Bibliography Home

1. “The 1st International Conference of Negro Writers and Artists [Paris—Sorbonne—19th-22nd September 1956].” Présence Africaine 8-10 (June-November 1956).

2. “Are Negro Girls Getting Prettier?” Ebony 31, no. 4 (February 1966): 25-31.

3. “Birth Control Pills and Black Children: The Sisters Reply [1968].” The Sixties Papers: Docu- ments of a Rebellious Decade eds. Judith Clavir Albert, and Stewart Edward Albert, 478- 80. New York: Praeger, 1984.

4. The Black Revolution; An Ebony Special Issue. Chicago: Johnson Pub. Co., 1970.

5. “Black Scholar Interviews Kathleen Cleaver.” Black Scholar 3, no. 4 (December 1971): 54-59.

6. “Second Congress of Negro Writers and Artists [Rome: March 26-April 1, 1956].” Présence Africaine 24-25 (February-May 1959).

7. Aberbach, Joel D., and Jack L. Walker. “The Meanings of Black Power: A Comparison of White and Black Interpretations of a Political Slogan.” American Political Science Review 64, no. 2 (June 1970): 367-88.

8. Abraham, Kinfe. Politics of Black Nationalism: From Harlem to Soweto. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1991.

9. Ackah, William B. Pan-Africanism, Exploring the Contradictions: Politics, Identity, and Devel- opment in Africa and the African Diaspora . Aldershot, England; Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1999.

10. Adi, Hakim. “Pan-Africanism and West African Nationalism in Britain.” African Studies Review 43, no. 1 (April 2000): 69-82.

11. ———. West Africans in Britain, 1900-1960: Nationalism, Pan-Africanism, and Communism. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1998.

12. Adi, Hakim, and Marika Sherwood The 1945 Manchester Pan-African Congress Revisited. 3rd ed. London: New Beacon Books, 1995.

13. Ahmad, Akbar Muhammad. “The Pan-African Revolution.”n.d.

14. ———. “The World Black Revolution.”n.d.

15. Ahmad, Muhammad. “Toward Pan-African Liberation.” Black Scholar 5, no. 7 (1974): 24-31.

16. Aikens, Lenton. “Pan-Africanism: Self-Determination and Nation Building.” Negro Digest 19, no. 1 (November 1969): 38-42. 17. Al-Amin, Jamil. Revolution by the Book (The Rap Is Live). Beltsville, MD: Writers’ Inc., 1993.

18. Albert, Judith Clavir, and Stewart Edward Albert, eds. The Sixties Papers: Documents of a Rebellious Decade . New York: Praeger, 1984.

19. Aldridge, Dan. “Politics in Command of Economics.” Monthly Review 21, no. 6 (November 1969): 14-27.

20. Alexander, Franklin. “A Critique of Neo-Pan-Africanism.” Black Scholar 4, no. 10 (July-August 1973): 9-15.

21. Allen, Ernest, Jr. “Detroit: I Do Mind Dying.” Radical America 11 (January-February 1977): 69- 73.

22. ———. “Dying From the Inside: The Decline of the League of Revolutionary Black Workers.” They Should Have Served That Cup of Coffee: Seven Radicals Remember the Sixties ed. Dick Cluster, 71-109. Boston: South End Press, 1979.

23. ———. “Marxism and the Question of Black Culture.”Marxism and Radicalism in Black. 65th Annual Meeting of the Organization of American Historians George Rawick, Chairman; C. L. R. James, Commentator.

24. ———. “Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam.” Black Scholar 26, no. 3-4 (Fall-Winter 1996): 2-34.

25. Allen, Robert. “Black Liberation and World Revolution: An Historical Synthesis.” Black Scholar 3, no. 6 (February 1972): 7-23.

26. ———. “Black Nationalism and the Nation of Islam.” Black Experience: Analysis and Synthesis ed. Carlene Young, 254-59. San Rafael, CA: Leswing Press, 1972.

27. Allen, Robert L. Black Awakening in Capitalist America: An Analytic History. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1969.

28. ———. Dialectics of Black Power. New York: Weekly Guardian Asssociates, 1968.

29. Allen, Robert L., and Pamela P. Allen. Reluctant Reformers; Racism and Social Reform Move- ments in the United States. Washington: Howard University Press, 1974.

30. Alpers, Edward A., and Pierre-Michel Fontaine, eds. Walter Rodney, Revolutionary and Scholar: A Tribute. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies and African Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 1982.

31. American Society of African Culture, ed. Africa From the Point of View of American Negro Scholars. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1958.

32. ———. “Issue Dedicated to the First World Festival of Negro Arts, Dakar, Senegal, April 1-24, 1966.” African Forum 1, no. 4 (1966).

33. ———, ed. Pan-Africanism Reconsidered. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962. 34. Anderson, S. E. “Pitfalls of Black Intellectuals.” Black Scholar 5, no. 3 (November 1973): 22-31.

35. ———. “Revolutionary Black Nationalism Is Pan-African.” Black Scholar 2, no. 7 (March 1971): 16-23.

36. ———. “Revolutionary Nationalism and the Pan-African Idea.” The Black Seventies ed. Floyd B. Barbour, 99-126. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1970.

37. ———. “Science, Technology and Black Liberation.” Black Scholar 5, no. 6 (March 1974): 2-8.

38. Anderson, Talmadge. “Black Economic Liberation Under Capitalism.” Black Scholar 2, no. 2 (October 1970): 11-16.

39. Andrews, Lori B. Black Power, White Blood: The Life and Times of Johnny Spain. New York: Pantheon Books, 1996.

40. Anthony, Earl. “Pan-African Socialism.” Black Scholar 3, no. 2 (October 1971): 40-45.

41. ———. Picking Up the Gun; A Report on the Black Panthers. New York: Dial Press, 1970.

42. ———. Spitting in the Wind: The True Story Behind the Violent Legacy of the Black Panther Party. Santa Monica, CA: Roundtable Publishing, 1990.

43. Aranson, James. “The New Politics of Black Power.” Monthly Review 19, no. 5 (October 1967): 11-21.

44. Arlen, Michael J. An American Verdict. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1973.

45. Austin, Curtis Jerome. “The Role of Violence in the Creation, Sustenance, and Destruction of the Black Panther Party, 1966-1972.” Ph.D. Diss., Mississippi State University, 1998.

46. Ayaga, Odeyo O. “OAU and Pan-Africanism in the 1970s.” Black World 20, no. 10 (August 1971): 41-42, 67-71.

47. Azikiwe, Nnamdi. Renascent Africa. London: Cass, 1968.

48. Bailey, Ron. “Economic Aspects of the Black Internal Colony.” Review of Black Political Economy 3, no. 4 (Summer 1973): 43-72.

49. Bailey, Ronald. “Economic Aspects of the Black Internal Colony.” Structures of Dependency eds. Frank Bonilla, and Robert Henriques Girling, 161-88. Nairobi [E. Palo Alto], CA: distrib- uted by Nairobi Bookstore, 1973.

50. Bailey, Ronald, and Guillermo Flores. “Internal Colonialism and Racial Minorities in the U.S.: An Overview.” Structures of Dependency eds. Frank Bonilla, and Robert Henriques Girling, 149-59. Nairobi [E. Palo Alto], CA: distributed by Nairobi Bookstore, 1973.

51. Balakrishnan, Gopal, ed. Mapping the Nation. London: Verso, 1996.

52. Baraka, Amiri. “Black Nationalism: 1972.” Black Scholar 4, no. 1 (September 1972): 23-29. 53. ———. “The Congress of Afrikan People: A Position Paper.” Black Scholar 6, no. 5 (January- February 1975): 2-15.

54. ———. “The Pan-African Party and the Black Nation.” Black Scholar 2, no. 7 (March 1971): 24-33.

55. ———. “The Practice of the New Nationalism.” Journal of Black Poetry 1, no. 14 (1970-1971): 38-41.

56. ———. Revolutionary Culture and Future of Pan-Afrikan Culture / Presented at the 6th Pan- Afrikan Congress, June 19-27, 1974. Dar es Salaam?; Newark, NJ?: s.n. [Congress of Afrikan People?], 1974?

57. ———. “Some Questions About the Sixth Pan-African Congress.” Black Scholar 6, no. 2 (Octo- ber 1974): 42-46.

58. ———. Toward Ideological Clarity. Newark: Congress of Afrikan People, 1974.

59. Barbour, Floyd B., ed. The Black Power Revolt; A Collection of Essays. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1968.

60. ———, ed. The Black Seventies. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1970.

61. Barboza, Steven, ed. American Jihad: Islam After Malcolm X. New York: Doubleday, 1994.

62. Barlow, Bill, and Peter Shapiro. “Observations on Race and Class at San Francisco State.” Black Power and Student Rebellion eds. James McEvoy, and Abraham Miller, 277-97. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1969.

63. Baron, Harold M. “Black Powerlessness in Chicago.” Trans-Action 6 (November 1968): 27-33.

64. ———. “The Demand for Black Labor: Historical Notes on the Political Economy of Racism.” Radical America 5, no. 2 (March-April 1971): 1-46.

65. ———. “Racism Transformed: The Implications of the 1960s.” Review of Radical Political Economics 17, no. 3 (1985): 10-33.

66. ———. “The Web of Urban Racism.” Institutional Racism in America, eds. Louis L. Knowles, and Kenneth Prewitt, 134-76. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969.

67. Baruch, Ruth-Marion, and Pirkle Jones. The Vanguard; A Photographic Essay on the Black Panthers. Boston: Beacon Press, 1970.

68. Beal, Frances. “Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female.” New Generation 51 (1969): 23-28.

69. Beal, Frances M. “Slave Of A Slave No More: Black Women In Struggle.” Black Scholar 6, no. 6 (March 1975): 2-10.

70. Bittker, Boris. The Case for Black Reparations. New York: Random House, 1973. 71. Blair, Thomas L. Retreat to the Ghetto: The End of a Dream? New York: Hill & Wang, 1977.

72. Blauner, Bob. Racial Oppression in America. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.

73. Blauner, Robert. “Colonized and Immigrant Minorities.” Nation of Nations; The Ethnic Experi- ence and the Racial Crisis ed. Peter I. Rose, 243-58. New York: Random House, 1972.

74. ———. “Internal Colonialism and Ghetto Revolt.” Social Problems 16, no. 4 (1969): 393-408.

75. Blaustein, Arthur I., and Geoffrey Faux. The Star-Spangled Hustle. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1972.

76. Blaut, James M. The National Question: Decolonizing the Theory of Nationalism. London; Atlantic Highlands, NJ, USA: ZED Books, 1987.

77. Bloice, Carl. “Black Labor Is Black Power.” Black Scholar 2, no. 2 (October 1970): 29-32.

78. Bloom, Alexander, and Wini Breines, eds. Takin’ It to the Streets: A Sixties Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

79. Boggs, Grace, and James Boggs. “The City Is the Black Man’s Land.” Monthly Review 17, no. 11 (April 1966): 35-46.

80. Boggs, Grace Lee. “Education: The Great Obsession.” Monthly Review 22, no. 4 (September 1970): 18-39.

81. ———. Living for Change: An Autobiography. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.

82. ———. “Martin and Malcolm: How Shall We Honor Our Heroes?” Monthly Review 49, no. 2 (1997): 10-19.

83. Boggs, James. The American Revolution, Pages From a Negro Worker’s Notebook. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1963.

84. ———. “Beyond Malcolm X.” Monthly Review 29, no. 7 (1977): 30-48.

85. ———. “Beyond Militancy.” Monthly Review 26, no. 4 (1974): 34-44.

86. ———. “Beyond Nationalism.” Monthly Review 25, no. 8 (1974): 34-45.

87. ———. “Black Power: A Scientific Concept Whose Time Has Come.” Liberator (May 1967): ??

88. ———. “The Black Revolt.” Monthly Review 15, no. 9 (January 1964): 504-10.

89. ———. “Black Revolutionary Power.” Ebony 125, no. 10 (August 1970): 152-56.

