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Procjena Dobrobiti Zaštićenih Područja (PA-BAT) U Hrvatskoj SADRŽAJ Fan Widstrand

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Procjena Dobrobiti Zaštićenih Područja (PA-BAT) U Hrvatskoj SADRŽAJ Fan Widstrand REPORT ADRIA 2017 Procjena dobrobiti zaštićenih područja (PA-BAT) u Hrvatskoj SADRŽAJ fan Widstrand UVOD 4 METODOLOGIJA 4 REZULTATI I RASPRAVA 7 GLAVNE EKONOMSKE VRIJEDNOSTI 12 TURIZAM 14 VODA 17 Promatranje ptica sve je češća turistička atrakcija u zaštićenim područjima © Staf RADNA MJESTA I ZAŠTITA PRIRODE 18 ŠUMARSTVO 21 TIJEK PRIHODA DIONICIMA 22 ZAŠTIĆENIH PODRUČJA GLAVNI POTENCIJALI 24 VAŽNOST DIJALOGA S DIONICIMA 27 IZAZOVI 28 ZAKLJUČAK 38 Izdavač: WWF Adria, Budmanijeva 5, 10 000 Zagreb, Hrvatska Za izdavača: Martin Šolar, direktor WWF Adria Autorice: Andrea Štefan i Kasandra-Zorica Ivanić Fotografija na naslovnoj stranici: Nacionalni park Kornati © Novena d.o.o. Dizajn: Ivan Antunović Kontakt: [email protected] [email protected] Tiskano na ekološki prihvatljivom papiru Veljača, 2017. Uvod Vizija je WWF-a1 osigurati da valjana procjena vrijednosti zaštićenih Sudionici radionica uz pomoć te metodologije ocjenjuju ekonomske područja rezultira većim interesom, kvalitetnijim investicijama i i neekonomske/egzistencijalne vrijednosti (zadovoljavanje osnovnih boljom očuvanosti prirodnih vrijednosti. Procjena usluga ekosusta- životnih potreba) u smislu njihovih dobrobiti za razne dionike/kori- va koje pružaju zaštićena područja dugoročno je važna za lokalno i snike. Dobrobiti se ocjenjuju na šest mogućih razina: nema dobrobiti, nacionalno gospodarstvo. Potrebne su godine rada na utvrđivanju mala ili značajna egzistencijalna dobrobit, mala ili značajna ekonomska vrijednosti, uključivanju ključnih donositelja odluka, promjeni dobrobit i potencijalna dobrobit. politika i razvoja gospodarskih modela u čije su razvojne planove uključene prirodne vrijednosti. WWF je izradio procjenu koja može PA-BAT je osmišljen kako bi ga koristili upravljači zaštićenih područja pružiti početnu informaciju o stavu dionika o stvarnim i potencijal- te kako bi u suradnji s ostalim dionicima odredili važne vrijednosti i nim vrijednostima zaštićenih područja, a s ciljem što skorije integra- dobrobiti koje one donose dionicima. Za zemlje koje su dio Dinarskog cije prirodnih vrijednosti i usluga ekosustava u upravljačke i razvojne luka utvrđeno je osam skupina dionika: lokalno stanovništvo koje živi dokumente. unutar zaštićenog područja, lokalno stanovništvo koje živi u okolici zaštićenog područja, nacionalno stanovništvo, znanstvenici/stručnjaci, WWF je u Hrvatskoj surađivao s Državnim zavodom za zaštitu priro- organizacije civilnog društva, država/upravljač zaštićenog područja, de, sada Hrvatska agencija za zaštitu okoliša i prirode, Ministarstvom poslovni sektor, međunarodna zajednica. Analiza kombinira procjenu zaštite okoliša i prirode te s koordinatorima u 18 zaštićenih područja sudionika na radionicama i informacije koje su u postupku provjere (ZP). podataka prikupljene od koordinatora PA-BAT radionica u zaštićenim područjima i stručnjaka. Nakon svake radionice provedena je anketa Hrvatska ima najveću površinu zaštićenih područja u regiji, ukupno među sudionicima, čime se također dobila vrijedna povratna infor- 8,56% površine Republike Hrvatske, odnosno 12,23% kopnenog macija. Razvijene su smjernice kako bi se pružila podrška upravljanju teritorija i 1,94% teritorijalnoga mora. PA-BAT procjena2 u Hrvat- parkovima pri korištenju rezultata PA-BAT-a. skoj provedena je u najvećem broju zaštićenih područja u usporedbi s ostalim zemljama u regiji, ukupno je 97 % nacionalnih parkova i Koraci u provedbi PA-BAT-a: parkova prirode Hrvatske je vrednovano (osam nacionalnih parkova i 10 parkova prirode). 