DOCSLIB.ORG

Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou (December 22, 1930 – July 13, 1989) 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou (December 22, 1930 – July 13, 1989) 1 Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou (December 22, 1930 – July 13, 1989) 1 Kurdish political leader Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou (December 22, 1930 – July 13, 1989) Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP-IRAN) Abroad Committee Media Centre www.kdppress.org Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP-IRAN) Abroad Committee Media Centre www.kdppress.org Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou 2 (December 22, 1930 – July 13, 1989) Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou ,عەبدولڕەحامن قاسملوو :Kurdish) Ebdurehman Qasimlú) (December 22, 1930 – July 13, 1989) was a Kurdish political leader. Ghassemlou was the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) Partiya/حیزبی دیموکڕاتی کوردستان - حدک) Demokrata Kurdistana - PDK) from 1973 to 1989, when he was killed by individuals thought to be agents of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Arly and private life Born in Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran, Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou was instructed in a Quranic school. He was the son of Mohammad Vesugh, a wealthy landowning Kurdish Ahga. Ghassemlou started his university studies in France, and pursued them in Czechoslovakia, where he met his wife Helen Krulich. They had two daughters together, Mina (1953) and Hewa (1955). He was fluent in 8 languages including his mother tongue. He could read and write and speak and understand Kurdish, Kurmanji Kurdish, Persian, Arabic, Azerbaijani, French, English, Czech, Russian, and was familiar with German andSlovakian. Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP-IRAN) Abroad Committee Media Centre www.kdppress.org Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou (December 22, 1930 – July 13, 1989) 3 Political life Ghassemlou went back to Kurdistan in 1952, after completing his studies. He then spent several years as an active militant in the Kurdish political field. In 1973, during the Third Congress of the PDKI, he was elected to the position of Secretary General of the party, a position to which he was re-elected several times until his assassination. In 1979, his party supported the revolution which ended in the fall of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. However, the party boycotted the referendum for the new constitution. This was the start of confrontation of the party and the new regime, which ended in a military suppression of the party by the central government. Shortly, after the beginning of the armed Kurdish rebellion, Ayatollah Khomeini declared a «holy war» on the separationist Kurds. Thousands of executions followed in Kurdistan, which were continued up to 1984 in the middle of Iran-Iraq war (1980–1988). Assassination and funerals In 1988, after the war had ended, the Iranian government decided to meet with him. Several meetings followed in Vienna, on December 28, December 30 and Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP-IRAN) Abroad Committee Media Centre www.kdppress.org Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou 4 (December 22, 1930 – July 13, 1989) January 20. Another meeting was set up for July 13, again in Vienna. The Tehran delegation was as before, namely Mohammed Jafar Sahraroudi and Hadji Moustafawi, except that this time there was also a third member: Amir Mansur Bozorgian whose function was that of bodyguard. The Kurds also had a three-man delegation: Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, his aide Abdullah Ghaderi- Azar (member of the PDKI Central Committee) and Fadhil Rassoul, an Iraqi university professor who had acted as a mediator. The next day, 13 July 1989, in the very room where the negotiation took place, Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou was killed by three bullets fired at very close range. His assistant Abdullah Ghaderi-Azar was hit by eleven bullets and Fadhil Rassoul by five. Hadji Moustafawi succeeded in escaping. Mohammad Jafar Sahraroudi received minor injuries and was taken to hospital, questioned and allowed to go. Amir Mansur Bozorgian was released after 24 hours in police custody and took refuge in the Iranian Embassy. The PDKI Deputy Secretary General, Sadegh Sharafkandi, succeeded Ghassemlou as Secretary General (he was assassinated on September 17, 1992). Abdullah Ghaderi Azar and Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou were buried on July 20 inParis at Père Lachaise Cemetery. Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP-IRAN) Abroad Committee Media Centre www.kdppress.org Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou (December 22, 1930 – July 13, 1989) 5 Investigation According to the pdki.org website In late November 1989 the Austrian courts issued a warrant for the arrest of the three Iranian representatives and the Austrian Government expressly accused the Iranian Government as having instigated the attack on Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou and the two other Kurds. The three Iranian representatives in the negotiations with the Kurdish leaders could return to Iran as free people, one of them had never been in custody, one was escorted to the Vienna airport nine days after the crime by Austrian police and the third, after one night of arrest, spent a few months in the Iranian embassy in Vienna before he disappeared from Austria. Warrants for their arrest were not issued before November 1989. 