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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Artx)r, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI' RELATIONSHIPS AMONG AQUATIC INSECTS, HYDROPERIODS, AND WETLAND FUNCTIONAL PLANT GROUPS IN CENTRAL OHIO DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Michael J. Bailey, MS. ***** The Ohio State University 2001 Dissertation Committee: Approved by D. L. Denlinger D. J. Horn, Advisor D. C. Smith Advisor A. A. Snow Department of Entomology UMI Number 3031168 UMI UMf Microfbrnraaattas Copyright 2002 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Copyright by Michael J. Bailey 2001 ABSTRACT This study investigated relationships among functional wetland plant groups, insects, and hydroperiods in Central Ohio wetlands on Morrow Meadows Pond, Hoover Nature Preserve, and the Hebron Fish Hatchery. The orthopteran Conocephalus fasciatus was collected in a wide range of wetland types especially those with ruderal-type plants and unpredictable hydroperiods. In contrast, Conocephalus brevipennis preferred tussock and interstitial plants in more predictable hydroperiods. The pygmy backswimmer. Neoplea striola, was found in ponds with longer hydroperiods, tall tussocks and clonal dominants. Its life history fits the autumnal pool template: long life, predictable seasonal growth rates, and overwintering in water or moist litter. The coleopterans,Haliplus immaculicollis, Hydrovatus pustulatus and Enochrus oechnts also preferred clonal dominant stands with stable hydroperiods compared to Copelanis glyphicus which was collected only in temporary pools with ruderals, reed interstitials, and short tussocks. Conceptually, the temporary pool template selects for emergent*plants that either grow fast and reproduce in dry periods, or, for plants that tolerate flooding stress and grow slowly. It also selects for aquatic insects that have short life spans, long-diapause eggs, and quick growth rates. The semi-permanent pond template selects for competitive plants that tolerate long periods of flooding and for invertebrates that may be large predators, lack desiccation resistant stages, and develop over longer time intervals. ii To my parents and Barbara Squires m ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am most grateful to my advisors Dr. David J. Horn and to Dr. C. David Smith for their continuous encouragement, guidance, and friendship during my graduate study. I also express sincere appreciation to other members of my advisory committee, Drs. Allison Snow and David L. Denlinger, for their suggestions and comments. The technical assistance of Jana Chordas is gratefully acknowledged. This study was made possible with support of The Ohio State University, the Ohio Division of Wildlife, and City of Columbus Recreation and Parks Department. I thank Joan McMahon, Faye Militante, William and Marsha Driscoll for their unshakable faith in me. IV CURRICULUM VITAE March 14,1955 ................................................... Bom — El Paso, Texas 1978 .................................................................... B.S., University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 1994................................................................... M.S. Zoology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1995-present..................................................... Graduate Teaching Assistant and Lecturer at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Bailey, M. J., 1994. Lacustrine environments of the prothonotary warbler. M.S. Thesis. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH FIELD OF STUDY Major Field: Entomology TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ...................................................................................................... ii Dedication................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments ..................................................................................... iv CurriculumVitae ......................................................................................... v List of Tables............................................................................................... viii List of Figures............................................................................................. x Chapter 1 : Introduction................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2: Methods....................................................................................... 10 Site descriptions and locations......................................................... 10 Hydroperiods and wetland classifications ....................................... 12 Vegetation analysis........................................................................... 13 Aquatic insect analysis.................................................................... 15 Chapter 3 : Wetland plants, hydroperiods, and grasshoppers ....................... 17 Introduction.................................................................................... 18 Methods - study sites, hyroperiods, wetland plants ......................... 20 Methods - Orthoptera....................................................................... 21 VI Results - study sites, hydroperiods, wetland plant types ................... 22 Results - plant comparisons............................................................... 32 Results - Orthoptera........................................................................... 39 Discussion........................................................................................... 49 Chapter 4: Wetland plants, hydroperiods, and Neoplea striola..................... 53 Introduction........................................................................................ 54 Methods - study sites, hydroperiods, wetland plants ........................ 57 Methods - organic matter and invertebrates ..................................... 57 Results................................................................................................ 58 Discussion......................................................................................... 73 Chapter 5: Wetland plants, hydroperiods, and Coleoptera............................ 80 Introduction....................................................................................... 82 Methods - study sites, hydroperiods, wetland plants ........................ 83 Methods - invertebrates ..................................................................... 84 Results- hydroperiods, wetland plants, invertebrates ........................ 86 Discussion........................................................................................ 103 References................................................................................................. 113 vu LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Central Ohio wetland descriptions and sampled insects ....... 16 3.1 Classification of wetland plants from Central Ohio into functional plant groups..................................................................................... 23 3.2 Classification of wetlands by the Stewart and Kantrand (1971) prairie pothole method.................................................................... 27 3.3 Comparison of plant traits on Hoover Nature Preserve wetlands ... 33 3.4 Summary results of the discriminant functional analysis on wetland plants .................................................................................. 35 3.5 Comparison of plant traits on Hebron Fish Fish Hatchery................ 38 3.6 List of grasshopper species found in Central Ohio wetlands 40 3.7 Comparison of grasshopper transect coimts on Hoover Nature Preserve................................................................................ 41 3.8 Comparison of grasshopper counts on Morrow Meadows by sweep n et.............................................................................. 45 3.9 Comparison of grasshopper county on Hebron Fish: Hatchery 46 3.10 Comparison of grasshopper counts on Morrow Meadows
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