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1860 Stephen Douglas John Breckinridge Abraham Lincoln John

1860 Stephen Douglas John Breckinridge Abraham Lincoln John

1860 Circle the winner

______, Stephen Douglas , Northern Democrat ______John Breckinridge , Abraham______Lincoln , ______John Bell Southern Democrat Republican Constitutional Union Platform: Platform: Platform: Platform: • enforce the Fugitive Slave • unrestricted • no expansion of • preserve the Union Act expansion of slavery • protective tariffs • allow territories to vote on • annexation of • internal improvements practice of slavery

CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE, December 1860 • In an attempt to ______,keep the nation together Senator John J. Crittenden proposed a compromise that ______offered concessions to the South including: • ______Guaranteeing the existence of slavery in the South • Extending the ______Missouri Compromise to the territories • The compromise ______failed

• December 20, 1860 - ______South Carolina voted to secede from the Union • Many Southerners in ______President Buchanan’s cabinet resigned and his administration fell apart.

. • When Buchanan became president, there were ______32 states in the Union. • When he left, there were ______.25 , 1861 CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA • ______Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, , and joined in voting to secede. • Together the seceded states created the ______Confederate States of America and elected ______Jefferson Davis as their president, and established their capital in ______Richmond, • When it became clear that President was going to use force against the South, the Upper South ( ______Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights reserved rights All Gal. Copyright©2017History ______)Virginia, , Tennessee and Arkansas also seceded 1 • ______4 slave states remained in the Union (Border States): • ______MARYLAND - resorted to ______martial law to keep the state under Federal control • ______MISSOURI - ______Union troops prevented pro-Southerners from gaining control, ______guerrilla forces sympathetic to the South caused problems throughout the war • ______KENTUCKY - voted to remain ______,neutral North waited for South to violate neutrality before sending in Union troops and forcing to remain in the Union • DELAWARE______Complete the key and color the map.

What 2 states joined the Union during the Civil War?

West Virginia and Nevada .

• The immediate problem posed by the secession of the southern states were the ______Federal forts occupied by Federal troops now located in the ______Confederate States of America • in ______South Carolina was cut off from Federal supplies and reinforcements • Buchanan refused to ______act with force during his last days as president, instead opting to leave the problem to ______. • Lincoln announced he would ______send provisions to the troops at Ft. Sumter

Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights rights Allreserved Gal. Copyright©2017History • 4 am on April 12, 1861, South Carolina fired upon ______Ft. Sumter and the ______Civil War began 2 NORTH () SOUTH (Confederate States of America) AKA - Union, Federals, & Billy Yanks AKA - Confederacy, Rebels & Johnny Reb Uniform Color ______Blue ______Gray

Number of ______( & Nevada are not States 23 ______11 included in this number) • ______New , untried government • ______States had more power than the • a working and established ______government Government central government which made collecting • Capital: ,______D.C. taxes and passing laws difficult • Capital: ______Richmond, Virginia ______22 million and the number Population continued to increase as immigrants ______,9 million 3.5 million of which were slaves flowed in during the war years

• contained 85%_____ of the nation’s factories • ______limited industry • contained 90% of skilled workers • had to rely on ______for its war Industry imports • ______materials making it vulnerable to able to produce all of the supplies Northern ______and weapons needed for the war • extensive ______railroad system meant men • ______inadequate railroad system and supplies could be moved quickly (contained less than 30% of nation’s • large group of ______merchant marines Transportation (shipping vessels and the people that railroad mileage) worked on them) •few______merchant ships or naval vessels • ______naval supremacy • controlled ______70% of nation’s wealth • Was hurt by ______,Northern blockades • To fund the war, the North: unwillingness of foreign banks to provide • levied high tariffs on ______imports large loans, and opposition to direct taxation by the Confederate government Finances • introduced an ______income tax • To fund the war, the South: • issued paper money called • ______raised excise taxes ______greenbacks that were not backed by gold, but by the government • sold government bonds • sold government bonds to banks and . • ______individuals issued paper money • very few experienced officers since most • superior military leadership joined the Confederate army when their • Southerners were accustomed to life in the home state seceded outdoors, the use of weapons, and riding • city dwellers and factory workers were not horses Military prepared for the life of a soldier and needed • had the advantage of fighting on their own Forces a lot of training soil • had to fight an offensive war • drafted men between ages of 18-35 except • drafted men between the ages of 20-45, but those who owned 20 or more slaves (about

Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights reserved rights All Gal. Copyright©2017History those who did not want to fight could find a 10% of slave owners owned more than 20 3 substitute or pay $300 slaves) Lt. Gen. General Robert E. Lee Gen. Known as a brilliant military Commander of the Served under Robert E. Lee tactician, was also an early Confederate Army of and was key in winning many member of the Northern Virginia battles, died in 1863

Major Gen. George Pickett

General J.E.B. Stuart Gen. Best known for leading the futile Pickett’s Charge on the rd . 3 day of the Battle of Calvary Commander of the Gettysburg Commander of Army Army of Northern Virginia of Northern Virginia, joined the Republican Party after the war and had a successful post-war career working in the U.S. government

Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights rights Allreserved Gal. Copyright©2017History 4 Gen. Albert Sidney Johnson General Joseph Johnson General P.G.T. Beauregard

Killed during the Battle of Highest ranking U.S. officer to Commanded armies in the Shiloh and was the highest resign and join the Western theater, surrendered ranked officer on either side Confederacy, fought against to General Sherman at Bennett to be killed in the war Sherman during his March to Farm in Durham, NC in the the Sea and later surrendered largest surrender of at Bennett Farm on April 26, Confederate troops on April

1865 26, 1865 . General Ulysses S. Grant

Led troops to victory in Tennessee George B. McClellan and Mississippi, and, in 1864, became Commanding General of Union Army Organized and led Union army during the 1862 , removed after the Battle

Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights rights Allreserved Gal. Copyright©2017History of Antietam 3 Gen. Gen. Hancock Farragut

1864, became commander of Best known for his leadership Western forces, his March to the Led the Union to victory during the Sea devastated the Confederacy in

Gen. Winfield Scott General George Custer General Hero of the Mexican-American War, Commanding General of the Had a successful career during the U.S. Army until 1861, came up with Civil War and, in 1867, was the dispatched to lead troops in the Led troops to victory in North West against the Native Americans Carolina and Tennessee but suffered a disastrous defeat at Fredericksburg (and the term “sideburns” was derived from his

fashionable whiskers) .

General After the disastrous defeat at 2nd Bull General John Pope Run, he was sent West to command Union Commanded the Army of the forces in the 1862 Dakota War Potomac, best known for leading Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights rights Allreserved Gal. Copyright©2017History the Union to victory at Gettysburg 6 • Women supported the ______war relief efforts at home • They ran ______farms and businesses while the men were away • An estimated 400-750 women ______disguised themselves as men and fought as soldiers • Some women served as spies______• Thousands of women served as ______nurses Rose O'Neal Greenhow

Pauline Cushman Confederate spy

Confederate spy Acted as a spy for the Union

Established a . network of Union spies made up of former slaves

Clara Barton Nurse

Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights rights Allreserved Gal. Copyright©2017History 7 • Also known as the ______BATT LE OF MANASSAS • LOCATION: Bull Run Creek at Manassas Junction, VA • Union troops ______were sent running back to D.C. by Stonewall Jackson and Confederate troops • Confederate______victory • Ended ______the idea that it would be a short war CAUSALITY V. FATALITY • Battle statistics often list casualties • It is important to note that a casualty is ______not the same as a fatality • A fatality is someone who was ______killed during the course of the battle • A casualty is someone who was ______killed, wounded, missing, or captured ______during the battle • Throughout the war, soldiers could be listed as a casualty ______multiple times • At the 1st Battle of Bull Run, there were approximately ______4600 total casualties • This number includes ______Union and Confederate soldiers who were killed, wounded, and missing after the battle ended

• The ______Union war strategy was called the Anaconda Plan • It consisted of 3 parts: (1) Use the Navy to ______blockade Southern ports to cut off essential supplies from reaching the South (2) Divide the Confederacy in two by taking the ______Mississippi River (3) Raise and an army 500,000 strong to take ______Richmond (the ______capital of Confederate States of America) .