1. imenovanje koordinatora PA-BAT-a u zaštićenom području i prikupljanje osnovnih podataka o zaštićenom području; 2. radionice u zaštićenom području (tehničke specifikacije, detaljne bilješke, ankete provedene s dionicima); 3. provjera podataka (nakon radionice); Metodologija 4. analiza podataka (na razini zaštićenog područja, nacionalnoj i međunarodnoj razini); 5. smjernice o tome kako primjenjivati rezultate PA-BAT-a i 3 Metodologija procjene dobrobiti zaštićenih područja važan je alat za 6. provedba preporuka utvrđivanje čitavog niza trenutačnih i potencijalnih dobrobiti poje- dinih zaštićenih područja, uključujući izazove u pogledu upravljanja njima. 1 Projekt „Parkovi Dinarskog luka“ (Dinaric Arc Parks - DAP) provodi WWF u regiji Dinarskog luka. Glavni cilj projekta jest unapređenje kvalitete dijaloga, razumijevanja i PA-BAT metodologija procjenjuje 22 legalne vrijednosti koje ostva- suradnje među djelatnicima zaštićenih područja u Dinarskom luku (Albanija, Bosna i ruju zaštićena područja. Vrijednosti su organizirane u devet glavnih Hercegovina, Hrvatska, Kosovo*, Republika Makedonija, Crna Gora, Srbija i Slovenija). skupina: zaštita prirode, upravljanje zaštićenim područjem, prehra- *Imenovanje je bez predrasuda na poziciju ili status te u skladu s UNSCR 1244/99 i mišljenjem Međunarodnog suda pravde o Deklaraciji o nezavisnosti Kosova. na, voda, kultura i povijest, zdravlje i rekreacija, znanje, regulatorne 2 http://adria.panda.org/dinarski_luk/zatiena_podruja_za_prirodu_i_ljude/ usluge ekosustava i prirodni materijali. 3 http://bit.ly/216CbDi 4 Procjena dobrobiti zaštićenih područja u Hrvatskoj Procjena dobrobiti zaštićenih područja u Hrvatskoj 5 Rezultati i rasprava Uz pomoć PA-BAT-a provedena je procjena vrijednosti i dobrobiti zaštićenih područja za svih osam nacionalnih parkova i deset parkova prirode (osim Parka prirode Učka) u Hrvatskoj, i to putem radionica na kojima je bilo više od 700 sudionika, koji su predstavljali različite skupine korisnika te aktivno pridonijeli procjeni. Turizam i rekreacija Zaštita prirode Specifična obilježja Radionica u NP Mljet © Andrea Štefan / WWF Adria Andrea Štefan / WWF Mljet © Radionica u NP Kulturne i povijesne vrijednosti Istraživanje i nadogradnja znanja Formalna i neformalna edukacija Kvaliteta i količina vode Nekomercijalna upotreba vode Tradicionalna poljoprivreda Šumarstvo Ribarstvo Zapošljavanje u zaštićenom području Genetski materijal Lov Oprašivanje i proizvodnja meda Stočarstvo Samoniklo jestivo bilje i gljive Ljekovito bilje PA-BAT radionica u NP Kornati © Andrea Štefan / WWF Adria Andrea Štefan / WWF Kornati © radionica u NP PA-BAT Stabilizacija tla Obrana od poplava Prirodni materijali Ublažavanje klimatskih promjena 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Broj zaštićenih područja Slika 2. Raspodjela