THE AUK A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY

VoL. 107 APRIL 1990 No. 2

CERCOMACRA MANU, A NEW SPECIES OF FROM SOUTHWESTERN AMAZONIA

JOHN W. FITZPATRICK• AND DAVID E. WILLARD FieldMuseum of Natural History,Chicago, Illinois 60605 USA

ABSTRACT.--Cercomacramanu is a distinctive new speciesin the family Formicariidae.The speciesis distributed locally in southeasternPeru and adjacentBolivia at elevationsbelow 1,200 meters. C. manuis secretiveand restricted largely to extensivebamboo thickets. The female is gray below; this unusualfeature--along with other plumageand vocal character- istics--placesC. manuwithin a speciesgroup that containsfour other, allopatricSouth Amer- ican taxa. We suggestthat manuis closestto C. melanariaof easternBolivia and Mato Grosso, Brazil. Received7 March 1989,accepted 23 October1989.

IN 1975 we encountered an unusual antbird Cercomacra manu sp. nov. several times in mist nets set among dense ri- parian vegetation near the Manu River, well inside the Manu National Park of southeastern Holotype.--Field Museum of Natural History Peru(Terbargh et al. 1984).We tentativelyiden- no. 310653; adult female (skull 80% pneuma- tified thesebirds as Cercomacra nigricans, a species tized), taken 12 river km downstream from then thought to occurin the Amazon basin on Shintuya on left bank of Alto Rio Madre de the basisof one specimentaken by J. A. Feduc- Dias, Dept. Madre de Dias, Peru, 12ø33'S, cia and J. P. O'Neill at Balta,Department Ucay- 71ø17'W,elevation 420 m; collected 17 August ali, Peru, in 1964 (LSUMZ 34211; O'Neill 1969). 1980 by John W. Fitzpatrick, field number 80- Becausethe collection of specimensinside the 221. Manu National Park is prohibited, our identi- Diagnosis.--Medium-sizedantbird, identifi- fication could not be confirmed. able asCercomacra by graduatedtail with white- Subsequentlywe obtained other specimens tipped rectrices,long bill with broad baseand of this antbird during intensivesurveys of the slightly hooked tip, and gray-bellied female lower Manu River, the banks of the Alto Madre plumage.Within the gray-belliedspecies group de Dias River, and adjacentAndean foothills. (seebelow), manufemales are unique in having These specimens confirm that these are dull olive crown and dorsal plumage, rather membersof a distinctive new speciesof Cerco- than blackish or grayish upperparts. Males are macra,to which the Baltaspecimen also belongs. extremely similar to C. nigricans,carbonaria, rne- The speciesis virtually restrictedto dense bam- lanaria,and ferdinandi,but are dark sooty gray boo thickets,as discussedmore fully below. to dull blackrather than deep, glossyblack over most of their plumage.Flank plumes are dark gray, and suffusedwith olive in some speci- mens, rather than pure black as in the other • Presentaddress: Archbold BiologicalStation, Box similar species.White tips of rectrices,though 2057, Lake Placid, Florida 33852 USA. variable, are narrower than in nigricans,ferdi-