20 years after the triple assessination they have not been executed, still. Contrary to the German Mykonos-trial after the murder of Ghassemlou›s successor Dr. Sadegh Sharafkandi in Berlin the crime in Vienna was never clarified by any court. The Mykonos verdict of April 10, 1997 clearly states the responsibility of the then Iranian government for the murders in Berlin and in Vienna Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP-IRAN) Abroad Committee Media Centre www.kdppress.org Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou 6 (December 22, 1930 – July 13, 1989) Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou charming, and charismatic Middle Eastern leader of millions of Kurds in Iran. Ghassemlou spoke eight languagesKurdistan Democratic Party with (KDP-IRAN) ease. Abroad Committee Media Centre www.kdppress.org—from The Passion and Death of Rahman the Kurd Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou (December 22, 1930 – July 13, 1989) 7 several years. In the next decade he split his time between Europe and Kurdistan working in double harness : his université career and his repeated missions to Kurdistan. In 1959, the regional context appeared to He went to université in Paris and later be more hopeful : in neighbouring Iraq, the Czechoslovakia, had a Doctorate in monarchy had been overthrown and Molla économics and was an associate professor, Mostafa Barzani (leader of the Democratic having taught in Prague and Paris. In 1941, Party of Iraqi Kurdistan) had returned to the Allies invaded Iran in a ‹bridge of his country after eleven years of exile in victory» opération that inevitably brought USSR. In 196869- armed conflict was rife about the downfall of Reza Shah because in Iranian Kurdistan and the period ended of his relations with the Axis powers. A in a bath of blood with the massacre of major political change was to take shape the Kurdish leaders - and yet, even then, in the country. In Iranian Kurdistan the Kurdish résistance managed to raise its national movement came back to life and head again. the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan, CIle government in Bagdad accepted founded on 16 August 1945, attracted the principle of autonomy for the Kurdish young people in their masses. One of them population of Iraq. Was the Kurdish identity was Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou - not yet at last to be recognised ? On the other side 15 years old. of the frontier, the Kurdistan Democratic party steeled itself to renew the struggle. On 22 January 1946 the Kurdish Republic The vice-like grip in which the Shah›s armies of Mahabad came into existence by were trying to hold it had to be broken. proclamation, but in December the same At the third Congress of the Kurdistan year the imperial army with the help of Democratic party (1973), Abdul Rahman the Anglo-American forces entered the city Ghassemlou was elected Secretary- and the kflling and arrests that followed General and at those that followed he was were as cruel as they were indiscriminate. invariably returned to office. The Republic had fallen. Its President, Qazi During the years that followed, the prestige Mohammad, and his close followers were of the Pahlavi monarchy continued to wane. taken prisoner and then put to death on The White Revolution was questioned by 30 March 1947.Little by little the Kurdish experts in international affairs, the greedy people re-gathered its strength : the demands and extravagant behaviour of Republic of Mahabad may have been the court were criticised in the press and the short-lived but in the collective memory SAVAK was active throughout the country, it did not die. Running unlimited risks, the no social class being spared its baneful Kurdish leaders set about the vast task of attentions. Clearly - and sooner rather than protecting, educating and organising the later - the regime was doomed. If that population. Back from Europe in 1952, happened, what should be the position of Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou devoted his the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan ? energies to these clandestine activities for In view of the complex nature of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP-IRAN) Abroad Committee Media Centre —from The Passion and Death of Rahman the Kurd www.kdppress.org Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou 8 (December 22, 1930 – July 13, 1989) problems in the region that position had it is necessary to establish a system to be clearcut. The Party had to reply providing free éducation of uniform quality unambiguously to a number of questions throughout the country. A special effort about its identity, its allegiances, its should be made in the peripheral areas aspirations and its options. Abdul Rahman (Kurdistan, for example) that are clearly a Ghassemlou and his aides drew up as long way behind. coherent and realistic a programme as they - No attempt to leave poverty behind will could which may be summarised, in essence, succeed without the active participation of as follows : the people themselves. To feel concerned - so we believe - they have to feel free. - We are Kurds, we belong to a people Freedom of movement for goods and that the vicissitudes of history have persons, freedom of association and scattered over five states.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • USAF Counterproliferation Center CPC Outreach Journal #952
