve turistiËke ponude pridonose ing herds for endangered species of domestic animals reintegraciji. and in this manner can provide the inhabitants of the village with jobs. A special attraction here should be

80 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Veliki ribnjak “400” / Odmoriπte ispod hrastova / Big fishpond, 400 Resting place under the oaks

Park dvorca / Sportski ribolov / Park of the palace Angling

Dvorac u parku / Vodena vegetacija / Palace in the park Water vegetation

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10.6 Ribnjaci - neizbjeæni sastavni dio ovoga the first herd of Slavonian white cattle. In addition, krajobraza there are Turopolje hogs and Posavina horses. • With the help of international and domestic charita- 10.6.1 Ciljevi ble organisations, the return of families is being Hrvatska unutraπnjost bogata je velikim, plitkim ri- encouraged. The preservation of the meadows and bnjacima za uzgoj πarana. Iz sljedeÊih razloga bitno ih je the pastures, and the first tourist activities, are mak- oËuvati i izgraditi kao dio turistiËke ponude: ing a contribution to reintegration. • ObogaÊivanje turistiËke ponude s tradicionalnim ribljim jelima i posjet podruËja s ribnjacima. • Dobre moguÊnosti za promatranje ugroæenih æivo- 10.6 Fishponds - an inseparable part of this tinjskih i biljnih vrsta. landscape • OËuvanje radnih mjesta za lokalno stanovniπtvo u ruralnom podruËju i osiguranje jednog od hrvatskih 10.6.1 Objectives izvoznih dobara. The interior of Croatia is rich in large shallow fishponds • OËuvanje ribnjaka kao bitnih æivotnih prostora za for the breeding of carp. It is important, for the follow- æivotinjske vrste koje su ugroæene u Europi i Ëitavom ing reasons, to preserve these and to build them up as svijetu. part of the tourist product: • Razvoj pilot-projekta za odræiv uzgoj u Hrvatskoj. • Enhancing the tourist product with traditional fish 10.6.2 Obrazloæenje dishes and visits to areas with fishponds. Mjere za ugroæen uzgoj riba u unutraπnjosti bitne su iz • Good chances for observing endangered animal and sljedeÊih razloga: plant species. • Ugroæen je opstanak svih pet ribnjaka u srednjem • Keeping jobs for the local population in the rural area podruËju, tri viπe nisu u funkciji, a dva posluju samo and making sure of one of the Croatian export assets. s malim kapacitetom. • Preserving the fishponds as essential living spaces • Proizvodnja plasiranih slatkovodnih riba iz hrvatskih for animal species that are endangered in Europe and ribnjaka tijekom proteklih 10 godina pala je s 12.000 the whole world. t godiπnje na otprilike 2.000 t. Uz meunarodnu • Development of a pilot project for sustainable devel- træiπnu vrijednost od otprilike 2 eura po kilogramu, opment in Croatia. to je veliki gubitak za hrvatsko gospodarstvo. 10.6.2 Explanation • Svi ribnjaci su prema europskoj smjernici o zaπtiti ptica svrstani u Important Bird Areas (podruËja bitna The measures for the threatened fish farming in the inte- za ptice) i Hrvatska se s pristupom Europskoj uniji rior are essential for the following reasons: obvezuje na njihovo oËuvanje. • The survival of all the five ponds in the central area • Ribnjak Crna mlaka je Ramsarsko zaπtiÊeno podruËje, is at risk; three no longer work, and two work at a a oba ribnjaka, Lipovljani i OkuÊani/Sloboπtina, inte- low capacity. gralni su sastavni dio Ramsarskog podruËja doline • The production of sold freshwater fish from the Save - park prirode Lonjsko polje. Croatian fishponds during the last10 years fell from • Ribnjaci su utoËiπte ugroæenih i rijetkih æivotinjskih 12,000 t pa to about 2,000 t pa. With an internation- i biljnih vrsta koje su prije opseænog uniπtenja al market value of about 2 euros per kg, this is a big poplavnog podruËja - i uz Savu je isuπeno 80% - loss for the Croatian economy. imali puno bolje moguÊnosti preæivljavanja • All the fishponds, according to the European guideline about the protection of birds, classified as IBAs 10.6.3 Koncept / mjere and Croatia, through accession to the EU, is obliged Za oËuvanje ribnjaka, kao tipiËnog sastavnog dijela to keep them up. hrvatskog nizinskog krajobraza u Posavini i Podravini, • The Crna Mlaka pond is a Ramsar area and both the potrebne su sljedeÊe mjere: Lipovljani and OkuËani/Sloboπtina ponds are an • Sustav putova i skroviπta za promatranje gostima integral part of the Ramsar area of the Sava valley - daje uvid u æivotinjski svijet, a da ga ne uniπte. Tako Lonjsko Polje Nature Park area. Êe gosti remetiti samo mali dio ribnjaka (vidi koncept • Fishponds are a refuge for endangered and rare ani- posjeÊivanja Crna mlaka). mal and plant species that before the extensive • PomoÊu moguÊnosti za promatranje, ribnjaka za destruction of the flood plain - and 80% of the land ribolov i informacijskoga centra stvorit Êe se ponuda alongside the Sava has been drained - had a much koja poziva na boravak i ponovni dolazak. better chance for survival.

