DOCSLIB.ORG

Bubble-Pump-Driven Solar Absorption Air Conditioning for Residential Applications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bubble-Pump-Driven Solar Absorption Air Conditioning for Residential Applications University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 4-25-2018 BUBBLE-PUMP-DRIVEN SOLAR ABSORPTION AIR CONDITIONING FOR RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS Julia Aman University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Aman, Julia, "BUBBLE-PUMP-DRIVEN SOLAR ABSORPTION AIR CONDITIONING FOR RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 7424. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7424 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. BUBBLE-PUMP-DRIVEN SOLAR ABSORPTION AIR CONDITIONING FOR RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS by Julia Aman A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Department of Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2018 ©2018 Julia Aman Bubble-Pump-Driven Solar Absorption Air Conditioning for Residential Applications by Julia Aman APPROVED BY: ______________________________________________ I. Beausoleil-Morrison, External Examiner Carleton University ______________________________________________ R. Carriveau, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering ______________________________________________ A. Sobiesiak Department of Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering ______________________________________________ B. Zhou Department of Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering ______________________________________________ P. Henshaw, Co-Advisor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering ______________________________________________ D. S.-K. Ting, Co-Advisor Department of Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering April 4, 2018 DECLARATION OF PREVIOUS PUBLICATION I. Previous Publication This thesis includes seven original papers that have been previously published/submitted for publication in peer reviewed journals, as follows: Thesis Chapter Publication title/full citation Publication status* Chapter 2 Aman, J., Henshaw, P. Ting, D. S-K., Solar Published sorption cooling for residential air-conditioning applications, International Journal of Renewable Energy Technologies, 9 (1/2) (2018) 136-157. Chapter 3 Aman, J., Ting, D. S-K., Henshaw, P., Published Residential solar air conditioning: energy and exergy analyses of an ammonia-water absorption cooling system, Applied Thermal Engineering, 62 (2014) 424-432. Chapter 4 Aman, J., Henshaw, P. Ting, D. S-K., Modelling Published and Analysis of Bubble Pump Parameters for Vapor Absorption Refrigeration Systems, Proceedings of ASHRAE Annual cofference 2016, St. Louis, MO, June 25-29, 2016. Aman, J., Henshaw, P. Ting, D. S-K., Chapter 5 Published Performance characterization of a bubble pump for vapor absorption refrigeration systems, International Journal of Refrigeration, 85 (2018) 58–69. Aman, J., Henshaw, P. Ting, D. S-K., Bubble- Chapter 6 Published pump-driven LiBr-H2O and LiCl-H2O absorption air-conditioning systems, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2017.10.022. ii Chapter 7 Aman, J., Henshaw, P. Ting, D. S-K., Advanced Under review exergy analysis of a bubble-pump-driven LiCl- H2O absorption air-conditioning system, International Journal of Exergy. APPENDIX A Aman, J., Henshaw, P. Ting, D. S-K., Energy Published efficiency and economic feasibility of an absorption air-conditioning system using wet, dry and hybrid heat rejection methods, International Journal of Environmental Studies, 75 (1) (2018) 68-85. I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include the above published material(s) in my thesis. I certify that the above material describes work completed during my registration as a graduate student at the University of Windsor. II. General I declare that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my thesis, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. Furthermore, to the extent that I have included copyrighted material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the Canada Copyright Act, I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include such material(s) in my thesis. I declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, including any final revisions, as approved by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. iii ABSTRACT Large-scale heat-driven absorption cooling systems are currently available in the marketplace for industrial applications. The high temperature is required in the generator for driving this absorption chiller. For this reason, this type of chiller was originally designed to use direct-fired gas. However, the low efficiency of this cooling cycle restricts its use in small-scale applications. The concept of a solar- driven absorption chiller can satisfy the increasing demand for air conditioning without contributing greenhouse gases to the global environment. This research contributes to providing an efficient air conditioning driven by low temperature solar heat and independent of grid