    Issue No. 952, 28 October 2011 Articles & Other Documents: Featured Article: U.S. Releases New START Nuke Data 1. 'IAEA Report Can Stymie Iran-P5+1 Talks' 2. German Wavers over Sale of Sub to Israel: Report 3. Armenian Nuclear Specialists Move to Iran for Better Life 4. Seoul, US Cautiously Move on 6-Party Talks 5. N. Korea Remains Serious Threat: US Defence Chief 6. Seoul, Beijing Discuss NK Issues 7. Pentagon Chief Doubts N. Korea Will Give Up Nukes 8. U.S.’s Panetta and South Korea’s Kim Warn Against North Korean Aggression 9. Pakistan Tests Nuclear-Capable Hatf-7 Cruise Missile 10. Libya: Stockpiles of Chemical Weapons Found 11. U.S. Has 'Nuclear Superiority' over Russia 12. Alexander Nevsky Sub to Be Put into Service in Late 2012 13. New Subs Made of Old Spare Parts 14. Successful Test Launch for Russia’s Bulava Missile 15. Topol Ballistic Missiles May Stay in Service until 2019 16. U.S. Releases New START Nuke Data 17. Army Says Umatilla Depot's Chemical Weapons Mission Done 18. Iran Dangerous Now, Imagine It Nuclear 19. START Treaty: Never-Ending Story 20. The "Underground Great Wall:" An Alternative Explanation 21. What’s Down There? China’s Tunnels and Nuclear Capabilities 22. Visits Timely and Important 23. Surgical Strikes Against Key Facilities would Force Iran to Face Military Reality 24. KAHLILI: Iran Already Has Nuclear Weapons Welcome to the CPC Outreach Journal. As part of USAF Counterproliferation Center’s mission to counter weapons of mass destruction through education and research, we’re providing our government and civilian community a source for timely counterproliferation information.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Notes Introduction 1. Hugh Seton-Watson, Nations and States (London, 1982), 5. 2. Ibid., 3. 3. Tom Nairn, The Break-up of Britain (London, 1977), 41–2. 4. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflection on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London, 1983), 15. 5. Ibid., 20. 6. Ibid. 7. Miroslav Hroch, ‘From National Movement to the Fully Formed Nation,’ New Left Review 198 (March/April 1993), 3–20. 8. Ibid., 6–7. 9. Ibid., 18. 10. Seton-Watson, Nations and States, 147–8. 11. Anderson, Imagined Communities, 127. 12. Ibid., 86. 13. Ibid., 102. 14. In the case of Iran, the Belgian constitution was the model for the Iranian constitution with two major adaptations to suit the country’s conditions. There were numerous references to religion and the importance of religious leaders. The constitution also made a point of recognizing the existence of the provincial councils. Ervand Abrahamian, Iran between Two Revolutions (Princeton, NJ, 1982), 90. 15. Peter Laslett, ‘Face-to-Face Society,’ in P. Laslett (ed.), Philosophy, Politics and Society (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1967), 157–84. 16. Anderson, Imagined Communities, 122. 17. Arjun Appadurai, ‘Introduction, Commodities and the Politics of Value,’ in A. Appadurai (ed.), The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspec- tive (Cambridge, 1986), 3–63. 18. Ibid., 9. 19. Luca Anderlini and Hamid Sabourian, ‘Some Notes on the Economics of Barter, Money and Credit,’ in Caroline Humphrey and Stephen Hugh- Jones (eds), Barter, Exchange and Value (Cambridge, 1992), 75–106. 20. Ibid., 89. 21. The principal issue in the rise of Kurdish national awareness is the erosion in the fabric of the Kurdish ‘face-to-face’ society.
    [Show full text]
  • BEFORE the IRAN-UNITED STATES CLAIMS TRIBUNAL the Hague
    BEFORE THE IRAN-UNITED STATES CLAIMS TRIBUNAL The Hague The Netherlands The Islamic Republic of Iran, Claimant, v. Claim No . A/30 United States of America, Full Tribunal Respondent. STATEMENT OF DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES Sean D . Murphy Agent of the United States Counsel: Michael J . Matheson Jeffrey D . Kovar BEFORE THE IRAN-UNITED STATES CLAIMS TRIBUNAL The Hague The Netherlands The Islamic Republic of Iran, Claimant, v. Claim No . A/30 United States of America, Full Tribunal Respondent. STATEMENT OF DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES On August 12, 1996, the Islamic Republic of Iran filed a Statement of Claim (Doc . 1) in a new interpretive dispute against the United States, Case No . A/30, alleging that the United States has violated its commitments under the Algiers Accords by interfering in Iran's internal affairs and implementing economic sanctions against Iran . Pursuant to the Tribunal's Order of August 21, 1996 (Doc . 3), and subsequent extension orders (Docs. 5, 9, and 12), the United States submits this Statement of 1 Defense. 1 In the event the Tribunal permits Iran to file further written statements or other materials in this case (Rules of Procedure, Art . 22-23), the United States requests that the Tribunal accord it the right to respond thereto . - 2 ­ I . INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY The Government of Iran, which has a long record of using terrorism and lethal force as an instrument of state policy, is seeking a ruling from the Tribunal that the United States has violated the Algiers Accords by intervening in Iran's internal affairs and enacting economic sanctions against it .