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• Izravan plasman poboljπat Êe se izgradnjom 10.6.3 Concept / measures restorana i redovite ponude za goste, kao πto su For the preservation of the fishponds as typical compo- voenja i proslave. Dobar primjer za to je postojeÊi nent of the Croatian lowland landscape in Posavina and restoran kod ribnjaka u naselju Crna Mlaka. Podravina, the following measures are required: • Ribnjaci, kao npr. Lipovljani i OkuËani, integrirat Êe • A system of trails and hides for guests giving a view se u regionalni sustav usmjeravanja posjetitelja parka of the animal world without destroying it. The guests prirode Lonjsko polje kao sjeverni, odnosno istoËni will disturb only a small part of the fishponds (see prilaz. U buduÊnosti mogu raËunati s 10.000 do the concept for the visitors to Crna Mlaka). 20.000 gostiju godiπnje. • A product that encourages longer periods of stay and • Plasman riba Êe se poboljπati pomoÊu ureaja za pre- revisiting will be created with the ability to use the radbu i pakiranje za veletrgovinu. fishponds for spotting, angling and the provision of •Temelj je svekolikoga razvoja sniæenje naknade za an info centre. gospodarenje vodom, πto je u ovlasti hrvatske Vlade, • Direct sales will be improved by the construction of kako bi se omoguÊio ekonomski isplativ rad. restaurants and regular products for guests, such as Ribnjaci koji su pod zaπtitom i u kojima nije guided tours and festivities. A good example of this dopuπten lov na ptice moraju se osloboditi plaÊanja is the existing restaurant at the fishpond in the Crna naknade za vodu Mlaka settlement. • zbog masivnih smetnja i ugroæavanja odreenih vrsta • Fishponds such as Lipovljani and OkuËani will be koje su ugroæene diljem svijeta, kao πto su npr. patka integrated into the regional system for handling visi- njorka i tankokljuni pozviædaË. tors to the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park, as a northern or eastern approach. In the future it can be counted that there will be from 10,000 to 20,000 guests annually. • The sales of fish will be improved with the assistance of plant for processing and packaging for wholesale trade. • The basis for all this development is the modification of the water management charge by the Croatian Government, which would make economically paying work possible. The fishponds that are protected and in which it is not allowed to shoot or take birds must be exempted from the payment of the water charge. • As a result of massive disturbances, certain species are under threat world wide, such as the ferruginous duck and the slender billed curlew, and this will be protected.

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11 Apendiks 11. Appendix

11.1 Procjena sela s aspekta zaπtite 11. 1 Evaluation of the countryside from the spomenika od Uprave za zaπtitu point of view of the protection of kulturne baπtine monuments by the Administration for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage, U projektnom podruËju je Uprava za zaπtitu kulturne Conservation Department baπtine valorizirala 423 sela. In the area of the project, the Administration for the Procjena se temelji na sljedeÊim kriterijima: Protection of the Cultural Heritage, conservation Depart- ment have made an inspection of 423 villages and their • Poloæaj sela u povezanosti s kulturnim krajolikom, architectural substance, and the appearance of the villages. njegovim koriπtenjem i stanjem • Stupanj oËuvanosti struktura sela, kao πto su npr. The evaluation was made according to the following criteria: stari putovi, parcelacija povrπina i tip sela • The position of the village in connection with the • OËuvanost tipiËne arhitekture (drvene kuÊe) cultural landscape, its use and condition •Tip i broj novih drvenih kuÊa • The degree to which the structure of the village is • Ureenje srediπta sela preserved, including the old paths, the divisions of • Povijesne zgrade od javnog interesa (sakralni objek- the land into plots, and the type of village ti, πkole, vatrogasci, zdravstvena zaπtita, trgovine i • The preservation of the typical architecture gostionice). • The type and number of new wooden houses • The arrangement of the village centre Na temelju navedenih elemenata sva sela su dobila sli- • Historical buildings of public interest (churches, jedeÊe oznake vrijednosti: schools, fire stations, health care, shops, taverns) < 01 naselje u velikoj mjeri saËuvalo izvorni seoski ambi- On the basis of these elements, all the villages were eval- jent i tradicijsku drvenu arhitekturu uated in the following way: 02 saËuvani dijelovi naselja u izovrnom ambijentu s 01 Villages with the original rural feeling that have tradicijskom drvenom arhitekturom remain largely untouched, together with the tradi- 03 u naselju saËuvani manji potezi tradicijske tional wooden architecture arhitekture 02 Villages the wooden of which have remained preserved together with the original village feeling Iz grafiËkoga prikaza kulturne baπtine u projektnom 03 Villages in which small units with traditional archi- podruËju vide se razliËite zone, u kojima su saËuvana tecture have been preserved. tipiËna tradicionalna sela: Srednja Posavina, djelomiËno i njezini sjeverni dijelovi do IvaniÊ Grada, dijelovi From the graphic display of the cultural heritage in the Turopolja, duæ Kupe (Pokuplje) i sjeverni dio Lonjskog project area, different zones can be seen, in which the tra- polja kod Kutine. U selima u blizini velikih gradova i ditionally typical villages have been preserved: Central mjesta, Zagreba, Siska, Karlovca, Velike Gorice, Posavina, partially also the northern parts up to IvaniÊ ZapreπiÊa i Dugog Sela, te u ratnim podruËjima kod Grad, parts of Turopolje, along the Kupa (Pokuplje) and Petrinje i Karlovca danas nedostaju ti tipiËni elementi the northern part of Lonjsko Polje by Kutina. In the vil- koji privlaËe goste. Blizina vode, odnosno poplavnih lages in the vicinity of the big towns such as Zagreb, Sisak, povrπina Save i njezinih pritoka, u mnogim je sluËajevi- Karlovac, Velika Gorica, ZapreπiÊ and Dugo Selo, as well ma zaustavila razvoj i modernizaciju, tako da je as in war areas like Petrinja and Karlovac today the typical saËuvana kulturna baπtina. elements make them attractive to visitors are gone. The closeness of the water or the floodplain of the Sava and its tributaries have in many cases halted development and 11.2 Potencijal drvenih kuÊa modernisation, and thus preserved the cultural heritage.