90. ———. “A Black View of the White Worker.” New Generation 51, no. 2 (1969): 10-14.

91. ———. “Blacks in the Cities: Agenda for the 70s.” Black Scholar 4, no. 3 (November-December 1972): 50-61. 92. ———. Curriculum Studies for a Black Studies Institute. New York: National Association for African-American Education, 1969.

93. ———. “The Final Confrontation.” Liberator 8 (March 1968): 4-8.

94. ———. “The Influence of Malcolm X on the Political Consciousness of Black Americans.” Malcolm X; The Man and His Times ed. John Henrik Clarke, 50-55. New York: Collier Books, 1969.

95. ———. “Integration and Democracy: Two Myths That Have Failed.” Black America (Fall 1964): 4-6.

96. ———. Manifesto for a Black Revolutionary Party. 19??

97. ———. “The Meaning of the Black Revolt in the U.S.A.” Revolution 1, no. 9 (January 1964): ??

98. ———. “The Myth and Irrationality of Black Capitalism.” Review of Black Political Economy 1, no. 1 (Spring-Summer 1970): 27-35.

99. ———. “Power! Black Power!” Liberator (May 1967): ??

100. ———. “Racism and Class.” Canadian Dimension 11, no. 6 (1976): 28-34.

101. ———. Racism and the Class Struggle; Further Pages From a Black Worker’s Notebook. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1970.

102. ———. “The Revolutionary Struggle for Black Power.” The Black Seventies ed. Floyd B. Barbour, 33-48. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1970.

103. ———. “The Rights of Man in an Age of Abundance.” Revolution 1, no. 8 (December 1963): [93].

104. ———. “Uprooting Racism and Racists in The United States.” Black Scholar 2, no. 2 (October 1970): 2-10.

105. Boggs, James, and Grace Boggs. The Awesome Responsibilities of Revolutionary Leadership [“The Role of the Vanguard Party”]. Detroit: Committee for Political Development, 1970?

106. ———. “The Role of the Vanguard Party.” Monthly Review 21, no. 11 (April 1970): 9-24.

107. Boggs, James, and Grace Lee Boggs. Revolution and Evolution in the Twentieth Century. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974.

108. Bond, Horace Mann. “Forming African Youth: A Philosophy of Education.” Africa From the Point of View of American Negro Scholars ed. American Society of African Culture, 247- 61. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1958.

109. Bond, Julian, and others. The “Trial” of Bobby Seale. New York: Priam Books, 1970. 110. Boyd, Herb. Black Panthers For Beginners. New York: Writers and Readers Publishing, 1995.

111. Bracey, John H., Jr. “Afro-American Women: A Brief Guide to Writings From Historical and Feminist Perspectives.” Contributions in Black Studies 8 (1986-1987): 106-10.

112. ———. “An Experiment in Black Nationalist History; The Thought of E. Franklin Frazier: Nationalist Assumptions and Implications.”1968.

113. ———. “Marxism and Black Nationalism in the 1960’s: The Origins of Revolutionary Black Nationalism.” Presented at the 72nd Annual Meeting of the Organization of American Historians, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1979.

114. ———. “Pan-Africanism and Pan-Africanists: Black Intellectuals Respond to Racism and Colonialism in the Twentieth Century.”1968.

115. ———. “The Thought of E. Franklin Frazier: Nationalist Assumptions and Implications.”53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History1968.

116. Bracey, John H., Jr., August Meier, and Elliott Rudwick, eds. Black Nationalism in America. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1970.

117. Bracey, John H., Jr., and William Eric Perkins. “Toward a Radical Analysis of Black History.”Marxism and Radicalism in Black. 65th Annual Meeting of the Organization of American Historians George Rawick, Chairman; C. L. R. James, Commentator.

118. Braden, Ann. “The Southern Freedom Movement in Perspective.” Monthly Review (July-August 1965).

119. Braden, Anne. House Un-American Activities Committee: Bulwark of Segregation. Los Angeles: National Committee to Abolish the House Un-American Activities Committee, 1963.

120. Breitman, George How a Minority Can Change Society: The Real Potential of the Afro-American Struggle. 2d ed. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1971.

121. Brent, William Lee. Long Time Gone. New York: Times Books, 1996.

122. Brisbane, Robert H. Black Activism; Racial Revolution in the United States, 1954-1970. Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press, 1974.

123. Brown, Elaine. A Taste of Power: A Black Woman’s Story. New York: Pantheon Books, 1992.

124. Brown, H. Rap [Jamil Al-Amin]. Die, Nigger, Die! New York: Dial Press, 1969.

125. Brown, Lloyd W. “The West Indian As an Ethnic Stereotype in Black American Literature.” Negro American Literature Forum 5, no. 1 (Spring 1971): 8-14.

126. Brown, Scot D. “The US Organization: African-American Cultural Nationalism in the Era of Black Power, 1965 to the 1970s.” Ph.D. Diss., Cornell University, 1999.

127. Browne, Robert S. “Black Economic Autonomy.” Black Scholar 3, no. 2 (October 1971): 26-31. 128. ———. “The Case for Black Separatism.” Ramparts 6, no. 5 (December 1967): 46-51.

129. ———. “Separation.” Ebony 125, no. 10 (August 1970): 46-48, 50-52.

130. Bryce, Herrington J., and Alan E. Warrick. “Black Women in Elective Offices.” Black Scholar 6, no. 2 (October 1974): 17-20.

131. Buhle, Paul. “C. L. R. James: Paradoxical Pan-Africanist.” Imagining Home: Class, Culture, and Nationalism in the African Diaspora, eds. Sidney J. Lemelle, and Robin D. G. Kelley, 158-66. London; New York: Verso, 1994.

132. Bush, Rod. We Are Not What We Seem: Black Nationalism and Class Struggle in the American Century. New York: New York University Press, 1999.

133. Cade, Toni The Black Woman: An Anthology. New York: New American Library, 1970.

134. Carew, Jan. Ghosts in Our Blood: With Malcolm X in Africa, England, and the Caribbean. New York: Lawrence Hill Books, 1994.

135. Carmichael, Stokely. Black Power and the Third World. Thornhill, Ontario; Canada: Third World Information Service, 1967?

136. ———. “Pan-Africanism: Land and Power.” Black Scholar 27, no. 3-4 (1997): 58-64.

137. ———. Stokely Speaks; Black Power Back to Pan-Africanism. New York: Random House, 1971.

138. ———. “‘We Are All Africans’: A Speech by Stokely Carmichael to Malcolm X University.” Black Scholar 27, no. 3-4 (1997): 65-68.

139. ———. “What We Want.” New York Review of Books, 22 September 1966, pp. 5-8.

140. Carmichael, Stokely, and Charles V. Hamilton. Black Power; The Politics of Liberation in America. New York: Random House, 1967.

141. Carrère d’Encausse, Hélène, and Stuart R. Schram, eds. Marxism and Asia. Baltimore: Penguin Press, 1969.

142. Carson, Clayborne. In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981.

143. Césaire, Aimé. “The Man of Culture and His Responsibilities.” Présence Africaine 24-25 (Febru- ary-May 1959): 125-32.

144. Chaberski, Stephen George. “The Strategy of Defense in a Political Trial: The Trial of the ‘Pan- ther 21’.” Ph.D. Diss., Columbia University, 1975.

145. Challenor, Herschelle. “Trans-Africanism: A New Strategy for Black Americanism?” Center Report 5, no. 5 (1972): 7-10. 146. Chevigny, Paul. Cops and Rebels: A Study of Provocation. New York: Pantheon Books, 1972.

147. Chick, C. A., Sr. “The American Negroes’ Changing Attitude Toward Africa.” Journal of Negro Education 31, no. 4 (Autumn 1962): 531-35.

148. Chisholm, Shirley. “Race, Revolution and Women.” Black Scholar 3, no. 4 (December 1971): 17-21.

149. ———. “Racism and Anti-Feminism.” Black Scholar 1, no. 3-4 (January-February 1970): 40-47.

150. ———. “The White Press: Racist and Sexist.” Black Scholar 5, no. 1 (September 1973): 20-22.

151. Chrisman, Robert. “Aspects of Pan-Africanism.” Black Scholar 4, no. 10 (July-August 1973): 2- 8.

152. ———. “Observations on Race and Class at San Francisco State.” Black Power and Student Rebellion eds. James McEvoy, and Abraham Miller, 222-32. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1969.

153. Chrisman, Robert, and Nathan Hare, eds. Contemporary Black Thought; The Best From the Black Scholar. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1973.

154. ———, eds. Pan-Africanism. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1974.

155. Christoffel, Tom. “Black Power and Corporate Capitalism.” Monthly Review 20, no. 5 (October 1968): 75-82.

156. Churchill, Ward, and Jim Vander Wall. Agents of Repression: The FBI’s Secret Wars Against the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement. Boston: South End Press, 1990.

157. ———. The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents From the FBI’s Secret War Against Domestic Dissent. Boston: South End Press, 1990.

158. Clark, Kenneth. Dark Ghetto; Dilemmas of Social Power. New York: Harper & Row, 1965.

159. Clarke, John Henrik. “Kwame Nkrumah: His Years in America.” Black Scholar 6, no. 2 (October 1974): 9-16.

160. ———, ed. Malcolm X; The Man and His Times. New York: Macmillan, 1969.

161. ———. “The New Afro-American Nationalism.” Freedomways 1 (Fall 1961): 285-95.

162. ———. “Pan-Africanism: A Brief History of an Idea in the African World.” Présence Africaine 1 (1988): 26-56.

163. Cleage, Albert B. Black Christian Nationalism; New Directions for the Black Church. New York: W. Morrow, 1972.

164. Cleaver, Eldridge. “Black Power.” Monthly Review 19, no. 8 (January 1968): 50-55. 165. ———. “The Crisis of the Black Bourgeoisie.” Black Scholar 4, no. 4 (January 1973): 2-11.

166. ——— Eldridge Cleaver: Post-Prison Writings and Speeches, ed. Robert Scheer. New York: Vintage Books, 1969.

167. ———. On the Ideology of the Black Panther Party. San Francisco: Ministry of Information, Black Panther Party, 1970?

168. ———. Soul on Fire . Waco, TX: Word Books, 1978.

169. ———. Soul on Ice. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.

170. Cleaver, Kathleen, and George Katsiaficas, eds. Liberation, Imagination and the Black Panther Party: A New Look at the Black Panthers and Their Legacy. New York: Routledge, 2001.

171. Clegg, Claude A. An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.

172. ———. “Nation Under Siege: Elijah Muhammad, the FBI, and Police-State Culture in Chicago.” Police Brutality: An Anthology ed. Jill Nelson, 102-31. New York: W. W. Norton, 2000.

173. Cobb, Charlie. “We Are an African People.” Journal of Black Poetry 1, no. 14 (1970-1971): 8- 11.

174. Cole, Johnnetta B. “Black Women in America: An Annotated Bibliography.” Black Scholar 3, no. 4 (December 1971): 42-53.

175. Commission of Inquiry into the Black Panthers and the Police. Search and Destroy; A Report. Roy Wilkins and Ramsey Clark, Chairmen. New York: Metropolitan Applied Research Center, 1973.

176. Connor, Walker. Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding. Princeton: Princeton Univer- sity Press, 1994.

177. ———. The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984.

178. Conyers, John, Jr. “Toward Black Political Empowerment: Can the System Be Transformed?” Black Scholar 7, no. 2 (October 1975): 2-7.

179. Corson, William R. Promise or Peril; the Black College Student in America. New York: Norton, 1970.

180. Countryman, Matthew J. “Civil Rights and Black Power in Philadelphia, 1940-1971.” Ph.D. Diss., Duke University, 1999.

181. Cox, Don. “The Split in the Party.” New Political Science 21, no. 2 (June 1999): 171-76.

182. Crawford, Vicki L., Jacqueline Anne Rouse, and Barbara Woods, eds. Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941-1965. Brooklyn, NY: Carlson Pub., 1990. 183. Crouchett, Lawrence. “Early Black Studies Movements.” Journal of Black Studies 2, no. 2 (December 1971): 189-200.

