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FIELD REPORT – Panama's Canopy

FIELD REPORT – Panama's Canopy

FIELD REPORT – ’s Canopy Tower and El Valle’s Canopy Lodge

January 4-16, 2020

Crimson-bellied © Doug Johnson Pheasant © Sam Naifeh

Green - © Doug Johnson White Hawk © Fred Engelman Blue © Fred Engelman

Prepared by Jeri M. Langham

VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DR., AUSTIN, TX 78746 Phone: 512-328-5221 or 800-328-8368 / Fax: 512-328-2919 [email protected] / www.ventbird.com Myriads of magazine articles have touted Panama’s incredible Canopy Tower, a former U.S. military radar tower transformed by Raúl Arias de Para when the U.S. relinquished control of the Panama Canal Zone. It sits atop 900-foot Semaphore Hill overlooking Soberania National Park. While its rooms are rather spartan, the food is excellent and the opportunity

Panama’s Canopy Tower © Ruthie Stearns to view at dawn from the 360º rooftop Observation Deck above the treetops is outstanding. Twenty minutes away is the start of the famous Pipeline Road, possibly one of the best birding roads in Central and . From our base, daily birding outings are made to various locations in Central Panama, which vary from the primary around the tower, to huge mudflats near Panama City and, finally, to cool Cerro Azul and Cerro Jefe forest. An enticing example of what awaits visitors to this marvelous birding paradise can be found in excerpts taken from the Journal I write every night during the tour and later e-mail to participants. These are taken from my 18-page, January 2020 Journal.

I met you all downstairs to teach you how to identify the many we get here at the Canopy Tower. There are eight nectar feeders to watch and sometimes it was crazy trying to look at more than one feeder at a time. We saw Snowy-bellied Hummingbird, many male and female White-necked Jacobins, Blue-chested Hummingbird, both Long-billed and Stripe-throated hermits, Violet-bellied Hummingbird and White-vented Plumeleteer. We had to endure a few sprinkles from time to time, but, eventually, that rain would give us a nice rainbow view from the Observation Deck on top of the Tower. My big surprise here was having Geoffroy’s Tamarins come bounding in, giving us great looks at them scampering up and down trunks and branches, jumping across from tree to tree, and looking for food in dead leaf clusters and elsewhere on the trees. Later in the evening, an Allen’s Olingo would be observed taking an offered banana from one of these trees.

! ! ! White-necked Jacobins Black-and-white Long-billed !"Sam Naifeh ! Jeri Langham ! Doug Johnson We prepared for our 9:00 a.m. walk down Semaphore Hill after an early morning on the Observation Deck. Maybe it was the wind, but we had to work very hard for every species we saw this morning, which included Slate-colored , Cinnamon Woodpecker, Black- crowned Antshrike, Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher, Spotted , a female Blue-crowned , several Dot-winged , and a pair of . We watched, in amazement, the tiny Azteca on their 2-foot long huge papery nest that was hanging from a tall tree. The “Tinamu” (open truck) brought us our mid-morning snack and cold drinks. One of our nicest experiences after our snack was with a Broad-billed that allowed multiple photos. We also saw White-shouldered , Checker-throated Stipplethroats (some carrying food) and, best for me, a perched Black-and-white Owl. In my previous 22 tours here, we have never seen this owl and only heard it one year.

Our first main stop this morning was opposite the large Ammo Dump pond where we identified more than 50 species of birds yesterday. New birds immediately started coming our way, including Yellow-backed Oriole, immature Rufescent Tiger-Heron, Smooth-billed , Green Heron, and Pale-vented Pigeon, plus we had better looks at Wattled Jaçana. We then drove to the intersection near the yellow gate at Pipeline Road and spent the next few hours with two flocks and a nice fruiting tree. Almost immediately we had our best ever looks of Green Shrike-Vireo and Gartered Trogon. The two Whooping flew away without allowing scope views. The Long-billed Gnatwren circled us several times. , Red- legged , several species of warblers, Cocoa , Buff-throated Saltator, Masked , Plain Xenops and much more kept us hopping.

Green Shrike-Vireo Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher © Sam Naifeh © Doug Johnson © Jeri Langham As we climbed the 176 or so steps of the Rainforest Discovery Center Tower, we heard a Pheasant Cuckoo calling. We were atop the Tower for almost 2 hours scanning in all directions and seeing a distant Gray-headed , two Semiplumbeous Hawks, two Collared Araçaris, several Scaled Doves, Crane Hawk, Brown-hooded and Blue-headed , Blue Dacnis, Red-legged Honeycreeper, and best of all, a Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher, one of the smallest of all . The songs of the Pheasant Cuckoo were finally more than I could take and down we went. As we were eating our snacks, it flew past Carlos and within five minutes he found it perched and we soaked up the view for about 30 minutes. Song and Red-throated - also cooperated after this wonderful experience.

Our plan for our full day on the Pipeline Road was to walk in a ways birding, then have Jorge bring both vehicles forward to pick us up and take us further down the road. After that we would walk and he moved the two vehicles forward. Several Blue Morpho were spectacular and Tena spotted a Tent-making hanging under the leaf it had made into a tent.

Today we would have luck with a number of difficult-to-see Neotropical specialties. Rufous Mourner, Russet-winged , Pied and White-whiskered , Blue- crowned and Red-capped , Checker-throated Stipplethroat, Black-cheeked Woodpecker, Bicolored Antbird, Gray-headed Tanager, Long-billed Gnatwren, Fulvous-vented , Tropical Gnatcatcher, Plain Xenops and more were among them. One event I always enjoy is listening to Carlos often whistle the call of Streak-chested Antpitta until one responds, and then he manages to get the scope on this tiny on legs deep in the forest.

We had our picnic lunch at a flat pullout on the Pipeline Road. Carlos and Jorge set up the table and brought out the ham & cheese and chicken sandwiches with lettuce and tomatoes to add as we pleased, fresh pineapple and watermelon, sliced carrots and celery with a great dip, and cake for dessert. As we arrived, Jorge informed us that a Blue Cotinga had been feeding fairly low when he arrived. He was able to show us the bird way up in a tree, and after lunch it dropped down for great views and photos. This was also our day to see two new trogons - Black-throated and White-tailed. We also had several Slaty-tailed Trogons and we heard a Gartered Trogon. We saw a White-nosed Coati on the drive in and a nice Northern Tamandua as we were leaving.

Blue Cotinga © Sam Naifeh Gartered Trogon © Doug Johnson At the entrance to Cerro Jefe, Carlos heard a distant Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker, the endemic species that is the main target here. It did not respond…I was getting nervous because there were simply NO BIRDS on this cold and overcast day! But then, as we passed the entrance gate, I saw a group of 6-7 Carmiol’s Tanagers into a fruiting tree. Next, a male White-ruffed Manakin cooperated for a few photos. As we walked back toward the van, the endemic Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker decided to cooperate enough for all to see it. WHEW!

Walking up the steep hill, things were again quiet, but we did add an Emerald Tanager, saw some Golden-hooded Tanagers, glimpsed a Violet-capped Hummingbird and were teased by a Bicolored Antbird. Walking back down the hill and past the fruiting tree, we suddenly heard some tanagers and all Hell broke loose! Emerald, Speckled, Golden-hooded, Bay- headed, Rufous-winged (rarest), Black-and-yellow, and Hepatic tanagers kept us enthralled. It was so much fun, but it was exhausting as Carlos and I tried to get all of you on new species.

