THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY: A BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

Abu-Jamal, Mumia. We Want Freedom: A Life in the Black Panther Party. Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press, 2004.

Andrews, Lori B. Black Power, White Blood: The Life and Times of Johnny Spain. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1999.

Anthony, Earl. Picking up the Gun; a Report on the Black Panthers. New York: Pyramid Books, 1971.

---. Spitting in the Wind: The True Story Behind the Violent Legacy of the Black Panther Party. Santa Monica, Calif.: Roundtable Pub., 1990.

Arend, Orissa. Showdown in Desire: People, Panthers, Piety, and Police: The Story of the Black Panthers in New Orleans, 1970. New Orleans, La.: O. Arend, 2003.

Arlen, Michael J. An American Verdict. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1973.

Austin, Curtis J. Up against the Wall: Violence in the Making and Unmaking of the Black Panther Party. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2006.

Balagoon, Kuwasi. Look for Me in the Whirlwind; the Collective Autobiography of the New York 21. New York: Random House, 1971.

Baruch, Ruth-Marion and Pirkle Jones. The Vanguard; a Photographic Essay on the Black Panthers. Boston: Beacon Press, 1970.

Baruch, Ruth-Marion, Pirkle Jones, and Kathleen Cleaver. Black Panthers, 1968. Los Angeles, Calif.: Greybull Press, 2002.

Bass, Paul and Douglas W. Rae. Murder in the Model City: The Black Panthers, Yale, and the Redemption of a Killer. New York: Basic Books, 2006.

Bin Wahad, Dhoruba, et al. Still Black, Still Strong: Survivors of the U.S. War Against Black Revolutionaries. New York: Semiotext(e), 1993.

Brown, Elaine. A Taste of Power: A Black Woman’s Story. New York: Anchor Books, 1994.

Chevigny, Paul. Cops and Rebels: A Study of Provocation. New York,: Pantheon Books, 1972.

Churchill, Ward, and Jim Vander Wall. Agents of Repression : The FBI’s Secret Wars Against the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement. Corrected ed. Boston, MA: South End Press, 1990. Cleaver, Eldridge. Post-Prison Writings and Speeches. New York,: Vintage Books, 1969.

---. Soul on Ice. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.

Cleaver, Kathleen, and George N. Katsiaficas. Liberation, Imagination, and the Black Panther Party: A New Look at the Panthers and Their Legacy. New York: Routledge, 2001.

Commission of Inquiry into the Black Panthers and the Police, Roy Wilkins, and Ramsey Clark. Search and Destroy; a Report. New York: Metropolitan Applied Research Center, 1973.

Erikson, Erik H., and Huey P. Newton. In Search of Common Ground; Conversations with Erik H. Erikson and Huey P. Newton. New York: Norton, 1973.

Etter-Lewis, Gwendolyn, and Michèle Foster. Unrelated Kin: Race and Gender in Women's Personal Narratives. New York: Routledge, 1996.

Foner, Philip Sheldon. The Black Panthers Speak. New York: Da Capo Press, 1995.

Forbes, Flores A. Will You Die with Me?: My Life and the Black Panther Party. New York: Atria Books, 2006.

Freed, Donald. Agony in New Haven; the Trial of Bobby Seale, Ericka Huggins, and the Black Panther Party. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973.

Genet, Jean. Prisoner of Love. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1992.

Genet, Jean, Allen Ginsberg, and Bobby Seale. May Day Speech. San Francisco: City Lights, 1970.

Heath, G. Louis, and Black Panther Party. Off the Pigs! : The History and Literature of the Black Panther Party. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1976.

Hersey, John. Letter to the Alumni. New York: Knopf, 1970.

Hill, Norman. The Black Panther Menace: America’s Neo-Nazis. New York: Popular Library, 1971.

Hilliard, David, and Lewis Cole. This Side of Glory: The Autobiography of David Hilliard and the Story of the Black Panther Party. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 2001.

Hilliard, David, Keith Zimmerman, and Kent Zimmerman. Huey: Spirit of the Panther. New York, N.Y.: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2006. Hopkins, Evans D. Life after Life: A Story of Rage and Redemption. New York: Free Press, 2005.