239 The Auk 107: 239-245. April 1990 FRONTISPIECE.Male and female Manu (Cercomacramanu on bamboo). In smaller scale are females of the four other closelyrelated species (top to bottom:nigricans, carbonaria, ferdinandi, and melanaria).All five speciesare placed in their respectiveregions of northwesternSouth America, with the Amazon River shown for reference.Guache by John W. Fitzpatrick. 240 FITZPATRICKAND WILLARD [Auk,Vol. 107 nandi,and carbonaria.Rictal, loral, and supraor- but almost certainly occursin proper habitat in bital bristles are longer, stiffer, and more nu- the state of Acre (Parker and Reinsen 1987). merousin manuthan in the four related species; Etymology.--We are pleased to name this the longest are 6-8 mm and have basal barbs. species in honor of the Manu National Park, All five membersof this speciesgroup are al- one of the most important reservoirsof biolog- lopatric (see below). ical diversity on earth. Encompassingnearly 1.5 Descriptionof holotype.--Overallappearance is million hectaresof pristine rain forest, cloud "two-toned," with olive-brown above and neu- forest,and puna grassland,the park protectsthe tral gray below. Crown, dorsum,and outer webs richest avifauna in the world. To date more than of remiges dull olive-brown, between Olive 870 speciesare recordedfrom the vicinity (Color 30) and Olive-Green (Color 48; capital- of the park. The total specieswithin the park ized colors are from Smithe [1975, 1981]). Con- is probably near 1,000. By honoring the histor- cealed interscapularpatch white. Marginal co- ical and present-dayimportance of this region verts from shoulder to wrist white, producing and park, we also honor the efforts of the Pe- a semiconcealedwhite "shoulder patch." Wing ruvian government and the World Wildlife linings white; lesserand median secondaryco- Fund in protecting it for future generations. verts black, broadly tipped white; greater sec- Cercomacramanu is a regular inhabitant of ex- ondarycoverts, primary coverts,and alula dusky tensive bamboo thickets at lower elevations in brown, tipped white and with outer margins the Manu region. olive like back. Tail graduated; rectrices uni- Specimensexamined.--We examined the fol- formly dark gray-brown, closest to Blackish lowing specimensfrom Museu de Zoologia, Neutral Gray (Color 82), eachnarrowly tipped Universidade de Sao Paulo (MZUSP), Museu with white crescent, broadest on outermost Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ), Field Museum (shortest)pair and reduced to a few white barbs of Natural History (FMNH), Academyof Nat- at the tips of the central pair. Eyering, lores, ural Scienceof Philadelphia (ANSP), American cheeks,and entire underpartsuniform neutral Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Los An- gray, between Medium and Dark Neutral Gray geles County Museum of Natural History (Colors84 and 83);chin and throat slightly pal- (LACM), and Louisiana State University Mu- er, faintly streakedwith whitish; long flank seumof NaturalScience (LSUMZ): plumes gray, suffusedwith dull olive. Long, C. manu (14 males, 10 females): Peru--Dept. black rictal bristlesabout eyes,face and gape. Ucayali:Balta (LSUMZ 18);Dept. Madre de Dios: Softpart colorsin life: irisespale sandybrown, Cerro de Pantiacolla,E slope, 5 km NNE Shin- maxilla black, mandible silvery gray mottled tuya (FMNH 18, 19); Alto Rio Madre de Dios, darkish;tarsi and feet pale gray. left bank: 17 km downstream from Shintuya Measurementsof holotype(mm).--Wing chord (FMNH 18 [plus 1 skeleton, 1 in alcohol], 29), 64.0, central rectrices 66.5, outermost rectrices 12 km downstreamfrom Shintuya (FMNH 46.0, culmen from base 19.0, culmen from an- 10 km downstreamfrom Shintuya (FMNH 127 terior edge of nostril 10.0, tarsus 22.0; mass in alcohol), 7 km downstream from Shintuya 17.0 g. (FMNH 18); Rio Palotoa, left bank, 12 km from Distribution.--Cercomacramanu occurs (Fig. 1) mouth (FMNH 187); ridge above Hacienda locally in bamboo thickets and associatedhab- Amazonia (FMNH 18, 19); lower Rio Manu, left itats in the lowlands and lower Andean slopes bank (AMNH 18, 19); Dept. Cuzco: Consuelo (up to 1,200 m, above Pilcopata, Dept. Cusco) (kin #165), 17 road km above Pilcopata (FMNH of southeastern Peru, and extreme northwest- 19). Bolivia--Dept. Pando: 2 km W Porvenir ern Bolivia along the Rio Tahuamanu(2 km W (LSUMZ 28 [plus 1 skeleton], 19 [plus 197 in Porvenir, Dept. Pando, 300 m). The northern- alcohol]). most recordis the single specimenfrom Balta, C. melanaria (30 males, 8 females): Brazil-- Dept. Ucayali. The speciesis regularly encoun- Mato Grosso:Agua Biancade Corumba (AMNH tered in bamboo along the banks of the Rio 18); Faz. San Juan, R. Cuyaba (AMNH 28, 19); Manu and the Rio Madre de Dios. Numerous Cuiaba (MZUSP 18); Descalvados (FMNH 28; sight recordsexist from the TambopataReserve AMNH 18; ANSP 28, 19); rio Sao Lorenzo near Puerto Maldonado, and from the Rio Heath (AMNH 28, 19); Chapada (AMNH 19); Porta Es- at the Bolivian border (T. A. Parker III pers. peranza (MZUSP 18); Miranda (MZUSP 28, 19); comm.). The speciesis not recordedfrom Brazil, R. Paraguay(MZUSP 18);Xarqueada Ottilia, R. April 1990] NewAmazonian Antbird 241