! ! ! Black-and-yellow Tanager ! John Sevenair Snowy-bellied Shining Honeycreeper Hummingbird ! Doug Johnson ! Fred Engelman We drove to the home of Jerry and Linda Harrison where Linda would prepare lunch for us. They have remodeled this wonderful home and its setting is fantastic, especially the nectar, rice and banana feeders by the back porch where the hummingbird show defies description. Dozens of fight for space at the 14 nectar feeders. Diversity was excellent as we saw 10 hummingbird species: Crowned Woodnymph, Bronze-tailed and White-vented plumeleteers, Green Hermit, White-necked Jacobin, and Rufous-tailed, Blue-chested, and Snowy-bellied hummingbirds. The and male Rufous-crested Coquette took the prize for rarity. The dazzling colors of several Red-legged, Shining and Green were stunning. Thick-billed and Fulvous-vented , Bananaquits, and Hepatic Tanagers added to the spectacle. Black-cheeked Woodpecker and several Yellow-faced Grassquits, as well as Blue-gray, Palm and Crimson-backed tanagers made it difficult to leave this little paradise.

! ! Yellow-faced Grassquit Crowned Woodnymph Crimson-backed Tanager ! Doug Johnson ! Doug Johnson ! Sam Naifeh I was up on the Observation Deck by 6:00 a.m. since it was our last morning at the Canopy Tower. I always say that every day on the Observation Deck is different and, fortunately for us, this was maybe our best one. All three species of forest-falcons were heard. While one morning we picked out about 12-15 Mantled Howler Monkey troops, today only a few were vocal, although one was still very close to the tower and thus loud. Keel-billed Toucan was seen in several areas and Yellow-throated was heard. As always, the “can’t see me” Green Shrike- were calling but today Alexis showed us one that was quiet, which he only saw because he was looking for the calling . One tree on the distant tree line that usually has one or two Scaled Pigeons had five this morning…wish they were closer. We saw both Red-lored and Mealy parrots in the scope. This was the first morning I heard Rufous Motmot and there were two of them. As usual, several Broad-billed Motmots were vocal. A Lineated Woodpecker was heard and the ever-present Black-crowned Antshrikes were vocal but did not let us see them. About 6 other species were heard and Yellow-margined Flycatcher was seen by some of you. Black-and-white, Tennessee, Chestnut-sided and Bay- breasted warblers were seen. I was surprised to not see any Palm Tanagers, but White- shouldered and Plain-colored did make an appearance along with Green Honeycreeper.

! ! Mantled Howler Monkey Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth Slaty-tailed Trogon © Jeri Langham © Doug Johnson © Jeri Langham Upon our arrival at Canopy Lodge, we learned that the previous VENT group had a Sunbittern being seen in the river. You all enjoyed the scope views, not realizing how lucky you were to see a bird we often miss. A walk in the afternoon took us through a nearby forest. We all had views of the Tawny-capped Euphonia male and then had a small flock that included Song Wren, , and Spotted, Wedge-billed, Cocoa and Plain . Also, a male Slaty-tailed Trogon perched for views. Eventually all of you were able to see the Chestnut-capped Brushfinch, too.

The biggest surprise of the day was still to come as we were driving back and encountered a Hoffmann’s Two-toed Sloth that was trying to get through a fence. We watched it for about 20 minutes as it kept trying over and over again, then creeping a bit further down the fence line. At one point as it climbed the fence post, it looked over its back at us. The best of all was when it got to the top of one fence post and we watched it reach up at thin branches that we thought would never support it. We watched it actually be able to grasp a thin branch and then another while holding on to the post with its back legs. We could not believe those flimsy branches held its weight and allowed it to climb into the tree. We loaded into three 4x4 vehicles and headed up to Altos del María. We went straight to Valle Bonito’s crown jewel, a small man-made lake with a paved path that follows the edge of the lake and eventually turns into a streamside trail that is surrounded by a magical forest of huge old growth trees covered with all kinds of epiphytes. My reason for coming directly to this location was a report that my long-sought lifer, Crimson-bellied Woodpecker, had been seen here, and luck was with us as we had great views and were able to get many photographs.

! ! Crimson-bellied Woodpecker © Fred Engelman Crimson-bellied Woodpecker © Jeri Langham

We also added Collared Trogon, White-throated Spadebill, Tufted Flycatcher and a pair of Bat Falcons here. A brief stop in this area, just past the entrance gate, is usually our best spot for Snowcap, and all had great looks at one today.

Due to the wind and dust, we were not able to walk the usual stretch of road in the lowland pasture/dry scrub habitat today. Danilo suggested we drive side roads where there would we very little, if any, traffic. This paid off almost immediately as we picked up one of the special targets for today, Veraguan Mango. We also were able to get great views of a Crested that was following a tractor machine clearing the ditch. Savanna Hawks were easy today. Danilo knew a spot that was good for Lance-tailed Manakin, another target bird for this zone. This was my favorite bird for pure beauty today and it made us work hard to get it in on a perch for all to see.

After a Pacific Ocean swim for some and lunch for all at Raúl’s beach house, we began our search for Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl. We heard it at the first stop and saw Summer Tanager, Black-and-white Warbler, Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet, Yellow-throated Vireo and more that came to look for the tiny owl. The next place was a bust so we tried a third. I heard a distant response and off I went to get closer. Soon all were with me, but the owl stayed put until I found a different recording and then it flew right over us. I found it again, but it left before anyone could see it. I found it again and the same thing happened, but the third time was the charm and it stayed for photos.

! ! Lance-tailed Manakin Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Silver-throated Tanagers © Doug Johnson © Fred Engelman © Jeri Langham Our first stop in the highlands today was to try once again for the very special Tody Motmot that is a must-see target bird. We heard it two days ago and today it cooperated by coming into view for all to see through Danilo’s scope. The next stop brought us Black-striped Sparrows, and just past the town of Mata Ahogado we added Black-headed Saltator. We also had luck today seeing Dull-mantled Antbird and two Silver-throated Tanagers that performed as they feasted on an inflorescence. Once again we tried the special fruiting tree for Yellow- eared Toucanet, but it was Northern Emerald-Toucanets that were present. The Brown-billed Scythebill was calling and many of you managed quick looks through the scope. As we left the area, we stopped to get quick looks at a Black and then played with a loose flock whose star was Orange-chinned .

Upon returning to Canopy Lodge, we carefully searched the river as we crossed over the bridge in case there might be a Northern or Louisiana waterthrush, Sunbittern or even a Jesus Christ here since all had been seen by a few participants on previous days. Then some of us watched the feeder that is visible on the Cornell webcam website, until Fred told us there was a Rufous Motmot dust/sand bathing. What a show! One last surprise awaited us tonight as Doug heard a Tropical Screech-Owl outside his room after dinner and the checklist and he came to get me. I knocked on all doors and all but Mitch joined the pack…one was even in her nightgown when I called and still showed up! I was able to get my spotlight on it for all to enjoy this treat.

! Rufous Motmot © Fred Engelman Tropical Screech-Owl © Fred Engelman

We had breakfast at 6:00 a.m. on our last morning at Canopy Lodge so it would be light enough to see the fruit feeders when we finished eating. Who could ever get tired of seeing huge Rufous Motmots, tiny Thick-billed Euphonias, Orange-billed Sparrows, hordes of bickering Clay-colored Thrushes, Gray-cowled Wood-Rails, Blue-gray, Dusky-faced, Flame- colored, Crimson-backed, Golden-hooded, and Palm tanagers, Red-tailed (preferring the banana slices), huge Gray-headed Chachalacas, Social Flycatchers, winter visitors like Chestnut-sided Warbler and, on the ground, Central American Agoutis?

! ! ! Dusky-faced Tanager Thick -billed Euphonia Golden-hooded Tanager © Doug Johnson © Fred Engelman © Fred Engelman We had time for one more outing this morning before returning to Panama City. After brief looks at , we headed up the road to the kiosk where one gets fitted for using the zip line. Several trails lead out from here and next to the kiosk there is a platform where they put out bananas. Even though it was empty, we had great looks at a female Red-crowned Ant- Tanager and a male . After crossing the first bridge, we turned left and Danilo showed us a wonderful, but now empty, nest that just fledged Violet-headed Hummingbirds. It was such a tiny, delicately constructed masterpiece with dangling pieces of mosses and some bits of lichens. We continued up the trail and across another bridge to see the most beautiful waterfall we get to see on my tour, called Chorro Macho. A Green was perched near the waterfall.