• The Union extended over 3500______miles along the Atlantic coast and the Gulf of • The Confederacy used ______ships (most made in Britain) called blockade runners to break through the blockade • These ships were built for speed______and they tried to cross through the blockade ______undetected at night • Throughout the war, the blockade runners had about an ______80% success rate • The Union captured about ______1100 blockade runners and destroyed about ______355

Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights reserved rights All Gal. Copyright©2017History 8 , 1861 • ______U.S. Navy intercepted the British RMS Trent and removed ______two Confederate diplomats from the ship ( and James Mason) who were on their way to Britain and France to champion the Confederate cause • Incident caused tension between the ______Union and Britain • ______Union bowed to pressure and ______released the diplomats CSS ALABAMA, 1862 - 1864 • Confederatecommercial ______raiders like the CSS Alabama attacked Union merchant ships ______around the world in an attempt to draw Union ships away from the ______blockade • In 1864, CSS Alabama was sunk off the coast of ______France • The Confederacy hoped thatEuropean ______countries would intervene on their behalf, but Great Britain and other European countries found new sources of cotton______and they stayed out of the war

• The conflict between ______Native Americans and the United States did not end just because there was a war going on between the ______Union and the Confederacy • Some Native American nations chose sides • ______Cherokee Nation sided with the Confederates • The Union kept a military presence in the Western ______territories and dispatched troops when conflict arose • ______U.S.- in ______• Kit Carson led troops against the ______Navajo and Apache and the occasional Confederate troops in what will become ______New Mexico • 1864 - ______Sand Creek Massacre - Union troops attacked and destroyed a Cheyenne village

• The Peninsula Campaign was the ______Union plan to invade Virginia • It was the first ______large scale offensive launched by the North • General ______George B. McClellan was cautious in engaging the Confederate troops and, as a result, his . forces were stopped by General ______Robert E. Lee • ______North lost, McClellan retreated back to and was replaced by John Pope

• Feb. 1862 - Union forces led by ______Ulysses S. Grant gained control over Fort Henry on the ______Tennessee River followed by Fort Donelson on the ______Cumberland River • These victories ensured ______Kentucky would remain in the Union and opened up the state of ______Tennessee _ Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights reserved rights All Gal. Copyright©2017History to Union attacks 9 • Also known as the BATT______LE OF • LOCATION – near Hampton Roads, Virginia • Naval______battle between ______2 iron clad ships • Merrimac - Southern______ship • Monitor - ______Northern ship • Ended in a draw ( ______)tie • Significance - revolutionized______future naval warfare, wooden ships became outdated

• Approximately ______620,000 soldiers died during the Civil War • Most soldiers did not die from battle______, wounds instead they died from ______infection and disease • The high ______infection and disease rates were because people did not understand what caused infections and what led to the spread of disease • The common ______sanitary practices that we use today like ______washing hands, cleaning wounds, and ______sterilizing surgery equipment were not used • Chloroform, ether, and whiskey were used as anesthetics (______)pain killers during surgery but many surgeries were performed without anesthesia

• Also known as the ______BATT LE OF PITT SBURG LANDING • LOCATION - ______Tennessee • The ______Confederate army under Albert Johnson surprise attacked Grant’s army • The ______Union won the battle at a heavy cost • ______23,000 total casualties

• ______Led the to victory and captured New Orleans .

• LOCATION: Bull Run Creek at Manassas Junction, VA • General Lee took advantage of change in Union generals to strike quickly • ______Confederate victory • Union army ______withdrew to Washington, D.C. Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights reserved rights All Gal. Copyright©2017History 10 • Also known as the ______BATT LE OF SHARPSBURG • LOCATION - Antietam Creek in Sharpsburg, MD • General Lee led the Southern army into Maryland ( ______)an offensive move into Union territory • Lee hoped that a victory in the North would convince ______Britain to give recognition and support to the Confederacy • General McClellan learned of Lee’s plan and intercepted Lee at Antietam • The resulting battle was ______the bloodiest day of combat during the Civil War • Approximately ______6,000 died, ______were17,000 wounded • The battle ended with ______no real victor although it will end up hurting the ______South the most • Lee retreated, McClellan failed to follow and was replaced by General Burnside A TURNING POINT: • Because the South did not win decisively, ______Great Britain did not grant them recognition or financial support

• The Emancipation Proclamation was an ______executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln • He announced the proclamation in ______September 1863 and gave the Confederate states over 3 months to cease their and return to the Union as slaveholding states • The Confederate states refused and the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect on ______January 1, 1863 • It proclaimed that slaves in the ______rebelling states (NOT the ______)Border States were free • It meant that the Union was now fighting against ______,slavery not just a rebellion • Since Great Britain was strongly against slavery, the proclamation made it even more difficult for the ______British to offer support to the Confederacy • About ______25% of the South’s slave population walked away from slavery and towards the . protection of the Union army