nigricans

".'y'•

•T;•..,•' carbonaria

ferdinandi

"; melanaria.,.•• Fig. 1. NorthwesternSouth America and the Amazon drainagebasin, showing distributions in the "Cer- comacranigricans" species group: nigricans (hatched areas), carbonaria (squares), ferdinandi (diamonds), melanaria (triangles),and manu(closed circles = specimenlocalities, open circles = sightrecords). Northernmost plotted locality for ferdinandiis uncertain(see text).

Paraguay (MNRJ 1•5);Rio Piquiri (MNRJ 1•5); C. nigricans:more than 100 specimens,from Porto Esperidi•o (MNRJ 1•5);Salobra (MZUSP Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Middle Amer- 1•5, MNRJ 1•); Caceres (MZUSP 1•); Santo ica. Antonio (MZUSP 1•5,1•). Bolivia--Dept. Santa Cruz: Buena Vista (LSUMZ 1•5);Isama (LSUMZ REMARKS 1•); Dept. Beni: Rio Yacuma, 2 km from mouth (AMNH 1•5);Rio Tijamuchi, 4 km from mouth Male plumage.--Asdiscussed below, manube- (AMNH 1•5);Laguna Suarez, 5 km SW of Trin- longs to a speciesgroup in which male plum- idad (FMNH 1•5);6 road km SE of Trinidad ages are extremely similar. Males of all five (LSUMZ 1•5[alcohol], 1•); Dept. Cochabamba: speciesare black all over, with white interscap- mouthof Rio Chapare(ANSP 2•5);Todos Santos, ular patchesand white tips to all rectrices,wing Rio Chapare (ANSP 1•5). coverts,and wrists. Marginal coverts,wing lin- C. carbonaria(11 males, 3 females): Brazil-- ings, and innermostedges of secondariesalso Roraima:Rio Mucajai,S of BoaVista (LACM 6•5, are white, not visible on the folded wing. The 2•; FMNH 2•5;MZUSP 1•5);Ilha S•o Jose, Rio body plumage in manu, palest of the species Branco(FMNH 1•); Forte do Rio Branco(AMNH group, actually is extremely dark, neutral gray, 1•5);Caracarahy, Rio Branco (AMNH 1•5). somewhat paler about the face, flank plumes, C. ferdinandi(6 males, 6 females):Brazil-- and crissum. Males are most similar to melanaria Goiaz: Ilha do Bananal (MZUSP 1•); Santa Isabel in both plumage and size. The most definitive do Morro, Ilha do Bananal (MNRJ 1•5,1•); Furo distinguishing characters between males of de Pedra, Ilha do Bananal (MNRJ 4•5,3•); Ara- these two speciesare tarsus lengths, in which guatins (MZUSP 1•5,1•). the ranges are nonoverlapping (Table 1), and 242 FITZPATRICKAND WILLARD [Auk, Vol. 107

TAI•Lœ1. Measurements(mm) of five speciesof Cercomacrain "nigricans"species-group. a

