DOCSLIB.ORG

Formulation of Territorial Action Plans for Coastal Protection and Management

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Formulation of Territorial Action Plans for Coastal Protection and Management this project is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund Eu project COASTANCE FINAL REPORT phase C Component 4 Territorial Action Plans for coastal protection and management Formulation of territorial Action Plans for coastal protection and management 96 95 94 93 PARTNERSHIP Region of Eastern Macedonia & Thrace (GR) - Lead Partner Regione Lazio (IT) Region of Crete (GR) Département de l’Hérault (FR) Regione Emlia-Romagna (IT) Junta de Andalucia (ES) The Ministry of Communications & Works of Cyprus (CY) Dubrovnik Neretva County Regional Development Agency (HR) a publication edit by Direzione Generale Ambiente e Difesa del Suolo e della Costa Servizio Difesa del Suolo, della Costa e Bonifica responsibles Roberto Montanari, Christian Marasmi - Servizio Difesa del Suolo, della Costa e Bonifica editor and graphic Christian Marasmi authors Roberto Montanari, Christian Marasmi - Regione Emilia-Romagna, Servizio Difesa del Suolo, della Costa e Bonifica Mentino Preti, Margherita Aguzzi, Nunzio De Nigris, Maurizio Morelli - ARPA Emilia-Romagna, Unità Specialistica Mare e Costa Maurizio Farina - Servizio Tecnico Bacino Po di Volano e della Costa Michael Aftias, Eleni Chouli - Ydronomi, Consulting Engineers Philippe Carbonnel, Alexandre Richard - Département de l’Hérault INDEX Background and strategic framework 2 The COASTANCE project 6 Component 4 strategy framework 8 Component 4 results: coastal and sediment management plans 10 Relevance of project’s outputs and results in the EU policy framework and perspectives 10 Limits and difficulties encountered in implementation and development opportunities 11 Formulation of Coastal Protection and Management 14 Plans in the Pilot site: Region of East Macedonia and Thrace General characteristics of REMTH coastline 14 Selection of the pilot site 17 Characteristics of the pilot site: Kariani beach 20 Sedimentary Microcells and erosion/accretion rates 22 Socio economic characteristics of the pilot site 27 Transportation infrastructure/Social infrastructure/Local industrial buildings 28 Illustration of policy options assumed in relation to pilot site specific characteristics 29 Objectives for coastal stretches geometry arrangement 30 Program of interventions, including priorities, with project preliminary indications 31 Estimation of economic resources needed 33 Indication on sustainable exploitation of sediment stocks 34 Indication for possible upgrading of policies and intervention for river solid transport 35 enhancement and subsidence mitigation Formulation of Coastal Protection and Management 36 Plans in the Pilot site: Region of Crete General characteristics of Crete coastline 36 Selection of the pilot site 38 Characteristics of the pilot site: Keratokampos 38 Socio-economic characteristics of Crete/Keratokampos pilot site 43 Social infrastructure/Transportation infrastructure 43 Illustration of policy options assumed in relation to pilot site specific characteristics 43 Objectives for coastal stretches geometry arrangement 45 Program of interventions, including priorities, with project preliminary indications 46 Estimation of economic resources needed 47 Indication on sustainable exploitation of sediment stocks 48 Formulation of Coastal Protection and Management 50 Plans in the Pilot site: The Ministry of Communications & Works of Cyprus General characteristics of Cyprus coastline 50 Selection of the pilot site 52 Characteristics of the pilot site 52 Sedimentary sub-cells 54 Critical coastal sub-cells and areas exposed at risk by erosion and submersion 57 Beach sediment characterization 58 Socio-economic characteristics of the pilot site 59 Illustration of policy options assumed in relation to pilot site specific characteristics 60 Objectives for coastal stretches geometry arrangement 61 Program of interventions, including priorities, with project preliminary indications 62 Estimation of economic resources needed 62 Indication on sustainable exploitation of sediment stocks 63 Indication for possible upgrading of policies and intervention for river solid transport 64 enhancement and subsidence mitigation Formulation of Coastal Protection and Management 66 Plans: Département de l’Hérault Actual state-of-the-art