184. Crowe, Charles. “Historians and “Benign Neglect”: Conservative Trends in Southern History and Black Studies.” Reviews in American History 2, no. 2 (June 1974): 163-73.

185. Cruse, Harold. “The Amilcar Cabral Politico-Cultural Model.” Black World 24, no. 12 (October 1975): 20-27.

186. ———. “Black and White: Outlines of the Next Stage.” Black World 20, no. 3 (January 1971): 19-41, 66-71.

187. ———. “Black and White: Outlines of the Next Stage, Part II.” Black World 20, no. 5 (March 1971): 4-31.

188. ———. “Black and White: Outlines of the Next Stage, Part III.” Black World 20, no. 7 (May 1971): 9-40.

189. ———. “Contemporary Challenges to Black Studies.” Black Scholar 15, no. 3 (1984): 41-47.

190. ———. The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual. New York: Morrow, 1967.

191. ———. “The Integrationist Ethic As a Basis for Scholarly Endeavors.” Black Studies in the University; A Symposium eds. Armstead L. Robinson, Craig C. Foster, and Donald H. Ogilvie, 4-12. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.

192. ———. “The Little Rock National Black Political Convention [Part I: Black Political Series].” Black World 23, no. 12 (October 1974): 10-17, 82-88.

193. ———. “Locating the Black Intellectual: An Interview With Harold Cruse.” interviewer Van Gosse. Radical History Review 71 (1998): 96-120.

194. ———. “Methodology and Pan-Africanism.” Black World 24, no. 3 (January 1975): 4-20.

195. ———. “The National Black Political Convention, Part II.” Black World 24, no. 1 (November 1974): 4-21.

196. ———. Plural but Equal: A Critical Study of Blacks and Minorities and America’s Plural Society. New York: William Morrow, 1987.

197. ———. Rebellion or Revolution? New York: Morrow, 1968.

198. ———. “Replay on a Black Crisis.” Negro Digest 18, no. 1 (November 1968): 19-25, 65-69.

199. ———. “Reply [to Clark Foreman].” Studies on the Left 3, no. 1 (1962): 67-71.

200. ———. “Reply [to Richard Greenleaf].” Studies on the Left 3, no. 1 (1962): 60-65.

201. ———. “Revolutionary Nationalism and the Afro-American.” Studies on the Left 2, no. 3 (1962): 12-25. 202. ———. “Revolutionary Nationalism and the Afro-American [1962].” Rebellion or Revolution?, 74-96. New York: Morrow, 1968.

203. ———. “Two Fundamental Problems.” Massachusetts Review 10 (May 1969): 726.

204. Cruse, Harold, George Breitman, and Clifton DeBerry. Marxism and the Negro Struggle. New York: Merit Publishers, 1965.

205. Cruse, Harold W. “Americanizing the Radical Program.” Studies on the Left 3, no. 2 (Winter 1963): 68-70.

206. ———. “Black Studies: Interpretation, Methodology, and the Relationship to Social Move- ments.” Afro-American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2 (1971): 15-51.

207. Cuba, Prince A. “Black Gods of the Inner City.” Gnosis 25 (Fall 1992): 57-63.

208. Cummins, Eric. The Rise and Fall of California’s Radical Prison Movement. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994.

209. Dalfiume, Richard M. “The ‘Forgotten Years’ of the Negro Revolution.” Journal of American History 55, no. 1 (June 1968): 90-106.

210. Davis, Angela Y. “The Making of a Revolutionary.” Women’s Review of Books (June 1993).

211. Davis, Angela Yvonne. Angela Davis—An Autobiography. New York: Random House, 1974.

212. ——— The Angela Y. Davis Reader, ed. Joy James. New York: Blackwell, 1998.

213. ———. If They Come in the Morning; Voices of Resistance. New York: J. Okpaku Publishing Co., 1971.

214. ———. “The Struggle Of Ben Chavis and the Wilmington 10.” Black Scholar 6, no. 7 (April 1975): 27-31.

215. ———. Women, Culture & Politics. New York: Random House, 1989.

216. ———. Women, Race & Class. New York: Random House, 1981.

217. Davis, Arthur P. “The Negro Student and World Revolution.” Journal of Negro Education 12, no. 1 (Winter 1943): 7-13.

218. Davis, Horace B. Nationalism & Socialism; Marxist and Labor Theories of Nationalism to 1917. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967.

219. ———. Toward a Marxist Theory of Nationalism. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1978.

220. Davis, Lenwood G., comp. Pan-Africanism; A Selected Bibliography. Portland, OR: 1972.

221. DeBerry, Clyde E., Joseph Fashing, and Calvin Harris. “Black Power and Black Population: A Dilemma.” Journal of Negro Education 38, no. 1 (Winter 1969): 14-21. 222. Debray, Régis Revolution in the Revolution? Armed Struggle and Political Struggle in Latin America, trans. Bobbye Oritz. New York: MR Press, 1967.

223. DeCaro, Louis A., Jr. Malcolm and the Cross: the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X, and Christianity. New York: New York University Press, 1998.

224. ———. On the Side of My People: A Religious Life of Malcolm X. New York: New York Univer- sity Press, 1996.

225. Dellinger, David T. The Conspiracy Trial, eds. Judy Clavir, and John Spitzer. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1970.

226. ———. Contempt; Transcript of the Contempt Citations, Sentences, and Responses of the Chicago Conspiracy 10. Chicago: Swallow Press, 1970.

227. Donald, Cleveland. “Cornell: Confrontation in Black and White.” Divided We Stand; Reflections on the Crisis at Cornell eds. Cushing Strout, and David I. Grossvogel, 152-204. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1970.

228. Donner, Frank J. Protectors of Privilege: Red Squads and Police Repression in Urban America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

229. Downs, Donald Alexander. Cornell ’69: Liberalism and the Crisis of the American University. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.

230. Drachler, Jacob, ed. Black Homeland/Black Diaspora: Cross-Currents of the African Relation- ship. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1975.

231. Drake, St. Clair. “An Approach to the Evaluation of African Societies.” Africa From the Point of View of American Negro Scholars ed. American Society of African Culture, 11-34. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1958.

232. ———. “The Black Diaspora in Pan-African Perspective.” Black Scholar 7, no. 1 (September 1975): 2-13.

233. ———. “Black Studies and Global Perspectives: An Essay.” Journal of Negro Education 53, no. 3 (Summer 1984): 226-42.

234. ———. “Hide My Face?: An Essay on Pan-Africanism and Negritude.” Soon One Morning, ed. Herbert Hill, 78-105. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1963.

235. ———. “The International Implications of Race and Race Relations.” Journal of Negro Educa- tion 20, no. 3 (Summer 1951): 261-78.

236. ———. “Negro Americans and the African Interest.” The American Negro Reference Book ed. John P. Davis, 629-65. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966.

237. ———. “The Responsibility of Men of Culture for Destroying the Hamitic Myth.” Présence Africaine 24-25 (February-May 1959): 228-43. 238. Du Bois, David G. “Toward Pan-African Media Workers Unity.” Black Scholar 5, no. 1 (Septem- ber 1973): 11-14.

239. Du Bois, David Graham. “Afro-American Militants in Africa.” Black World 21, no. 4 (February 1972): 4-11.

240. Du Bois, W. E. B. “Africa and the American Negro Intelligentsia.” Présence Africaine N.S. 5 (December 1955-January 1956): 34-51.

241. ———. “Africa and the American Negro Intelligentsia.” in Speech & Power: The African- American Essay and Its Cultural Content From Polemics to Pulpit, ed. Gerald Early, 2:413-4262 vols. New York: Ecco Press, 1993.

242. Emerson, Rupert. “Pan-Africanism.” International Organization 16, no. 2 (Spring 1962): 275- 90.

243. Epton, Bill. The Black Liberation Struggle (Within the Current World Struggle). Harlem, NY: Black Liberation Press, 1976.

244. Erikson, Erik H., and Huey P. Newton. In Search of Common Ground; Conversations With Erik H. Erikson and Huey P. Newton. New York: Norton, 1973.

245. Esedebe, P. Olisanwuche. Pan-Africanism: The Idea and Movement, 1776-1963. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1982.

246. Essien-Udom, E. U. Black Nationalism; A Search for an Identity in America. Chicago: Univer- sity of Chicago Press, 1962.

247. ———. “The Nationalist Movements of Harlem.” Harlem, A Community in Transition 3rd ed., ed. John Henrik Clarke, 97-104. New York: Citadel Press, 1964.

248. ———. “The Relationship of Afro-Americans to African Nationalism.” Freedomways 2, no. 4 (Fall 1962): 391-407.

249. Evanzz, Karl. The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad. New York: Pantheon, 1999.

250. Fabre, Genevieve, and Robert O’Meally, eds. History and Memory in African-American Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

251. Fairclough, Adam. Better Day Coming: Blacks and Equality, 1890-2000. New York: Viking, 2001.

252. Fanon, Frantz. “The Reciprocal Basis of National Cultures and the Struggles for Liberation.” Présence Africaine 24-25 (February-May 1959): 89-97.

253. ——— Toward the African Revolution; Political Essays, trns. Haakon Chevalier. New York: Grove Press, 1969.

254. ——— The Wretched of the Earth, trns. Constance Farrington. New York: Grove Press, 1963. 255. Farmer, James. “An American Negro Leader’s View Of African Unity.” African Forum 1, no. 1 (Summer 1965): 69-89.

256. Farrakhan, Louis. 7 Speeches by Minister Louis Farrakhan. Newport News, VA: Ramza Associ- ates & United Brothers Communications Systems, [1974?].

257. Ferry, W. H., and others. “The Triple Revolution [Excerpts].” The Sixties Papers: Documents of a Rebellious Decade eds. Judith Clavir Albert, and Stewart Edward Albert, 197-208. New York: Praeger, 1984.

258. Finkenstaedt, Rose L. H. Face-to-Face: Blacks in America: White Perceptions and Black Reali- ties. New York: William Morrow, 1994.

259. Fletcher, Jim, Tanaquil Jones, and Sylvere Lotringer, eds. “Still Black, Still Strong: Survivors of the U.S. War Against Black Revolutionaries.”. New York: Semiotext(e), 1993.

260. Foner, Philip S., ed. The Black Panthers Speak. New York: Da Capo Press, 1995.

261. Forman, James. “The Black Manifesto.” Black Poets and Prophets; The Theory, Practice, and Esthetics of the Pan-Africanist Revolution eds. Woodie King, and Earl Anthony, 86-98. New York: New American Library, 1972.

262. ———. The Making of Black Revolutionaries; A Personal Account. New York: Macmillan, 1972.

263. ———. The Political Thought of James Forman. Detroit: Black Star Publishing, 1970.

264. Forrest, Leon. “Elijah.” Relocations of the Spirit: Essays, 66-116. Wakefield, RI: Asphodel Press/ Moyer Bell, 1994.

265. Frazier, E. Franklin. “Human, All Too Human: The Negro’s Vested Interest in Segregation.” Survey Graphic 36, no. 1 (January 1947): 74-75, 99-100.

266. ———. “What Can the American Negro Contribute to the Social Development of Africa?” Africa From the Point of View of American Negro Scholars ed. American Society of African Culture, 263-78. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1958.

267. Fredrickson, George M. Black Liberation: a Comparative History of Black Ideologies in the United States and South Africa. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

268. Freed, Donald. Agony in New Haven; the Trial of Bobby Seale, Ericka Huggins, and the Black Panther Party. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973.

269. Friesema, H. Paul. “Black Control of Central Cities: The Hollow Prize.” Journal of the American Institute of Planners 35, no. 2 (March 1969): 75-79.

270. Frye, Jerry K. “The ‘Black Manifesto’ and the Tactic of Objectification.” Journal of Black Studies 5, no. 1 (September 1974): 65-76.