electricity, which may be useful in remote residential communities. The performance of 10 kW absorption and adsorption cooling systems were compared for the selection of a suitable cooling technology that can be driven by low temperature heat source such as a flat plate solar collector. Analysis revealed that under any operating conditions, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the absorption cooling system is higher. However, absorption chillers have a lower efficiency than traditional compression refrigeration systems, when used for small scale applications. Hence, energy and exergy analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of a solar-driven air-cooled ammonia-water absorption chiller for residential air conditioning. Low driving temperature heat sources were optimized (70~80℃) and the efficiencies (COP=0.6, exergetic efficiency=32%) of the system were evaluated. The highest exergy losses were identified in the absorption process (63%) followed by the generator (13%) and the condenser (11%). iv In order to replace the only electrical component (pump) in an absorption chiller and make it independent of grid electricity, a solar-thermal-driven bubble pump was introduced in a vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) cycle. This solar- thermal-driven pump can circulate the solution to the absorber and the generator to create the necessary refrigerant vapor for cooling. An analytical model of a bubble pump was developed and experimental work was conducted. Furthermore, a dimensional analysis was performed, considering bubble pump geometry and the solution properties. The bubble pump performance was defined in terms of non- dimensional parameters which can be used in all bubble-pump-driven absorption refrigeration systems. Experimental and theoretical results for a new refrigerant- absorbent solution (LiCl-H2O) were compared, and the flow regime (slug flow) was determined for the highest pump efficiency. Moreover, in order to employ the advantages of high performance, the bubble pump was incorporated into a simulation of a water-based vapor absorption refrigeration cycle. A new absorbent- refrigerant pair (LiCl-H2O) for a bubble-pump-operated VARS was proposed and a thermodynamic comparison was made between LiBr-H2O and LiCl-H2O systems. Finally, energy, exergy and advanced exergy analyses were performed on this proposed refrigeration cycle, and the exergy losses due to the internal irreversibilities of each component and the effect of the irreversibilities of the other components were determined. The avoidable exergy destruction was identified pertaining to the potential improvement of the overall system structure. The highest avoidable endogenous exergy losses occurred in the generator. v DEDICATION To my parents, my husband, my children and family. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completing this PhD and becoming a Doctor is the blessing of Almighty for me. Words cannot express how He guided me in this journey and led me to meet these great people at the University of Windsor. Through my father’s encouragement and my husband’s dedication and enthusiasm, I embarked on my journey to complete my PhD 8 years after finishing my Master’s degree. When Dr. David Ting and Dr. Paul Henshaw accepted me to be their graduate student, I could not fathom how incredible their leadership
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Advanced Power Cycles with Mixtures As the Working Fluid
    Advanced Power Cycles with Mixtures as the Working Fluid Maria Jonsson Doctoral Thesis Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden, 2003 Advanced Power Cycles with Mixtures as the Working Fluid Maria Jonsson Doctoral Thesis Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden, 2003 TRITA-KET R173 ISSN 1104-3466 ISRN KTH/KET/R--173--SE ISBN 91-7283-443-9 Contact information: Royal Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Division of Energy Processes SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Copyright © Maria Jonsson, 2003 All rights reserved Printed in Sweden Universitetsservice US AB Stockholm, 2003 Advanced Power Cycles with Mixtures as the Working Fluid Maria Jonsson Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract The world demand for electrical power increases continuously, requiring efficient and low-cost methods for power generation. This thesis investigates two advanced power cycles with mixtures as the working fluid: the Kalina cycle, alternatively called the ammonia-water cycle, and the evaporative gas turbine cycle. These cycles have the potential of improved performance regarding electrical efficiency, specific power output, specific investment cost and cost of electricity compared with the conventional technology, since the mixture working fluids enable efficient energy recovery. This thesis shows that the ammonia-water cycle has a better thermodynamic performance than the steam Rankine cycle as a bottoming process for natural gas- fired gas and gas-diesel engines, since the majority of the ammonia-water cycle configurations investigated generated more power than steam cycles.