of coastal zone and critical stretches 66 Illustration of policy options assumed in relation to site specific characteristics 67 Objectives for coastal stretches geometry arrangement 67 Program of interventions, including priorities, with project preliminary indications 68 Estimation of economic resources needed 69 Indication on sustainable exploitation of sediment stocks 70 Good practices for beach sediments sustainable management 71 Management plan organization 71 Propositions for the sediments management plan of the Gulf of Lion 76 Formulation of Coastal Protection and Management 80 Plans: Emilia-Romagna Region Coastal setup and management policies 80 Beach sediment management 82 Off-shore sources 84 On-shore sources away from coastal system 86 On-shore sand sources 90 Knowledge reorganisation for the development of shared management tools: SICELL 99 Significative stretches and maps of the relation between interventions and sources 101 Program of interventions, including priorities based on critical zones 115 Analysis and remodulation proposals fro coastal defence works 116 Policies encouraging river solid transport 123 Actions aimed at the reduction of subsidence 124 Conclusions, capitalisation perspectives and networking 125 Bibliografy 130 COASTANCE Component 4 - Phase C report Background and strategic framework The coastal zones are subjected to the erosion IPCC estimates that by 2020, due to Climate Chan- phenomena generated by the action of waves and ge, 50% of Europe’s coastal wetlands will disappear accentuated by sea level rise. These natural proces- as a result of sea level rise, at a cost of 5,400 mi€/ ses, that affect in particular low and sandy littorals, year. are amplified by severe events, storms and locally Climate change effects (increasing frequency and combined “high water” phenomena which can be magnitude of sea storm events, sea level rise, etc.) also the cause of marine flooding. have major impacts on low sandy coastal zones, the 25 million people in 1950 70 million in year 2000 Increase of anthropic pressure, More than 90 million in 2025 loss of coastal resilience 584 coastal cities today cities were 318 in 1950 Source: JRC Plan Bleu 2005 Frequency/intensity of sea The Mediterranean watershed (sketch storms, high water events,… Sea Level Rise (2025 -2100) Increase of erosive phenomena and marine ingression events Loss of river solid transport (90% lost in the last 50 years) Subsidence Coastal erosion and flooding represent a major th- ones that “unluckily” also have the most attractive reat for the wellbeing and prosperity of the 70mi appeal for human settlements, tourism and econo- Europeans living within 500m from the coastline mic activities. For the whole Mediterranean basin, it and their assets of 500-1000 bi€. The increase of is estimated (Plan Bleu 2006 and 2008 reports) that seriously impacted areas due to erosion is estima- in year 2025 the total population in the coastal re- ted to be 15 km2/year in the next period. The UN- gions will rise up to 174 million inhabitants (about 2 COASTANCE Component 4 - Phase C report 31 million more that in year 2000). ways existed and throughout ages has contributed Global warming is expected to have strong long- to shape Europe’s coastlines, but there is now evi- term impacts on the Mediterranean basin with the dence that today erosion is far from being a natural intensification of extreme climatic events and a process only. warming of less than 1°C by 2025. These processes and related risks are worsened by The Mediterranean basin is identified by the Inter- the “artificialisation” of coastal areas and the un- national Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a “hot correct use of vulnerable territories for the deve- spot” and “most at risk from flooding, coastal ero- lopment of tourism and urban areas. It is the case sion and further land degradation” (COM (2009) of the Gulf of Lion coastline whose sedimentary 466 - 11/09/2009). transit was strongly disturbed since its recent de- Sea level rise will have a more threatening impacts velopment, or the case of Emilia-Romagna coast- depending on coastal site-specific characteristics line widely urbanised and structured for tourism where combination with local erosion trends or purposes, where loss sediment alimentation (from subsidence phenomena (land lowering driven by na- rivers) and subsidence phenomena are causing re- tural and/or