Broj kuÊa u projektnom podruËju iznosi prema ovoj studiji 7.572. DugoroËno oËuvanje tih zgrada i razvitak 11.2 The potential of the wooden houses odgovarajuÊih tehnika od posebnoga su znaËenja za oËuvanje toga regionalnog identiteta. Samo 870 takvih The number of houses in the project area according to kuÊa nalazi se u podruËju na razvoju kojega veÊ danas this study comes to 7,572. The long term preservation of

84 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

Table 11.1.: Procjena sela s aspekta zaπtite spomenika od strane Uprave za zaπtitu kulturne baπtine / Evaluation of the contryside from the point of view of the protectin of monuments by the Administration for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage, Conservation Department Izvor: Ministarstvo kulture - Uprava za zaπtitu kulturne baπtine, Konzervatorski odjel u Zagrebu, Zagreb, MesniËka 49. Autori: Ksenija PetriÊ, dipl.ing.arh. - voditelj projekta, Ana Mlinar, prof. Etnolog & Eva MatijaπeviÊ, dipl.ing.arh. PROJEKT SAVA: NASTAVAK VODOGOSPODARSKOG URE–IVANJA SUSTAVA OD POPLAVA U SREDNOJ POSAVINI

Izrazito veliki broj drvenih kuÊa postoji u sljedeÊim seli- Aparticularly large number of wooden houses exist in ma (tablica): the following villages:

Selo Broj drvenih kuÊa Ocjena Village Number of wooden houses Evaluation Viπe od 100: More than 100 Osekovo 147 (03) Osekovo 147 03 Potok 124 (03) Potok 124 03 GuπÊe 114 (02) GuπÊe 114 02 Posavski Bregi 113 (01) Posavski Bregi 113 01 Donja KupËina 110 (03) Donja KupËina 110 03 Lupoglav 108 (03) Lupoglav 108 03 viπe od 90: More than 90 Voloder 97 (04) Voloder 97 04 Nebojan 92 (02) Nobojan 92 02 Struæec 91 (03) Struæec 91 03 Bobovac 90 (03) Bobovac 90 03 viπe od 80: More than 80 Krapje 87 (02) Krapje 87 01 Donja GraËenica 87 (03) Donja Graπenica 87 03 Greda Sunjska 84 (02) Greda Sunjska 84 02 Lekenik 82 (03) Lekenik 82 03 Lonja 82 (02) Lonja 82 02 LetovaniÊ 82 (02) LetovaniÊ 82 02 PreloπËica 80 (03) PreloπÊica 80 03

Bilten parka prirode 85 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina radi Park prirode Lonjsko polje (srediπnje podruËje). To these buildings and the development of appropriate tech- pokazuje koliko je bitan regionalni pristup. niques is of particular importance for the conservation of this regional identity. Only 870 of these houses are in the area the development of which is today being addressed 11.3 Zaπtita od visokih voda u projektnom by the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park (central region). This podruËju shows how important a regional approach is.