Legenda egzistencijalnih vrijednosti različitim skupinama Mala egzistencijalna vrijednost dionika zaštićenih područja Značajna egzistencijalna vrijednost U današnje vrijeme zaštićena bi područja, osim održavanja njihovih prirodnih vrijednosti, trebala obavljati brojne druge funkcije. U ana- lizi rezultata s radionica istaknute su ključne dobrobiti i potencijali te izazovi u zaštićenim područjima Hrvatske. Na slici 2. prikazan je čitav niz procijenjenih dobrobiti zaštićenih po- dručja koje su od egzistencijalnog značaja (malene i velike važnosti) barem za jednu skupinu dionika. Značajne egzistencijalne dobrobiti NACIONALNI PARK u ZP-u za dionike, prije svega lokalnu zajednicu, su sljedeće: turizam i rekreacija, zaštita prirode, specifična obilježja (prepoznatljivost po- KRKA I PARK PRIRODE sebnih obilježja zaštićenog područja) i druge nematerijalne vrijedno- PAPUK KLJUČNI sti (kultura i povijest, znanje/istraživanje, edukacija). of Europe, Maurizio Biancarelli, WWF Nacionalni park Plitvička jezera © Wild Wonders SU ZA OPSKRBU Priroda kojom se dobro upravlja rezultira većim uvažava- PITKOM VODOM U njem i povećanom kvalitetom prirodnog okoliša, što privla- či turiste i osigurava radna mjesta. ŠIBENSKO-KNINSKOJ I POŽEŠKO-SLAVON- Čista pitka voda kao prirodni resurs jako je važna za zadovolja- SKOJ ŽUPANIJI vanje osnovnih životnih potreba za lokalnu zajednicu u osam ZP-ova4 kao i usluga ekosustava koja ta područja pružaju. Rad- na mjesta u pet zaštićenih područja ocijenjena su kao vrlo važna za egzistenciju lokalnog stanovništva. Tradicionalna poljoprivreda i stočarstvo, ribarstvo i proizvodnja meda (kao nusproizvod oprašivanja) važni su za lokalne zajed- nice u više od 70 % procijenjenih ZP-ova za vlastite potrebe, ali i za ostvarivanje prihoda jer redovno zadovoljavanje osnovnih životnih potreba lokalnih zajednica jednako je važno kao i gos- podarska korist. Te vrijednosti uključuju drvo, samoniklo jestivo bilje i gljive, ljekovi- to bilje, genetski materijal (autohtone sorte i pasmine), kulturološke vrijednosti i tradicionalno znanje. 8 Procjena dobrobiti zaštićenih područja u Hrvatskoj Zaštićena područja nisu prepoznata kao pružatelji regulatornih uslu- ga ekosustava jer ih većina korisnika nije svjesna. Takve se usluge uzimaju zdravo za gotovo, uz iznimku kvalitete i količine vode te Park prirode Kopački rit © Mario Romulić oprašivanja. Zbog visoke kvalitete staništa, voda ima ekonomsku vri- jednost za poslovni sektor i državu u osam ZP-ova5 (44 %). Oprašiva- nje se u 10 ZP-ova6 (55%) povezuje isključivo s proizvodnjom meda, a važnost oprašivanja za poljoprivredu nije prepoznata. Ekonomsku vrijednost od proizvodnje meda u ZP-u ima lokalna zajednica i udru- PRI PRIPREMI ge pčelara. Jedinu iznimku čini Park prirode Kopački rit, gdje sektor poljoprivrede (suradnja s Belje d.d.) izravno ostvaruje dobrobiti od STRATEGIJA ZA oprašivanja kukcima iz tog zaštićenog područja. ZAŠTITU PRIRODE I ODRŽIV RAZVOJ, Najveći kompleksi prirodnih i očuvanih poplavnih DONOSITELJI ODLUKA nizinskih šuma Europe upravo su na području parkova prirode Lonjsko polje i Kopački rit, koji imaju važnu TREBALI BI U OBZIR međunarodnu ulogu kao prirodno retencijsko područ- UZETI OBJE VRIJED- je u sustavu obrane od poplava. NOSTI, EGZISTENCI-
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