    [Show full text]
  • Turbocharged Diesel Engine Power Production Enhancement: Proposing a Novel Thermal-Driven Supercharging System Based on Kalina Cycle
    Vol 1, No 2, 2020, 223-234 DOI: 10.22044/rera.2020.9521.1028 Turbocharged Diesel Engine Power Production Enhancement: Proposing a Novel Thermal-Driven Supercharging System based on Kalina Cycle 1 1 1 F. Salek , A. Eskandary Nasrabad and M.M. Naserian * 1- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Montazeri, Khorasan Razavi Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Mashhad, Iran. Receive Date 3 April 2020; Revised 26 April 2020; Accepted Date 25 May 2020 *Corresponding authors: [email protected] (M. M. Naserian) Abstract In this paper, a novel thermal-driven supercharging system is proposed for downsizing of a turbocharged diesel engine. Furthermore, the Kalina cycle is used as a waste heat recovery system to run the mounted supercharging system. The waste heat of air in engine exhaust and intake pipes is converted to the cooling and mechanical power by the Kalina cycle. The mechanical power produced by the Kalina cycle is transferred to an air compressor to charge extra air to the engine in order to generate more power. This feature can be used for downsizing the turbo-charged heavy duty diesel engine. In addition, the heat rejected from the engine intercooler is transferred to the Kalina cycle vapor generator component, and part of the engine exhaust waste heat is also used for superheating the Kalina working fluid before entering the engine. Then the first and second law analyses are performed to assess the operation of the engine in different conditions. Moreover, an economic model is provided for the Kalina cycle, which is added to the engine as a supplementary component.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermodynamics of Power Generation
    THERMAL MACHINES AND HEAT ENGINES Thermal machines ......................................................................................................................................... 1 The heat engine ......................................................................................................................................... 2 What it is ............................................................................................................................................... 2 What it is for ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Thermal aspects of heat engines ........................................................................................................... 3 Carnot cycle .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Gas power cycles ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Otto cycle .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Diesel cycle ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Brayton cycle .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Upgrading Both Geothermal and Solar Energy
    GRC Transactions, Vol. 40, 2016 Upgrading Both Geothermal and Solar Energy Kewen Li1,2, Changwei Liu2, Youguang Chen3, Guochen Liu2, Jinlong Chen2 1Stanford University, Stanford Geothermal Program, Stanford CA, USA 2China University of Geosciences, Beijing 3Tsinghua University, Beijing [email protected] Keywords Hybrid solar-geothermal systems, solar energy, geothermal resources, exergy, high efficiency ABSTRACT Geothermal energy has many advantages over solar and other renewables. These advantages include: 1) weather-proof; 2) base-load power; 3) high stability and reliability with a capacity factor over 90% in many cases; 4) less land usage and less ecological effect; 5) high thermal efficiency. The total installed capacity of geothermal electricity, however, is much smaller than those of solar energy. On the other hand, solar energy, including photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP), has a lot of disadvantages and problems even it has a greater installed power and other benefits. Almost all of the five advantages geothermal has are the disadvantages of solar. Furthermore, solar PV has a high pollution issue during manufacturing. There have been many reports and papers on the combination of geothermal and solar energies in recent decades. This article is mainly a review of these literatures and publications. Worldwide, there are many areas where have both high heat flow flux and surface radiation, which makes it possible to integrate geothermal and solar energies. High temperature geothermal resource is the main target of the geothermal industry. The fact is that there are many geothermal resources with a low or moderate temperature of about 150oC. It is known that the efficiency of power generation from ther- mal energy is directly proportional to the resource temperature in general.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Producing Frozen French Fries
    applied sciences Article Multipurpose System for Cryogenic Energy Storage and Tri-Generation in a Food Factory: A Case Study of Producing Frozen French Fries Dimityr Popov 1,* , Stepan Akterian 2 , Kostadin Fikiin 1 and Borislav Stankov 1 1 Faculty of Energy Engineering, Technical University of Sofia, 8 Sv. Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; k.fikiin@tu-sofia.bg (K.F.); bstankov@tu-sofia.bg (B.S.) 2 Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; [email protected] * Correspondence: dpopov@tu-sofia.bg Abstract: This contribution elaborates on a futuristic hybrid concept for the multifunctional employ- ment of a liquid air energy storage (LAES) system for combined heat, cold and power production (tri-generation) in a food factory, thereby providing a substantial part of the energy demand for various unit operations and enhancing the round-trip efficiency (RTE) of LAES. A processing line for frozen French fries, with relatively high heating and refrigeration demands, is used as a case study. The total useful energy output per charge/discharge cycle is 61,677 kWh (i.e., 38,295 kWh of electricity, 19,278 kWh of heating, and 4104 kWh of refrigeration). The estimated tri-generation RTE of the studied system reaches 55.63%, which appears to be 1.2 times higher than the RTE of a classical standalone LAES system with the same power input, considered as a baseline. In a broader context, such a performance enhancement by amalgamating food and energy technologies can make Citation: Popov, D.; Akterian, S.; cryogenic energy storage a more viable grid balancing option capable of substantially increasing the Fikiin, K.; Stankov, B.