Jeffries, J. L. Huey P. Newton: The Radical Theorist. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2002.

Jeffries, J. L. Black Power in the Belly of the Beast. Urbana: University of Illinois, 2006.

Jones, Charles E. The Black Panther Party (Reconsidered). Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1998.

Keating, Edward M. Free Huey! Berkeley, Calif.: Ramparts Press, 1971.

Larner, John W., and Scholarly Resources inc. Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the FBI File on the Black Panther Party, North Carolina. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1986.

Lazerow, Jama, and Yohuru R. Williams. In Search of the Black Panther Party : New Perspectives on a Revolutionary Movement. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006.

Major, Reginald. A Panther Is a Black Cat. New York: W. Morrow, 1971.

Marine, Gene. The Black Panthers. New York: New American Library, 1969.

Moore, Gilbert. A Special Rage. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.

Newton, Huey P. To Die for the People. New York: Vintage Books, 1972.

---. Revolutionary Suicide. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973.

Newton, Huey P., David Hilliard, and Donald Weise. The Huey P. Newton Reader. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2002.

Newton, Huey P., et al. The Black Panther Leaders Speak: Huey P. Newton, Bobby Seale, Eldridge Cleaver and Company Speak out through the Black Panther Party's Official Newspaper. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1976.

Newton, Michael. Bitter Grain: Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party. Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House Publishing Co., 1991.

Ogbar, Jeffrey Ogbonna Green. Black Power: Radical Politics and African American Identity. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.

Olsen, Jack. Last Man Standing: The Tragedy and Triumph of Geronimo Pratt. New York: Doubleday, 2000.

Pearson, Hugh. The Shadow of the Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1994.

Schanche, Don A. The Panther Paradox: A Liberal’s Dilemma. New York: D. McKay Co., 1970. Seale, Bobby. A Lonely Rage: The Autobiography of Bobby Seale. New York: Times Books, 1977.

---. Seize the Time : The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton. Baltimore, Md.: Black Classic Press, 1991.

Shakur, Assata. Assata, an Autobiography. Westport, CT: L. Hill, 1987.

Sheehy, Gail. Panthermania; the Clash of Black against Black in One American City. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.

Smith, Jennifer B. An International History of the Black Panther Party. Studies in African American History and Culture. New York: Garland, 1999.

Stone, Willie, and Chuck Moore. I Was a Black Panther. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1970.

Theoharis, Jeanne, and Komozi Woodard. Groundwork: Local Black Freedom Movements in America. New York: New York University Press, 2005.

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security. The Black Panther Party, Its Origin and Development as Reflected in Its Official Weekly Newspaper, the Black Panther, Black Community News Service; Staff Study, Ninety-First Congress, Second Session. Washington,: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1970.

---. Gun-Barrel Politics: The Black Panther Party, 1966-1971. Report, Ninety-Second Congress, First Session. Washington,: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1971.

United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. FBI File on the Black Panther Party, North Carolina. 2 microfilm reels ; 35 mm. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1986.

Williams, Yohuru, et al. Black Politics/Whitepower: Civil Rights, Black Power, and the Black Panthers in New Haven. St. James, NY: Brandywine Press, 2000.

Witt, Andrew. The Black Panthers in the Midwest: The Community Programs and Services of the Black Panther Party in Milwaukee, 1966-1977. New York: Routledge, 2007.

Wood, John A. The Panthers and the Militias : Brothers under the Skin? Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 2002.

ARTICLES

“Black Scholar Interviews Kathleen Cleaver.” Black Scholar 3.4 (1971): 54-59.

“The Black Panthers.” Journal of Palestine Studies 1.4 (1972): 146-47.

“Erratum: Poetry of the Black Panther Party: Metaphors of Militancy.” Journal of Black Studies 29.3 (1999): 464.

“Former Black Panthers Who Have Turned to Higher Education.” The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 21 (1998): 62-63.

“Police and Panthers.” Black Politician 1.3 (1970): 17-19.

Abron, Jonina M. “The Legacy of the Black Panther Party.” Black Scholar 17.6 (1986): 33-37.

Anderson, Jervis. “Panthers: Black Men in Extremis.” Dissent 17.2 (1970): 120-23.