! ! Violet-headed Hummingbird © Fred Engelman Mottled nest © Fred Engelman © Fred Engelman As we returned, Danilo gave us the great news that the Mottled Owls were on one of their day roosts. Most of you headed up the rough trail and were able to see two individuals, but they were partially hidden by dense vegetation. While everyone else was up the trail looking for the Mottled Owls, Tena and I saw only my 4th ever Gray-cheeked Thrush for Panama. This was a fantastic tour with a super group of participants who worked well and had fun together on this wonderful Neotropical Panamanian adventure!

From left: John Sevenier, Doug Johnson, Mitch Erickson, Karen Naifeh, Fred Engelman, Tena Engelman, Jorge (driver), Carlos Bethancourt (co-leader) and Sam Naifeh © Jeri Langham

This Field List was prepared for potential participants in PANAMA’S CANOPY TOWER & EL VALLE TOUR led by Jeri Langham and local co-leaders Carlos Bethancourt and Danilo Rodriguez. For your convenience, the orders of families and common names are those in the August 2019 eBird / Clements checklist. I have put additional comments of interest such as splits or name changes in parentheses.

• COLUMN I is designed to give you a realistic idea of which species you are likely to encounter. The numerals in this column indicate the number of 23 previous CANOPY TOWER VENT tours that recorded each species. A blank indicates it has not been recorded. When a comma separates two numerals (e.g. 4,1), the first represents the number of tours in which the species was seen, and the second represents the number of times the bird was only heard during the tour. An “h” indicates a species has only been heard and thus never seen on any of these previous trips. However, this was only my 15th tour to visit El Valle’s CANOPY LODGE, so for species that are only possible there, Column I is not as accurate.

• COLUMN II shows the species seen (x) or only heard (h) on the 2020 tour.

My one or two local co-leaders and I will do our best to show each of you as many species as we can during our short visit to Panama. Just wait until you see the location of the Canopy Tower with its 360° forest canopy top view from the observation deck and the plush accommodations at El Valle with incredible birds coming to the fruit feeder that can be seen on the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology video cam.