    [Show full text]
  • Mykonos Front Cover .Psd
    Iran Human Rights Documentation Center The Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (IHRDC) is an independent and nonpartisan scholarly undertaking to establish a comprehensive and objective historical record of the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran since the 1979 revolution. This evolving historical record includes the collection and analysis of a broad range of documents and testimonies in an archive that is accessible to the public for research and educational purposes. Based on the principle that accounting for past abuses is essential for future social progress and democratic transformation, the IHRDC encourages an informed dialogue on the human rights situation in Iran. The IHRDC collaborates with a wide range of scholars and experts in human rights documentation and various other disciplines and projects. IHRDC Mission To investigate and document human rights abuses in Iran; To raise international awareness of human rights violations in Iran and bring pressure to bear on the Iranian government to end these abuses; To raise local awareness of human rights violations and international human rights standards inside Iran; To establish an online archive of human rights documents that can one day be used to develop and support a reckoning process in Iran. Iran Human Rights Documentation Center 129 Church Street New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA Tel: +1-(203)-772-2218 Fax: +1-(203)-772-1782 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.iranhrdc.org Photographs: The main image on the front cover is a picture of the Mykonos Restaurant taken on April 28, 2004 (Photo: Picture Alliance). The picture of former Minister of Intelligence Hojjatoleslam Ali Fallahian which appears at the bottom right of the front cover can be found at www.iranian.com.
    [Show full text]
  • UN ODIEUX GUET.APENS Leparti D'abdul Rahman Ghassemlou
    INSTITUT URD DE PARIS Information and liaison bulletin ISpecial Issue I July-August 1989 This bulletin is issued in French, German, Enghh. Kurdish, Spanish and Turkish. Price per issue: (France) 25 FF, (ElsewheJe): 30 p:.. Annual subscribtion (12 issues) France: 240 FF, (E sl'where) 265 FF Monthly review Director of publication: Mohamad HASSAN numero de la Commission Paritaire: 659 i5 A.S. ISSN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE 106, rue La Fayette - 7iOlQ PARV; Tel.: (1) 48 24 64 64 - Fax: (1) 47 70 99 Oit spec/a/Issue: A. R. GHASSEMLOU SUMMARY o TRIPLE MURDER IN VIENNA o WHO ARE THE ASSASSINS AND WHAT HAS BECOME OF THEM? o ATTITUDE OF THE AUSTRIAN GOVERNMENT o PUBLIC EMOTIONS AND THE SILENCE OF STATES o FUNERAL SERVICES IN PARIS : MOMENT OF STRONG KURDISH NATIONAL UNITY o PORTRAITS OF THE KURDISH MARTYRS o SPECIAL RESOLUTIONSOF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IN PARIS o ACCOUNT OF THE NEGOTIATIONS BETWEENTHE IRANIAN KURDISH MOVEMENT AND THE TEHRAN AUTHORITIES o BRIEF PRESSREVIEWS TRIPLE MURDER IN VIENNA n Thursday, July 13th 1989, at approximately 7 Socialist Congress, having come to Vienna on Tues- pm, the Kurdish Iranian leader AbelelRahman day evening, July 11th,to meet with Iranian emissaries Ghassemlou, Secretary General of the Demo- delegated by RAFSANDJANI, the then powerful presi- O cratic Party of Kurdistan of Iran, and two other dent of the Iranian Parliament and declared candidate important Kurdish individuals, Abdoullah GHADERI- for the presidency of the Republic. The following day, AlAR, representative of the PDKI in Europe, and along with Ghaderi-Azar and Dr. F. Rassoul, Ghas- Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Besides, Thanks to the Importance Applied to This Joyful Day by The
    Published By: The International Bureau of Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan Iranian Kurdis tan Bul le tin IRANIAN KURDISTAN BULLETIN NUMBER 4, NOVEMBER 2002 Inside this issue: PDKI’s Politburo Statement Remembering the Assassination of Dr. Sadegh Sharafkandi, the Party’s Secretary-general and 1 His Associates, Ten Years Ago The Execution of Three Political Prisoners in Islamic 3 Republic of Iran The Tragedy of Being Kurd in Iran 4 URDISTAN URDISTAN Dr. Ali-Reza Nourizadeh on the 10th anniversary of Dr. Sharafkandi K Secretary-general’s Letter to the Council of Europe’s External 6 Relations Office on the EU Human Rights Dialogue with Iran RANIAN I of EU to launch rights dialogue with Iran & 7 ARTY ARTY P PDKI Politburo’s Appeal to United Nations’ Human Rights Commission on the recent executions of Kurds in Iran News & ACTIVITIES: Victims of regime’s aggression and