11.3.1 Meunarodno znaËenje Projektno podruËje za srednju Europu nije samo jedin- 11.3 Protection against high waters in the stvena prirodna i kulturna baπtina nego je i najbolji prim- project area jer zaπtite od poplavnih voda u Europi. Visoke vode Save, u dijelu nizvodno od Zagreba, kod velikih poplava 11.3.1 International importance smanjuju za otprilike 1000 kubiËnih metara u sekundi. The project area does not only constitute a unique natural Na taj naËin poplavna podruËja Save ne πtite od visokih and cultural heritage for central Europe, but it is also the voda samo Zagreb nego i gradove u Bosni, Vojvodini i best example of protection against flood waters in Europe. Srbiji. Za Savu je izraen prvi projekt zaπtite od visok- The high waters of the Sava in the part below Zagreb at ih voda koji u obzir uzima Ëitavo slijevno podruËje the time of great flood are reduced by about 1000 cubic rijeke. Joπ i danas poplavne povrπine jugoistoËno i metres a second. In this way the floodplain of the Sava jugozapadno od glavnoga grada Zagreba iznose viπe od protects not only Zagreb but also the cities in Bosnia, 1000 Ëetvornih kilometara. Samo se njihovim postojan- Voyvodina and Serbia. It was for the Sava that the first jem mogu prihvatiti veliki valovi visokih voda koji high water protection programme was made that took into dolaze iz Alpa i Dinarida. Studija o visokim vodama account the whole basin of the river. Still today, the flood- [BrundiÊ i dr. 2000.], koju je financirala Svjetska banka, plain south-east and south-west of the capital, Zagreb, pokazuje ne samo veliki kapacitet te rijeËne doline koja account for more than 1000 square kilometres. Only they moæe primiti viπe od 2 milijarde kubiËnih metara, nego i are capable of taking the great waves of high waters that moguÊnosti kooperacije izmeu zaπtite okoliπa, πumarst- come down from the Alps and Dinaric mountains. A study va i poljoprivrede te zaπtite spomenika. of high water (BrundiÊ et al 2000), financed by the World

Slika 11.1. Prikaz koncepta zaπtite i renaturiranja za srednji dio doline rijeke Save / Presentation of the concept for the protection and restoration of the central part of the Sava River valley

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Bank, has shown not only the great capacity of this river basin, which can receive more than 2 billion cubic metres of water, but the possibility that exists for cooperation among environmental protection, forestry and agriculture sectors, as well as the protection of monuments.

11.3.2 Objective The objective of the new WB study is to replace the old project, which is 30 years old. The most important requirements for protection against high waters and for regional development are (see Fig. 11.2): Slika 11.2. Pregled poplavnih povrπina uz Savu (u 000 ha) / Review of the floodplain areas of the Sava (in ha) • to protect the floodplain area as an important retention and natural area, 11.3.2 Cilj • to make part of the floodplain area, particularly along Cilj nove studije Svjetske banke je zamijeniti projekt the Sava, more natural again, koji je star veÊ 30 godina. Najvaæniji zahtjevi za zaπtitu • to preserve a large part of the drained river land- od visokih voda i regionalni razvitak (vidi sl. 11.2) su: scape, as for example at the stork village of »igoË • zaπtititi postojeÊa poplavna podruËja kao vaæna and Lonja, with the help of ecological inundations; retencijska i prirodna podruËja; • to make more natural once again the straightened • renaturirati dio poplavnih podruËja, posebice duæ parts of the rivers; Save; • to preserve a large number of old oxbows and mean- • oËuvati veliki dio isuπenog rijeËnog krajolika, kao ders along the Sava and its tributaries. npr. kod sela roda »igoË i Lonja, pomoÊu ekoloπkih poplavljivanja; 11.3.3 Economic importance of the floodplain areas • renaturirati izravnane dijelove rijeka; The floodplain has the central function of being a protec- • oËuvati veliki broj starih rijeËnih rukavaca duæ Save tion during times of high waters. If they had no effect on i njezinih pritoka. the Sava and tributaries, the vast masses of water would

Izvor: BrundiÊ, D., BarbaliÊ, D.; OmerbegoviÊ, V; Schneider-Jacoby, M.; TusiÊ, Z. (2001.) Alluvial Wetlands Preservation in Croatia - The Experience of the Central Sava Basin Flood Control System. In: H.J.Nijland & M.J.R.Cals: River Restoration in Europe, Pratical Approaches, Proceedings of the Conference on River Restoration 2000 - July 17, 2000, RIZA rapport nr.:2001.023: 109 - 118.

Slika 11.3. Nizvodno od Zagreba se smanjuje vodostaj Save kod visokih voda. Taj vaæan uËinak rastereÊenja koji poplavna podruËja imaju, u Europi se moæe vidjeti samo joπ na Savi / Downstream from Zagreb the height of the Sava drops at high water. This important relief effect that the floodplain has can be seen in Europe only on the Sava

