Why Was Emancipation Proclamation Significant
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Cutting Patterns in DW Griffith's Biographs
Cutting patterns in D.W. Griffith’s Biographs: An experimental statistical study Mike Baxter, 16 Lady Bay Road, West Bridgford, Nottingham, NG2 5BJ, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]) 1 Introduction A number of recent studies have examined statistical methods for investigating cutting patterns within films, for the purposes of comparing patterns across films and/or for summarising ‘average’ patterns in a body of films. The present paper investigates how different ideas that have been proposed might be combined to identify subsets of similarly constructed films (i.e. exhibiting comparable cutting structures) within a larger body. The ideas explored are illustrated using a sample of 62 D.W Griffith Biograph one-reelers from the years 1909–1913. Yuri Tsivian has suggested that ‘all films are different as far as their SL struc- tures; yet some are less different than others’. Barry Salt, with specific reference to the question of whether or not Griffith’s Biographs ‘have the same large scale variations in their shot lengths along the length of the film’ says the ‘answer to this is quite clearly, no’. This judgment is based on smooths of the data using seventh degree trendlines and the observation that these ‘are nearly all quite different one from another, and too varied to allow any grouping that could be matched against, say, genre’1. While the basis for Salt’s view is clear Tsivian’s apparently oppos- ing position that some films are ‘less different than others’ seems to me to be a reasonably incontestable sentiment. It depends on how much you are prepared to simplify structure by smoothing in order to effect comparisons. -
Camp Parapet: “Contraband” Camp
Camp Parapet: “Contraband” Camp Enslaved blacks who freed themselves by escaping to Union army camps during the Civil War were called “contraband of war”. Slaves from sugar plantations along the Mississippi made Camp Parapet a “contraband camp” after New Orleans was captured by Union navy and army in the spring of 1862. The camp commander, General John W. Phelps, refused to return runaway slaves to their owners. The planters complained about General Phelps to General Benjamin F. Butler, overall commander of Union troops in the New Orleans area: “My negro sam and his wife Mary left my farm, about 2 miles above Camp Parapet, on the morning of the 19th instant, before daylight…..I called on General Phelps…He could not give any redress, his views on the slavery question are different from any other I ever heard on this subject before.” W. Mitthoff to General Benjamin F. Butler, May 21,1862 “As the President of the Police Jury, Parish of Jefferson, Left Bank (East Bank), I feel it my duty to call your attention to the demoralizing effect on the serving population, not alone of this Parish, but of the whole state, by the course General Phelps adopted in refusing to return our servants.” W. Mitthoff to General Benjamin F. Butler, May 29, 1862 “Seven of my most valuable slaves have been for nearly a month at General Phelps’ camp, and all my efforts to get them back have proved unavailing.” Polycarpe Fortier to General Benjamin F. Butler, June 4, 1862 “ I am informed that two of my slaves, viz: Nancy, a negress, about 35 or 40 years old, and Louisa, a dark griff about 40 or 45 years old, are at the camp of General Phelps above Carrollton.” V. -
Andrew Hull Foote, Gunboat Commodore
w..:l ~ w 0 r:c Qo (:.L..Q r:c 0 (Y) ~OlSSIJr;v, w -- t----:1 ~~ <.D ~ r '"' 0" t----:1 ~~ co ~ll(r~'Sa ~ r--1 w :::JO ...~ I ' -I~~ ~ ~0 <.D ~~if z E--t 0 y ~& ~ co oQ" t----:1 ~~ r--1 :t.z-~3NNO'l ............. t----:1 w..:l~ ~ o::z z0Q~ ~ CONNECTICUT CIVIL WAR CENTENNIAL COMMISSION • ALBERT D. PUTNAM, Chairman WILLIAM J. FINAN, Vice Chairman WILLIAM J. LoWRY, Secretary ALBERT D. PUTNAM (CHAJRMAN) .. ......................... Hartf01'd HAMILTON BAsso .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. Westport PRoF. HAROLD J. BINGHAM ................................... New Britain lHOMAs J. CALDWELL ............................................ Rocky Hill J. DoYLE DEWITT ............................................ West Hartford RoBERT EISENBERG .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stratford WILLIAM J. FINAN ..................................................... W oodmont DANIEL I. FLETCHER . ........ ... ..... .. ... .... ....... .. ... Hartf01'd BENEDICT M. HoLDEN, JR. ................................ W est Hartford ALLAN KELLER . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Darien MRs. EsTHER B. LINDQUIST .................................. ......... Gltilford WILLIAM J. LoWRY .. .......................................... Wethersfield DR. WM. J. MAsSIE ............................................. New Haven WILLIAM E. MILLs, JR. ........................ ,....... ......... ........ Stamford EDwARD OLSEN .............................. .............. .. ..... Westbrook. -