brutality, Kurdi- stan Province faces limitations?! Iran's Kurdistan province "safest" in country: Lari, 8 PDKI activities, visits and developments around the world EMOCRATIC EMOCRATIC D Messages of Solidarity Secretary-general’s congratulatory letters to German Social Democrats 10 and Green Party on the recent parliamentary elections Statement by the Socialist International Middle East Committee, 10 Kurdish Working Group Press Review: 11 Iran’s new debate: theocracy versus secularism - Financial Times NUMBER 4, NOVEMBER 2002 PAGE 1 PDKI’s Politburo Statement Remembering the Assassination of Dr. Sadegh Sharafkandi, the Party’s SecretarySecretary---generalgeneral and His AssociatesAssociates,,,, Ten Years Ago 17th of The police and September 2002, 10 judicial authorities very years has elapsed from seriously pursued the the assassination of Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 6 Factional Rivalries and Iran-European Union Relations | 187
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The Iranian political elite, state and society relations, and foreign relations since the Islamic revolution Rakel, E.P. Publication date 2008 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Rakel, E. P. (2008). The Iranian political elite, state and society relations, and foreign relations since the Islamic revolution. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:29 Sep 2021 Chapter 6 Factional Rivalries and Iran-European Union Relations | 187 Chapter 6 Factional Rivalries and Iran-European Union Relations 6.1 Introduction Chapter 6 and 7 discuss the relations between Iran and the EU158 since the Iranian Islamic revolution until 2007. Chapter 6 focuses on the foreign policy of the IRI towards the EU and its main member countries that are the EU countries with the most diplomatic and economic ties to Iran (Britain, France, Germany, and Italy).
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Imagining National Struggle
    Centre for Middle Eastern Studies Re-imagining national struggle Resistance narratives within the exiled Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Middle Eastern Studies Author: Carl Bradshaw Advisors: Vittorio Felci and Torsten Janson Examiner: Rola El-Husseini Date: June 20, 2019 I am in love with the mountains, hills, and rocks. Even if I freeze today because of hunger and nudity, I will not submit to the settlements of the foreigner as long as I am on this land. I am not afraid of chains nor cords nor sticks nor prison. Cut in pieces until they kill me, I will still say that I am a Kurd. Hemin Mukriyani, Poet Laureate of the Republic of Kurdistan (Natali 2005, 127) ii Abstract In 2016 the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI) decided to modify its resistance strategy towards the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). This study analyses political imaginations within the displaced KDPI community in Iraqi Kurdistan through a social constructivist paradigm and the methods of observations and interviews. Findings highlight “insider views” of resistance and outline how identity processes and memory cultures are pivotal to comprehend resistance narratives within the KDPI community. The study further suggests that identity construction is manufactured by broader shared values rather than narrow ethno-cultural allegiance, while being enunciated through nationalist discourse in pursuit of ideational legitimacy. Concerning memory, findings indicate that history is reconstructed to support present political needs. Memories emblematize values of heroism and trauma, constituting a central power resource through which KDPI members express their identity constructions and legitimize resistance.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Development of the Kurds in Iran: Pastoral Nationalism/ Farideh Koohi-Kamali
    The Political Development of the Kurds in Iran Pastoral Nationalism Farideh Koohi-Kamali The Political Development of the Kurds in Iran This page intentionally left blank The Political Development of the Kurds in Iran Pastoral Nationalism Farideh Koohi-Kamali Department of Social Sciences, New School University, New York Q Farideh Koohi-Kamali 2003 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2003 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. MacmillanT is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 0–333–73169–7 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Office of Criminal Investigations AMIA CASE