Culmen Longest Shortest Species Wing chord rectrix rectrix Tarsus From base From nares Males manu(10) 70.7 _+1.7 71.5 + 3.7 42.4 _+3.2 23.0 + 0.9 20.7 + 1.2 10.5 + 1.0 (67.0-72.5) (65.5-79.0) (38.5-49.0) (21.5-23.7) (19.5-22.5) (9.0-11.5) melanaria(24) 70.7 + 1.8 73.0 + 3.6 44.5 + 1.9 26.3 + 0.8 20.0 + 0.9 10.2 + 0.6 (67.0-74.5) (66.0-81.0) (41.0-48.0) (24.5-27.5) (18.0-22.0) (9.5-11.5) carbonaria(11) 67.5 + 1.0 64.0 + 2.7 40.8 + 1.8 23.4 + 0.6 20.2 + 0.4 10.7 + 0.1 (66.0-69.0) (59.5-67.0) (38.0-43.5) (22.5-24.5) (19.5-20.5) (10.5-11.0) ferdinandi(5) 69.2 _+1.6 68.3 + 2.4 42.5 24.0 19.6+ 0.7 10.7+ 0.4 (67.0-71.0) (64.5-71.0) (n = 1) (n = 2) (18.5-20.5) (10.0-11.0) nigricans(10) 68.2 + 2.4 63.4 + 1.8 38.7 + 2.4 23.2 + 0.8 20.4 + 0.6 10.7+ 0.2 (65.0-73.0) (61.0-65.5) (33.5-42.0) (22.0-24.0) (19.5-21.5) (10.5-11.0) Females manu(8) 63.7 -+ 1.0 62.9 + 2.9 40.7 + 2.7 21.6 + 0.5 19.2 + 0.5 9.2 + 0.5 (62.5-72.5) (59.5-66.5) (37.5-45.5) (21.0-22.5) (18.5-19.5) (8.0-10.0) melanaria(5) 65.7 + 1.0 68.3 + 3.0 40.8 + 1.1 25.4 + 0.6 19.2 + 0.9 9.6 + 0.3 (64.5-67.0) (65.5-72.5) (39.5-42.0) (24.5-26.0) (18.5-20.0) (9.5-10.0) carbonaria(3) 63.8 + 2.4 64.1 + 5.0 35.0 23.1 + 0.1 18.9 + 0.3 10.3 + 0.3 (62.0-66.5) (60.5-70.0) (n = 1) (23.0-23.2) (18.5-19.0) (10.0-10.5) ferdinandi(4) 64.5_+ 2.5 62.6+ 4.5 37.0 21.5 17.4+ 0.9 9.9 + 0.5 (61.0-67.0) (56.0-66.0) (n = 1) (n = 1) (16.5-18.5) (9.5-10.5) nigricans(12) 62.9+ 1.4 60.1+ 3.0 37.3+ 2.4 22.6+ 0.7 19.1+ 1.1 9.9 + 0.4 (60.5-65.5) (56.5-63.0) (33.0-40.5) (21.5-24.0) (17.5-21.0) (9.0-10.5) Mean ñ standarddeviation, range in parentheses;sample sizes for eachsex follow speciesnames. rictal bristle development(see Diagnosis,and in the width of white tips on rectrices,though below). Overall, the amount of white on the in all casesthese tips are broadest on the out- wings and tail in manuis similar to melanaria ermost (shortest) two pairs and narrowest on but reducedcompared to C. nigricans,carbonaria, the central pair. In females the white tips are and ferdinandi.White tips on rectricesare rela- consistantlynarrower than in males,form cres- tively narrow, averagingca. 2-3 mm (range 1.0- cents rather than oval- or diamond-shaped 5.0 ram). White tips of wing coverts are con- patches,and sometimesare reducedto tracesof fined to the terminal 1-1.5 ram, and do not ex- white about the end of the rachis. Pale tips to tend up the outer margins.The alula has a white wing coverts in some females are buffy-olive tip, but lackswhite on outer margin. Scapulars rather than white. Featherson the belly of sev- are blackishand virtually lackwhite on margins eral femalespecimens are edgedwith pale gray, or tips. Outermostone or two remiges on most giving a pale wash to the underparts. males are narrowly edged whitish (absent in One male (FMNH no. 322003),with unpneu- rnelanaria,present in carbonaria,ferdinandi, and matizedskull and tiny, translucenttestes, closely most nigricans).Compared with all other taxa in resembles adult females, and is olive-brown the , facial bristles in manuare more nu- above and neutral gray below. Its median and merous,elongated (up to 8 mm), and stiflened lessercoverts are narrowly tipped buffy-olive. about the gape, lores, and especiallythe ante- The rectricesare long and pointed, with narrow rior supraorbitalregion. Soft part colorsin life: white tips rather than the more extensive oval irises dark brown; maxilla and mandible black; patchestypical of adult males. Measurements tarsus and feet black. are similar to those of adult males. This speci- Variation.--Males of manu are ca. 10% larger men presumablyis in juvenal plumage. than females (Table 1). Mean body weight of Breeding.--Weobtained no direct evidenceas males (n = 12) is 19.7 g, and of females (n = 9), to nesting dates.Specimens of manuhave been 16.6 g. collected between 24 June and 26 November, Within adults of both sexes, variation exists and include only one juvenile, collected on 8 April1990] NewAmazonian Antbird 243