• About ______African200,000 Americans served in the segregated Union army and Navy (about 10% of Union forces) • ______54th Regiment

Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights reserved rights All Gal. Copyright©2017History • Approximately, ______37,000 died fighting in the war 11 Approximately ______3 million soldiers fought in the Civil War The average Union soldier was • ______25.8 years old • ______white • ______native-born • ______Protestant • A white Union private was paid ______$13/month • An African American Union private was paid ______$7/month (until pay became equal in 1864)

• The average age of a Confederate soldier is ______,unknown but by the end of the war, young boys and old men were drafted to fight

The average Confederate soldier was • ______white • ______native-born • ______Protestant • ______a farmer Jacks Hardtack • A Confederate private was paid ______$11/month but often went months without receiving pay

• A soldier spent most of his time in ______camp • When they were not training they passed their time by: • ______Writing letters • Playing ______games (checkers, card games, jacks, dominoes) • ______Making music • Whittling • Smoking and drinking • Union and Confederate soldiers mostly ate the same kind of food • ______(hard biscuits made from flour, water, and, if available, salt) . Hardtack • Salt______pork or beef • Corn______meal • ______Coffee • Whatever food could be ______scavenged from the area like local fruits and vegetables and livestock • By the end of the war, a financially strapped Confederacy resulted in ______starving ______soldiers Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights reserved rights All Gal. Copyright©2017History 12 Upon hearing of Jackson’s death, • General Burnside attacked Lee in Fredericksburg, VA and ______lost General Lee • It was a ______reportedly stated, “I reckless attack by the Union have lost my right • The Union had ______12,000 casualties compared to the Confederacy’s arm.” ______5,000 casualties

• LOCATION - near Fredericksburg, Virginia • ______Confederate victory • Over ______30,000 total casualties • Confederate ______General Stonewall Jackson was wounded by friendly fire and died 8 days later

• LOCATION - Vicksburg, Mississippi (______)gateway to • ______Grant’s army lay siege to the fortified city of Vicksburg • July 4th -the______Confederates surrendered • Over ______30,000 total casualties • Victory meant the Union controlled the ______Mississippi River and isolatedTexas, ______Louisiana, ______fromArkansas the rest of the Confederacy

• LOCATION - Gettysburg, ______Pennsylvania • Lee took his army north was surprised at Gettysburg, PA • ______Union victory and Lee retreated • Over ______50,000 total casualties • Significance - ______Lee would never again go on the offensive . • One of the most well known parts of the battle occurred on the 3rd day – ______Pickett’s Charge • General George Pickett led ______15,000 confederate soldiers in a charge against ______the Union center line on Cemetery Ridge • This tactic is not as crazy as it sounds –the______Confederate army had successfully used large ______scale charges before and broken through Union lines • However, this time the Union soldiers ______held their ground and it resulted in a disastrous ______7,000 Confederate casualties Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights reserved rights All Gal. Copyright©2017History 13 • About ______400,000 Union and Confederate soldiers were captured by enemy forces and became prisoners of war • Both sides ______routinely negotiated prisoner exchanges • ______Thousands died while being held as prisoners • The worst prison camps: • ______Andersonville, Georgia • ______Elmira,

• LOCATION - ______Northwest Georgia • The Confederate army forced the Union army to ______retreat to Chattanooga, TN • Over ______34,000 total casualties

• LOCATION - Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, Tennessee • Union forces defeated the ______Confederates and ______pushed them back into Georgia • Over ______11,000 casualties

• Part of Grant’s ______Overland Campaign • A 6 week series of battles fought ______within 100 miles of Richmond, Virginia • LOCATION - Spotsylvania, ______Virginia • No ______clear winner • Over ______59,000 total casualties

• Part of the ______Overland Campaign . • LOCATION - Hanover County, Virginia • ______Confederate victory • ______18,000 total casualties

It’s 1864, the war that both sides thought would be quick, has lasted over 3 years with no end in sight. People in the North are growing tired of the war and with the presidential election of 1864, just months away, President Lincoln faces the very real possibility that he will not be re-elected. What do you think will help convince people to support Lincoln and the war? Why?