anthropogenic causes) can determine levant problems. severe flood risks and crisis. Human interventions on the coast, attempting to According to the EC EUROSION study initiative, the remedy suffering situations, have been heavily ba- regulatory EIA framework and the knowledge-based sed on a static engineered response, whereas the traditional measures to control the erosion have coast is in, or goes towards, a dynamic equilibrium. been weak or inappropriate. Hard coastal structures (e.g. breakwaters, seawal- The increasing erosion phenomena and marine ls, groynes) are built and persist because they pro- flooding risks arising in the Mediterranean on the tect urbanised areas, expensive properties or in- mid-long term related to the climate change effects frastructures, but they often relocate the problem (sea level rising, extreme storm events, increasing down-drift or anyway to another part of the coast. frequency and intensity
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Responses to Coastal Erosio in Alaska in a Changing Climate
    Responses to Coastal Erosio in Alaska in a Changing Climate A Guide for Coastal Residents, Business and Resource Managers, Engineers, and Builders Orson P. Smith Mikal K. Hendee Responses to Coastal Erosio in Alaska in a Changing Climate A Guide for Coastal Residents, Business and Resource Managers, Engineers, and Builders Orson P. Smith Mikal K. Hendee Alaska Sea Grant College Program University of Alaska Fairbanks SG-ED-75 Elmer E. Rasmuson Library Cataloging in Publication Data: Smith, Orson P. Responses to coastal erosion in Alaska in a changing climate : a guide for coastal residents, business and resource managers, engineers, and builders / Orson P. Smith ; Mikal K. Hendee. – Fairbanks, Alaska : Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2011. p.: ill., maps ; cm. - (Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks ; SG-ED-75) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Coast changes—Alaska—Guidebooks. 2. Shore protection—Alaska—Guidebooks. 3. Beach erosion—Alaska—Guidebooks. 4. Coastal engineering—Alaska—Guidebooks. I. Title. II. Hendee, Mikal K. III. Series: Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks; SG-ED-75. TC330.S65 2011 ISBN 978-1-56612-165-1 doi:10.4027/rceacc.2011 © Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks. All rights reserved. Credits This book, SG-ED-75, is published by the Alaska Sea Grant College Program, supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA National Sea Grant Office, grant NA10OAR4170097, projects A/75-02 and A/161-02; and by the University of Alaska Fairbanks with state funds. Sea Grant is a unique partnership with public and private sectors combining research, education, and technology transfer for the public.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal and Ocean Engineering
    May 18, 2020 Coastal and Ocean Engineering John Fenton Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040 Vienna, Austria URL: http://johndfenton.com/ URL: mailto:[email protected] Abstract This course introduces maritime engineering, encompassing coastal and ocean engineering. It con- centrates on providing an understanding of the many processes at work when the tides, storms and waves interact with the natural and human environments. The course will be a mixture of descrip- tion and theory – it is hoped that by understanding the theory that the practicewillbemadeallthe easier. There is nothing quite so practical as a good theory. Table of Contents References ....................... 2 1. Introduction ..................... 6 1.1 Physical properties of seawater ............. 6 2. Introduction to Oceanography ............... 7 2.1 Ocean currents .................. 7 2.2 El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation ........10 2.3 Indian Ocean Dipole ................12 2.4 Continental shelf flow ................13 3. Tides .......................15 3.1 Introduction ...................15 3.2 Tide generating forces and equilibrium theory ........15 3.3 Dynamic model of tides ...............17 3.4 Harmonic analysis and prediction of tides ..........19 4. Surface gravity waves ..................21 4.1 The equations of fluid mechanics ............21 4.2 Boundary conditions ................28 4.3 The general problem of wave motion ...........29 4.4 Linear wave theory .................30 4.5 Shoaling, refraction and breaking ............44 4.6 Diffraction ...................50 4.7 Nonlinear wave theories ...............51 1 Coastal and Ocean Engineering John Fenton 5. The calculation of forces on ocean structures ...........54 5.1 Structural element much smaller than wavelength – drag and inertia forces .....................54 5.2 Structural element comparable with wavelength – diffraction forces ..56 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Impact of the Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe in the EU Macro-Regions Routes4u | 15