271. Gambino, Ferruccio. “The Transgression of a Laborer: Malcolm X in the Wilderness of America.” Radical History Review 55 (Winter 1993): 7-31. 272. Gardell, Mattias. In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1996.

273. Garrett, James. “A Historical Sketch: The Sixth Pan African Congress.” Black World 26, no. 5 (March 1975): 4-20.

274. Genovese, Eugene D. “Class and Nationality in Black America.” In Red and Black: Marxian Explorations in Southern and Afro-American History, 55-72. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984.

275. ———. In Red and Black: Marxian Explorations in Southern and Afro-American History. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984.

276. ———. “The Legacy of Slavery and the Roots of Black Nationalism.” Studies on the Left 6, no. 6 (November-December 1966): 3-26.

277. ———. “The Legacy of Slavery and the Roots of Black Nationalism (Revised).” In Red and Black: Marxian Explorations in Southern and Afro-American History, 129-57. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984.

278. ———. “Rejoinder [to Comments on The Legacy of Slavery and the Roots of Black National- ism].” Studies on the Left 6, no. 6 (November-December 1966): 55-65.

279. Georgakas, Dan, and Marvin Surkin Detroit, I Do Mind Dying. 2d ed. Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 1998.

280. Gitlin, Todd. “On the Line at San Francisco State.” Black Power and Student Rebellion eds. James McEvoy, and Abraham Miller, 298-306. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1969.

281. Glicksberg, Charles. “Negro Americans and the African Dream.” Phylon 8, no. 4 (4th Quarter 1947): 323-30.

282. Goldman, Peter The Death and Life of Malcolm X. 2d ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979.

283. Goldstein, Robert Justin. Political Repression in Modern America From 1870 to the Present. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1978.

284. Grimshaw, Allen D., ed. Racial Violence in the United States. Chicago: Aldine Pub. Co., 1969.

285. Gruesser, John Cullen. Black on Black: Twentieth-Century African American Writing About Africa. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2000.

286. Gurin, Patricia, and Edgar Epps. Black Consciousness, Identity, and Achievement: A Study of Students in Historically Black Colleges. New York: Wiley, 1975.

287. Guy-Sheftall, Beverly. “Black Feminism in the United States.” Upon These Shores: Themes in the African American Experience, 1600 to the Present eds. William R. Scott, and William G. Shade, 347-66. New York: Routledge, 2000. 288. Haddad, Yvonne, and John Esposito, eds. Muslims on the Americanization Path? Atlanta: Schol- ars Press, 1998.

289. Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, and Jane Idleman Smith, eds. Muslim Communities in North America. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1994.

290. Hahn, Harlan. “Black Separatists: Attitudes and Objectives in a Riot-Torn Ghetto.” Journal of Black Studies 1, no. 1 (September 1970): 35-53.

291. Hamilton, Charles V. “Pan-Africanism and the Black Struggle in the US.” Black Scholar 2, no. 7 (March 1971): 10-15.

292. Hansen, Emmanuel. “Frantz Fanon: A Bibliography Essay.” Pan-African Journal 5, no. 4 (1972): 387-405.

293. ———. “Freedom and Revolution in the Thought of Frantz Fanon.” Pan-African Journal [Kenya] 10, no. 1 (1977): 1-22.

294. Harding, Vincent. “The Vocation of the Black Scholar and the Struggles of the Black Commu- nity.” Education and Black Struggle: Notes From the Colonized World, 3-29. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Educational Review, Monograph No. 2, 1974.

295. Hare, Nathan. “Algiers 1969: A Report on the Pan-African Cultural Festival.” Black Scholar 1, no. 1 (November 1969): 2-10.

296. ———. “Behind the Black College Revolt.” Ebony 22, no. 10 (August 1967): 58-61.

297. Hare Nathan. “The Case for Separatism: ‘Black Perspective’.” Black Power and Student Rebel- lion eds. James McEvoy, and Abraham Miller, 233-35. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1969.

298. Hare, Nathan. “Questions and Answers About Black Studies.” Massachusetts Review 10 (May 1969): 727-36.

299. ———. “A Radical Perspective on Social Science Curricula.” Black Studies in the University; A Symposium eds. Armstead L. Robinson, Craig C. Foster, and Donald H. Ogilvie, 109-23. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.

300. Hare, Nathan, and Julia Hare. “Black Women 1970.” Trans-Action 8, no. 1-2 (1970): 65-69, 90.

301. Harley, Sharon, and Rosalyn Terborg-Penn, eds. The Afro-American Woman: Struggles and Images. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1978.

302. Harper, Frederick D. “The Influence of Malcolm X on Black Militancy.” Journal of Black Stud- ies 1, no. 4 (June 1971): 387-402.

303. Harris, Donald J. “The Black Ghetto As Colony: A Theoretical Critique and Alternative Formula- tion.” Review of Black Political Economy 2, no. 4 (Summer 1972): 3-33.

304. ———. “Marxian Exploitation and Domestic Colonialism.” Review of Black Political Economy 4, no. 4 (Summer 1974): 89-90. 305. Harris, Robert, Nyota Harris, and Grandassa Harris, eds. Carlos Cooks and Black Nationalism From Garvey to Malcolm. Dover, MA: Majority Press, 1962.

306. Harrison, E. C. “Student Unrest on the Black College Campus.” Journal of Negro Education 41, no. 2 (Spring 1972): 113-20.

307. Hayden, Casey, and Mary King. “Sex and Caste: A Kind of Memo.” The Sixties Papers: Docu- ments of a Rebellious Decade eds. Judith Clavir Albert, and Stewart Edward Albert, 133- 36. New York: Praeger, 1984.

308. Haywood, Harry. “The Crisis of Negro Reformism and the Growth of Nationalism.” Soulbook 3 (Fall 1965): 203-7.

309. ———. “Is the Black Bourgeoisie the Leader of the Black Liberation Struggle?” Soulbook 5 (Summer 1966): 70-75.

310. ———. “The Nation of Islam.” Soulbook 6 (Winter-Spring 1967): 137-43.

311. ———. Negro Liberation. New York: International Publishers, 1948.

312. ———. “The Two Epochs of Nation Development: Is Black Nationalism a Form of Classical Nationalism?” Soulbook 4 (Winter 1965-1966): 257-66.

313. Heath, G. Louis, ed. The Black Panther Leaders Speak: Huey P. Newton, Bobby Seale, Eldridge Cleaver and Company Speak Out Through the Black Panther Party’s Official Newspaper. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1976.

314. ———, ed. Off the Pigs!: The History and Literature of the Black Panther Party. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1976.

315. Hechter, Michael. Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development, 1536-1966. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975.

316. Henderson, Vivian W. “The Role of the Predominantly Negro Institutions.” Journal of Negro Education 36, no. 3 (Summer 1967): 266-73.

317. Hill, Adelaide Cromwell. “African Studies Programs in the United States.” Africa From the Point of View of American Negro Scholars ed. American Society of African Culture, 361-78. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1958.

318. ———. “Black Education in the Seventies: A Lesson From the Past.” The Black Seventies ed. Floyd B. Barbour, 51-67. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1970.

319. ———. “What Is Africa to Us?” The Black Power Revolt; A Collection of Essays ed. Floyd B. Barbour, 127-35. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1968.

320. Hill, Adelaide Cromwell, and Martin Kilson, eds. Apropos of Africa: Afro-American Leaders and the Romance of Africa. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1971.

321. Hill, Lance Edward. “The Deacons for Defense and Justice: Armed Self-Defense and the Civil Rights Movement.” Ph.D. Diss., Tulane University, 1997. 322. Hilliard, David, and Lewis Cole. This Side of Glory: The Autobiography of David Hilliard and the Story of the Black Panther Party. Boston: Little, Brown, 1993.

323. Hobson, Julius. “Black Power—Right or Left?” The Black Power Revolt; A Collection of Essays ed. Floyd B. Barbour, 199-203. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1968.

324. Hodgkin, Thomas Lionel. Nationalism in Colonial Africa. New York: New York University Press, 1957.

325. Hooker, James R. “Africa for the Afro-Americans: Padmore and the Black Press.” Radical America 2, no. 4 (July-August 1968): 14-19.

326. ———. Black Revolutionary; George Padmore’s Path From Communism to Pan-Africanism. London: Pall Mall Press, 1967.

327. Hopkins, Charles William. “The Deradicalization of the Black Panther Party: 1967-1973.” Ph.D. Diss., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1978.

328. Hopkins, Donald R. “Development of Black Political Organization in Berkeley Since 1960.” Experiment and Change in Berkeley: Essays on City Politics, 1950-1975 eds. Harriet Nathan, and Stanley Scott, 107-35. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies, Univer- sity of California, 1978.

329. ———. “Negro Youth in the ‘Now’.” Ebony 22, no. 10 (August 1967): 110-112, 114-15.

330. ———. “The Social Value of Black Indignation.” Negro Digest 15, no. 5 (March 1966): 4-9.

331. Hulett, John, and Stokely Carmichael. The Black Panther Party. New York: Merit Publishers, 1966.

332. Hull, Gloria T., Patricia Bell-Scott, and Barbara Smith, eds. All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women’s Studies. Old Westbury, NY: Feminist Press, 1982.

333. Husain, Syed Anwar. “Islam and Pan-Africanism.” Dhaka University Studies Part A [Bangladesh] 40 (1984 ): 133-55.

334. Hutchings, Phil. “Report on the ALSC National Conference.” Black Scholar 5, no. 10 (July- August 1974): 48-53.

335. Institute of the Black World. “Statement of Purpose and Program, Fall, 1969.” Massachusetts Review 10 (May 1969): 713-17.

336. Isaacs, Harold R. “The American Negro and Africa: Some Notes.” Phylon 20, no. 3 (Fall 1959): 219-33.

337. ———. The New World of Negro Americans. New York: Viking Press, 1964.

338. Jackson, George. Blood in My Eye. New York: Random House, 1972. 339. ———. Soledad Brother; The Prison Letters of George Jackson. New York: Coward-McCann, 1970.

340. ———. “Struggle and the Black Man.” Black Scholar 2, no. 10 (June 1971): 48-52.

341. Jackson, Henry F. “Political and Social Ideas of Frantz Fanon: Relevance to Black Americans.” Pan-African Journal [Kenya] 5, no. 4 (1972): 473-91.

342. Jackson, Jacquelyne J. “But Where Are the Men?” Black Scholar 3, no. 4 (December 1971): 30- 41.

343. Jackson, James E. “A Fighting People Forging Unity.” Political Affairs 42, no. 8 (August 1963): 41-46.

344. ———. “Separatism—A Bourgeois Trap.” Political Affairs 48, no. 3 (March 1969): 25-38.

345. Jalée, Pierre. “Third World? Which Third World?” Revolution 1, no. 7 (November 1963): 3-9.

346. James, C. L. R. “African Independence and the Myth of Black Inferiority.” Education and Black Struggle: Notes From the Colonized World, 33-41. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Educational Review, Monograph No. 2, 1974.

347. ———. Black Power: Its Past, Today, and the Way Ahead. Lansing, MI: Marcus Garvey Insti- tute, 1967?

348. ——— A History of Pan-African Revolt. 2d ed. Washington: Drum and Spear Press, 1969.

349. Janowitz, Morris. Social Control of Escalated Riots. Chicago : University of Chicago, Center for Policy Study, 1968.

350. Jeffers, Trellie. “The Black Black Woman and the Black Middle Class.” Black Scholar 4, no. 6-7 (March-April 1973): 37-41.

351. Johnson, Roberta Ann. “The Prison Birth of Black Power.” Journal of Black Studies 5, no. 4 (June 1975): 395-414.

352. Johnson, Sterling. Black Globalism: The International Politics of a Non-State Nation. Aldershot, Hants, England; Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1998.

353. Jones, Charles E., ed. The Black Panther Party Reconsidered. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1998.