African Americans and the Civil War Source Set Teaching Guide
TEACHING WITH PRIMARY SOURCES African Americans and the Civil War How should the African-American story of the Civil War be told? While slavery was the major issue separating the North and South, it was not slavery itself that sparked the conflict. The South wanted to secede from the Union, and the North refused. While President Abraham Lincoln personally opposed slavery, he recognized that it was legal under the U.S. Constitution at the time. He also recognized that few in the North were ready to go to war to free the slaves. For Lincoln and the northern majority, preservation of the Union was the foremost goal. Freed Slaves during the Civil War The “Negro question,” as it was called, became an important issue early in the conflict. Most slaves were in fact “liberated” when the Union Army eliminated the local southern forces that kept them in slavery. They simply left their plantations to seek their freedom under the protection of northern military units. Union commanders had to decide how to deal with them. Early in the fighting in border states, slaves were sometimes returned to their masters in the hope of encouraging support for the Union. However, as more and more slaves walked to freedom, the army made provisions to use them as a resource. The army hired many to work in non-military roles — cooks, wagon drivers, blacksmiths, laundresses — but until later in the conflict, racial prejudice prevented arming former slaves and allowing to fight. As the war progressed, however, African Americans could sign up for combat units. -
The Civil War
THE CIVIL WAR Ideas That Written by Robert E. Slavin, Kate Conway, and Alli Hoge Matter THE CIVIL WAR Written by Robert E. Slavin, Kate Conway, and Alli Hoge The Civil War © 2014 Success for All Foundation. All rights reserved. ISBN: 9781941010082 Developers: Robert E. Slavin, Kate Conway, Richard Gifford, Alli Hoge, Wendy Fitchett Editors: Dana Knighten, Marti Gastineau, Janet Wisner Designers: Barbara Colquitt, Susan Perkins Image Credits: © Artwork from A Woman’s Wartime Journal: an Account of the Passage over Georgia’s Plantation of Sherman’s Army on the March to the Sea, as Recorded in the Diary of Dolly Sumner Lunt (Mrs. Thomas Burge), pg. 32. This work is the property of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It may be used freely by individuals for research, teaching and personal use as long as this statement of availability is included in the text. Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike: Charles Edward (Civil War medicine display, pg. 30), David Shankbone (William Lloyd Garrison, pg.11), Robert Lawson (American Civil War graves, pg. 38) Library of Congress National Archives and Records Administration National Park Service Project Gutenberg Shutterstock.com: Anne Power, Brandon Alms, C. Kurt Holter, Hintau Aliaksei, Jim Parkin, Jose Gil, justasc, kstudija, malamalama, Microstock Man, Mirec, Nagel Photography, Picsfive, StockImage Group, Svetlana Larina, teacept, wanchai © Thinkstock.com: © Ingram Publishing, © iStockphoto, © Zoonar U.S. Army The mission of the Success for All Foundation is to develop and disseminate research-proven educational programs to ensure that all students, from all backgrounds, achieve at the highest academic levels. These programs were originally developed at Johns Hopkins University. -
Four Roads to Emancipation: Lincoln, the Law, and the Proclamation Dr
Copyright © 2013 by the National Trust for Historic Preservation i Table of Contents Letter from Erin Carlson Mast, Executive Director, President Lincoln’s Cottage Letter from Martin R. Castro, Chairman of The United States Commission on Civil Rights About President Lincoln’s Cottage, The National Trust for Historic Preservation, and The United States Commission on Civil Rights Author Biographies Acknowledgements 1. A Good Sleep or a Bad Nightmare: Tossing and Turning Over the Memory of Emancipation Dr. David Blight……….…………………………………………………………….….1 2. Abraham Lincoln: Reluctant Emancipator? Dr. Michael Burlingame……………………………………………………………….…9 3. The Lessons of Emancipation in the Fight Against Modern Slavery Ambassador Luis CdeBaca………………………………….…………………………...15 4. Views of Emancipation through the Eyes of the Enslaved Dr. Spencer Crew…………………………………………….………………………..19 5. Lincoln’s “Paramount Object” Dr. Joseph R. Fornieri……………………….…………………..……………………..25 6. Four Roads to Emancipation: Lincoln, the Law, and the Proclamation Dr. Allen Carl Guelzo……………..……………………………….…………………..31 7. Emancipation and its Complex Legacy as the Work of Many Hands Dr. Chandra Manning…………………………………………………..……………...41 8. The Emancipation Proclamation at 150 Dr. Edna Greene Medford………………………………….……….…….……………48 9. Lincoln, Emancipation, and the New Birth of Freedom: On Remaining a Constitutional People Dr. Lucas E. Morel…………………………….…………………….……….………..53 10. Emancipation Moments Dr. Matthew Pinsker………………….……………………………….………….……59 11. “Knock[ing] the Bottom Out of Slavery” and Desegregation: -