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11.3.3 Gospodarsko znaËenje poplavnih podruËja be a constant danger for the cities and for agriculture. Poplavna podruËja imaju bitnu funkciju u zaπtiti od While in other rivers in the last 30 years in Europe there visokih voda. Bez njihova djelovanja na Savu i njezine have been catastrophic floods, this is prevented here by pritoke, velike vodene mase stalno bi ugroæavala letting the flood torrents out into the Sava flood plain. gradove i poljoprivredu. Dok je na drugim rijekama tijekom proteklih 30 godina u Europi dolazilo do katas- For this, the perspicacious protection against high waters trofalnih poplava, to se ovdje sprjeËavalo ispuπtanjem that was provided in the 1960s is to be credited. While poplavnih bujica u poplavno podruËje Save. along other rivers, the floodplain areas were destroyed, in the central part of the Sava, in the area between Za to je zasluæna dalekovidna zaπtita od visokih voda iz Karlovac, Zagreb, Sisak and Gradiπka, they were pre- 60-ih godina proπloga stoljeÊa. Dok su uz druge rijeke served, for an area of about 1,000 square kilometres - an uniπtena poplavna podruËja, ona su saËuvana u area almost twice as big as the biggest German lake, the srediπnjem dijelu Save, u podruËju izmeu Karlovca, Bodensee. This area, apart from being a protection Zagreba, Siska i Gradiπke, na povrπini od 1.000 against high waters, has other economic values as well, Ëetvornih kilometara ‡ to je povrπina gotovo dvostruko which we do not actually expect from wetlands. veÊa od najveÊega njemaËkog jezera, tj. Bodenskog jezera! To podruËje osim zaπtite od visokih voda ima joπ The simplest value lies in the fish. The value of the fish mnogo drugih gospodarskih vrijednosti koje zapravo ne that reproduce in the flood plain comes to about 50 - 350 oËekujemo od vlaænih podruËja. euros per hectare. This area is the cradle for fish from the Sava and Kupa. Wild carp and pike are species that com- Najjednostavnije je znaËenje za ribe. Vrijednost riba koje monly spawn on the floodplains. Today about 15,000 se razmnoæavaju u poplavnom podruËju iznosi izmeu anglers to off to the floodplain area. About 700 square 50 i 350 eura po hektaru. To podruËje je kolijevka za ribe kilometres of forest lie in the area directly alongside the iz Save i Kupe. Divlji πaran i πtuka su vrste koje se floodplain, and thus show that protection from high uobiËajeno mrijeste na poplavljenim paπnjacima. Danas waters is also a paying proposition. The value of the veÊ otprilike 15.000 ribiËa odlazi u poplavna podruËja. reserves of wood per ha come to about 20,000 euros. In Otprilike 700 Ëetvornih kilometara πuma nalazi se u addition there are many other values, such as climatic podruËju neposredno uz poplavno podruËje te tako protection, recreation and hunting. potvruju da je zaπtita od visokih voda i ekonomski isplativa. Vrijednost zaliha drva po hektaru iznosi viπe In Posavina there are a large number of red deer and roe od 20.000 eura. Tomu valja pribrojiti i mnoge druge vri- deer, as well as jackals, beavers and wildcats. Every jednosti, kao πto su klimatska zaπtita, odmor i lov. hectare of floodplain cleans the water of the Sava and hence of the Danube. At an international level, the value U Posavini æivi veliki broj jelena i srna, ali i Ëagalj, dabar of these natural services can be valued at about 200 i divlja maËka. Svaki hektar poplavne povrπine Ëisti vodu euros per ha. Apart from that, the floodplain areas look Save, a time i Dunava. Na meunarodnoj se razini vrijed- after the renovation of the underground waters and hence nost te prirodne usluge procjenjuje na otprilike 200 eura of the supplies of drinking water. po hektaru. Osim toga, poplavna podruËja zasluæna su za obnovu podzemnih voda, a time i za dobivanje pitke vode. 11. 4 Neighbouring areas - Potential biosphere reserve Central Posavina 11.4 Susjedna podruËja - Potencijalni rezervat biosfere Srediπnja Posavina 11.4.1 Objective Central Posavina lies in the heart of Croatia, between the 11.4.1 Cilj counties of Zagreb, Sisak, Brod and Karlovac. The long- Srediπnja se Posavina nalazi u srcu Hrvatske, izmeu term regional programme has to bring together the fol- Ëetiri æupanije: ZagrebaËke, KarlovaËke, SisaËko- lowing objectives: moslavaËke i Brodsko-posavske. DugoroËno regionalni • the creation of an interesting tourist product for program mora sjediniti sljedeÊe ciljeve: Zagreb and for international tourism • Stvaranje zanimljivoga turistiËkog proizvoda za • the organisation of establishments for regional devel- podruËje Zagreba i meunarodni turizam. opment to be competent for the whole area, inde- • Ustrojavanje ustanove za regionalni razvoj koja bi pendent of the administrative divisions bila mjerodavna za Ëitavo podruËje, neovisno o • the linking of planned and existing areas of protect- administrativnim granicama. ed nature and landscape