    [Show full text]
  • A Kalina Cycle Application for Power Generation
    Cleveland State University EngagedScholarship@CSU Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications Mechanical Engineering Department 9-1993 A Kalina Cycle Application for Power Generation Mounir B. Ibrahim Cleveland State University, [email protected] Ronald M. Kovach Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co. Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/enme_facpub Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Publisher's Statement NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Energy. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Energy, 18, 9, September 1993, 10.1016/ S0360-5442(06)80001-0 Original Citation Ibrahim, M. B., and Kovach, R. M., 1993, "A Kalina Cycle Application for Power Generation," Energy, 18(9) pp. 961-969. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mechanical Engineering Department at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A KALINA CYCLE APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION MOUNIR B. IBRAI-IIM'I'~ and RONALD M. KOVAC)-I§ -~ Mechanical Engineering Department, CIeveland State University, Cleveland, Oil 44115 and § Cleveland Electric 111uminating Co., 33570 Lake Road, Avon Lake, OH 44113, U.S.A. Abstraet--A multi-component (NH~/H20) Kalina-type cycle that utilizes the exhaust from a gas turbine is investigated in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Technology Map of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan
    JRC SCIENCE AND POLICY REPORTS 2013 Technology Map of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan Technology Descriptions Report EUR 26345 EN Joint Research Centre EUROPEAN COMMISSION Joint Research Centre Institute for Energy and Transport Contact: Johan Carlsson Address: Joint Research Centre, 3 Westerduinweg 1755 LE Petten the Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +31 224565341 Fax: +31 224565616 http://iet.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ This publication is a Scientific and Policy Report by the Joint Research Centre of theE uropean Commission. LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC86357 EUR 26345 EN ISBN 978-92-79-34720-7 (pdf) ISBN 978-92-79-34721-4 (print) ISSN 1831-9424 (online) ISSN 1018-5593 (print) doi: 10.2790/99812 (online) doi: 10.2790/9986 (print) Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014 © European Union, 2014 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Luxembourg 2013 Technology Map of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Technology Descriptions TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Thermodynamic Analysis of Kalina and Kalina Flash Cycles for Utilizing Low-Grade Heat Sources
    energies Article Comparative Thermodynamic Analysis of Kalina and Kalina Flash Cycles for Utilizing Low-Grade Heat Sources Kyoung Hoon Kim 1, Chul Ho Han 2 and Hyung Jong Ko 1,* 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gyeongbuk 39177, Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gyeongbuk 39177, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-54-478-7295 Received: 5 November 2018; Accepted: 23 November 2018; Published: 27 November 2018 Abstract: The Kalina flash cycle (KFC) is a novel, recently proposed modification of the Kalina cycle (KC) equipped with a flash vessel. This study performs a comparative analysis of the thermodynamic performance of KC and KFC utilizing low-grade heat sources. How separator pressure, flash pressure, and ammonia mass fraction affect the system performance is systematically and parametrically investigated. Dependences of net power and cycle efficiencies on these parameters as well as the mass flow rate, heat transfer rate and power production at the cycle components are analyzed. For a given set of separator pressure and ammonia mass fraction, there exists an optimum flash pressure making exergy efficiency locally maximal. For these pressures, which are higher for higher separator pressure and lower ammonia mass fraction, KFC shows better performance than KC both in net power and cycle efficiencies. At higher ammonia mass fraction, however, the difference is smaller. While the maximum power production increases with separator pressure, the dependence is quite weak for the maximum values of both efficiencies. Keywords: exergy efficiency; Kalina flash cycle; low-grade heat source; optimal flash pressure; thermal efficiency 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Waste Heat Recovery – Bottoming Cycle Alternatives
    TOMMI PAANU SEPPO NIEMI PEKKA RANTANEN Waste Heat Recovery – Bottoming Cycle Alternatives PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VAASA ___________________________________________ REPORTS 175 VAASA 2012 Vaasan yliopisto – University of Vaasa PL 700 – P.O. Box 700 (Wolffintie 34) FI–65101 VAASA Finland www.uwasa.fi ISBN 978–952–476–389–9 ISSN 1238–7118 = Proceedings of the University of Vaasa. Reports © University of Vaasa III Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 2 Background and some definitions ............................................................... 2 3 Steam Rankine cycle as a bottoming cycle ................................................. 4 4 Organic Rankine cycle ............................................................................... 4 5 The Kalina cycle ........................................................................................ 5 6 Trilateral Flash Cycle ................................................................................. 9 7 Comparisons between steam Rankine, ORC, Kalina and TFC cycles ........ 11 8 Supercritical CO2 Rankine cycle ............................................................... 13 9 Gas bottoming cycles: Stirling-engine ...................................................... 15 10 Gas bottoming cycles: Brayton ................................................................. 16 11 Hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine........................................... 17 12 LNG vaporization as a