Blake, J. Herman. “Is the Black Panther Party Suicidal?” Politics and Society 2.3 (1972): 287-92.

Blumenthal, Sid. “COINTELPRO: How the FBI Tried to Destroy the Black Panthers.” Canadian Dimension 10.6 (1975): 32-44.

Bringhurst, Newell G. “Eldridge Cleaver’s Passage through Mormonism.” Journal of Mormon History 28.1 (2002): 80-110.

Brooks, Peter. “Panthers at Yale.” Partisan Review 37.3 (1970): 420-39.

Bullins, Ed. “The Black Revolutionary Commercial.” The Drama Review 13.4 (1969): 144-45.

Burroughs, Todd Steven. “Black Panthers Gather for 35th Anniversary.” New Crisis 109.4.

Calloway, Carolyn R. “Group Cohesiveness in the Black Panther Party.” Journal of Black Studies 8.1 (1977): 55-74.

Cleaver, Kathleen Neal. “Women, Power, and Revolution.” New Political Science 21.2 (1999): 231-36.

Clemons, Michael L., and Charles E. Jones. “Global Solidarity: The Black Panther Party in the International Arena.” New Political Science 21.2 (1999): 177-203.

Courtright, John A. “Rhetoric of the Gun: An Analysis of the Rhetorical Modifications of the Black Panther Party.” Journal of Black Studies 4.3 (1974): 249-67.

Dahlerus, Claudia, and Christian A. Davenport. . “Tracking Down the Empirical Legacy of the Black Panther Party (or Notes on the Perils of Pursuing the Panthers).” New Political Science 21.2 (1999): 261-78.

Doss, Erika. “‘Revolutionary Art Is a Tool for Liberation’: Emory Douglas and Protest Aesthetics at the Black Panther.” New Political Science 21.2 (1999): 245.

---. “Imaging the Panthers: Representing Black Power and Masculinity, 1960s-1990s.” Prospects 23 (1998): 483-516.

Early, Gerald. “Afrocentrism: From Sensationalism to Measured Deliberation.” The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 5 (1994): 86-88.

Feavor, George. “The Panther’s Road to Suicide. A Black Tragedy.” Encounter 36.5 (1971): 27- 42.

“‘Picking up the Gun’: The Black Panther Party between Violent Revolution and Social Reform, 1966-84].” Amerikastudien-American Studies 44.2 (1999): 223-54.

Fraley, Todd: Lester-Roushanzamir, Elli. “Revolutionary Leader or Deviant Thug? A Comparative Analysis of the Chicago Tribune and Chicago Daily Defender’s Reporting on the Death of Fred Hampton.” The Howard Journal of Communications 15.3 (2004): 147-67.

Hanes Walton, Jr.; William H. Boone. “Black Political Parties: A Demographic Analysis.” Journal of Black Studies 5.1 (1974): 86-95.

Harper, Frederick D. “The Influence of Malcolm X on Black Militancy.” Journal of Black Studies 1.4 (1971): 387-402.

Harris, Jessica Christina. “Revolutionary Black Nationalism: The Black Panther Party.” The Journal of Negro History 85.3 (2000): 162-74.

Harris, Jessica C. “Revolutionary Black Nationalism: The Black Panther Party.” The Journal of Negro History 86.3 (2001): 409-21.

Henderson, Errol A. “The Lumpenproletariat as Vanguard?: The Black Panther Party, Social Transformation, and Pearson's Analysis of Huey Newton.” Journal of Black Studies 28.2 (1997): 171-99.

Jeffries, Judson L. “Black Radicalism and Political Repression in Baltimore: The Case of the Black Panther Party.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 25.1 (2002): 64-98.

---. “Huey P. Newton on Pan-Africanism.” The Negro Educational Review 52.1-2 (2001): 29-37.

Jeffries, Judson L. “Local News Coverage of the Black Panther Party: An Analysis of the Baltimore, Cleveland, and New Orleans Press.” Journal of African American Studies 7.4 (2004): 19-38.

Jennings, Regina. “Africana Womanism in the Black Panther Party: A Personal Story.” Western Journal of Black Studies 25.3 (2001): 146-52.

---. “Poetry of the Black Panther Party: Metaphors of Militancy.” Journal of Black Studies 29.1 (1998): 106-29.