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• Povezivanje planiranih i postojeÊih podruËja zaπtite • the conservation and preservation of the typical prirode i krajolika. Posavina villages along the Sava, Kupa, Sunja and Odra • Zaπtita i oËuvanje tipiËnih posavskih sela duæ Save, • the development of internationally one-ff natural Kupe, Sunje i Odre. refuges and retention areas for protection against • Razvoj meunarodno jedinstvenih prirodnih utoËiπta high waters. i retencijskih podruËja za zaπtitu od visokih voda. 11.4.2 Explanation 11.4.2 Obrazloæenje The achievement of these ends is essential for the fol- Ostvarenje tih ciljeva bitno je iz sljedeÊih razloga: lowing reasons: • Otprilike 1,5 milijuna ljudi æivi u srediπtu Hrvatske. • About 1.5 million people live in central Croatia. In UnatoË tomu, mnoga su podruËja gotovo pusta jer spite of this, many regions are almost deserted, for ljudi iz tih podruËja masovno odlaze sa sela u people from these areas are vigorously moving to the gradove. To vrijedi posebice za sela duæ Save i Kupe. towns. This is particularly true of the villages along • Srediπnja Posavina je najveÊi zatvoreni sustav the Sava and Kupa. • Central Posavina is the greatest closed system of poplavnih podruËja u podruËju Dunava i srednje floodplains in the area of the Danube and Central Europe, a prostire se daleko izvan granica parka Europe, and also spread far outside the borders of prirode Lonjsko polje. Lonjsko Polje Nature Park. • Park prirode Lonjsko polje pokazuje da nadreena • Lonjsko Polje Nature Park shows that a hierarchical- administracija moæe dati odluËujuÊe poticaje za ly positioned administration can give determining oËuvanje kulturne i prirodne baπtine. Sela unutar impulses to the preservation of the cultural and natu- parka ljudi manje napuπtaju radi odlaska u grad nego ral heritage. In the villages within the park, people πto se to dogaa u prosjeku u SisaËko-moslavaËkoj are leaving for the cities in a smaller number than the æupaniji. Sisak-Moslavina County average. • Prostorni plan na nacionalnoj i regionalnoj razini • The land plan for at the national and regional level predvia najrazliËitija zaπtitna podruËja na provides for various kinds of protected areas in the podruËjima projekata koji moraju imati zajedniËki regions of the project, which must have a common razvojni cilj. development aim. •Tu su podruËje zaπtite krajolika uz Kupu, predviena • This includes the area of protected landscape along zaπtiÊena podruËja u Turopolju i Odranskom polju i the Kupa, the anticipated protected areas in sisaËka Posavina. Turopolje and the Odra plain as well as Sisak • Prema meunarodnim pogledima, podruËje bi treba- Posavina. lo imati posebno visok stupanj status zaπtite, a veÊ je • From an international point of view, the area should registrirano po kriterijima EU-a (Important Bird have very high conservation status, since it is also Area). registered according to EU criteria as an IBA. • Projektno podruËje ima istovremeno istaknutu • The project area has an important international role meunarodnu funkciju na podruËju zaπtite od in prevention against flooding, for the whole of the poplavnih voda, i to za Ëitavo slijevno podruËje Save. drainage basin of the Sava.

Slika 11.4. Reervat biosfere kao regionalni model planiranja / Slika 11.5. Zone rezervata biosfere / Biosphere reserveas regional planning model Biosphere reserve zoning

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11.4.3 Koncept / mjere 11.4.3 Concept / Measures Za takve posebne kulturne i prirodne krajolike, zajedno For such special cultural and natural landscapes, and s njihovim okruæenjem, UNESCO nudi regionalni model their surrounds, UNESCO offers a regional planning planiranja: rezervat biosfere. Taj status je meunarodno model: biosphere reserve. This status is international priznat. Smjernice pomaæu kako pri prostornom plani- recognised. Guidelines help in both land planning and in ranju tako i pri skrbi za ta podruËju i za njihovu organi- care for these areas and their organisation. Biosphere zaciju. Rezervati biosfere nisu zaπtiÊena podruËja u reserves are not conservation areas in the classical sense, klasiËnome smislu, nego sjedinjuju zaπtitu, istraæivanja i but combine conservation, research and regional devel- regionalni razvoj. U njima surauju tijela za upravljanje opment. They involve cooperation among administrative zaπtiÊenim podruËjem, opÊine i korisnici, kako bi se bodies for the protected areas, users and communes, so postigao optimalan regionalni razvoj. Za prostorno as to achieve the optimum regional development. For planiranje bitna je podjela na srediπnje, tamponske i land planning or zoning, the division into central, buffer tranzicijske zone. Samo se prve dvije zone, u skladu sa and transition zones is essential. Only the first two zones zakonskim propisima zemlje, moraju voditi kao in line with the legal provisions of the country have to be zaπtiÊena podruËja. handled as protected areas.

Kako bi se ostvarili ti ciljevi, predlaæu se sljedeÊe mjere: In order to achieve these aims, the following measures • Poplavna podruËja Save, Kupe, Sunje i Odre ujedin- are proposed: juju se sa svojim vrijednim kulturno-povijesnim seli- • The floodplain areas of the Sava, Kupa, Sunja and ma u park prirode ili u rezervat biosfere, prema Odra should be united with their valuable villages meunarodnim kriterijima. (from the point of view of culture history) into a • Pritom se poplavne povrπine, po uzoru na park nature park or a biosphere reserve in line with inter- prirode Lonjsko polje, stavljaju pod zaπtitu, a sela se national criteria. ujedinjuju u tzv. tranzicijsku zonu. • In this, the floodplains, along the Lonjsko Polje •U buduÊnosti Êe se Ëitavo podruËje razviti u skladu s Nature Park model, are placed under protection, and prijedlozima za srediπnje podruËje i na meunarod- the villages are united in a so-called transition zone. nom træiπtu predstaviti i promovirati kao turistiËki • In the future, the whole area will be developed in line proizvod. with proposals for the core area and will be present- • DugoroËno gledano, za Ëitavo podruËje nastojat Êe se ed and promoted on the international market as ishoditi status svjetske kulturne baπtine. To je oprav- tourist products. dan cilj, buduÊi da su dijelovi koji se nalaze izvan • Looked at long term, for the whole area, one should zaπtiÊenoga parka prirode Lonjsko polje jednaki, ako endeavour to win the status of world cultural her- ne Ëak i autentiËniji, gledaju li se s motriπta stupnja itage. This is a justified objective since parts that lie oËuvanosti kulturnoga krajobraza i sela. outside the protected Lonjsko Polje Nature Park area are of equal or more value if one looks at them from the point of view of degree of preservation of the cultural landscape and the village.