    Economic impact of the Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe in the EU macro-regions Routes4U | 15 Routes4U Council of Europe Routes4U | 15 Directorate General Democracy of Europe of the Council Routes impactEconomic of the Cultural F-67075 Strasbourg Enlarged Partial Agreement on Cultural Routes – Council of Europe European Institute of Cultural Routes 28 rue Münster in the EU macro-regions L-2160 Luxembourg Tel. +352 24 12 50 Routes4U www.coe.int/routes4u Cultural Routes of the Adriatic-Ionian, Alpine, Baltic Sea Council of Europe in the and Danube macro-regions PREMS 026120 ENG The Council of Europe is the continent’s leading The Member States of the European Union human rights organisation. It comprises 47 member have decided to link together their know- states, including all members of the European Union. how, resources and destinies. Together, they All Council of Europe member states have signed up have built a zone of stability, democracy and to the European Convention on Human Rights, sustainable development whilst maintaining a treaty designed to protect human rights, cultural diversity, tolerance and individual democracy and the rule of law. The European Court freedoms. The European Union is committed of Human Rights oversees the implementation to sharing its achievements and its values with of the Convention in the member states. countries and peoples beyond its borders. www.coe.int www.europa.eu Routes4U Project Routes4U Project Economic impact of the Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe in the European Union macro-regions Routes4U | 15 Council of Europe The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the European Commission or the Council of Europe All requests concerning the reproduction or translation of all or part of this document should be addressed to the Directorate of Communication (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or [email protected]).
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Groundwater Vulnerability Evaluation at a Coastal Aquifer System in NE Greece
    European Water 57: 423-428, 2017. © 2017 E.W. Publications Updated groundwater vulnerability evaluation at a coastal aquifer system in NE Greece G. Eminoglou1, I. Gkiougkis1, A. Kallioras2 and F.-K. Pliakas1* 1 Engineering Geology Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 67132 Xanthi, Greece 2 Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology Laboratory, School of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece * e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: This paper presents the updated vulnerability assessment of Xilagani - Imeros aquifer system in the coastal plain region of Rhodope Prefecture, NE Greece, in the framework of the groundwater management in the region. Information regarding the geological and geomorphological environment, as well as data concerning the hydrologic and hydrogeological regime of the study area are stated. The paper presents the application of DRASTIC and GALDIT vulnerability indexes procedures and the design of easy to use vulnerability maps in order to identify the parts where there is a serious potential for groundwater resources qualitative degradation due to agricultural pollution (DRASTIC approach) or seawater intrusion (GALDIT approach). The research is based on the results of hydrogeological studies in the study area for the year 2015 compared to the year 2006, including field hydrogeological measurements and chemical analyses in the laboratory, as well as the design of groundwater piezometric maps and hydrochemical maps. It is worth mentioning that DRASTIC index values for the year 2015 do not differ substantially compared to the corresponding values for the year 2006. Instead, increase of GALDIT index values is recorded for the year 2015 indicating worsening of the groundwater salinization status due to seawater intrusion.