354. Jones, LeRoi. “The Need for a Cultural Base to Civilrites and BPower Mooments.” The Black Power Revolt; A Collection of Essays ed. Floyd B. Barbour, 119-26. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1968.

355. July, Robert W. The Origins of Modern African Thought: Its Development in West Africa During the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. London: Faber and Faber, 1968.

356. Kagombe, Maina D. “Toward Redefinition of Pan-Africanism.” Pan-African Journal [Kenya] 3, no. 4 (1970): 257-71. 357. Kahin, George McTurnan. The Asian-African Conference, Bandung, Indonesia, April 1955. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1956.

358. Karenga, Maulana. “The Black Community and the University: A Community Organizer’s Perspective.” Black Studies in the University; A Symposium eds. Armstead L. Robinson, Craig C. Foster, and Donald H. Ogilvie, 38-42. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.

359. ———. “From The Quotable Karenga.” The Black Power Revolt; A Collection of Essays ed. Floyd B. Barbour, 190-200. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1968.

360. ———. “In Love And Struggle: Toward a Greater Togetherness.” Black Scholar 6, no. 6 (March 1975): 16-28.

361. ———. The Roots of the US-Panther Conflict: The Perverse and Deadly Games Police Play. San Diego: Kawaida, 1976.

362. ———. “Which Road: Nationalism, Pan-Africanism, Socialism?” Black Scholar 6, no. 2 (Octo- ber 1974): 21-30.

363. Keating, Edward M. Free Huey! Berkeley, CA: Ramparts Press, 1971.

364. Kempton, Murray. The Briar Patch : The Trial of the Panther 21. 1973; rpt. New York: Da Capo, 1997.

365. Kennebeck, Edwin. Juror Number Four; The Trial of Thirteen Black Panthers As Seen From the Jury Box. New York: Norton, 1973.

366. Killian, Lewis M. The Impossible Revolution? Black Power and the American Dream. New York: Random House, 1968.

367. Kilson, Martin. “Anatomy of the Black Studies Movement.” Massachusetts Review 10 (May 1969): 718-26.

368. ———. “Reflections on Structure and Content in Black Studies.” Journal of Black Studies 3, no. 3 (March 1973): 297-314.

369. ———. “The Intellectual Validity of Studying Tthe Black Experience.” Black Studies in the University; A Symposium eds. Armstead L. Robinson, Craig C. Foster, and Donald H. Ogilvie, 13-16. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.

370. King, Helen. “The Black Woman and Women’s Lib.” Ebony (March 1971): 68-70, 74-76.

371. King, Mae C. “The Politics of Sexual Stereotypes.” Black Scholar 4, no. 6-7 (March-April 1973): 12-23.

372. Kinyatti, Maina. “The Role of African Students and Intellectuals in the African Revolution.” Black World 19, no. 12 (October 1970): 34-39.

373. Kofsky, Frank. “Malcolm X.” Monthly Review 18, no. 4 (September 1966): 43-55. 374. Kramer, John. “The Election of Blacks to City Councils: A 1970 Status Report and a Prolegomenon.” Journal of Black Studies 1, no. 4 (June 1971): 443-76.

375. La Guerre, John Gaffar. The Social and Political Thought of the Colonial Intelligentsia. Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1982.

376. La Rue, Linda. “The Black Movement And Women’s Liberation.” Black Scholar 1, no. 7 (May 1970): 36-42.

377. Labrie, Peter. “The New Breed.” Negro Digest 15, no. 9 (July 1966): 4-14.

378. Lacy, Leslie Alexander. “African Responses to Malcolm X.” Black Fire; An Anthology of Afro- American Writing eds. LeRoi Jones, and Larry Neal, 19-38. New York: Morrow, 1968.

379. ———. The Rise and Fall of a Proper Negro; An Autobiography. 1970; rpt. New York: Pocket Books, 1971.

380. Langley, J. Ayodele. Ideologies of Liberation in Black Africa, 1856-1970 : Documents on Mod- ern African Political Thought From Colonial Times to the Present. London: R. Collings, 1979.

381. ———. Pan-Africanism and Nationalism in West Africa, 1900-1945; A Study in Ideology and Social Classes. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.

382. Lapsansky, Emma Jones. “‘Black Power Is My Mental Health’: Accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement.” Black America ed. John F. Szwed, 3-15. New York: Basic Books, 1970.

383. Larson, Calvin J., and Richard J. Hill. “Segregation, Community Consciousness, and Black Power.” Journal of Black Studies 2, no. 3 (March 1972): 263-76.

384. Lasch, Christopher. The Agony of the American Left. New York: Knopf, 1969.

385. ———. “The Trouble With Black Power.” New York Review of Books, 29 February 1968, pp. 4- 5, 8-14.

386. Lecky, Robert S., and Elliott Wright, eds. Black Manifesto; Religion, Racism, and Reparations. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1969.

387. Lee, Chana Kai. For Freedom’s Sake: the Life of Fannie Lou Hamer. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999.

388. Lee, Martha F. The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse, NY: Syra- cuse University Press, 1996.

389. Lee, Ulysses. “The ASNLH, the Journal of Negro History, and American Scholarly Interest in Africa.” Africa From the Point of View of American Negro Scholars ed. American Society of African Culture, 401-18. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1958.

390. Lefcourt, Robert, ed. Law Against the People; Essays to Demystify Law, Order, and the Courts. New York: Random House, 1971. 391. Legum, Colin. Pan-Africanism; A Short Political Guide. London: Pall Mall Press, 1962.

392. Lemelle, Sid. Pan-Africanism for Beginners. New York; London: Writers and Readers, 1992.

393. Lemelle, Sidney J. “The Politics of Cultural Existence: Pan-Africanism, Historical Materialism and Afrocentricity.” Race & Class [Great Britain] 35, no. 1 (1993): 93-112.

394. Lemelle, Sidney J., and Robin D. G. Kelley, eds. Imagining Home: Class, Culture, and National- ism in the African Diaspora. London; New York: Verso, 1994.

395. LeMelle, Tilden J. “Race, International Relations, U.S. Foreign Policy, and the African Libera- tion Struggle.” Journal of Black Studies 3, no. 1 (September 1972): 95-109.

396. Lenin, Vladimir Il’ich. “The Right of Nations to Self-Determination.” in Collected Works, 20:393-45 445 vols. Moscow: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1960-1970.

397. Lester, Julius. Look Out, Whitey! Black Power’s Gon’ Get Your Mama! New York: Dial Press, 1968.

398. ———. Revolutionary Notes. New York: R. W. Baron, 1969.

399. Lightfoot, Claude. “Negro Nationalism and the Black Muslims.” Political Affairs 41, no. 7 (July 1962): 3-20.

400. ———. “The Right of Black America to Create a Nation.” Political Affairs 47, no. 11 (Novem- ber 1968): 1-11.

401. Lightfoot, Claude M. Black Power and Liberation: A Communist View. New York: New Outlook, 1967.

402. ———. Ghetto Rebellion to Black Liberation. New York: International Publishers, 1968.

403. Lincoln, C. Eric. “The American Muslim Mission in the Context of American Social History.” The Muslim Community in North America eds. Earle H. Waugh, Baha Abu-Laban, and Regula B. Qureshi, 215-33. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1983.

404. ——— The Black Muslims in America. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: W. B. Eerdmans; Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1994.

405. Linfield, Susie. “The Education of Kathleen Neal Cleaver.” Transition 77 (1999?): 172-95.

406. Llorens, David. “Ameer (LeRoi Jones) Baraka.” The Black Revolution; an Ebony Special Issue, 65-78. Chicago: Johnson Pub. Co., 1970.

407. Lockwood, Lee. Conversation With Eldridge Cleaver; Algiers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.

408. Logan, Rayford W. “The American Negro’s View of Africa.” Africa From the Point of View of American Negro Scholars ed. American Society of African Culture, 217-27. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1958. 409. ———. “The Historical Aspects of Pan-Africanism: A Personal Chronicle.” African Forum 1, no. 1 (Summer 1965): 90-104.

410. Lomax, Louis E. When the Word Is Given: A Report on Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X, and the Black Muslim World . Cleveland & New York: World Publishing, 1963.

411. Löwy, Michael. “Marxists and the National Question.” New Left Review 96 (March-April 1976): 81-100.

412. Lux, William R. “Black Power in the Caribbean.” Journal of Black Studies 3, no. 2 (December 1972): 207-25.

413. Luxemburg, Rosa The National Question: Selected Writings, ed. Horace B. Davis. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976.

414. Lynn, Conrad J. There Is a Fountain: The Autobiography of a Civil Rights Lawyer. Westport, CT: Lawrence Hill, 1979.

415. MacDonald, A. P., Jr. “Black Power.” Journal of Negro Education 44, no. 4 (Autumn 1975): 547- 54.

416. Madhubuti, Haki R. “The Farrakhan Factor: The Question That Will Not Go Away.” Claiming Earth: Race, Rage, Rape, Redemption: Blacks Seeking A Culture of Enlightened Empow- erment Haki R. Madhubuti, 71-98. Chicago: Third World Press, 1994.

417. Magida, Arthur J. Prophet of Rage: A Life of Louis Farrakhan and His Nation. New York: Basic, 1996.

418. Major, Reginald. A Panther Is a Black Cat. New York: W. Morrow, 1971.

419. Malson, Robert A. “The Black Power Rebellion at Howard University.” Negro Digest 17, no. 2 (December 1967): 20-30.

420. Mamiya, Lawrence H. “From Black Muslim to Bilalian: The Evolution of a Movement.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 21, no. 2 (1982): 138-52.

421. ———. “Minister Louis Farrakhan and the Final Call: Schism in the Muslim Movement.” The Muslim Community in North America ed. Earle H. Waugh, Baha Abu-Laban, and Regula B. Qureshi, 234-55. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1983.

422. Mansour, Khalid Abullah Tariq Al. Black Americans at the Crossroads—Where Do We Go From Here? San Francisco: The First African Arabian Press, 1981.

423. Mao Tse-Tung. On the Corrrect Handling of Contradictions Among the People. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1960.

424. ———. Statement by Comrade Mao Tse-Tung, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in Support of the Afro-American Struggle Against Violent Oppression. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1968. 425. Mapp, Edward. “Black Women In Films.” Black Scholar 4, no. 6-7 (March-April 1973): 42-46.

426. Marable, Manning, and Leith Mullings, eds. Let Nobody Turn Us Around: Voices of Resistance, Reform, and Renewal. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.

427. Marine, Gene. The Black Panthers. New York: New American Library, 1969.

428. Martin, Tony. “George Padmore As the Prototype of the Black Historian in the Age of Mili- tancy.” Pan-African Journal [Kenya] 4, no. 2 (1971): 158-67.

429. Matthews, Tracye Ann. “‘No One Ever Asks What A Man’s Place in the Revolution Is’: Gender and Sexual Politics in the Black Panther Party, 1966-1971.” Ph.D. Diss., University of Michigan, 1998.

430. Matusow, Allen J. “From Civil Rights to Black Power: The Case of SNCC, 1960-1966.” Twenti- eth-Century America: Recent Interpretations 2d ed., ed. Barton J. Bernstein, and Allen J. Matusow, 494-520. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972.

431. Mays, Benjamin E. “Does Integration Doom Negro Colleges?” Negro Digest 11, no. 7 (May 1962): 3-6.

432. Mboukou, Alexandre. “The Pan African Movement, 1900-1945: A Study in Leadership Conflicts Among the Disciples of Pan Africanism.” Journal of Black Studies 13, no. 3 (March 1983): 275-88.

433. Mboya, Tom. “The American Negro Cannot Look to Africa for an Escape.” New York Times Magazine (July 13, 1969): 30ƒƒ.

434. ———. “Rebuttal.” The Black Revolution; an Ebony Special Issue, 99-106. Chicago: Johnson Pub. Co., 1970.

435. McCartney, John T. Black Power Ideologies: An Essay in African-American Political Thought. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992.