The Border South and the Secession Crisis, 1859-1861 Michael Dudley Robinson Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2013 Fulcrum of the Union: The Border South and the Secession Crisis, 1859-1861 Michael Dudley Robinson Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Robinson, Michael Dudley, "Fulcrum of the Union: The Border South and the Secession Crisis, 1859-1861" (2013). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 894. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/894 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. FULCRUM OF THE UNION: THE BORDER SOUTH AND THE SECESSION CRISIS, 1859- 1861 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Michael Dudley Robinson B.S. North Carolina State University, 2001 M.A. University of North Carolina – Wilmington, 2007 May 2013 For Katherine ii Acknowledgements Throughout the long process of turning a few preliminary thoughts about the secession crisis and the Border South into a finished product, many people have provided assistance, encouragement, and inspiration. The staffs at several libraries and archives helped me to locate items and offered suggestions about collections that otherwise would have gone unnoticed. I would especially like to thank Lucas R. -
Unit 7-Civil War and Reconstruction
Unit 7-Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 Unit 7 Vocabulary • Sectionalism – Concern for regional needs and interests. • Secede – To withdraw, including the withdrawal of states from the Union. • Blockade – Blocking off an area to keep supplies from getting in or out. • Emancipation – The act of giving someone freedom • Reconstruction – The act of rebuilding; Generally refers to the rebuilding of the Union following the Civil War. • Martial Law – The imposition of laws by a military authority, general in defeated territories. • Sharecropper – A tenant farmer who receives a portion of the crop. • Popular Sovereignty – Independent power given to the people. • The Democrats were the dominant political party, and had Political very little competition from the Parties Whig party. -Texans would vote for southern democrats until the 1980’s! • Sam Houston, though he never joined the party, supported the Know-Nothing party which opposed immigration to the United States. Know-Nothing party flag Republican Party • 1854 Northerners created the Republican Party to stop the expansion of slavery. Southerners saw the Republican party as a threat and talk of secession increased. (The act of a state withdrawing from the Union) Abolitionist movement • Beginning in the 1750s, there was a widespread movement after the American Revolution that believed slavery was a social evil and should eventually be abolished. • After 1830, a religious movement led by William Lloyd Garrison declared slavery to be a personal sin and demanded the owners repent immediately and start the process of emancipation. (Granting Freedom to slaves) An Abolitionist is someone who wanted to abolish slavery William Lloyd Garrison Slavery in the South • In 1793 with the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney, the south saw an explosive growth in the cotton industry and this greatly increased demand for slave labor in the South. -
Parenting and Childrearing: an Overview
Parenting and Childrearing: An Overview In addition to individual reunions with their loved Science Institute, vol. 18, pp. 175–180. Nashville, ones, Union soldiers were also welcomed home by the TN: Fisk University, 1945. nation as a whole in the first mass victory parade in Jackson, Maria. Interview recorded December 13, 1938. the country’s history. Known as the Grand Review of In The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, the Armies, it took place on two successive days, May 23 edited by George P. Rawick, Suppl. Series 2, vol. 1, and 24, 1865, in Washington. On the first day, 80,000 pp. 267–274. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, infantrymen from General Meade’s Army of the Poto- 1972–1979. mac marched down Pennsylvania Avenue twelve abreast, Lee, Robert E. Letter to his daughter, December 25, along with pieces of artillery and a seven-mile-long line 1861. Available online at http://www.stratford of cavalrymen. On the second day, 65,000 men from hall.org/decdoc/letter.html. General Sherman’s Army of Georgia passed in review, the Phelps, Elizabeth S. The Gates Ajar. Boston: Fields, infantrymen followed by the medical corps and civilians— Osgood, & Co., 1868. black families who had escaped from slavery. Within a week Pindar, A. ‘‘Goober Peas.’’ New Orleans: A. E. both armies were officially disbanded. The Grand Review Blackmar, 1866 [sheet music]. A MIDI file is was so moving to the participants, however, that it was available at http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/lyrics/ repeated by 40,000 surviving veterans 50 years later—in gooberp.htm. -
Writings on the American Civil War Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Writings on the North American Civil War