Answers will vary Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights reserved rights All Gal. Copyright©2017History 14 • Most soldiers were issued a ______rifle or musket with______a bayonet • Officers often carried ______andswords ______small arms like a revolver MINIE BALLS • Created in 1848, these ______bullets improved the ______range ______ofand accuracy the guns used during the Civil War • They easily penetrated the body and shattered bones ______increasing the need for amputation GATLING GUN • Designed by Dr. Richard Gatling in ______1861 • This ______rapid fire, hand-cranked gun was first used in combat by the Union army during the Civil War • Could shoot about 200 rounds of bullets in 1 minute • Predecessor to the ______machine gun LONG AND SHORT RANGE • You might call these , but by the time of the Civil War, they are called ______guns and mortars • Their purpose was to fire ______projectiles to inflict ______damage to structures and enemy soldiers • The size and shape of the ______gun determined the ______range of projectile • Some artillery shots were one solid ball to ______to blast holes into structures • Others were mass______of solid balls packed together designed to inflict maximum damage to advancing enemy soldiers • Shrapnel Shells were also used and when these exploded, ______smaller pieces of metal flew out and hit the ______surrounding soldiers

. • The Civil War was the first______American war to be documented by ______photographs • A corps of field photographers including ______Mathew Brady and Alexander Gardner followed the ______Union troops throughout the duration of the war • Due to the elaborate and delicate photography procedure, it was extremely difficult to ______to take photographs during the actual battles • Most of the images from the Civil War are ______still images like camp scenes, portraits, Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights rights Allreserved Gal. Copyright©2017History preparation for battle, group photographs, and the aftermath of battles 15 • Part of the ______Overland Campaign • LOCATION - Petersburg, ______Virginia • Petersburg was the ______thatcritical junction of 5 railroad lines supplied the city of Richmond and Lee’s army • The siege was a series of battles fought around Petersburg and Richmond, Virginia • April 2, 1865, Lee ordered the evacuation of ______Petersburg and Richmond • On April 3, ______the cities surrendered • Over ______11,000 total casualties

• Military campaign led by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman from ______Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia We’re “not only fighting • Sherman’s force of 62,000 men destroyed everything the hostile armies, but a hostile ______enemy might use (scorched earth policy) people…” We need to “make old and young, rich and poor, • First time in U.S. history ______feel the hard hand of war” that______civilian centers became military targets and end this war. • September 1864 - Sherman captured ______Atlanta, GA • November 1864 - Sherman ______burned Atlanta • December 1864 - Sherman captured ______Savannah, GA • From Savannah, Sherman headed north to Columbia,______SC (capital of SC) and captured the city in February 1865 • After the capture of Columbia, Sherman’s army continued their path of destruction through ______South Carolina and into North Carolina

1864 Circle the winner . This election could have easily gone against Lincoln. Sherman’s ______capture of Atlanta ______helped him immensely and Lincoln won a very close popular election. George______McClellan , Abraham Lincoln , Republican

Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights reserved rights All Gal. Copyright©2017History ______Democrat 16 • After the , ______retreatedLee and his troops from Richmond and headed west intending to join up with ______Confederate forces in North Carolina • However, on ______,April 9, 1865 Lee’s army battled Union forces and was forced to surrender at ______Appomattox Court House, Virginia TERMS OF SURRENDER: • Soldiers would not be ______imprisoned or prosecuted for • Officers could ______keep their pistols and swords • Soldiers could ______take home their horses and mules • Lee was given______food rations to distribute to his starving army • Lee’s surrender signaled the end of the war, but ______fighting continued in the Carolinas, Georgia, and

• April 14, 1865 - ______John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln at ______Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C. • A co-conspirator attacked and wounded Secretary of State ______William Seward • Upon Lincoln’s death, Vice President ______Andrew Johnson became president

• ______– the largest surrender of Confederate troops occurred when April 26, 1865 Generals Johnston and Beauregard surrendered to General ______Sherman at the home of James Bennett (called Bennett Place) near Durham,North ______Carolina • The ______89,270 Confederate soldiers were given the same ______assurrender terms the soldiers at Appomattox • The war was over

• Supremacy of the Federal government over the state became ______treated as fact • ______Inflation

. • Worthless Confederate dollars left Southerners ______bankrupt • ______Women went to work • End of ______slavery • More than ______620,000 died in the war (includes those who died in battle, from battle wounds, from disease & infection, and in prison camps) • ______in$15 billion war costs and property losses (the majority in the South) • The South ______lay in ruin from the fields and farms to the cities Copyright©2017History Gal. All rights rights Allreserved Gal. Copyright©2017History • Helped transform the Northeast into an ______industrial power 17

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