436. McCormack, Donald J. “Stokeley Carmichael and Pan-Africanism: Back to Black Power.” Journal of Politics 35, no. 2 (1973): 386-409.

437. McEvoy, James, and Abraham Miller, eds. Black Power and Student Rebellion. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1969.

438. McKissick, Floyd B. “The Way to a Black Ideology.” Black Scholar 1, no. 2 (December 1969): 14-17.

439. McWorter, Gerald, Doug Gillis, and Ron Bailey. “Black Power Politics As Social Movement: Dialectics of Leadership in the Campaign to Elect Harold Washington Mayor of Chi- cago.” Exploitation and Exclusion: Race and Class in Contemporary U.S. Society eds. Abebe Zegeye, Leonard Harris, and Julia MaxtedLondon; New York: Hans Zell Pub, 1991. 440. McWorter, Gerald A. “Deck the Ivy Racist Halls: The Case of Black Studies.” Black Studies in the University; A Symposium eds. Armstead L. Robinson, Craig C. Foster, and Donald H. Ogilvie, 57-77. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.

441. ———. “The Nature and Needs of the Black University.” Negro Digest 17, no. 5 (March 1968): 4-13.

442. ———. “Struggle, Ideology and the Black University.” Negro Digest 18, no. 5 (March 1969): 15-21, 89-90.

443. Meeth, L. Richard. “The Transition of the Predominantly Negro College.” Journal of Negro Education 35, no. 4 (Autumn 1966): 494-505.

444. Meier, August, and Elliott Rudwick. “The Origins of Nonviolent Direct Action in Afro-American Protest: A Note on Historical Discontinuities.” Along the Color Line: Explorations in the Black Experience, 307-404. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976.

445. Meier, August, and Elliott M. Rudwick. CORE; a Study in the Civil Rights Movement, 1942- 1968. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973.

446. Middleton, William J. “Pan-Africanism: An Historical Analysis and Critique.” Black Scholar 1, no. 3-4 (January-February 1970): 58-64.

447. Mills, Kay. This Little Light of Mine: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer. New York: Dutton, 1993.

448. Mithun, Jacqueline S. “Black Power and Community Change: An Assessment.” Journal of Black Studies 7, no. 3 (March 1977): 263-80.

449. Mkalimoto, Ernie. “Revolutionary Black Culture: The Cultural Arm of Revolutionary National- ism.” Negro Digest 19, no. 2 (December 1969): 11-17.

450. Mnguni, Herbert Mbukeni. “African Intellectuals and the Development of African Political Thought in the Twetieth Century.” Présence Africaine 3 (1987): 113-21.

451. Moikobu, Josephine Moraa. Blood and Flesh: Black American and African Identifications. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981.

452. Monteiro, Anthony. “The Sixth Pan-African Congress: Agenda for Afro-American Solidarity.” A Freedomways Reader: Afro-America in the Seventies ed. Ernest Kaiser, 396-405. New York: International Publishers, 1977.

453. Moore, Barrington, Jr. Injustice: The Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt. White Plains, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1978.

454. Moore, Gilbert. Rage. 1971; rpt. New York: Carroll & Graf, 1993.

455. Moore, Richard B. “Africa Conscious Harlem.” Freedomways 3 (1963): 315-34.

456. ———. “Africa Conscious Harlem [1963].” Harlem, A Community in Transition 3rd ed., ed. John Henrik Clarke, 77-96. New York: Citadel Press, 1964. 457. ———. “Du Bois and Pan-Africa.” Freedomways 5 (Winter 1965): 166-87.

458. Muhammad, Elijah. The Fall of America. Chicago: Muhammad’s Temple No. 2, 1973.

459. ———. Message to the Blackman in America. Chicago: Muhammad’s Temple No. 2, 1965.

460. ———. Our Saviour Has Arrived. Chicago: Muhammad’s Temple No. 2, 1974.

461. ———. The Theology of Time. Hampton, VA: U.B. & U.S. Communications Systems, 1992.

462. Mumininas of Committee for Unified NewArk. Mwanamke Mwananchi (The Nationalist Woman). Newark, NJ: Jihad Productions, 1971.

463. Murraisse, David Jeffrey. “Revolutionary Enough: Black Power and State Repression; New York, United States of America and Kingston, Jamaica, 1964-1976.” Ph.D. Diss., North- western University, 1996.

464. Murray, Paul T. “Blacks and the Draft: A History of Institutional Racism.” Journal of Black Studies 2, no. 1 (September 1971): 57-76.

465. Murray, Pauli. “The Liberation of Black Women.” Voices of the New Feminism ed. Mary Lou Thompson, 87-102. Boston: Beacon Press, 1970.

466. Neal, Larry. “The Black Contribution to American Letters, Part II: The Writer As Activist (1960 and After).” The Black American Reference Book ed. Mabel M. Smythe, 767-90. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1976.

467. ———. “Black Power in the International Context.” Visions of a Liberated Future: Black Arts Movement Writings ed. Michael Schwartz, 133-43. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1989.

468. ———. “New Space/The Growth of Black Consciousness in the Sixties.” The Black Seventies ed. Floyd B. Barbour, 9-31. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1970.

469. Neal, Lawrence P. “Black Power in the International Context.” The Black Power Revolt; A Collection of Essays ed. Floyd B. Barbour, 136-46. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1968.

470. Nelson, Charmeynne D. “Myths About Black Women Workers in Modern America.” Black Scholar 6, no. 6 (March 1975): 11-15.

471. Nelson, Truman. “Negroes With Guns.” The Right of Revolution, 77-99. Boston: Beacon Press, 1968.

472. Nelson, Wiliam Stuart. “Can Negro Colleges Meet the Challenge of the Modern World?” Negro Digest 12, no. 8 (June 1963): 3-8.

473. Neuberger, Benjamin. “Racial Nationalism in Black Africa.” Wiener Library Bulletin [Great Britain] 28, no. 35-36 (1975): 50-56.

474. Newman, Richard. Black Power and Black Religion: Essays and Reviews. West Cornwall, CT: Locust Hill Press, 1987. 475. Newton, Huey P. The Genius of Huey P. Newton. San Francisco: Ministry of Information, Black Panther Party, 1970.

476. ———. Revolutionary Suicide. New York: Ballantine Books, 1974.

477. ———. To Die for the People; The Writings of Huey P. Newton. New York: Random House, 1972.

478. ———. War Against the Panthers: A Study of Repression in America. New York and London: Harlem River Press, 1996.

479. Newton, Michael. Bitter Grain: Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party. Los Angeles: Holloway House, 1991.

480. Ngozi-Brown, Scot. “The Us Organization, Maulana Karenga, and Conflict With the Black Panther Party: A Critique of Sectarian Influences on Historical Discourse.” Journal of Black Studies 28, no. 2 (November 1997): 157-70.

481. North, Robert Carver, and Xenia Joukoff Eudin. M. N. Roy’s Mission to China. Berkeley: Uni- versity of California Press, 1963.

482. Nower, Joyce. “Cleaver’s Vision of America and the New White Radical: A Legacy of Malcolm X.” Negro American Literature Forum 4, no. 1 (March 1970): 12-21.

483. Nwafor, Azinna. “Liberation and Pan-Africanism.” Monthly Review 25, no. 6 (1973): 12-28.

484. O’Dell, J. H. “Colonialism and the Negro American Experience.” Freedomways 6, no. 4 (Fall 1966): 296-308.

485. ———. “A Special Variety of Colonialism.” Freedomways 7, no. 1 (Winter 1967): 7-15.

486. ———. “The Threshold of a New Reconstruction.” Freedomways 5, no. 4 (Fall 1965): 495-508.

487. Obichere, Boniface. “African History and Western Civilization.” Black Studies in the University; A Symposium eds. Armstead L. Robinson, Craig C. Foster, and Donald H. Ogilvie, 86-99. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.

488. Ofari, Earl. “The Emergence of Black National Consciousness in America.” Black World (Febru- ary 1971): 75-86.

489. ———. “Marxism-Leninism: The Key to Black Liberation.” Black Scholar 4, no. 1 (September 1972): 35-46.

490. ———. “Marxism, Nationalism, and Black Liberation.” Monthly Review 22, no. 10 (March 1971): 18-33.

491. ———. “W. E. B. Du Bois and Black Power.” Black World 19, no. 10 (August 1970): 26-28.

492. Ogbar, Jeffrey Ogbanna Green. “From the Bottom Up: Popular Black Reaction to the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party, 1955-1975.” Ph.D. Diss., Indiana University, 1997. 493. Olsen, Jack. Last Man Standing: The Tragedy and Triumph of Geronimo Pratt. New York: Doubleday, 2000.

494. Onwuachi, P. Chike. “Africanism: Ideological Perspectives.” Pan-African Journal [Kenya] 4, no. 3 (1971): 249-54.

495. Oyedeji, Olalekan. “The Intellectual Origins of Pan-Africanism and Black Studies As a Crucial Step Towards Its Realization.” Pan-African Journal [Kenya] 7, no. 1 (1974): 29-38.

496. Padmore, George. Pan-Africanism or Communism? The Coming Struggle for Africa. London: D. Dobson, 1956.

497. Pan-African Conference From Third World to One World: The Pan-African Perspective, eds. François N. Muyumba, and Esther Atcherson. Terre Haute, IN: Center for Afro-American Studies, Indiana State University, 1988.

498. Pan African Congress, 6th Dar es Salaam 1974. Resolutions and Selected Speeches From the Sixth Pan African Congress. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Pub. House, 1976.

499. Panford, Kwamina. “Pan-Africanism, Africans in the Diaspora and the OAU.” Western Journal of Black Studies 20, no. 3 (1996): 140-150.

500. Parks, Carole A. “African Liberation Day—May 26, 1973: ‘Africa Is at War’.” Black World 22, no. 7 (May 1973): 78-79.

501. Patterson, William. “The Black Panther Party.” Political Affairs 48, no. 11 (November 1969): 7- 14.

502. Pearson, Hugh. The Shadow of the Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1994.

503. Pennington-Jones, Paulette. “From Brother LeRoi Jones Through The System of Dante’s Hell To Imamu Ameer Baraka.” Journal of Black Studies 4, no. 2 (December 1973): 195-214.

504. Perkins, W. E., and J. E. Higginson. “Black Students: Reformists or Revolutionaries?” The New American Revolution eds. Roderick Aya, and Norman Miller, 195-222. New York: Free Press, 1971.

505. Pinderhughes, Dianne. “A Retrospective Examination: The Failure of Black Power.” Journal of Afro-American Issues 5 (Summer 1977): pages?

506. Pitts, James P. “The Politicalization of Black Students: Northwestern University.” Journal of Black Studies 5, no. 3 (March 1975): 277-319.

507. Platt, Anthony M., ed. The Politics of Riot Commissions, 1917-1970; A Collection of Official Reports and Critical Essays. New York: Macmillan, 1971.

508. Plummer, Brenda Gayle. Rising Wind: Black Americans and U.S. Foreign Affairs, 1935-1960. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996. 509. Pollock, Art. “‘My Life’s Philosophy‘: Adam Clayton Powell’s ‘Black Position Paper’.” Journal of Black Studies 4, no. 4 (June 1974): 457-62.

510. Porter, Dorothy B. “A Bibliographical Checklist of American Negro Writers About Africa.” Africa From the Point of View of American Negro Scholars ed. American Society of African Culture, 379-99. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1958.

511. Porter, James A. “The American Negro Artist Looks at Africa.” Pan-Africanism Reconsidered ed. American Society of African Culture, 293-96. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.

512. ———. “The Trans-Cultural Affinities of African Art.” Africa From the Point of View of Ameri- can Negro Scholars ed. American Society of African Culture, 119-30. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1958.

513. Pratt, Geronimo ji-jaga, and Mumia Abu-Jamal Heike Kleffner, interviewer. “The Black Pan- thers: Interviews With Geronimo Ji-Jaga Pratt and Mumia Abu-Jamal.” Race & Class 35, no. 1 (1993): 9-26.