Jones, Charles E. “The Political Repression of the Black Panther Party 1966-1971: The Case of the Oakland Bay Area.” Journal of Black Studies 18.4 (1988): 415-34.

Katsiaficas, George. “Liberation, Imagination and the Black Panther Party.” New Political Science 21.2 (1999): 125-30.

Keeling, Kara. “‘Homegrown Revolutionary?’ Tupac Shakur and the Legacy of the Black Panther Party.” Black Scholar 29.2 (1999): 59-63.

Knapper, Karl. “Women and the Black Panther Party.” Socialist Review 26.1/2 (1996): 25-31.

---.”"Women and the Black Panther Party: An Interview with Angela Brown.” Socialist Review 26.1/2 (1996): 33-67.

Lule, Jack. “News Strategies and the Death of Huey Newton.” Journalism Quarterly 70.2 (1993): 287-99.

Milstein, Tom. “A Perspective on the Panthers.” Commentary 50.3 (1970): 35-44.

Nesbitt, Rita. “Conflict and the Black Panther Party: A Social Psychological Interpretation.” Sociological Focus 5.4 (1972): 105-19.

Ngozi-Brown, Scot. “The Us Organization, Maulana Karenga, and Conflict with the Black Panther Party: A Critique of Sectarian Influences on Historical Discourse.” Journal of Black Studies 28.2 (1997): 157-70.

Nower, Joyce. “Cleaver’s Vision of America and the New White Radical: A Legacy of Malcom X.” Negro American Literature Forum 4.1 (1970): 12-21.

Patterson, William L. “Black Panther Party.” Communist Viewpoint 2.5 (1970): 9-15.

Pough, Gwendolyn D. “Empowering Rhetoric: Black Students Writing Black Panthers.” College Composition and Communication 53.3 (2002): 466-86.

Pratt, Geronimo ji-jaga, Mumia Abu-Jamal, and Heike Kleffner. “The Black Panthers: Interviews with Geronimo Ji-Jaga Pratt and Mumia Abu-Jamal.” Race & Class 35.1 (1993): 9-26.

Reitan, Ruth. “Cuba, the Black Panther Party and the Us Black Movement in the 1960s: Issues of Security.” New Political Science 21.2 (1999): 217-30.

Rhodes, Jane. “The Black Panther Newspaper: Standard-Bearer for Modern Black Nationalism.” Media History 7.2 (2001): 151-58. Sandarg, Robert. “Jean Genet and the Black Panther Party.” Journal of Black Studies 16.3 (1986): 269-82.

Self, Robert O. “‘To Plan Our Liberation’: Black Power and the Politics of Place in Oakland, California, 1965-1977.” Journal of Urban History 26.6 (2000): 759-92.

Staub, Michael E. “Black Panthers, New Journalism, and the Rewriting of the Sixties.” Representations.57 (1997): 52-72.

Tager, Michael. “Looking into the Whirlwind: A Psychohistorical Study of Black Panthers.” Psychohistory Review 12.2 (1984): 61-70.

Tyner, James A. “‘Defend the Ghetto’ Space and the Urban Politics of the Black Panther Party.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 96.1 (2006): 105-18.

Umoja, Akinyele Omowale. “Repression Breeds Resistance: The Black Liberation Army and the Radical Legacy of the Black Panther Party.” New Political Science 21.2 (1999): 131-55.

Valentine, Charles A., and Betty Lou Valentine. “The Man and the Panthers.” Politics & Society 2.3 (1972): 273-86.

Washington, Linn, Jr. “Politics: Revisited: The Black Panther Party.” The New Crisis 106.5 (1999): 24-25.

Williams, Yohuru. “No Haven: From Civil Rights to Black Power in New Haven, Connecticut.” Black Scholar 31.3 (2001): 54-66.

DISSERTATIONS AND THESES

Alkebulan, Paul. “The Role of Ideology in the Growth, Establishment, and Decline of the Black Panther Party: 1966 to 1982.” Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley, 2003.

Anderson, Reynaldo. “See You in Dar-Es-Salaam: The Rhetoric of the Heartland Black Panther Party and the Repression of the Black Revolution.” Ph.D. The University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 2005.