    [Show full text]
  • Stability Design of Coastal Structures (Seadikes, Revetments, Breakwaters and Groins)
    Note: Stability of coastal structures Date: August 2016 www.leovanrijn-sediment.com STABILITY DESIGN OF COASTAL STRUCTURES (SEADIKES, REVETMENTS, BREAKWATERS AND GROINS) by Leo C. van Rijn, www.leovanrijn-sediment.com, The Netherlands August 2016 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HYDRODYNAMIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND PROCESSES 2.1 Basic boundary conditions 2.2 Wave height parameters 2.2.1 Definitions 2.2.2 Wave models 2.2.3 Design of wave conditions 2.2.4 Example wave computation 2.3 Tides, storm surges and sea level rise 2.3.1 Tides 2.3.2 Storm surges 2.3.3 River floods 2.3.4 Sea level rise 2.4 Wave reflection 2.5 Wave runup 2.5.1 General formulae 2.5.2 Effect of rough slopes 2.5.3 Effect of composite slopes and berms 2.5.4 Effect of oblique wave attack 2.6 Wave overtopping 2.6.1 General formulae 2.6.2 Effect of rough slopes 2.6.3 Effect of composite slopes and berms 2.6.4 Effect of oblique wave attack 2.6.5 Effect of crest width 2.6.6 Example case 2.7 Wave transmission 1 Note: Stability of coastal structures Date: August 2016 www.leovanrijn-sediment.com 3 STABILITY EQUATIONS FOR ROCK AND CONCRETE ARMOUR UNITS 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Critical shear-stress method 3.2.1 Slope effects 3.2.2 Stability equations for stones on mild and steep slopes 3.3 Critical wave height method 3.3.1 Stability equations; definitions 3.3.2 Stability equations for high-crested conventional breakwaters 3.3.3 Stability equations for high-crested berm breakwaters 3.3.4 Stability equations for low-crested, emerged breakwaters and groins 3.3.5 Stability equations for submerged breakwaters
    [Show full text]
  • Ices Wgitmo Report 2013
    ICES WGITMO REPORT 2013 ICES ADVISORY COMMITTEE ICES CM 2013/ACOM:30 Report of the ICES Working Group on Introduc- tion and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO) 20 - 22 March 2013 Montreal, Canada International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer H. C. Andersens Boulevard 44–46 DK-1553 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone (+45) 33 38 67 00 Telefax (+45) 33 93 42 15 www.ices.dk [email protected] Recommended format for purposes of citation: ICES. 2013. Report of the ICES Working Group on Introduction and Transfers of Ma- rine Organisms (WGITMO), 20 - 22 March 2013, Montreal, Canada. ICES CM 2013/ACOM:30. 149 pp. For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the Gen- eral Secretary. The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily represent the views of the Council. © 2013 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES WGITMO REPORT 2013 i Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................................ 1 1 Opening of the meeting ................................................................................................ 2 2 Adoption of the agenda ................................................................................................ 2 3 WGITMO Terms of Reference .................................................................................... 2 4 Progress in relation
    [Show full text]
  • Nepiexomena/CONTENTS
    nEPIEXOMENA/CONTENTS naAaJoVToAoyia • rTpWJ.laToypa<pia ­ l{rWOToAoyia Paleontology - Stratigraphy - Sedimentology Bellas, S, Frydas, D. and Keupp, H. Late Miocene calcareous nannofossil stratigraphy and intra-Mediterranean bioevents correlation: Kalidonia Case section (NW Crete, Greece) Caus, E., Albrich, S., Berastegui, X, Bernaus, J.M., Boix, C. and Villalonga, R. 14 Biotic and Abiotic events in a shallow carbonate platform (Upper Cretaceous, South Pyrenean margin) Codrea, V, Barbu, 0 and Bedelean, H. 21 Middle Miocene Diatomite-bearing formations from western Romania Danelian, T., Galoyan, G., Rolland, Y. and Sosson, M. 31 Palaeontological (Radiolarian) late Jurassic age constraint for the Stepanavan ophiolite (Lesser Caucasus, Armenia) Drinia, H., Antonarakou, A., Kontakiotis, G., Tsaparas, N., Segou, M. and 39 Karakitsios, V. Paleobathymetric evolution of the early Late Miocene deposits of the Pre-Apulian zone, Levkas island, Ionian Sea Getsos, K., Pomoni-Papaioannou, F. and Zelilidis, A.A 53 Carbonate ramp evolution in the transition from the Apulia platform to the Ionian basin during Early to Late Cretaceous (NW Greece) latrou, M., Papatheodorou, G, Piper, D.J.W., Tripsanas, E. and Ferentinos, G.A 64 Debate on the similarity of panicle sizing results derived from the analysis of fine­ grained sediments by two different instrumentations Karakatsanis, S., Koukouzas, N., Pagonas, M. and Zelilidis, A. 76 Preliminary sedimentological results indicate a new detailed stratigraphy for the Florina sedimentary basin and relate them with CO2 presence Karakitsios, V. and Agiadi-Katsiaouni, K. 85 Regional correlation and cyclostratigraphy in the Mid-Cretaceous formations of the Ionian zone Kati, M., Zambetakis-Lekkas, A. and Skourtsos, E. 101 Carbonate succession of Tripolitza platform in Mari area, Parnon mountain, SE Peloponnesus, Greece Konstantopoulos, P., Maravelis, A., Nikolaidou, D., Pantopoulos, G.