514. Provizer, Norman W. “Themes, Images and Modes: A Note on Pan-Africanism.” Southern Quarterly 16, no. 1 (1977): 59-66.

515. Rabemananjara, Jacques. “The Foundations of Our Unity Arising From the Colonial Epoch.” Présence Africaine 24-25 (February-May 1959): 73-88.

516. Rafky, David M. “Student Militance: A Dilemma for Black Faculty.” Journal of Black Studies 3, no. 2 (December 1972): 183-206.

517. Ralston, Richard D. “The Role of the Black University in the Black Revolution.” Journal of Black Studies 3, no. 3 (March 1973): 267-86.

518. RAM. Black Guard Organizing Manual. n.p.: Revolutionary Action Movement, n.d.

519. Rawick, George P. “The Historical Roots of Black Liberation.” Radical America 2, no. 4 (July- August 1968): 1-13.

520. Reed, Adolph L., Jr. “Pan-Africanism: Ideology for Liberation?” Black Scholar 3, no. 1 (Septem- ber 1971): 2-13.

521. ———, ed. Race, Politics, and Culture: Critical Essays on the Radicalism of the 1960’s. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986.

522. Reid, Inez Smith. “Together” Black Women. New York: Emerson Hall Publishers, 1972.

523. Relyea, Harold C. “‘Black Power’: The Genesis and Future of a Revolution.” Journal of Human Relations 16, no. 4 (1968): 502-13.

524. Rice, Jon Frank. “Black Radicalism on Chicago’s West Side: A History of the Illinois Black Panther Party.” Ph.D. Diss., Northern Illinois University, 1998. 525. Richards, David. Played Out: The Jean Seberg Story. New York: Random House, 1981.

526. Robinson, Jo Ann Gibson The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: The Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson, ed. David J. Garrow. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1987.

527. Robinson, Patricia. “Poor Black Women [1968].” The Sixties Papers: Documents of a Rebellious Decade eds. Judith Clavir Albert, and Stewart Edward Albert, 481-83. New York: Praeger, 1984.

528. Rodgers, Evelyn. “Is EBONY Killing Black Women?” Liberator 6, no. 3 (March 1966): 12-13.

529. Rodney, Walter. The Groundings With My Brothers. London: Bogle-L’Ouverture Publications, 1975.

530. Rogers, Ray. “Black Guns on Campus.” Nation 208 (May 5, 1969): 558-60.

531. Romero, Patricia W. “W. E. B. Du Bois, Pan-Africanists, and Africa 1963-1973.” Journal of Black Studies 6, no. 4 (June 1976): 321-36.

532. Rosenthal, Joel. “Southern Black Student Activism: Assimilation Vs. Nationalism.” Journal of Negro Education 44, no. 2 (Spring 1975): 113-29.

533. Roth, Benita. “Race, Class and the Emergence of Black Feminism in the 1960s.” Womanist Theory and Research 2, no. 1 (Fall 1999): 3-9.

534. Rout, Kathleen. Eldridge Cleaver. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1991.

535. Rudwick, Elliott, and August Meier. “Black Violence in the Twentieth Century: A Study in Rhetoric and Retaliation.” Along the Color Line: Explorations in the Black Experience, 224-37. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976.

536. Sahib, Hatim A. “The Nation of Islam.” Contributions in Black Studies 13-14 (1995-1996): 48- 160.

537. Salaam, Kalamu ya. “Tell No Lies, Claim No Easy Victories.” Black World 23, no. 12 (October 1974): 18-34.

538. Sales, William W., Jr. From Civil Rights to Black Liberation: Malcolm X and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Boston: South End Press, 1994.

539. Schaich, Warren L., and Diane S. Hope. “The Prison Letters of Martin Sostre: Documents of Resistance.” Journal of Black Studies 7, no. 3 (March 1977): 281-300.

540. Schexnider, Alvin J. “The Development of Racial Solidarity in the Armed Forces.” Journal of Black Studies 5, no. 4 (June 1975): 415-35.

541. Scott, Joseph. “The Black Bourgeoisie and Black Power.” Black Scholar 4, no. 4 (January 1973): 12-18. 542. Seale, Bobby. Barbeque’n With Bobby. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press, 1988.

543. ———. A Lonely Rage: The Autobiography of Bobby Seale. New York: Times Books, 1978.

544. ———. “Revolutionary Action on Campus and Community.” Black Scholar 1, no. 2 (December 1969): 4-7.

545. ———. Seize the Time; The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton. New York: Random House, 1970.

546. Sears, David O. “Black Attitudes Toward the Political System in the Aftermath of the Watts Insurrection.” Midwest Journal of Political Science 13, no. 4 (November 1969): 515-44.

547. Self, Robert. “‘To Plan Our Liberation’: Black Power and the Politics of Place in Oakland, California, 1965-1977.” Journal of Urban History 26, no. 6 (September 2000): 759-92.

548. Semmes, Clovis E. Roots of Afrocentric Thought: A Reference Guide to Negro Digest/Black World, 1961-1976. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998.

549. Senghor, Leopold Sedar. “The Function and Meaning of the First World Festival of Negro Arts.” African Forum 1, no. 4 (Spring 1966): 5-10.

550. Senghor, Léopold Sédar. “The Defense and Illustration of Negritude.” Negro Digest 15, no. 11 (September 1966): 4-9.

551. Seniors, Clarence. “Free Mae Mallory!” Revolution 1, no. 7 (November 1963): 80-83.

552. Shack, William A. “Ethiopia and Afro-Americans: Some Historical Notes, 1920-1970.” Phylon 35, no. 2 (June 1974): 142-55.

553. Shain, Yossi. “Ethnic Diasporas and U.S. Foreign Policy.” Political Science Quarterly 109, no. 5 (Winter 1994 - Winter 1995): 811-41.

554. Shakur, Assata. Assata: An Autobiography. Westport, CT: L. Hill, 1987.

555. Sheehy, Gail. Panthermania: The Clash of Black Against Black in One American City. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.

556. Shepherd, George W., and Tilden J. Le Melle, eds. Race Among Nations: A Conceptual Ap- proach. Lexington, MA: Heath Lexington Books, 1970.

557. Shepherd, George W., Jr., ed. Racial Influences on American Foreign Policy. New York: Basic Books, 1970.

558. ———. “The Study of Race in American Foreign Policy and International Relations.” Studies in Race and Nations 1 (1969-1970).

559. Shepperson, George. “The African Abroad or the African Diaspora.” Emerging Themes of Afri- can History; Proceedings ed. T. O. Ranger, 152-76. Nairobi: East Africa Pub. House, 1968. 560. ———. “The American Negro and Africa.” British Association for American Studies Bulletin 8 (1964): 3-20.

561. ———. “Notes on Negro American Influences on the Emergence of African Nationalism.” Journal of African History 1, no. 2 (1960): 299-312.

562. ———. “‘Pan-Africanism’ and ‘Pan-Africanism’: Some Historical Notes.” Phylon 23, no. 4 (Winter 1962): 346-58.

563. Shepperson, George, and St. Clair Drake. “The Fifth Pan-African Conference, 1945 and the All African People’s Congress, 1958.” Contributions in Black Studies 8 (1986-87): 35-66.

564. Sinden, Peter G. “Anti-Semitism and the Black Power Movement.” Ethnicity 7 (1980): 34-46.

565. Singh, Nikhil Pal. “The Black Panthers and the ‘Underdeveloped Country’ of the Left.” The Black Panther Party Reconsidered ed. Charles E. Jones, 57-105. Baltimore: Black Clas- sic Press, 1998.

566. Singham, A. W., and Shirley Hune. Non-Alignment in an Age of Alignments. Westport, CT: Lawrence Hill; London: Zed Books, 1986.

567. Sizemore, Barbara A. “Sexism And The Black Male.” Black Scholar 4, no. 6-7 (March-April 1973): 2-11.

568. Slote, William, ed. Power to The People: New Left Writings. New York: Tower Publications, 1970.

569. Smith, Arthur L. [Molefi K. Asante]. Rhetoric of Black Revolution. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1969.

570. Smith, Barbara. “Notes for Yet Another Paper on Black Feminism, or Will the Real Enemy Please Stand Up?” Conditions: Five (1979): 123-27.

571. Smith, Jean. “I Learned to Feel Black.” The Black Power Revolt; A Collection of Essays ed. Floyd B. Barbour, 207-18. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1968.

572. Smith, Jeremy. The Bolsheviks and the National Question, 1917-23. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999.

573. Smith, Robert C. “Black Power and the Transformation From Protest to Policies.” Political Science Quarterly 96, no. 3 (Autumn 1981): 431-43.

574. Smith, William D. “Black Studies: A Survey of Models and Curricula.” Journal of Black Studies 1, no. 3 (March 1971): 259-72.

575. Snellings, Rolland. “Afro-American Youth and the Bandung World.” Liberator 5, no. 2 (Febru- ary 1965): [4].

576. Solomon, Irvin. “Feminism and Black Activism in Recent America.” Ph.D. Diss., University of Akron, 1984. 577. Stalin, Joseph. Marxism and the National and Colonial Question. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1942.

578. Stanford, Maxwell C. “Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM): A Case Study of an Urban Revolutionary Movement in Western Capitalist Society.” Master’s thesis, Atlanta Univer- sity, 86.

579. Steady, Filomina Chioma, ed. The Black Woman Cross-Culturally. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Pub. Co., 1981.

580. Stephens, Ernest. “The Black University in America Today.” Freedomways (Spring 1967): 131- 37.

581. Stern, Sol. “America’s Black Guerillas.” Ramparts 6, no. 2 (September 1967): 24-27.

582. Stone, Chuck. “The National Conference on Black Power.” The Black Power Revolt; A Collec- tion of Essays ed. Floyd B. Barbour, 189-98. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1968.

583. ———. “The White Foundation’s Role in Black Oppression.” Black Scholar 3, no. 3 (November 1971): 29-31.

584. Stoper, Emily. “The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: Rise and Fall of a Redemptive Organization.” Journal of Black Studies 8, no. 1 (September 1977): 13-34.

585. Strain, Christopher Barry. “Civil Rights and Self-Defense: The Fiction of Nonviolence, 1955- 1968.” Ph.D. Diss., University of California, Berkeley, 2000.

586. Strickland, William, and Cheryll Y. Greene. Malcolm X, Make It Plain. New York: Viking, 1994.

587. Strout, Cushing, and David I. Grossvogel, eds. Divided We Stand; Reflections on the Crisis at Cornell. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1970.

588. Stuckey, Sterling. “Countours of Black Studies: The Dimension of African and Afro-American Relationships.” Massachusetts Review 10 (May 1969): 747-56.

589. Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. “Position Paper: The Indivisible Struggle Against Racism, Apartheid and Colonialism.” International Seminar on Apartheid, Racial Dis- crimination and Colonialism in Southern Africa; Lusaka, Republic of Zambia, July- August, 1967.

590. ———. “SNCC Position Paper: Vietnam [1966].” The Sixties Papers: Documents of a Rebel- lious Decade eds. Judith Clavir Albert, and Stewart Edward Albert, 117-18. New York: Praeger, 1984.

591. ———. “SNCC Position Paper: Women in the Movement.” The Sixties Papers: Documents of a Rebellious Decade eds. Judith Clavir Albert, and Stewart Edward Albert, 114-16. New York: Praeger, 1984.

592. ———. “SNCC Speaks for Itself.” The Sixties Papers: Documents of a Rebellious Decade eds. Judith Clavir Albert, and Stewart Edward Albert, 119-25. New York: Praeger, 1984. 593. ———. Vietnam. n.p.: n.d.

594. Szporluk, Roman. “Nationalities and the Russian Problem in the U.S.S.R.: An Historical Out- line.” Journal of International Affairs 27, no. 1 (1973): 22-40.

595. Tabb, William K. “Marxian Exploitation and Domestic Colonialism: A Reply to Donald J. Harris.” Review of Black Political Economy 4, no. 4 (Summer 1974): 69-87.