http://cams.allaboutbirds.org/channel/57/Panama_Fruit_Feeders/ PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Tinamidae 2 Great Tinamus major 15,8 x 3 Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui 4,9 4 Ducks, Geese & Waterfowl Anatidae 5 Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis 9 6 Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor 7 Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata 3 x 8 Blue-winged Teal Spatula discors (new ) 6 x 9 American Wigeon Mareca americana (new genus) 10 Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris 1 11 Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis 12 Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus 1 13 Guans, Chachalacas & Curassows 14 Gray-headed Chachalaca Ortalis cinereiceps 21 x 15 Crested Guan Penelope purpurascens 16 unicolor 1 x 17 Great Curassow Crax rubra 18 New World Odontophoridae 19 Tawny-faced Quail Rhynchortyx cinctus 20 Crested Bobwhite cristatus 4 21 Marbled Wood-Quail Odontophorus gujanensis 22 Black-eared Wood-Quail Odontophorus melanotis 3,1 23 Grebes Podicipedidae 24 Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus 6 25 Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps 6 26 Pigeons & Doves 27 Rock Pigeon (I) Columba livia 23 x 28 Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis 23 x 29 Scaled Pigeon Patagioenas speciosa 22 x 30 Ruddy Pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea 1 31 Short-billed Pigeon Patagioenas nigrirostris 13,5 h 32 Plain-breasted Ground Dove Columbina minuta 8 33 Columbina talpacoti 22 x 34 Blue Ground Dove Claravis pretiosa 6,3 35 Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana 1 36 Violaceous Quail-Dove Geotrygon violacea 37 Olive-backed Quail-Dove Leptotrygon veraguensis (n. g.) 38 White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi 21 x 39 40 Page 1 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Gray-chested Dove Leptotila cassinii 17 2 Purplish-backed Quail-Dove Zentrygon lawrencii (n.genus) 2 3 Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura 5 x 4 Cuckoos Cuculidae 5 Greater Ani Crotophaga major 22 x 6 Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani 23 x 7 Groove-billed Ani Crotophaga sulcirostris 12 x 8 Tapera naevia 4,6 9 Pheasant Cuckoo phasianellus 2,1 x 10 Rufous-vented Ground-Cuckoo Neomorphus geoffroyi 2 11 minuta 12 cayana 23 x 13 Yellow-billed Cuckoo americanus 1 14 Cuckoo Coccyzus minor 4 15 Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus 16 & Allies Caprimulgidae 17 Lesser Chordeiles acutipennis 2 18 Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor 2,1 19 Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus 1 20 Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis 11,2 21 White-tailed Hydropsalis cayennensis (n. g.) 22 Chuck-will's-widow Antrostomus carolinensis (n. g.) 23 Rufous Nightjar Antrostomus rufus (n. genus) 24 Potoos Nyctibiidae 25 Great Potoo Nyctibius grandis 13 x 26 Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus 10,1 27 Oilbird Steatornithidae 28 Oilbird Steatornis caripensis 29 Swifts Apodidae 30 Black Swift Cypseloides niger 31 White-chinned Swift Cypseloides cryptus 32 Chestnut-collared Swift Streptoprocne rutila 33 White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris 10 34 Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica 35 Vaux's Swift Chaetura vauxi 6 x 36 Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura 22 x 37 Band-rumped Swift Chaetura spinicaudus 21 x 38 Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift Panyptila cayennensis 20 39 40 Page 2 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Hummingbirds Trochilidae 2 White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora 23 x 3 White-tipped Sicklebill Eutoxeres aquila 6,1 4 Rufous-breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsutus 6 5 Band-tailed Barbthroat Threnetes ruckeri 6 6 Green Hermit Phaethornis guy 19 x 7 Long-billed Hermit Phaethornis longirostris 22 x 8 Pale-bellied Hermit Phaethornis anthophilus 2 9 Stripe-throated Hermit Phaethornis striigularis 19 x 10 Brown Colibri delphinae 5 x 11 Purple-crowned Fairy Heliothryx barroti 19 12 Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis 22 x 13 Veraguan Mango Anthracothorax veraguensis 11 x 14 Green Thorntail conversii 8 x 15 Rufous-crested Coquette delattrei 14 x 16 Green-crowned Brilliant Heliodoxa jacula 9 17 Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris 7 18 Purple-throated Mountain-gem Lampornis calolaemus 5 19 Magenta-throated Woodstar Philodice bryantae (new genus) 20 Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus colubris 21 Garden Emerald assimilis 10 x 22 Violet-headed Hummingbird Klais guimeti 15 23 Scaly-breasted Hummingbird Phaeochroa cuvierii 24 Violet Sabrewing Campylopterus hemileucurus 25 White-vented Plumeleteer Chalybura buffonii 23 x 26 Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer Chalybura urochrysia 20 x 27 Crowned Woodnymph (lumped, n. n.) Thalurania colombica 19 x 28 White-tailed Emerald Elvira chionura 3 29 Snowcap Microchera albocoronata 15 x 30 Blue-chested Hummingbird Amazilia amabilis 21 x 31 Snowy-bellied Hummingbird Amazilia edward 23 x 32 Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl 23 x 33 Violet-capped Hummingbird Goldmania violiceps 15 x 34 Sapphire-throated Hummingbird Lepidopyga coeruleogularis 16 35 Violet-bellied Hummingbird Juliamyia julie (new genus) 23 x 36 Blue-throated Goldentail Hylocharis eliciae 37 Rails, Gallinules & Coots Rallidae 38 Uniform Crake Amaurolimnas concolor 39 Gray-cowled Wood- (split, new n.) Aramides cajaneus 16,1 x 40 Page 3 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Sora Porzana carolina 1 2 Common Gallinule (new name) Gallinula galeata 21 3 Fulica americana 3 4 Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica 20 x 5 Yellow-breasted Crake Hapalocrex flaviventer (new g). 6 White-throated Crake Laterallus albigularis 12,11 x 7 Gray-breasted Crake Laterallus exilis 8 Finfoots Heliornithidae 9 Sungrebe Heliornis fulica 10 Limpkin Aramidae 11 Limpkin Aramus guarauna 4 12 Stilts & Avocets Recurvirostridae 13 Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus 11 x 14 American Avocet Recurvirostra americana 15 Oystercatchers Haematopodidae 16 American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus 1 17 Plovers & Lapwings Charadriidae 18 Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola 18 19 American Golden-Plover Pluvialis dominica 20 Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis 19 x 21 Collared Plover Charadrius collaris 1 22 Wilson's Plover Charadrius 3 23 Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus 7 24 Killdeer Charadrius vociferus 1 25 Jaçanas Jacanidae 26 Wattled Jaçana Jacana jacana 23 x 27 Sandpipers & Allies Scolopacidae 28 Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda 29 Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus 19 x 30 Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus 1 31 Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa 10 x 32 Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres 8 33 Red Knot Calidris canutus 11 34 Surfbird Calidris virgata 2 35 Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus 2 36 Sanderling Calidris alba 8 x 37 Dunlin Calidris alpina 1 38 Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla 10 39 40 Page 4 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos 2 Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla 3 3 Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri 14 4 Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus 17 x 5 Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus 4 6 Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor 1 7 Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus 8 Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius 21 x 9 Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria 15 x 10 Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca 16 x 11 Willet Tringa semipalmata 18 x 12 Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes 9 13 Gulls, Terns & Skimmers Laridae 14 Laughing Gull Leucophaeus atricilla 23 x 15 Franklin's Gull Leucophaeus pipixcan 17 x 16 Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis 4 17 Herring Gull Larus argentatus 5 x 18 Brown Noddy Anous stolidus 19 Bridled Tern Onychoprion anaethetus 20 Least Tern Sternula antillarum 21 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica 9 22 Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia 2 23 Black Tern Chlidonias niger 2 24 Common Tern Sterna hirundo 2 25 Royal Tern Thalasseus maximus 17 x 26 Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis 15 x 27 Elegant Tern Thalasseus elegans 8 x 28 Black Skimmer Rynchops niger 5 29 Sunbittern Eurypygidae 30 Sunbittern Eurypyga helias 2 x 31 Storks Ciconiidae 32 Jabiru Jabiru mycteria 33 Wood Stork Mycteria americana 13 x 34 Frigatebirds Fregatidae 35 Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens 23 x 36 Boobies & Gannets Sulidae 37 Masked Booby Sula dactylatra 38 Blue-footed Booby Sula nebouxii 4 39 40 Page 5 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Peruvian Booby Sula variegata 2 Brown Booby Sula leucogaster 4 3 Anhingas Anhingidae 4 Anhinga Anhinga anhinga 16 x 5 Cormorants & Shags Phalacrocoracidae 6 Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus 21 x 7 Pelicans Pelecanidae 8 American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos 2 9 Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis 23 x 10 Herons, Egrets & Bitterns Ardeidae 11 Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis 1 12 Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum 19 x 13 Fasciated Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma fasciatum 14 Bare-throated Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma mexicanum 15 Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias 23 x 16 Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi 12 x 17 Great Egret Ardea alba 23 x 18 Snowy Egret Egretta thula 23 x 19 Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea 23 x 20 Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor 21 21 Reddish Egret Egretta rufescens 2 22 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 23 x 23 Green Heron Butorides virescens 22 x 24 Striated Heron Butorides striata 16 x 25 Agami Heron Agamia agami 2 26 Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus 4 27 Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 14 x 28 Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Nyctanassa violacea 13 29 Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius 21 x 30 Ibises & Spoonbills Threskiornithidae 31 White Ibis Eudocimus albus 17 x 32 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus 8 33 Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis 34 Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja 1 35 New World Vultures Cathartidae 36 King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa 18 x 37 Black Vulture Coragyps atratus 23 x 38 Vulture Cathartes aura 23 x 39 Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus 12 x 40 Page 6 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Osprey Pandionidae 2 Osprey Pandion haliaetus 23 x 3 Hawks, Eagles & Kites 4 Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii 7 x 5 White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus 15 x 6 Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus 5 7 Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis 15,1 x 8 Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus 7 9 Crested Eagle Morphnus guianensis 1 10 Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja 11 Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus 13,2 x 12 Ornate Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus ornatus 1 13 Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus melanoleucus 2 14 Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis 21 x 15 Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus 19 16 Mississippi Kite Ictinia mississippiensis 2 17 Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea 7 18 Long-winged Harrier Circus buffoni 19 Northern Harrier Circus hudsonius (new sp. epi.) 1 20 Tiny Hawk superciliosus 2 21 Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus 22 Bicolored Hawk Accipiter bicolor x 23 Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens 15,1 x 24 Plumbeous Hawk Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea 25 (no hyphen) anthracinus 15 26 Mangrove Black Hawk (lumped, n.h.) Buteogallus a. bangsi 2 27 Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis 17 x 28 Great Black Hawk (no hyphen) Buteogallus urubitinga 11 29 Barred Hawk Morphnarchus princeps (new g.) 30 Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris 20 31 White-tailed Hawk Geranoaetus albicaudatus 32 White Hawk Pseudastur albicollis (new g.) 19 x 33 Semiplumbeous Hawk Leucopternis semiplumbeus 7 x 34 Gray-lined Hawk (split, new name) Buteo nitidus 17 35 Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus 22 x 36 Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus 23 x 37 Swainson's Hawk Buteo swainsoni 3 38 Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus 11 39 Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis 40 Page 7 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Barn-Owls Tytonidae 2 Barn Owl Tyto alba 3 Owls Strigidae 4 Tropical Screech-Owl Megascops choliba 5,3 x 5 Middle American Screech-Owl (s.,n.n) Megascops guatemalae vermi. 6 Choco Screech-Owl (split, new n.) Megascops centralis (n. sp. e.) 3,5 7 Crested Owl Lophostrix cristata 3 8 Pulsatrix perspicillata 19 x 9 Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum 12 x 10 Mottled Owl Ciccaba virgata 8,10 x 11 Black-and-white Owl Ciccaba nigrolineata 0,1 x 12 Striped Owl Asio clamator (new genus) 0,1 13 Trogons Trogonidae 14 Slaty-tailed Trogon Trogon massena 23 x 15 Black-tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus 18,3 h 16 White-tailed Trogon Trogon chionurus 23 x 17 Gartered (Violaceous) Trogon (s.,n.n) Trogon caligatus (n. sp. epithet) 23 x 18 Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus 22,1 x 19 Collared (Orange-bellied) Trogon (lu.) Trogon collaris aurantiiventris 23 x 20 Motmots Momotidae 21 Tody Motmot Hylomanes momotula 21 x 22 Lesson's Motmot (w. Pana.) (split, n.n) Momotus lessonii (n. sp. epithet) 11 23 (e. Panama) (s.,nn) Momotus subrufescens (n.sp.e.) 22 x 24 Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii 22 x 25 Broad-billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum 23 x 26 Alcedinidae 27 torquata 22 28 Megaceryle alcyon 6 29 Chloroceryle amazona 18 x 30 American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea 12 31 Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana 23 x 32 Green-and-rufous Kingfisher Chloroceryle inda 1 33 Puffbirds Bucconidae 34 White-necked Notharchus hyperrhynchus 19 35 Black-breasted Puffbird Notharchus pectoralis 23 x 36 Notharchus tectus 17,1 x 37 Barred Puffbird radiatus 38 White-whiskered Puffbird Malacoptila panamensis 22 x 39 40 Page 8 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Jacamars Galbulidae 2 Great Jacamar Jacamerops aureus 9,1 3 New World Barbets (new family) Capitonidae (new) 4 Spot-crowned Barbet Capito maculicoronatus 18 5 Toucan-Barbets (new family) Semnornithidae (new) 6 Prong-billed Barbet Semnornis frantzii 7 Toucans Ramphastidae 8 Northern Emerald-Toucanet (new n.) Aulacorhynchus prasinus (n.s.e.) 23 x 9 Collared Araçari Pteroglossus torquatus 23 x 10 Yellow-eared Toucanet Selenidera spectabilis 11 11 Yellow-throated Toucan (lumped, n.n.) Ramphastos ambiguus (n. s. e.) 22 x 12 Keel-billed Toucan Ramphastos sulfuratus 23 x 13 Picidae 14 Olivaceous olivaceus 3 15 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius 6 16 Black-cheeked Woodpecker Melanerpes pucherani 23 x 17 Red-crowned Woodpecker Melanerpes rubricapillus 23 x 18 Smoky-brown Woodpecker Dryobates fumigatus (new g.) 19 Crimson-bellied Woodpecker Campephilus haematogaster x 20 Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos 23 x 21 Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus 20,2 x 22 Cinnamon Woodpecker Celeus loricatus 21 x 23 Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker Piculus callopterus 8 x 24 Falcons & Caracaras 25 Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis 3,9 h 26 Slaty-backed Forest-Falcon Micrastur mirandollei 6,11 h 27 Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus 8,12 x 28 Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway 20 x 29 Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima 23 x 30 Herpetotheres cachinnans 1 31 American Kestrel Falco sparverius 14 32 Merlin Falco columbarius 1 33 Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis 4 34 Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis 18,2 x 35 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 16 36 New World & African Parrots 37 Red-fronted Parrotlet Touit costaricensis 1 38 Blue-fronted Parrotlet Touit dilectissimus 1,2 39 40 Page 9 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Orange-chinned Brotogeris jugularis 23 x 2 Brown-hooded Pyrilia haematotis (new s. epi.) 16,2 x 3 Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus 23 x 4 Red-lored Parrot Amazona autumnalis 23 x 5 Yellow-crowned Parrot Amazona ochrocephala 13 6 Mealy Parrot Amazona farinosa 21,1 x 7 Brown-throated Parakeet Eupsittula pertinax (new genus) 16,1 x 8 Sapayoa (new family) Sapayoidae (new) 9 Sapayoa Sapayoa aenigma 10 Typical Antbirds Thamnophilidae 11 Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus 23 x 12 Great Antshrike Taraba major 7,3 13 Thamnophilus doliatus 22 x 14 Black-crowned Antshrike (new name) Thamnophilus atrinucha 23 x 15 Russet Antshrike Thamnistes anabatinus 8 16 Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis 15 x 17 Spot-crowned Antvireo Dysithamnus puncticeps 12 18 Checker-throated Stipplethroat (n. n.) Epinecrophylla fulviventris 22 x 19 Moustached Antwren Myrmotherula ignota 6,1 h 20 Pacific Antwren Myrmotherula pacifica 9 21 White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris 21 x 22 Myrmotherula schisticolor 14 x 23 Dot-winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis 19 x 24 Dusky Antbird tyrannina (n.g.) 23 x 25 nigricans 4,2 26 Bare-crowned Antbird Gymnocichla nudiceps 2,4 27 White-bellied Antbird Myrmeciza longipes 21,2 h 28 Chestnut-backed Antbird Poliocrania exsul (new g.) 22,1 h 29 Dull-mantled Antbird Sipia laemosticta (new g.) 7 30 Wing-banded Antbird Myrmornis torquata 31 Bicolored Antbird Gymnopithys bicolor (new s.e.) 20,1 x 32 Spotted Antbird Hylophylax naevioides 23 x 33 Ocellated Antbird Phaenostictus mcleannani 15,1 34 Gnateaters Conopophagidae 35 Black-crowned Antpitta Pittasoma michleri 7,2 h 36 Antpittas Grallariidae 37 Scaled Antpitta Grallaria guatimalensis 38 Streak-chested Antpitta Hylopezus perspicillatus 14,5 x 39 40 Page 10 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Antthrushes 2 Black-faced Antthrush Formicarius analis 15,8 h 3 Black-headed Antthrush Formicarius nigricapillus 4 Ovenbirds & Woodcreepers Furnariidae 5 Tawny-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus mexicanus 2 6 Scaly-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus guatemalensis 3 7 Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus 12,1 x 8 Long-tailed Woodcreeper Deconychura longicauda 9 Dendrocincla homochroa 3 10 Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa 20 x 11 Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus 8 x 12 Northern Barred-Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae 19 13 Cocoa Woodcreeper susurrans 23 x 14 Black-striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus 16,2 x 15 Spotted Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus erythropygius 19 x 16 Straight-billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus (new genus) 5 x 17 Red-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris 18 Brown-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus pusillus 6 x 19 Streak-headed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes souleyetii 8,1 20 Plain Xenops Xenops minutus 23 21 Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner Philydor fuscipenne 22 Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner Automolus ochrolaemus 1 23 Spotted Barbtail Premnoplex brunnescens 20 h 24 Red-faced Spinetail Cranioleuca erythrops 18 x 25 Slaty Spinetail Synallaxis brachyura 26 Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens 5 27 Manakins Pipridae 28 Lance-tailed Manakin Chiroxiphia lanceolata 20,1 x 29 White-ruffed Manakin Corapipo altera 14,2 x 30 Blue-crowned Manakin Lepidothrix coronata (n. genus) 20 x 31 Golden-collared Manakin Manacus vitellinus 23 h 32 Red-capped Manakin Ceratopipra mentalis (n. genus) 22,1 x 33 Cotingidae 34 Purple-throated Fruitcrow Querula purpurata 23 x 35 Bare-necked Umbrellabird Cephalopterus glabricollis 36 Blue Cotinga Cotinga nattererii 22 x 37 Rufous Piha Lipaugus unirufus 1 38 Three-wattled Bellbird Procnias tricarunculatus 39 40 Page 11 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 & Allies (new) 2 Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor 8 3 Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata 21 x 4 Northern Schiffornis (split, new name) Schiffornis veraepacis (n.s.e.) ?,2 x 5 Russet-winged Schiffornis (split, n.n.) Schiffornis stenorhyncha (n.s.e.) 3,? 