    [Show full text]
  • Geomorphological and Paleoenvironmental Changes of Ismarida Lake During Holocene (N
    Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece Vol. 50, 2016 GEOMORPHOLOGICAL AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES OF ISMARIDA LAKE DURING HOLOCENE (N. GREECE) Karadimou G. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, Department of Physical and Environment al Geography Vouvalidis K. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, Department of Physical and Environment al Geography Syrides G. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, Department of Geology Koukousioura O. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, Department of Geology Aidona E. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, Department of Geophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11743 Copyright © 2017 G. Karadimou, K. Vouvalidis, G. Syrides, O. Koukousioura, E. Aidona To cite this article: Karadimou, G., Vouvalidis, K., Syrides, G., Koukousioura, O., & Aidona, E. (2016). GEOMORPHOLOGICAL AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES OF ISMARIDA LAKE DURING HOLOCENE (N. GREECE). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 50(1), 424-433. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11743 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 03/08/2019 12:20:16 | Δελτίο της Ελληνικής Γεωλογικής Εταιρίας, τόμος L, σελ. 424-433 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, vol. L, p. 424-433 Πρακτικά 14ου Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου, Θεσσαλονίκη, Μάιος 2016 Proceedings of the 14th International Congress, Thessaloniki, May 2016 GEOMORPHOLOGICAL AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES OF ISMARIDA LAKE DURING HOLOCENE (N. GREECE) Karadimou G.1, Vouvalidis
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 Contents
    3 Materials 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CIRIA C683 63 3 Materials CHAPTER 3 CONTENTS 3.1 Introduction. 71 3.1.1 Materials considerations for concept stage. 72 3.1.1.1 Scale of project . 72 3.1.1.2 Planning and timescales . 73 3.1.1.3 Top sizes of armour . 73 3.1.1.4 Rock source and procurement options . 73 3.1.1.5 Holistic considerations . 74 3.1.1.6 Cost of project. 76 3.1.1.7 Towards preliminary design. 76 3.1.2 Important design functions and properties of materials. 79 3.1.2.1 Functions of materials in the structure . 79 3.1.2.2 Material properties . 81 3.1.3 Durability considerations . 82 3.1.3.1 Mitigation strategies for low-durability scenarios of rock armour . 83 3.1.3.2 Durability considerations for material other than armourstone. 83 3.1.4 Standards for armourstone. 84 3.2 Quarried rock – overview of properties and functions. 86 3.2.1 Introduction to quarried rock . 86 3.2.2 Introduction to engineering geology . 86 3.2.3 Quarry evaluation principles . 91 3.2.4 Properties and functions – general. 94 3.3 Quarried rock – intrinsic properties . 95 3.3.1 Aesthetic properties of armourstone . 95 3.3.2 Petrographic properties . 95 3.3.3 Mass density, porosity and water absorption . 95 3.3.3.1 Phase relations . 95 3.3.3.2 Density definitions . 96 3.3.3.3 Degree of saturation in stability calculations . 97 3.3.3.4 Density variation in a quarry .