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11.5 Ugroæene, privlaËne vrste ptica u susjednom podruËju ol 2 (8) Cambridge and Parks of Nature) importance in Croatia and Parks of Nature)

alnog (nacionalni i parkovi prirode) znaËaja u Hrvatskoj Izvor: Heath M. F.; Evans, M. I. (2003) Important Bird Areas - Priority sites for conservation. BirdLife Conservation Series. V Areas - Priority sites for conservation. BirdLife Conservation Series. Evans, M. I. (2003) Important Bird Izvor: Heath M. F.; Natural areas important at the international (important bird areas, Ramsar convention, Biosphere reserv) and nacional (national reserv) Ramsar convention, Biosphere areas, important at the international (important bird Natural areas ablica 11.2.: Prirodna podruËja od meunarodnog (vaæna ornitoloπka podruËja, Ramsarska konvencija, rezervat biosfere) i nacion ablica 11.2.: T

Bilten parka prirode 91 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

11.6 Prirodna podruËja od meunarodnog i nacionalnog znaËenja u Hrvatskoj

Slika 11.6. Important Bird Areas (Vaæna ornitoloπka podruËja) Prirodna podruËja od meunarodnog (vaæna ornitoloπka podruËja, Ramsarska konvencija, rezervat biosfere) i nacionalnog (nacionalni i parkovi prirode) znaËajna u Hrvatskoj / Important Bird Areas (IBA)

Legenda vidi tab. 11.4

92 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina ablica 11.3. Ptice kao pokazatelji ekoloπkog potenciajla poplavnog podruËja Save i moguÊnosti njihovog oËuvanja. ablica 11.3. T Erhaltung. Dissertation and der Universität Konstanz, erschienen 1995 im Natuererbe Verlag Jürgen Resch, Überlingen Jürgen Verlag Erhaltung. Dissertation and der Universität Konstanz, erschienen 1995 im Natuererbe Izvor: Schneider-Jacoby, M. (1993) Vögel als Indikatoren für das ökologische Potential der Saveauen und Möglichkeiten deren M. (1993) Izvor: Schneider-Jacoby,

Bilten parka prirode 93 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina n Erhaltung. Dissertation and der Universität Konstanz, erschienen 1995 im Natuererbe Verlag Jürgen Resch, Überlingen Jürgen Verlag Erhaltung. Dissertation and der Universität Konstanz, erschienen 1995 im Natuererbe able 11.3. Birds as indicators of the ecological potential of the flooded area along Sava and posibilities for their protectio as indicators of the ecological potential flooded area Birds able 11.3. T Izvor: Schneider-Jacoby, M. (1993) Vögel als Indikatoren für das ökologische Potential der Saveauen und Möglichkeiten deren M. (1993) Izvor: Schneider-Jacoby, aterfowl Ca 80,000 birds Flood plains, reservoirs, fishponds SpeciesCormorantPygmy CormorantBlack StorkWhite StorkGrey HeronPurple heron 5 pairsLittle egret Nesting birds About 300 pairsSpoonbillNight heron Over 120 pairsFerruginous duck Over 700 pairs pairsWhiskered tern 1100 About 20 pairsCorncrake About 2,000 Migrant birdsW 100 to 200 pairs Up to 70 in a flock About 580 pairs 70 to 180 pairs Over 200 pairs Comment / habitat Up to 1000 pairs Population depends on height of water Riparian forests, also hunts in inundated meadows Up to 400 in a flock 400 to 500 pairs Up to 5000 in a line Up to 400 in a flock Up to Colony in Krapje –ol A new bird in Krapje –ol 2002 Fishponds of Crna Mlaka, Lipoljani ‡ greatest concentration in Europe Colony of spoonbills in K–, hunts meadows and fishponds Many stork villages, eg »igoË, Lonja, D. KupËina Almost all in Krapje –ol 7 colonies e.g. by ©aπi and Lipovljani Krapje –ol spoonbill colony Poganovo polje and fishponds Great meadows, eg. by Sunjska Greda White-tailed eagleLesser spotted eagleKingfisherWoodpeckerMiddle Spotted Grey-headed woodpecker Ca 30 pairs Over 4,500 pairsLesser Grey Shrike About 50 pairsRed backed Shrike Over 1000 pairsStonechatCollared Flycatcher Over 100 pairsHoopoe Over 30 pairsRaven Over 2000 pairs Up to 10 in a flock Over 10,000 pairs Fishponds and floodplains Ca 5,000 pairs Over 100 pairs Characteristic of oak forest but population falling About 100 pairsVeliko, meadows, like at Jasenovac and Kraljevo Large Riparian forests On all watercourses Open cultural landscape Up to 50 in a flock Cultural landscape with hedges Characteristic of oak forest Riparian forests Meadows Pastureland and orchards in surrounding villages