6 Laniocera rufescens 7 7 Pachyramphus versicolor 8 Pachyramphus cinnamomeus 12 x 9 White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus 11 10 Sharpbill, Royal Fly. & Allies (n. f.) Oxyruncidae 11 Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus 6,1 12 Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher Terenotriccus erythrurus 21 x 13 Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher Myiobius sulphureipygius 10 x 14 Black-tailed Flycatcher Myiobius atricaudus 11 x 15 Tyrant Flycatchers Tyrannidae 16 White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus 4 x 17 Golden-crowned Spadebill Platyrinchus coronatus 5,2 18 Olive-striped Flycatcher Mionectes olivaceus 11 19 Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus 13 x 20 Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus 2 21 Slaty-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris 22 Yellow-green Tyrannulet (E) Phylloscartes flavovirens 8,1 23 Rufous-browed Tyrannulet Phylloscartes superciliaris 10 24 Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis atricapillus 12,1 x 25 Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant Lophotriccus pileatus 14,5 x 26 Pale-eyed Pygmy-Tyrant Atalotriccus pilaris (new g.) 8 27 Southern Bentbill Oncostoma olivaceum 22,1 x 28 Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus sylvia 5,1 29 Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum 19 x 30 Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum nigriceps 15,1 x 31 Brownish Twistwing Cnipodectes subbrunneus 7,5 32 Eye-ringed Flatbill Rhynchocyclus brevirostris 1 33 Olivaceous Flatbill Rhynchocyclus olivaceus 17,1 34 Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens 11 35 Yellow-margined Flycatcher Tolmomyias assimilis 17,1 x 36 Brown-capped Tyrannulet Ornithion brunneicapillus 20 x 37 Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum 21,2 x 38 Mouse-colored Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina 7,1 39 Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola 11 40 Page 12 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus 20,1 2 Forest gaimardii 19,1 x 3 Gray Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps 3 4 Myiopagis viridicata 10 5 Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster 23 x 6 Elaenia chiriquensis 3,1 7 Rough-legged Tyrannulet Phyllomyias burmeisteri 8 Mistletoe Tyrannulet (split, n. name) Zimmerius parvus (n. sp. epi.) 22,1 x 9 Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus 5 10 Tufted Flycatcher Mitrephanes phaeocercus 13 x 11 Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi 5 12 Western Wood-Pewee Contopus sordidulus 1 13 Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus virens 3 14 Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus 6 15 Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris 1 16 Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax virescens 8,4 x 17 Alder Flycatcher Empidonax alnorum 18 Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii 1 19 Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans 14 20 Northern Scrub-Flycatcher Sublegatus arenarum 3 21 Pied Water-Tyrant Fluvicola pica 4 22 Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus 14 23 Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus 16,7 x 24 Chocó Sirystes (new name) Sirystes albogriseus (n.s.e.) 25 Rufous Mourner holerythra 15 x 26 Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer 21,2 x 27 Panama Flycatcher Myiarchus panamensis 21 x 28 Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus 17,5 x 29 Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa 30 Lesser Kiskadee Pitangus lictor 23 x 31 Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus 23 x 32 Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua 22 x 33 Rusty-margined Flycatcher cayanensis 23 x 34 Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis 23 x 35 Gray-capped Flycatcher Myiozetetes granadensis 6 x 36 White-ringed Flycatcher Conopias albovittatus 37 Myiodynastes maculatus 22 x 38 Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Myiodynastes luteiventris 39 Legatus leucophaius 11,1 40 Page 13 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus 2 Tropical Tyrannus melancholicus 23 x 3 Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus 1 4 Gray Kingbird Tyrannus dominicensis 9 5 Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana 23 x 6 Vireos, Shrike-Babblers & Erpornis Vireonidae 7 Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis 5,2 8 Scrub Greenlet Hylophilus flavipes 15,1 x 9 Green Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius pulchellus 23 x 10 Tawny-crowned Greenlet Tunchiornis ochraceiceps (n.g.) 11 Lesser Greenlet Pachysylvia decurtata (n. g.) 23 x 12 Golden-fronted Greenlet Pachysylvia aurantiifrons (n. g.) 20 13 White-eyed Vireo Vireo griseus 14 Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons 16 x 15 Philadelphia Vireo Vireo philadelphicus 8 16 Brown-capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys 1 17 Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus 2 18 Yellow-green Vireo Vireo flavoviridis 10,2 19 Black-whiskered Vireo Vireo altiloquus 20 Crows, Jays & Magpies Corvidae 21 Black-chested Jay Cyanocorax affinis 21 x 22 Swallows Hirundinidae 23 Blue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca 4 24 White-thighed Swallow Atticora tibialis (n.g.) 2 25 Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis 7 26 Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis 23 x 27 Purple Martin Progne subis 1 28 Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea 23 x 29 Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera 30 Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor 4 31 Mangrove Swallow Tachycineta albilinea 23 x 32 Bank Swallow Riparia riparia 3 33 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 16 34 Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota 2 35 Gnatcatchers (new family) Polioptilidae (new) 36 Tawny-faced Gnatwren Microbates cinereiventris 7,1 37 Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus 23 x 38 Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea 22 x 39 40 Page 14 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Troglodytidae 2 Scaly-breasted Wren (new name) Microcerculus marginatus 5,7 3 aedon 23 x 4 Ochraceous Wren Troglodytes ochraceus 19,4 x 5 White-headed Wren Campylorhynchus albobrunneus 9 6 Black-bellied Wren Pheugopedius fasciatoventris 20,2 h 7 Rufous-breasted Wren Pheugopedius rutilus (n. g.) 21 h 8 Rufous-and-white Wren Thryophilus rufalbus (n. genus) 18,4 h 9 Isthmian (Plain) Wren (new name) elutus (n. binomial) 21,1 x 10 Bay Wren Cantorchilus nigricapillus (n. g.) 21,1 x 11 Buff-breasted Wren Cantorchilus leucotis (n. g.) 17,2 12 White-breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucosticta 20,1 h 13 Gray-breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucophrys 18,2 x 14 Song Wren Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus 23 x 15 Mockingbirds & Thrashers Mimidae 16 Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis 2 17 Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus 23 x 18 Thrushes & Allies Turdidae 19 Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus aurantiirostris 3,1 20 Veery Catharus fuscescens 21 Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus 3 x 22 Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus 3 23 Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina 24 Pale-vented Thrush Turdus obsoletus 10 25 White-throated Thrush Turdus assimilis 2 26 Clay-colored Thrush Turdus grayi 23 x 27 Waxwings Bombycillidae 28 Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum 1 29 Old World Sparrows Passeridae 30 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 12 31 Wagtails & Pipits Motacillidae 32 Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens 33 , Euphonias & Allies Fringillidae 34 Yellow-crowned Euphonia Euphonia luteicapilla 22 x 35 Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris 23 x 36 Elegant Euphonia Euphonia elegantissima 2 37 Fulvous-vented Euphonia Euphonia fulvicrissa 21 x 38 White-vented Euphonia Euphonia minuta 6 h 39 Tawny-capped Euphonia Euphonia anneae 19 x 40 Lesser Goldfinch Spinus psaltria 14 x Page 15 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Thrush-Tanager (new family) Rhodinocichlidae (new) 2 Rosy Thrush-Tanager Rhodinocichla rosea 19,4 h 3 New World Sparrows (new name) Passerellidae (new) 4 Common Chlorospingus (new name) Chlorosping. flavopectus (n.s.e.) 23 x 5 Black-striped Sparrow Arremonops conirostris 23 x 6 Orange-billed Sparrow Arremon aurantiirostris 21,1 x 7 Chestnut-capped Brushfinch (1 word) Arremon brunneinucha 17 x 8 Sooty-faced Arremon crassirostris 9 Troupials & Allies Icteridae 10 Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus 11 Eastern magna 12 x 12 Red-breasted Meadowlark (new n.) Leistes militaris (new genus) 10 13 Yellow-billed Amblycercus holosericeus 7,1 14 Crested Psarocolius decumanus 17 15 Chestnut-headed Oropendola Psarocolius wagleri 23 x 16 Psarocolius montezuma 1,1 17 Scarlet-rumped Cacique Cacicus uropygialis 23 x 18 Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela 23 x 19 Black-cowled Oriole Icterus prosthemelas 20 Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius 19 21 Yellow-backed Oriole Icterus chrysater 23 22 Orange-crowned Oriole Icterus auricapillus 23 Yellow-tailed Oriole Icterus mesomelas 17 x 24 Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula 23 x 25 Shiny Molothrus bonariensis 10 26 Molothrus aeneus 2 27 Molothrus oryzivorus 16 28 Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus 23 x 29 New World Warblers Parulidae 30 Seiurus aurocapilla 2 31 Worm-eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorum 1 32 Louisiana Waterthrush Parkesia motacilla (n. genus) 10 x 33 Northern Waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis (n. g.) 20,1 34 Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera 20 x 35 Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora cyanoptera (n. s. epi.) 3 36 Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia 23 x 37 Protonotaria citrea 22 x 38 Tennessee Warbler Leiothlypis peregrina (n. genus) 23 x 39 Mourning Warbler Geothlypis philadelphia (n. g.) 14 40 Page 16 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Kentucky Warbler Geothlypis formosa (n. binomial) 7 2 Common Geothlypis trichas 4 3 Hooded Warbler citrina (new genus) 2 4 Setophaga ruticilla (new genus) 9 5 Cape May Warbler Setophaga tigrina (new genus) 6 Cerulean Warbler Setophaga cerulea (new genus) 1 7 Northern Parula Setophaga americana (n. genus) 1 8 Tropical Parula Setophaga pitiayumi (n. g.) 1 9 Magnolia Warbler Setophaga magnolia (n.g.) 10 10 Bay-breasted Warbler Setophaga castanea (n.g.) 23 x 11 Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca (new genus) 12 x 12 Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia (n. genus) 23 x 13 Chestnut-sided Warbler Setophaga pensylvanica (n.g.) 23 x 14 