September1985 (seeabove). This individual is and ferdinandiare known to have the staccato adult-sized, and was uttering typical adult whinny in their repertoire (that of ferdinandiis vocalizations when collected. Dates of speci- joined to its "ker-Chup" element, producing a mens apparently in breeding condition, and more complicatedprimary call). Recordingsof their gonadal measurements,are as follows: rnanu,rnelanaria, ferdinandi, and nigricansare de- males:24 June1986 (testis 5 x 3 mm), 17 August posited at the Library of Natural Sounds, Cor- 1980 (5 x 2.5 mm), and 6 October 1981 (4 x 2.5 nell University. mm); female: 6 October 1981 (largest ovum 10 Relationshipsamong the five membersof the mm, yolking). nigricans-groupare lessclear, with malesbarely Vocalizations.--Like other members of the distinguishableand femaleplumages generally genus, manu has several call types, including too distinctive to reveal obvious common an- male-female duets. We recorded three distinct cestries(see Frontispiece).Female ferdinandiare vocalizations,of which the most frequent is a rare in collections.They appear most similar to deliberate, harsh "hert-CHUCK-hert-CHUCK- thoseof nigricans,and are dark gray to black- hert-CHUCK-hert-CHUCK" heavily accented ish with narrow pale streakson throat and breast. on alternatingsyllables, and all syllablesevenly The streaked throat is shared with female car- spaced.This appearsto be the primary adver- bonaria,which are paler and washed buffy be- tising call, and is delivered principally or ex- low. A streaked throat is unusual (presumably clusively by the male in a pair. The secondvo- derived) among female antbirds. We infer that calizationis a rapid, slightly descendingwhinny ferdinandi,nigricans, and carbonariaare each oth- of 9-13 guttural, staccatonotes: "tk-tk-tik-tik- er's closest relatives. Females of both rnanu and tik-tek-tek-tek-tuk," softer and higher-pitched melanariaare unstreaked grayish below, al- than the primary call. Both sexesdeliver this thoughmelanaria is muchpaler. Both sexes show call. Finally, a rapidly repeated"Chut-up, Chut- more limited white on the tips of remigesand up, Chut-up, Chut-up" is delivered by either rectricesthan in ferdinandi,nigricans, and car- sex, and frequently in syncopated,antiphonal bonaria. Moreover, rnanu and rnelanaria are near- duetsbetween members of the pair. The first of ly identical in size (except for tarsus)and are these three vocalizations shows structure ho- larger than the other three species.On the basis mologous to the two-syllable "ker-Chup" ele- of these shared characteristicswe hypothesize ments given by other membersof the species- that manuand melanariaare sister taxa, possibly group (seebelow). closeenough to be recognizedas a superspecies. Relationships.--Plumagepatterns suggesttwo Finally, cinerascensprobably belongsat the base species groups within Cercomacra,with one of the nigricansspecies-group, based upon its species(cinerascens) intermediate. The groups white-tipped rectrices,dull grayish-brown(not are mosteasily recognized by female plumage, bright buff) femaleplumage, and gutteralvocal- which is predominantly warm buffy-brown or izations containing two-syllable phrases.In all orange-buffin C. tyrannina,serva, nigrescens, and of thesefeatures, cinerascens more closelyresem- brasiliana,("tyrannina-group"), and predomi- blesmembers of the nigricansgroup than do any nantly gray to olive-gray in rnanu,rnelanaria, nig- of the remaining speciesin the genus. ricans,ferdinandi, and carbonaria("nigricans- Biogeography.--Fourof the five speciesin the group"). In cinerascens,females are dull grayish nigricans-group have limited distributions brown. Both sexesof the tyrannina-grouplack aroundthe perimeterof the Amazonbasin (Fig. conspicuouswhite tips on the rectrices,present 1).As suggestedby their nearly identicalfemale in both the nigricans-groupand cinerascens. plumage, ferdinandi appears to represent a Sound recordingsare availablefor all mem- southernAmazonian relic that is related to nigri- bersof the genusexcept carbonaria and brasiliana, cans far to the north and is now restricted to and D. F. Stotz (pers. comm.) recently wrote the Araguaia-Tocantinsdrainage. A male from notes on the calls of carbonarianear Boa Vista, "Belem," collected by J. Hidasi, was recently Brazil. Vocal similarities strongly support the catalogedat the Museum of Zoology, S•o Paulo speciesgroups indicated above. All membersof (D. Stotz pers. comm.).The preciselocality for the nigricans-grouphave harsh, guttural pri- this specimenremains unconfirmed. Cercomacra mary vocalizationsdominated by a two-syllable carbonariais known only from a cluster of lo- "ker-Chup" element not present in the tyran- calitiesalong the Rio Brancoand its majortrib- ninaogroup.In addition, only rnanu,rnelanaria, utaries in northern Brazil. These include the 244 FITZPATRICKAND WILLARD [Auk, Vol. 107