94 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

11.7 Popis autora fotografija 11.7 Photographic credits

Sve fotografije, osim na naslovnici autor JUPPLP, str. All photographs, except for cover: LP Public Service, for 12 (lijevo dolje) i str. 28 (sredina) autor Engel/Creatop p. 12 (b.l.) and p. 28 (c.): Engel/Creatop, p. 60 (c.): str. 60 (sredina) autor Robbrecht/Euronatur i str. 18 (sre- Robbrecht/Euronatur and p. 18 (c.t.): Behr/Euronatur dina gore) autor Behr/Euronatur su od autora Schneider- are by Martin Schneider/Jacoby, Euronature. Jacoby/Euronatur.

Bilten parka prirode 95 Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Regionalni koncept za Lonjsko Polje / Posavina Regional concept for the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park - Posavina

11.8 Izvori i citati / Sources and citations

1 Svjetska turistiËka organizacija, “Enhancing the Economic Benefits of Tourism for local Communities and Poverty Alleviation”, Madrid 2002.; “Sport & Tourism”, Barcelona 2001.

2 The European Commission: Study on: Using natural and cultural heritage for the development of sustainable tourism in non-traditional tourist destinations

3 Heath & Evan (2000.): Important Bird Areas in Europe (Vaæna staniπta ptica u Europi)

4 ©kotska na primjer inscenira u Ëitavoj zemlji dogaaje i legende koji se odnose na Mariju Stuart i princa Charlesa (Bonny Prince Charles) te ih meusobno povezuje.

5 Croatian Waters & JICA, Japan (2001.) The study of water pollution reduction in the Sava River Basin in the Republic of Croatia.

6 Pregled se moæe vidjeti na turistiËkoj karti parka prirode Lonjsko polje

7 »avrak, Vladimir (2002): Povijesna retrospektiva gospodarskog razvitka Æupanije sisaËko-moslavaËke ‡ pouke za sadaπnjost i buduÊnost. 4.-5. travnja, Sisak

8 Dræavna uprava za zaπtitu kulturne i prirodne baπtine (1996.): Povijesna naselja, katalog 1; Uprava za zaπtitu kulturne baπtine (2001.):Povijesna naselja ‡ Lonjsko Polje

9 Gradski muzej Sisak: LonËarstvo (1998.), Pletarstvo i koπarstvo (2000.) i Æivot na vodi (2001.)

10 Schneider-Jacoby, M. (1992): Kroatien: Ökoterrorismus an der Militärgrenze - Die ökologischen Folgen des Jugoslawienkrieges. Ökozid extra: Klassenfeind Natur - Die Umweltkatastrophe in Osteuropa, Focus Verlag: 113 - 130.

11 Schneider-Jacoby, M. (1994): Effects of the war on the Naturpark Lonjsko Polje. Proceedings of the Conference in Zagreb, April 1993, Kemija u industriji 43: 151-159 (1994).

12 Schneider-Jacoby, M. (2002): Lack of Ferruginous Duck protection in Croatia - A reason for the decline in Central Europe. Proceedings of the CMS ‡ BirdLife International Ferruginous Duck Workshop, Sofia.

13 Schneider-Jacoby, M. (2001): Natural or Cultural Heritage? - The Impact of War on the Landscape and Biological Diversity, GIS Forum Croatia, Zagreb: 450 ‡ 462

14 BrundiÊ, D., BarbaliÊ, D.; OmerbegoviÊ, V; Schneider-Jacoby, M.; TusiÊ, Z. (2001.) Alluvial Wetlands Preservation in Croatia - The Experience of the Central Sava Basin Flood Control System. In: River Restoration in Europe: 109 ‡ 118.

15 IUCN/WCPA (2002): Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas ‡ Guidelines for Planning and Management. Best Practice Series 8, Cambridge

16 U NjemaËkoj je npr. veliku pozornost pobudio televizijski film „Na obalama Save“ koji je postaja Bayrischer Rundfunk emitirala u studenom 2002. godine

96 Bilten parka prirode Lonjsko polje Nature Park Bulletin Vol.2/No. 1, 2000. Ogledni projekt ureenje prometa Ogledni projekt Sisak Ogledni projekt sustav posjeÊivanja Ogledni projekt sustav posavskih sela Ogledni projekt ureenje posavske kuÊe Ogledni projekt ureenje posavske kuÊe Ogledni projekt prirodni turizam Ogledni projekt viπenamjensko ureenje πaranskih ribnjaka