Blackpoll Warbler Setophaga striata (new genus) 9 15 Palm Warbler Setophaga palmarum (n. genus) 4 16 Yellow-rumped Warbler Setophaga coronata (n. genus) 4 17 Prairie Warbler Setophaga discolor (n. genus) 1 18 Black-throated Green Warbler Setophaga virens (new genus) 12 x 19 Rufous-capped Warbler Basileuterus rufifrons 18 x 20 Buff-rumped Warbler fulvicauda (n. g.) 8 x 21 Warbler Cardellina canadensis (n. g.) 10 22 Wilson's Warbler Cardellina pusilla (n. genus) 1 23 Mitrospingid Tanagers (new family) (new) 24 Dusky-faced Tanager cassinii 21,1 x 25 Cardinals & Allies Cardinalidae 26 Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava 18 x 27 Summer Tanager Piranga rubra 23 x 28 Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea 2 29 Western Tanager Piranga ludoviciana 30 Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica 18 x 31 Red-throated Ant-Tanager Habia fuscicauda 23 x 32 Carmiol's Tanager Chlorothraupis carmioli 10 x 33 Black-faced Grosbeak Caryothraustes poliogaster 3 34 Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus 13 35 Blue Seedeater Amaurospiza concolor 1 36 Blue-black Grosbeak Cyanoloxia cyanoides (n.genus) 16,2 x 37 Blue Grosbeak Passerina caerulea 4 38 Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea 1 39 Spiza americana 1 40 Page 17 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Tanagers & Allies Thraupidae 2 Gray-headed Tanager Eucometis penicillata 19 x 3 White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus 23 x 4 Tawny-crested Tanager Tachyphonus delatrii 22 x 5 White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus 16 x 6 Flame-rumped Tanager Ramphocelus flammigerus 23 x 7 Crimson-backed Tanager Ramphocelus dimidiatus 23 x 8 Blue-gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus 23 x 9 Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum 23 x 10 Ixothraupis guttata (new genus) 7 x 11 Golden-hooded Tanager Stilpnia larvata (new genus) 23 x 12 Plain-colored Tanager inornata 23 x 13 Rufous-winged Tanager Tangara lavinia 9 x 14 Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola 19 x 15 Emerald Tanager Tangara 10 x 16 Silver-throated Tanager Tangara icterocephala 23 x 17 Scarlet-thighed Dacnis Dacnis venusta 8 x 18 Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana 23 x 19 Shining Honeycreeper Cyanerpes lucidus 15 x 20 Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus 23 x 21 Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza 22 x 22 Sulphur-rumped Tanager Heterospingus rubrifrons 4 23 Black-and-yellow Tanager Chrysothlypis chrysomelas 15 x 24 Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola 11 x 25 Grassland Yellow-Finch Sicalis luteola 26 Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch Emberizoides herbicola 1 x 27 Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina 19 x 28 Ruddy-breasted Seedeater Sporophila minuta 10 x 29 Thick-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila funerea (n. binomial) 12 30 Variable Seedeater Sporophila corvina (new sp.e.) 23 x 31 Morelet's (W-c) Seedeater (split, n.n.) Sporophila morelleti (n. sp. epi.) 1 32 Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis 17 x 33 Slate-colored Seedeater Sporophila schistacea 3,1 34 Bananaquit Coereba flaveola 23 x 35 Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris olivaceus 19 x 36 Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus 23 x 37 Black-headed Saltator Saltator atriceps 18,1 x 38 Streaked Saltator Saltator striatipectus 19 39 Slate-colored Grosbeak Saltator grossus 17,3 x 40 Page 18 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 -- Reid's 1997 order and nomenclature 2 7 OPOSSUM species Family Didelphida 3 COMMON OPOSSUM Didelphis marsupialis 16 4 VIRGINIA OPOSSUM Didelphis virginiana 2 5 CENTRAL AMER. WOOLLY OPOSSUM Caluromys derbianus 7 6 GRAY FOUR-EYED OPOSSUM Philander opossum 1 7 NORTHERN TAMANDUA Tamandua mexicana 12 x 8 HOFFMANN'S TWO-TOED SLOTH Choloepus hoffmanni 22 x 9 BROWN-THROATED 3-TOED SLOTH Bradypus variegatus 23 x 10 NOR. NAKED-TAILED ARMADILLO Cabassous centralis 11 NINE-BANDED ARMADILLO Dasypus novemcinctus 6 12 78 BAT species Order Chiroptera 23 x 13 PROBOSCIS or LONG-NOSED BAT Rhynchonycteris naso 14 GREATER FISHING BAT Noctilio leporinus 1 15 LESSER FISHING BAT Noctilio albiventris 1 16 COMMON TENT-MAKING BAT Uroderma bilobatum 2 17 BROWN TENT-MAKING BAT Uroderma magnirostrum 1 x 18 ORANGE NECTAR BAR Lonchophylla robusta 1 19 CHESTNUT SAC-WINGED BAT Cormura brevirostris 1 20 FALSE VAMPIRE BAT Vampyrum spectrum 2 21 3 VAMPIRE BAT species Family Phyllostomidae 22 GEOFFROY'S TAMARIN Saguinus geoffroyi 22 x 23 PANAMANIAN NIGHT MONKEY Aotus lemurinus 7 24 WHITE-FACED CAPUCHIN MONKEY Cebus capuchinus 18 x 25 MANTLED HOWLER MONKEY Alouatta palliata 23 x 26 CENTRAL AMER. MONKEY Ateles geoffroyi 1 27 variegatoides 19 28 RED-TAILED SQUIRREL Sciurus granatensis 23 x 29 ALFARO'S PYGMY SQUIRREL Microsciurus alfari 6 x 30 WESTERN PYGMY SQUIRREL Microsciurus mimulus x 31 14 MOUSE or RAT species Order Rodentia 2 32 ROTHCHILD'S PORCUPINE Coendou rothschildi 4 33 LESSER Hydrochaeris isthmius 12 34 CENTRAL AMERICAN AGOUTI Dasyprocta punctata 23 x 35 PACA Agouti paca 36 3 SPINY or TREE RAT species Family Echimyidae 1 37 TAPITI or FOREST RABBIT [to 1500 m] Sylvilagus brasiliensis 11 38 COYOTE Canis latrans 7 39 GREATER GRISON Galictis vittata 1 40 RUFOUS TREE RAT Diplomys labilis x Page 19 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 GRAY FOX Urocyon cinereoargenteus 2 NORTHERN RACCOON Procyon lotor 3 -EATING RACCOON Procyon cancrivorous 1 4 WHITE-NOSED COATI Nasua nasua 23 x 5 KINKAJOU Potos flavus 16 x 6 ALLEN'S OLINGO (split) Bassaricyon alleni 6 x 7 LONG-TAILED WEASEL Mustela frenata 8 TAYRA Eira barbara 3 9 NEOTROPICAL RIVER OTTER Lutra longicaudis 1 10 OCELOT Felis pardalis 11 MARGAY Leopardus wiedii 12 JAGUARUNDI Felis yagouaroundi 13 PUMA Puma concolor 14 JAGUAR Panthera onca 15 WEST INDIAN MANATEE Trichechus manatus 16 BAIRD'S TAPIR Tapirus bairdii 17 COLLARED PECCARY Tayassu tajacu 4 18 WHITE-LIPPED PECCARY Tayassu pecari 19 WHITE-TAILED DEER Olocoileus virginianus 2 20 RED BROCKET Mazama americana 21 22 23 REPRESENTATIVE 24 Unidentified CATFISH species Order Siluriformes 23 x 25 Unidentified species Phylum Chordata 23 x 26 Unidentified TILAPIA species Tribe Tilapiini 1 27 28 REPRESENTATIVE REPTILES and AMPHIBIANS 29 From 1983 Costa Rican Natural History, D. Janzen, ed. 30 BRILLIANT FOREST Lithobates warszewitschii 6 31 RED-EYED TREEFROG Agalychnis callidryas 32 GIANT or MARINE TOAD Bufo marinus 6,3 33 TINK FROG Eleutherodactylus bransfordii 1,15 34 TREE FROG Hyla sp. 1 35 POISON DART FROG Dendrobates auratus 4 36 Unidentified LEAF FROG species Subfamily Phyllomedusinae 2 37 COMMON RAIN FROG Craugaster sp. 15,8 x 38 Unidentified FROG species Order Anura 15,8 39 Unidentified TOAD species Family Bufonidae 1 40 GALLIWASP LIZARD Diploglossus monotropis Page 20 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 JESUS CHRIST LIZARD Basiliscus basiliscus 17 x 2 MACROTEIID Ameiva spp. 15 3 CENTRAL AMER. WHIPTAIL LIZARD Ameiva festiva 13 4 COMMON or GREEN IGUANA Iguana iguana 20 x 5 CTENOSAUR or BLACK IGUANA Ctenosaura similis 3 x 6 YELLOW-HEADED GECKO Gonatodes albogularis 9 7 "INTRODUCED" GECKO AT TOWER Hemidactylus frenatus 23 x 8 GIANT GECKO Infraorder Gekkota 0,2 9 Unidentified GECKO species Infraorder Gekkota 1 10 ANOLIS LIZARD or ANOLE Anolis spp. 12 x 11 SKINK Sphenomorphus cherriei 3 12 RED or PAINTED WOOD TURTLE Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima 3 13 COMMON SLIDER Trachemys scripta 21 x 14 SOFT-SHELLED TURTLE Apalone spp. 1 15 AMERICAN CROCODILE Crocodylus acutus 9 16 SPECTACLED CAIMAN or BABA Caiman crocodilus 16 17 EYELASH VIPER or BOCARACA Bothrops schlegelii 18 FER-DE-LANCE or TERCIOPELO 1 19 BOA CONSTRICTOR Boa constrictor 3 20 BROWN VINE S. or BEJUQUILLA CAFÉ Oxybelis aeneus 2 21 GREEN V. SN. or BEJUQUILLA VERDE Oxybelis fulgidus 1 22 BUSHMASTER Lachesis muta 1 23 TIGER RAT SNAKE Spilotes pullatus 2 24 Unidentified SNAKE species Suborder Serpentes 9 25 GREEN PARROT SNAKE Leptophis ahaetulla 2 26 SIPO Chironius grandisquamis 1 27 No common name yet (split) Erythrolamprus epinephelus 1 28 COMMON CAT-EYED SNAKE Leptodeira sp. x 29 NEOTROPICAL CAECELIAN Dermophis sp. x 30 REPRESENTATIVE 31 Unidentified TARANTULA species Family Theraphosidae 4 32 Unid. ORB-WEAVER SPIDER species Family Araneidae 8 33 Unidentified SPIDER species Class Arachnida 23 x 34 CHIGGERS or COLORADI. [larval stage] Eutrombicula spp. 22 35 Unidentified TICK species Superfamily Ixodoidea 5 36 LEAF-CUTTER ANT Atta cephalotes 23 x 37 ARMY ANT Eciton burchelli 21 x 38 ACACIA ANT Pseudomyrmex ferruginea 13 39 BULLET ANT or BALA Paraponera clavata 11 40 FIRE ANT Solenopsis spp. 7 Page 21 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 CECROPIA or AZTECA ANT Azteca spp. 23 x 2 Unidentified ANT species Family Formicidae 23 x 3 SUNDOWN or CHICHARRAS Fidicina mannifera 12,9 x 4 ARBOREAL TERMITE Nasutitermes spp. 23 x 5 MOUND TERMITE Macrotermes spp. 5 6 Unidentified WATER STRIDER species Family Gerridae 12 x 7 Unidentified BUMBLEBEE species Bombus spp. 19 x 8 Unidentified species Suborder Apocrita 23 x 9 Unidentified PARASITIC WASP species Suborder Apocrita 3 10 TARANTULA WASP Pepsis spp. 4 11 Unidentified STINGLESS WASP species Suborder Apocrita 2 12 Unidentified ORCHID BEE species Tribe Euglossini 1 13 Unidentified PEGA PEGA BEE species Order Hymenoptera 16 x 14 HONEYBEE Apis spp. 3 15 FIDDLER CRAB Uca spp. 2 16 Unidentified MANGROVE CRAB sp. Infraorder Brachyura 10 17 Unidentified LAND CRAB species Infraorder Brachyura 3 18 Unidentified SCORPION species Order Scorpiones 2 19 ANT LION [larval stage] Mermeleon spp. 14 20 LARGE FOREST FLOOR MILLIPEDE Nyssodesmus python 6 21 Unidentified MILLIPEDE species Class Diplopoda 2 22 Unidentified STICK species Order Phasmatodea 11 23 YELLOW-BANDED METALLIC BUG Class Insecta 2 24 Unidentified species Order Coleoptera 23 25 Unidentified COCKROACH species Order Blattodea 16 26 ORNATE HELICOPTER DAMSELFLY Mecistogaster ornata 19 x 27 Unidentified DAMSELFLY species Suborder Zygoptera 22 28 AMBERWING DRAGONFLY Perithemis spp. 1 29 Unidentified DRAGONFLY species Suborder Epiprocta 23 x 30 Unidentified CRICKET species Suborder Ensifera 5 31 Large purple Tropidacris spp. 4 x 32 Unidentified GRASSHOPPER species Suborder Caelifera 23 33 Unidentified KATYDID species Family Tettigoniidae 15 x 34 Unidentified PRAYING species Order Mantodea 12 35 Unidentified CATERPILLAR species Order 16 36 Unidentified FIREFLY species Family Lampyridae 12 x 37 Unidentified FLY species Order Diptera 22 38 Unidentified MOSQUITO species Family Culicidae 23 x 39 Unidentified STINKBUG species Family Pentatomidae 2 40 Unidentified WHIRLIGIG BEETLE species Family Gyrinidae 3 Page 22 PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2020