Austin, Curtis Jerome. “The Role of Violence in the Creation, Sustenance, and Destruction of the Black Panther Party, 1966-1972.” Ph.D. Mississippi State University, 1998.

Boykoff, Jules Maxwell. “United States American Social Movements and the Suppression of Dissent.” Ph.D. The American University, 2004.

Brame, Wendy Jean. “The National-Local Interface of Social Control: The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Winston-Salem Branch of the Black Panther Party.” M.S. Oklahoma State University, 2006. Brown, Scot D. “The US Organization: African-American Cultural Nationalism in the Era of Black Power, 1965 to the 1970s.” Ph.D. Cornell University, 1999.

Bush, Roderick Douglas. “Social Movements among the Urban Poor: African-Americans in the Twentieth Century.” Ph.D. State University of New York at Binghamton, 1992.

Chaberski, Stephen George. “The Strategy of Defense in a Political Trial: The Trial of the ‘Panther 21.’” Ph.D. Columbia University, 1975.

Chaifetz, Ashley. “Introducing the American Dream: The Black Panther Party Survival Programs, 1966--1982.” M.A. Sarah Lawrence College, 2005.

Crowe, Daniel Edward. “The Origins of the Black Revolution: The Transformation of San Francisco Bay Area Black Communities, 1945-1969.” Ph.D. University of Kentucky, 1998.

Detre, Les S. “Revolutionary Millenarianism and the Black Panther Party.” M.A. McGill University (Canada), 1973.

Duncan, Mary. “The Language of Liberation: Emory Douglas and the Art of the Black Panther Party.” Ph.D. Wayne State University, 2004.

Edwards, Patricia Bowman. “The Rhetorical Strategies and Tactics of the Black Panther Party as a Social-Change Movement: 1966-1973.” M.S. University of North Texas, 1974.

Fergus, Devin. “The Ordeal of Liberalism and Black Nationalism in an American Southern State, 1965--1980.” Ph.D. Columbia University, 2002.

Ferreira, Jason Michael. “All Power to the People: A Comparative History of Third World Radicalism in San Francisco, 1968--1974.” Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley, 2003.

Hayes, Robin J. “‘I Used the Term ‘Negro’ and I Was Firmly Corrected’: African Independence, Black Power and Channels of Diasporic Resistance.” Ph.D. Yale University, 2006.

Hix, John Denham. “The Political Evolution of Eldridge Cleaver.” M.A. California State University, Dominguez Hills, 1995.

Holder, Kit Kim. “The History of the Black Panther Party, 1966-1971: A Curriculum Tool for Afrikan-American Studies.” Ed.D. University of Massachusetts Amherst, 1990.

Hopkins, Charles William. “The Deradicalization of the Black Panther Party: 1967 - 1973.” Ph.D. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1978.

Jamal, Mumia A. “A Life in the Party: An Historical and Retrospective Examination of the Lessons and Legacies of the Black Panther Party.” M.A. California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2000.

Jeffries, Hasan Kwame. “Freedom Politics: Transcending Civil Rights in Lowndes County, Alabama, 1965--2000.” Ph.D. Duke University, 2002.

Jones, James Thomas, III. “Creating Revolution as We Advance: The Revolutionary Years of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense and Those Who Destroyed It.” Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 2005.

Matthews, Tracye Ann. “‘No One Ever Asks What a Man’s Place in the Revolution Is’: Gender and Sexual Politics in the Black Panther Party, 1966-1971.” Ph.D. University of Michigan, 1998.

Murch, Donna. “The Urban Promise of Black Power: African American Political Mobilization in Oakland and East Bay, 1961—1977.” Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley, 2004.

Newton, Huey Percy. “War against the Panthers: A Study of Repression in America.” Ph.D. University of California, Santa Cruz, 1980.

Ogbar, Jeffrey Ogbonna Green. “From the Bottom Up: Popular Black Reactions to the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party, 1955-1975.” Ph.D. Indiana University, 1997.

Ongiri, Amy Abugo. “‘Black Arts for a Black People!’: The Cultural Politics of the Black Power Movement and the Search for a Black Aesthetic.” Ph.D. Cornell University, 2000.