596. ———. The Political Economy of the Black Ghetto. New York: Norton, 1970.

597. Tate, Sonsyrea. Little X: Growing Up in the Nation of Islam. New York: HarperCollins, 1997.

598. Taylor, Orlando L. “New Directions for American Education: A Black Perspective.” Journal of Black Studies 1, no. 1 (September 1970): 101-11.

599. Teich, Mikulas, and Roy Porter, eds. The National Question in Europe in Historical Context. Cambridge [England]; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

600. Telli, Diallo. “The Organization of African Unity in Historical Perspective.” African Forum 1, no. 2 (1965): 7-28.

601. The Damned. Lessons From the Damned; Class Struggle in the Black Community. Washington, NJ: Times Change Press, 1973.

602. Thelwell, Ekwueme Michael, and Jules Chametzky (interviewer). “Stokely Carmichael to Kwame Ture (1941-1998): ‘Infinitely Political, Infinitely Human’.” Massachusetts Review 40, no. 3 (1999): 325-41.

603. Thelwell, Michael. “Black Studies: A Political Perspective.” Massachusetts Review 10 (May 1969): 701-12.

604. Thomas, Bert J. “Caribbean Black Power: From Slogan to Practical Politics.” Journal of Black Studies 22, no. 3 (March 1992): 392-410.

605. Thomas, Tony. “Black Nationalism and Confused Marxists.” Black Scholar 4, no. 1 (September 1972): 47-52.

606. ———. “Pan-Africanism and Black Liberation Today.” International Socialist Review 32, no. 9 (1971): 27-31.

607. Thompson, Vincent Bakpetu. Africa and Unity: The Evolution of Pan-Africanism. New York: Humanities Press, 1970.

608. Thorne, Richard. “Integration or Black Nationalism?” Negro Digest 12, no. 10 (August 1963): 36-47.

609. Tidwell, Alan C. “Interdependence, Ethnicity and Anti-Apartheid: The Case of TransAfrica.” Ph.D. Diss., University of Kent, Canterbury [Great Britain], 1989.

610. Touré, Sékou. “The Political Leader Considered As the Representative of a Culture.” Présence Africaine 24-25 (February-May 1959): 112-24. 611. Travis, Dempsey J. “Barriers to Black Power in the American Economy.” Black Scholar 3, no. 2 (October 1971): 21-25.

612. Tsomondo, Micah S. “From Pan-Africanism to Socialism: The Modernization of an African Liberation Ideology.” Issue 5, no. 4 (1975): 39-46.

613. Tucker, Sterling. “Black Strategies for Change in America.” Journal of Negro Education 49, no. 3 (Summer 1971): 297-311.

614. Tunteng, P. Kiven. “George Padmore’s Impact on Africa: A Critical Appraisal.” Phylon 35, no. 1 (1974): 33-44.

615. Turner, Lorenzo D. “African Survivals in the New World With Special Emphasis on the Arts.” Africa From the Point of View of American Negro Scholars ed. American Society of African Culture, 101-16. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1958.

616. Turner, Richard Brent. Islam in the African-American Experience. Bloomington: Indiana Univer- sity Press, 1997.

617. Tyler, Bruce Michael. “Black Radicalism in Southern California, 1950-1982.” Ph.D. Diss., University of California at Los Angeles, 1983.

618. Tyler, Lawrence L. “The Protestant Ethic Among the Black Muslims.” Phylon 27 (1st Quarter 1966): 5-14.

619. Tyson, Timothy B. Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

620. ———. “Robert F. Williams: ‘Black Power,’ and the Roots of the African American Freedom Struggle.” Journal of American History 85, no. 2 (September 1998): 540-70.

621. Umoja, Akinyele Kambon. “Eye for an Eye: The Role of Armed Resistance in the Mississippi Freedom Movement.” Ph.D. Diss., Emory University, 1996.

622. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security. The Black Panther Party: Its Origin and Development As Reflected in Its Official Weekly Newspaper The Black Pan- ther, Black Community News Service: Staff Study. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Office, 1970.

623. United States. District Court (Illinois: Northern District: Eastern Division). Report of the January 1970 Grand Jury. [Chicago]: U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division; Washington, DC: Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1970.

624. United States Senate. Hearings Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, Ninety-First Congress, First Session, Pursuant to Senate Resolution 26, 91st Congress, June 18, 24, and 25, 1969, Part 19. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969. 625. ———. Hearings Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, Ninety-First Congress, First Session, Pursuant to Senate Resolution 26, 91st Congress, June 26 and 30, 1969, Part 20. Wash- ington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969.

626. ———. Hearings Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session, Pursuant to Senate Resolution 216, 90th Congress, March 21 and 22, 1968, Part 6. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968.

627. ———. Hearings Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session, Pursuant to Senate Resolution 216, 90th Congress, June 24, 25, and 26, 1968, Part 10. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968.

628. ———. Hearings Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session, Pursuant to Senate Resolution 216, 90th Congress, September 5; October 10 and 11, 1968, Part 13. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968.

629. ———. Hearings Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress, First Session, Pursu- ant to Senate Resolution 53, As Amended (S. Res. 150), 90th Congress, November 1, 2, 3 and 6, 1967, Part 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967.

630. Uya, Okon Edet. Black Brotherhood: Afro-Americans and Africa. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath, 1971.

631. Van Deburg, William L., ed. Modern Black Nationalism: From Marcus Garvey to Louis Farrakhan. New York: New York University Press, 1997.

632. ———. New Day in Babylon: The Black Power Movement and American Culture, 1965-1975. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

633. Van Lierop, Robert F. “A Statement on Pan-Africanism.” Black World 19, no. 10 (August 1970): 32-36.

634. Van Peebles, Mario, Ula Y. Taylor, J. Tarika Lewis, and Melvin Van Peebles. Panther: The Pictorial History of the Black Panthers and the Story Behind the Film. New York: Newmarket Press, 1995.

635. Von Eschen, Penny M. Race Against Empire: Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937-1957. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997.

636. Wallace, Michele. Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman. New York: Dial Press, 1979.

637. Walters, Ronald, and Robert Smith. “The Black Education Strategy in the 1970s.” Journal of Negro Education 48, no. 2 (Spring 1979): 156-70. 638. Ward, Francis, and Val Gray Ward. “The Black Artist: His Role in the Struggle.” Black Scholar 2, no. 5 (January 1971): 23-34.

639. Warden, Donald. “The Black Negro.” Root and Branch (Winter 1962): 7-20.

640. ———. “The California Revolt.” Liberator 3, no. 3 (March 1963): 14-15.

641. Warren, Nagueyalti. “Pan-African Cultural Movements: From Baraka to Karenga.” Journal of Negro History 75, no. 1/2 (Winter-Spring 1990): 16-28.

642. Watts, Jerry Gafio. Amiri Baraka: The Politics and Art of a Black Intellectual. New York: New York University Press, 2001.

643. Weathers, Ellen. “An Argument for Black Women’s Liberation As a Revolutionary Force.” Voices From Women’s Liberation ed. Leslie B. Tanner, 303-6. New York: New American Library, 1970.

644. Weber, Shirley N. “Black Power in the 1960s: A Study of Its Impact on Women’s Liberation.” Journal of Black Studies 11, no. 4 (June 1981): 483-97.

645. Weil, Michael. “Can the Blacks Do for Africa What the Jews Did for Israel?” Foreign Policy 15 (Summer 1974): 109-22.

646. Weisbord, Robert G. “Africa, Africans, and the Afro-American: Images and Identities in Transi- tion.” Race 10 (January 1969): 305-21.

647. ———. Ebony Kinship; Africa, Africans, and the Afro-American. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1973.

648. West, Cynthia S’thembile. “Nation Builders: Female Activism in the Nation of Islam, 1960- 1970.” Ph.D. Diss., Temple University, 1994.

649. ———. “Revisiting Female Activism in the 1960s: The Newark Branch Nation of Islam.” Black Scholar 26, no. 3-4 (Fall-Winter 1996): 41-48.

650. White, Monica Marie. “Panther Stories: A Gendered Analysis of the Autobiographies of Former Black Panthers.” Ph.D. Diss., Western Michigan University, 1998.

651. White, Vibert L., Jr. Inside the Nation of Islam: A Historical and Personal Testimony of a Black Muslim. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001.

652. Wilcox, Preston. “Black Studies As an Academic Discipline.” Negro Digest 19, no. 5 (March 1970): 75-67.

653. ———. “On the Black University.” Negro Digest 19, no. 2 (December 1969): 19-26.

654. Wilkerson, Doxey A. “The Negro School Movement in Virginia: From ‘Equalization‘ to ‘Inte- gration’.” Journal of Negro Education 29, no. 1 (Winter 1960): 17-29. 655. Wilkins, Roy. “The Case Against Separatism: ‘Black Jim Crow’.” Black Power and Student Rebellion eds. James McEvoy, and Abraham Miller, 235-37. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1969.

656. Williams, Michael W. Pan-Africanism: An Annotated Bibliography. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 1992.

657. Williams, Robert F. “Robert Williams Speaks From Peking.” Revolution 1, no. 7 (November 1963): 84-87.

658. ———. “U.S.A.: Revolution Without Violence?” Revolution 1, no. 11 (March 1964): 109-15.

659. Williams, Yohuru. Black Politics/White Power: Civil Rights, Black Power, and the Black Pan- thers in New Haven. Brandywine Press, 2000.

660. Wilson, William J. “The Quest for Meaningful Black Experience on White Campuses.” Massa- chusetts Review 10 (May 1969): 737-46.

661. Winston, Henry. A Marxist-Leninist Critique of Roy Innis on Community Self-Determination and Martin Kilson on Education. New York: New Outlook Publishers, 1973.

662. ———. Strategy for a Black Agenda; A Critique of New Theories of Liberation in the United States and Africa. New York: International Publishers, 1973.

663. Winston, Michael R. “Black Power, White Power, and the Negro Intellectual.” Journal of Negro Education 38, no. 2 (Spring 1969): 162-64.

664. Wolfe, Tom. Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1970.

665. Woodard, Komozi. A Nation Within a Nation: Imamu Amiri Baraka (Leroi Jones), the Dynamics of Cultural Nationalism, and the Politics of Black Power, 1966-1976. Chapel Hill: Uni- versity of North Carolina Press, 1999.

666. Woodford, John. “Testing America’s Promise of Free Speech: Muhammad Speaks in the 1960s, A Memoir.” Voices of the African Diaspora 7 (Fall 1991): 3-16.

667. Woronoff, Jon. “The New Pan-Africanism.” Crisis 79, no. 4 (1972): 127-29.

668. Worthy, William. “The Red Chinese American Negro.” Esquire (October 1964): 132 ff.

669. Wright, Nathan. “Black Power Vs. Black Genocide.” Black Scholar 1, no. 2 (December 1969): 47-52.

670. Wright, Richard. The Color Curtain; A Report on the Bandung Conference. Cleveland: World Pub. Co., 1956.

671. X, Malcolm. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. With the Assistance of Alex Haley. New York: Grove Press, 1965. 672. ——— By Any Means Necessary. 2d ed. New York: Pathfinder, 1992.

673. ——— The End of White World Supremacy; Four Speeches, ed. Benjamin Goodman. New York: Merlin House, 1971.

674. ——— The Speeches of Malcolm X at Harvard, ed. Archie Epps. New York: W. Morrow, 1968.

675. Zangrando, Joanna Schneider, and Robert L. Zangrando. “Black Protest: A Rejection of the American Dream.” Journal of Black Studies 1, no. 2 (December 1970): 141-59.

676. Zangrando, Robert L. “From Civil Rights to Black Liberation: The Unsettled 1960s.” Current History 57 (November 1969): 281-86, 299.

677. Zimroth, Peter L. Perversions of Justice; The Prosecution and Acquittal of the Panther 21. New York: Viking Press, 1974.

678. Zinn, Howard. SNCC, the New Abolitionists. Boston: Beacon Press, 1964.