Writings on the American Civil War Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Writings on the North American Civil War Karl Marx: The North American Civil War October, 1861 The Trent Case November, 1861 The Anglo-American Conflict November, 1861 Controversy Over the Trent Case December, 1861 The Progress of Feelings in England December, 1861 The Crisis Over the Slavery Issue December, 1861 News from America December, 1861 The Civil War in the United States October, 1861 The Dismissal of Frémont November, 1861 http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1860/uscivwar/index.htm (1 of 2) [23/08/2000 17:11:09] Writings on the American Civil War Friedrich Engels: Lessons of the American Civil War December, 1861 Marx/Engels Works Archive http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1860/uscivwar/index.htm (2 of 2) [23/08/2000 17:11:09] http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1860/uscivwar/index-lg.jpg http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1860/uscivwar/index-lg.jpg [23/08/2000 17:11:31] The North American Civil War Karl Marx The North American Civil War Written: October 1861 Source: Marx/Engels Collected Works, Volume 19 Publisher: Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1964 First Published: Die Presse No. 293, October 25, 1861 Online Version: marxists.org 1999 Transcribed: Bob Schwarz HTML Markup: Tim Delaney in 1999. London, October 20, 1861 For months the leading weekly and daily papers of the London press have been reiterating the same litany on the American Civil War. While they insult the free states of the North, they anxiously defend themselves against the suspicion of sympathising with the slave states of the South. -
Anaconda Plan/Union Blockade/Confederate Blockade Runners
Anaconda Plan/Union Blockade/Confederate Blockade Runners By:Elishah and Gavin Interesting facts about The Anaconda plan Interesting facts about The Anaconda Plan ● The Anaconda plan is a name applied to a union Army outline strategy for suppressing the confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War. ● The main purpose of the Anaconda plan was to defeat the rebellion by blockading southern parts and controlling the Mississippi river.This would isolate the south from the outside world. ● 90% was the confederate ships. They were able to break through the blockade in 1801 ● The plan had 3 Parts: ● Blockade of southern coastline. ● Take control of Mississippi river. ● Take richmond Virginia Interesting facts about The Union Blockade Interesting facts about The Union Blockade ● The Union blockade began just a few weeks after the start of the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln announced it on April 19, 1861. ● the Union continued to blockade the South throughout the Civil War until the war ended in 1865. ● The blockade idea was instituted by the Federal government just days after the firing on Fort Sumter which official started the Civil War. ● The Union Navy captured or destroyed around 1,500 blockade runner ships during the course of the Civil War. ● The blockade covered around 3,500 miles of coastline and 180 ports. Interesting facts about The Confederate Blockade Runners Interesting facts about The Confederate Blockade Runners ● On April 19, 1861, one week after Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, President Abraham Lincoln ordered the blockade. ● During the first two years of the Civil War, the blockade had very limited success. -
1860 Stephen Douglas John Breckinridge Abraham Lincoln John
1860 Circle the winner ______________, Stephen Douglas , Northern Democrat __________________John Breckinridge , Abraham________________ Lincoln , ____________John Bell Southern Democrat Republican Constitutional Union Platform: Platform: Platform: Platform: • enforce the Fugitive Slave • unrestricted • no expansion of slavery • preserve the Union Act expansion of slavery • protective tariffs • allow territories to vote on • annexation of Cuba • internal improvements practice of slavery CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE, December 1860 • In an attempt to ____________________________________________________,keep the nation together Senator John J. Crittenden proposed a compromise that ___________________________________________________offered concessions to the South including: • ________________________________Guaranteeing the existence of slavery in the South • Extending the ______________________________Missouri Compromise to the western territories • The compromise _______________failed • December 20, 1860 - _______________________South Carolina voted to secede from the Union • Many Southerners in ______________________________________President Buchanan’s cabinet resigned and his administration fell apart. • When Buchanan became president, there were _______32 states in the Union. • When he left, there were ______.25 Jefferson Davis, 1861 CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA • ______________________________________________________________________Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas joined South Carolina in voting to secede. • Together