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Unidentified MOTH species Order Lepidoptera 21 x 2 Unidentified LAND snail Class Gastropoda 1 3 Unidentified WORM species Phylum Annelida 2 4 Unidentified LEAFHOPPER species Family Cicadellidae 1 5 CALIGO or CREAM OWL Caligo memnon 23 x 6 MORPHO Morpho peleides 23 x 7 GLASS-WINGED BUTTERFLY Greta spp. 11 8 THOAS SWALLOWTAIL Heraclides thoas 1 9 KITE SWALLOWTAIL Eurytides spp. 1 10 DORIS LONGWING Heliconius doris 2 11 MALACHITE BUTTERFLY Siproeta stelenes 1 12 MONARCH BUTTERFLY Danaus plexippus 1 13 Unidentified CLEARWING species Family 3 14 TUTIA CLEARWING Ceratinia tutia dorilla 1 15 GLASSY-WINGED SKIPPER Xenophanes tryxus 1 16 HECALE LONGWING Heliconius hecale 1 17 TIGER-STRIPED LONGWING Heliconius ismenius 2 18 BANDED PEACOCK Anartia fatima 3 19 CONFUSA TIGERWING confusa 1 20 INCA METALMARK Aricoris incana 1 21 SULPHUR BUTTERFLY Subfamily Coliadinae 1 x 22 Unidentified BUTTERFLY species Order Lepidoptera 23 x 23 MANY BANDED DAGGERWING Mariposa chiron x 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Page 23

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