Peck, Craig Martin. “‘Educate to Liberate’: The Black Panther Party and Political Education.” Ph.D. Stanford University, 2001.

Raiford, Leigh Renee. “‘Imprisoned in a Luminous Glare’: History, Memory, and the Photography of Twentieth-Century African American Social Movements.” Ph.D. Yale University, 2003.

Rhodes, Joel Paul. “The Voice of Violence: Performative Violence as Protest, 1968--1970.” Ph.D. University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2000.

Rice, Jon Frank. “Black Radicalism on Chicago’s West Side: A History of the Illinois Black Panther Party.” Ph.D. Northern Illinois University, 1998.

Smith, Jennifer Bradford. “An International History of the Black Panther Party.” Ph.D. State University of New York at Buffalo, 1997.

Spencer, Robyn Ceanne. “Repression Breeds Resistance: The Rise and the Fall of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, California, 1966--1982.” Ph.D. Columbia University, 2001.

Stanford, Maxwell C., Jr. “We Will Return in the Whirlwind: Black Radical Organizations, 1960--1975.” Ph.D. Union Institute and University, 2003.

Stewart, Helen L. “Buffering: The Leadership Style of Huey P. Newton, Co-Founder of the Black Panther Party.” Ph.D. Brandeis University, 1980.

Strain, Christopher Barry. “Civil Rights and Self-Defense: The Fiction of Nonviolence, 1955-- 1968.” Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley, 2000.

---. “Nonviolence in the Civil Rights Movement: Three Exceptions.” M.A. University of Georgia, 1995.

Thevenin, Rose Carine. “‘The Greatest Single Threat’: A Study of the Black Panther Party, 1966--1971.” Ph.D. Michigan State University, 2003.

Tinney, James S. “A Theoretical and Historical Comparison of Black Political and Religious Movements.” Ph.D. Howard University, 1978.

Tyson, Timothy Buie. “‘Radio Free Dixie’: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power.” Ph.D. Duke University, 1994.

Waggener, Tamara Ann. “Gender, Race, and Political Violence in U.S. Social Movements: 1965--1975.” Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin, 1999.

White, Monica Marie. “Panther Stories: A Gendered Analysis of the Autobiographies of Former Black Panther Members.” Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 1998.

Widener, Daniel. “Something Else: Creative Community and Black Liberation in Postwar Los Angeles.” Ph.D. New York University, 2003.

Wilkinson, Michelle Joan. “‘In the Tradition of Revolution’: The Socio-Aesthetics of Black and Puerto Rican Arts Movements, 1962--1982.” Ph.D. Emory University, 2001.

Williams, David Paul, III. “The Contribution of Selectively Focused Print Coverage to the Negative Stereotyping of a Challenging Group (Black Panther Party; California).” Ph.D. Arizona State University, 1987.

Williams, Yohuru R. “No Haven: Civil Rights, Black Power, and Black Panthers in New Haven, Connecticut, 1956-1971.” Ph.D. Howard University, 1998.

Willis, Daniel Joseph. “A Critical Analysis of Mass Political Education and Community Organization as Utilized by the Black Panther Party as a Means for Effecting Social Change.” Educat.D. University of Massachusetts Amherst, 1976.

Wilson, Joel Randolph. “‘Free Huey’: The Black Panther Party, the Peace and Freedom Party, and the Politics of Race in 1968.” Ph.D. University of California, Santa Cruz, 2002. Witt, Andrew. “‘Picking up the Hammer’: The Community Programs and Services of the Black Panther Party with Emphasis on the Milwaukee Branch, 1966--1977.” Ph.D. Loyola University Chicago, 2005.

WEB SITES

Black Panther Party http://www.blackpanther.org/

It's About Time: Black Panther Party Legacy & Alumni http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/

The Black Panther Research Project http://www.stanford.edu/group/blackpanthers/index.shtml

UC Berkeley Library Social Activism Sound Recording Project: The Black Panther Party http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/pacificapanthers.html

FBI File on the Black Panther Party, Winston-Salem, North Caorlina http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/bpanther.htm

A Huey P. Newton Story http://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/

The Bobby Seale Homepage http://www.bobbyseale.com/

Assata Speaks! http://www.assatashakur.org/

A Panther in Africa http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2004/apantherinafrica/index.html