Fig. 2. Bamboothickets of southeasternPeru. Holotype was collected from the densethickets bordering seasonallyflooded lagoons along the Alto Madrede DiosRiver (left; 12 river-kilometersdownstream from Shintuya,Department Madre de Dios).Cercomacra manu pairs occupied overstory of bamboothickets at elevationsas high as 1,200meters (right; Consuelo,near kilometer 165 on CosfiipataRoad above Pilcopata, Department Cusco).

specimen(a badly shot male) from Caracarahy, edgeforest with only scatteredbamboo nearby Rio Branco,previously identified as C. nigricans (Terborgh et al. 1984). In bamboo thickets, (AMNH no. 236688).As this had been the only closely knit pairs forage 8-15 m above the recordof nigricanssouth of the Rio Orinoco (Pe- ground. Even when uttering their distinctive ters1951: 217), nigricans should be removedfrom calls, they are secretiveand difficult to spot in the list of speciesknown from Brazil. the leafy and vine-tangled bamboo overstory. Cercomacramanu and melanariapresumably At the type locality in July and August 1980,at stem from a commonancestor along the south- least three pairs maintained contiguous terri- western rim of the Amazon basin. Cercomacra toriesseveral hundred meterslong and fifty to melanarianow appearsto be fragmented into one hundred meters wide within very large two populationsoccupying moist, brushy hab- bamboo thickets that border stagnant lagoons itats in largely open country south and east of (Fig. 2). Parker and Remsen (1987) estimated manu.Although manuis the only member of the territory size for three pairs to be between 0.5 group to occurwell within the Amazon forest, and 1.0ha. Pairssometimes joined mixed-species it, too, is nearly restrictedto a specifichabitat flockswhen these came through the territory, type(bamboo) usually associated with the forest but were more frequently found as lone pairs. edge. Other common inhabitants of bamboo at the Ecologyand behavior.--Cercomacramanu is en- type locality included the following (species counteredalmost exclusivelyin extensive,ma- found locally only in bambooare marked with ture bamboo thickets. Parker and Remsen (1987) asterisk):Nonnula ruficapilla, Percnostola Iophotes, found it in secondgrowth woodland adjacent Cyrabilaimussanctaemariae*, Drymophila devillei*, to bamboo in Bolivia, and Parker (pers. comm.) Microrhopiasquixensis, Myrmotherula ornata*, Si- observed it in tall riverine forest at the Tam- moxenopsucayalae*, Automolus dorsalis*, A. mela- bopata Reservein southeasternPeru. Our ear- nopezus,Campylorhamphus trochilirostris, Poecilo- liest netting recordsat CochaCashu Biological triccus albifacies*, Hemitriccus fiammulatus*, Stationwere from swampforest and viny river- Ramphotrigonmegacephala*, Thryothorus genibar- April 1990] NewAmazonian Antbird 245 bis.At elevations between 600 and 1,200 m, bam- information or specimensfrom the collectionsunder boo thickets abound also in southeastern Peru. their care, we thank Paulo Vanzolini (Museu de Zoo- Additional bamboo inhabitants we have en- logia, Universidadede S•o Paulo, MZUSP), Dante countered at these elevations include Monasa Teixeira (Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, MNRJ), Scott fiavirostris*,Tharnnophilus palliatus *, Myrrnothe- Lanyon (Field Museum of Natural History, FMNH), Frank Gill (Academyof Natural Scienceof Philadel- rula longicauda*,Capsiernpis fiaveola*, and Lopho- phia, ANSP), FrangoisVuilleumier (American Mu- triccuspileatus (see also Parker 1982, Pierpont seumof Natural History, AMNH), D. ScottWood and and Fitzpatrick 