    [Show full text]
  • (Selido Œ§Œüœúœüœ£ 4
    Δελτίο της Ελληνικής Γεωλογικής Εταιρίας, 2010 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2010 Πρακτικά 12ου Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου Proceedings of the 12th International Congress Πάτρα, Μάιος 2010 Patras, May, 2010 HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER DEGRADATION AT THE EASTERN NESTOS RIVER DELTA, N.E. GREECE. Gkiougkis I.1, Mwila, G.2, Pliakas F.3, Kallioras A.4, and Diamantis I.5 1 Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Engineering Geology, 67100 Xanthi, Greece, [email protected] 2 Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Hydrogeology Group, 64287 Darm- stadt, Germany, [email protected] 3 Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Engineering Geology, 67100 Xanthi, Greece, [email protected] 4 Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Hydrogeology Group, 64287 Darm- stadt, Germany, [email protected] 5 Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Engineering Geology, 67100 Xanthi, Greece, [email protected] Abstract This paper deals with the hydrogeological study of the evolution of groundwater salinisation - degra- dation at the eastern Nestos River Delta. Relevant field works including in-situ measurements of groundwater level, pH, Specific Electrical Conductivity (SEC) and temperature took place in the years 2008 and 2009. Groundwater samples were also collected for chemical analysis at the Engi- neering Geology Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering of D.U.Th. (July of 2009). Im- portant conclusions regarding the progress of the groundwater degradation at the study area were drawn based on the analysis of all the available data and the elaboration of the designed piezomet- ric maps and the various maps showing the distribution of SEC, Chloride, SAR (Sodium Absorption Ratio) and Revelle coefficient values.
    [Show full text]
  • Nanni-Wws.Pdf
    1 Worldwide Presence with guaranteed Service Nanni products are supported at every major port thanks to a worldwide network of independent distributor facilities and dealer locations, delivering the expertise and parts needed to keep customer's products running smoothly. By choosing a Nanni product, you gain an extensive Worldwide Sales and Service network to help you achieve maximum engine life and sustained reliability. Update 29/06/2017 2 Index NANNI NETWORK ........................ 3 La Réunion ................................. 47 Lituania ....................................... 48 Algeria ............................................ 5 Madagascar ................................ 48 Argentina ....................................... 5 Malaysia ..................................... 48 Australia ........................................ 5 Maldives ..................................... 48 Bahamas ........................................ 7 Malta ........................................... 48 Bangladesh .................................... 7 Marocco ...................................... 48 Belgium .......................................... 7 Martinique ................................... 49 Brazil .............................................. 7 Mexico ........................................ 49 Brunei ............................................ 8 Netherlands ................................ 49 Canada .......................................... 8 New Caledonia .................... 500 Chili ...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Riprap Slope Protection Phase 4 (Final)
    Design Standards No. 13 Embankment Dams Chapter 7: Riprap Slope Protection Phase 4 (Final) U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation May 2014 Mission Statements The U.S. Department of the Interior protects America’s natural resources and heritage, honors our cultures and tribal communities, and supplies the energy to power our future. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Design Standards Signature Sheet Design Standards No. 13 Embankment Dams DS-13(7)-2.1: Phase 4 (Final) May 2014 Chapter 7: Riprap Slope Protection Revision Number OS-13(7)-2.1 Summary of revisions: In the rollout presentation of the Riprap Design Standard, Chapter 7, Bobby Rinehart of the labs commented that ASTM standards are now being used as much, or more than, USBR laboratory testing procedures. Therefore, the ASTM test procedure numbers should be included in the Design Standard. The ASTM Standard Test Numbers will be added to the Riprap Quality Tests along with the currently cited only with USBR designations test numbers. These are in section 7.2.5, pages 10 and 11, and will be rewritten as follows: o Specific gravity (ASTM C127, USBR 4127) o Absorption (ASTM C127, USBR 4127) o Sodium sulfate soundness (ASTM C88, ASTM D5240, USBR 4088) o Los Angeles abrasion (ASTM C131, ASTM C535, USBR 4131) o Freeze-thaw durability (ASTM D5312, USBR 4666) Prepared by: Robert L. Dewey, P. Date Technical Specialist, Geotechnical Engineering Group 3, 86-68313 Peer Review: Jack Gagliardi, P.E.
    [Show full text]