    [Show full text]
  • Orc) for Waste Heat Recovery on an Electric Arc Furnace (Eaf
    13th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics POTENTIAL OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES (ORC) FOR WASTE HEAT RECOVERY ON AN ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE (EAF) Steven Lecompte*a, Oyeniyi A. Oyewunmib, Christos N. Markidesb, Marija Lazovaa, Alihan Kayaa, Bernd Ameela, Martijn van den Broeka, Michel De Paepea *Author for correspondence aDepartment of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Gent, Belgium bClean Energy Processes (CEP) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT established steam Rankine-cycle engine and the accompanying The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a mature technology wealth of operational and maintenance experience. to convert low temperature waste heat to electricity. While Furthermore, there is the design option of employing a number several energy intensive industries could benefit from the of organic working fluids, ranging from refrigerants to integration of an ORC, their adoption rate is rather low. One hydrocarbons and siloxanes [11], including working fluid important reason is that the prospective end-users find it mixtures [12,13], to optimize the heat transfer (and heat difficult to recognize and realise the possible energy savings. In recovery) from/to the waste heat source and heat sink. ORC more recent years, the electric arc furnaces (EAF) are engines also feature quite a number of architectures such as the considered as a major candidate for waste heat recovery. transcritical cycles [4,14], trilateral cycles [15], partial Therefore, in this work, the integration of an ORC coupled to a evaporation cycles [4] and the basic subcritical cycles, to better 100 MWe EAF is investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Kalina Cycle System 11 for the Recovery of Industrial Waste Heat with Heat Pump Augmentation by David Anthony
    A Study of the Kalina Cycle System 11 for the Recovery of Industrial Waste Heat with Heat Pump Augmentation by David Anthony Jones A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama May 9, 2011 Keywords: Kalina Cycle, Waste Heat, Heat Pump, Low Temperature Waste Heat Recovery, Power Cycle Augmentation Approved by Daniel K. Harris, Chair, Associate Professor Mechanical Engineering David Dyer, Professor Mechanical Engineering R. Wayne Johnson, Ginn Professor of Electrical Engineering Abstract The recovery of industrial waste heat is becoming an area of increased interest due to the ever climbing cost of energy. In the past, the low temperatures that most industrial waste heat is at have prevented the recovery and use of the waste heat stream. Through the application of the Kalina Cycle System 11 (KCS11) with heat pump/refrigeration augmentation, waste heat can be recovered from streams with a lower temperature than would normally be possible. This thesis investigates the theoretical viability of using a Kalina Cycle System 11 with vapor compression refrigeration cycle augmentation to convert industrial waste heat into useable power, and compares that to a non-augmented KCS11 and an organic Rankine cycle. It was found that with a source temperature of 200 °C, the KCS11 can achieve thermal efficiencies in excess of 30%. By utilizing the correct vapor compression refrigeration cycle to recover the waste heat and supply the waste heat to the KCS11, a portion of the waste heat can be recovered and utilized as a power source.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological and Thermodynamic Analysis of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Resources to Electricity Generation Using ORC and Kalina Cycle Technology
    energies Article Geological and Thermodynamic Analysis of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Resources to Electricity Generation Using ORC and Kalina Cycle Technology Michał Kaczmarczyk * , Barbara Tomaszewska and Leszek Paj ˛ak Department of Fossil Fuels, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] (B.T.); [email protected] (L.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 February 2020; Accepted: 12 March 2020; Published: 13 March 2020 Abstract: The article presents an assessment of the potential for using low enthalpy geothermal resources for electricity generation on the basis of the Małopolskie Voivodeship (southern Poland). Identification the locations providing the best prospects with the highest efficiency and possible gross power output. Thermodynamic calculations of power plants were based on data from several geothermal wells: the Ba´nskaPGP-1, Ba´nskaIG-1, Ba´nskaPGP-3 and Chochołów PIG-1 which are working wells located in one of the best geothermal reservoirs in Poland. As the temperature of geothermal waters from the wells does not exceed 86 ◦C, considerations include the use of binary technologies—the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and Kalina Cycle. The potential gross capacity calculated for existing geothermal wells will not exceed 900 kW for ORC and 1.6 MW for Kalina Cycle. In the case of gross electricity, the total production will not exceed 3.3 GWh/year using the ORC, and will not exceed 6.3 GWh/year for the Kalina Cycle. Keywords: geothermal resources; geothermal water; electricity generation; organic rankine cycle; kalina cycle; geological conditions 1.
    [Show full text]