1983). Kenneth Parkes (Carnegie Museum of Natural His- Foraging behavior of manuis similar to that tory, CMNH), Kimball Garrett(Los Angeles County of other Cercomacra.It consistsof active hopping Museum of Natural History, LACM), J. Van Remsen from perch to perch, gleaning arthropodsfrom (LouisianaState University Museum of Natural Sci- clustersof smallbamboo leaves or leafy tangles. ence,LSUMZ), and RaymondA. PaynterJr. (Museum Parker and Reinsen(1987) observedsome sally- of ComparativeZoology, MCZ). Our ornithological gleaning as well. The arching crowns of bam- explorationsin southeasternPeru have been gener- boo thickets include numerousvine tanglesin- ously supportedby the H. B. Conover Fund of the Field Museum of Natural History, the Bertha LeBus terspersedwith bamboo branchlets, and these Charitable Trust, and the National Science Founda- appear to be especiallyfavored foraging sites. tion (BSR-8508361).Archbold BiologicalStation and Rictal bristlesare highly developedabout the staffprovided assistancein preparing the final manu- faceof manu.We suspectthat theseprovide pro- script. tection for the eyes and face within the nox- iouslyant-ridden and spiny tanglesinto which LITERATURE CITED these antbirds hop and thrust their beaks in pursuit of insects.Stomach contents included O'NEILL,J.P. 1969. Distributional notes on the birds caterpillars,Orthoptera, and other small arthro- of Peru, includingtwelve speciespreviously un- pods(stomachs on depositat both LSUMZ and reported from the Republic. Occas.Pap. Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ. 37: 1-11. FMNH). PARKER,T. A., III. 1982. Observations of some un- usual rainforest and marsh birds in southeastern ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Peru. Wilson Bull. 94: 477-493. --, & J. V. REMSENJR. 1987. Fifty-two Amazo- We are mostgrateful to the Ministerio de Agricul- nian bird speciesnew to Bolivia. Bull. Brit. Or- tura of Peru for permitting our extensivefieldwork nithol. Club 107: 94-107. in southeasternPeru during the 1970sand 1980s,and PETERS,J. L. 1951. Checklist of birds of the world, for permission to conduct researchin the Manu Na- vol. VII. Cambridge,Harvard Univ. Press. tional Park. John Terborgh stimulatedour early in- PIERPONT,N., & J. W. FITZPATRICK.1983. Specific terestin this area,for which we remain grateful. John statusand behavior of Cymbilaimussanctaemariae, Douglass,Enrique Deza, and Nina Pierpont partici- the Bamboo Antshrike, from southwestern Ama- pated in the memorablefirst expeditionto collectthe zonia. Auk 100: 645-652. new form, and Douglasskindly provided the pho- SMITHE,F. B. 1975. Naturalist's color guide. New tographof the type locality. DouglasStotz has been York, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. instrumentalin ornithologicalinventories involving 1981. Naturalist'scolor guide, part III. New collectionof Cercomacramanu, and he alsohelped in- York, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. terpret certain distribution records.Stotz, Theodore TERBORGH,J. W., J. w. FITZPATRICK,& L. EMMONS. A. Parker III, and Gary Gravesmade helpful com- 1984. Annotated checklist of bird and mammal mentson the manuscript.The Cornell Library of Nat- speciesof CochaCashu Biological Station, Manu ural Sounds and Theodore A. Parker III lent tape National Park, Peru. Fieldiana, Zoology, New recordingsof severalspecies of Cercomacra,and Paul Series 21: 1-29. Baker produced sonogramsof these recordings.For Publicationof the Frontispiecewas supportedby the Donald L. Bleitz Fund.