    Investigations Unit of the Office of the Attorney General Marcelo Martinez Burgos Alberto Nisman District attorney Attorney general Office of criminal investigations AMIA CASE 0 REPORT; REQUEST FOR ARRESTS Your Honor: ALBERTO NISMAN and MARCELO MARTÍNEZ BURGOS, district attorneys in charge of the Unidad Fiscal de Investigación del atentado a la AMIA [District attorney’s unit in charge of the investigation of the AMIA attack] in case no. 8566 of the register of Juzgado Nacional en lo Criminal and Correccional Federal n° 6 of Buenos Aires, Secretaría 11 - Anexo |AMIA. Case name: "Coppe, Juan Carlos y otros s/asociación ilícita, homicidio, lesiones, daños y otros". The investigation involves the attack against AMIA on 18 July 1994, in regard to which we hereby present the following report: I. INTRODUCTION a) Subject matter and relevance of the report Pursuant to the decree (p. 115.336/115.3411) 1 issued 8 February 2005, the judge in the case His Honor Rodolfo Canicoba Corral, assigned to the present authors the case mentioned above. The assignment was to investigate the 18 July 1994 bombing of the building at calle Pasteur n° 633 in Buenos Aires. This building housed the offices of, among other organizations, the Asociación 1 In the present report, unless otherwise indicated, page references (p.) indicate material from the main body of the proceedings. 1 Mutual Israelita Argentina (hereinafter referred to as AMIA) and the Delegación de Asociaciones Israelitas Argentinas (hereinafter referred to as DALA). The attack caused the death of 85 persons, injuries of varying severity to at least 151 persons, and substantial damage.
    [Show full text]
  • Kurdish National Congress of North America P.O. Box 90823, Nashville, TN 37209-USA
    Kurdish National Congress of North America P.O. Box 90823, Nashville, TN 37209-USA www.kncna.org Ms. Maria Fekter Federal Minister of Interior Affairs Herrengasse 7 1010 Vienna, Austria July 2, 2009 Dear Madam Fekter: New information revealed by the Green Party Security Spokesman Mr. Peter Pilz identified Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, now president of Iran, as one of the members of a death squad who murdered the top Kurdish leader Dr. Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou (the secretary general of the Kurdistan Democratic Party-Iran), his deputy Abdullah Ghaderi- Azar and a companion Dr. Fadel Rasoul on July 13, 1989 in Vienna. The Kurdish leaders were engaged in negotiation to discuss a peaceful solution to the Kurdish issue in Iran at the time of their murders. Contrary to the Kurdish intention to find a peaceful solution and promote democracy in Iran, the Iranian delegation used this negotiation as an opportunity to murder three men who were acting in good faith, and to liquidate any chance for peace in Iran. Despite the overwhelming evidence available at the time of the murders, under the pressure of the Iranian government, Austrian authorities let the murderers go free. We hope this time, with the new information that points to Ahmadinejad as one of the murderers, the Austrian government will do its due diligence to make sure that justice is served. If every time a death squad from a so-called ‘friendly country’ murders a political leader in Austria – a political leader who is struggling for peace and justice for his people -- and the crime goes unpunished, it diminishes the moral standing of the Austrian government.
    [Show full text]
  • Whose Kurdistan? Class Politics and Kurdish Nationalism in the Middle East, 1918-2018
    LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE Whose Kurdistan? Class Politics and Kurdish Nationalism in the Middle East, 1918-2018 Nicola Degli Esposti A thesis submitted to the Department of International Relations of the London School of Economics and Political Science for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. London, 13 September 2020 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 98,640 words. 2 Abstract This thesis is a study of the different trajectories of Kurdish nationalism in the Middle East. In the late 2010s – years of momentous advance for Kurdish forces in Turkey, Iraq, and Syria – Kurdish politics was deeply divided into competing movements pursuing irreconcilable projects for the future of the Kurdish nation. By investigating nationalism as embedded in social conflicts, this thesis identifies in the class basis of Kurdish movements and parties the main reason for their political differentiation and the development of competing national projects. After the defeat of the early Kurdish revolts in the 1920s and 1930s, Kurdish nationalism in Iraq and Turkey diverged along ideological lines due to the different social actors that led the respective national movements.
    [Show full text]