Twenty Years Before the Mouse
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A the Hacker
A The Hacker Madame Curie once said “En science, nous devons nous int´eresser aux choses, non aux personnes [In science, we should be interested in things, not in people].” Things, however, have since changed, and today we have to be interested not just in the facts of computer security and crime, but in the people who perpetrate these acts. Hence this discussion of hackers. Over the centuries, the term “hacker” has referred to various activities. We are familiar with usages such as “a carpenter hacking wood with an ax” and “a butcher hacking meat with a cleaver,” but it seems that the modern, computer-related form of this term originated in the many pranks and practi- cal jokes perpetrated by students at MIT in the 1960s. As an example of the many meanings assigned to this term, see [Schneier 04] which, among much other information, explains why Galileo was a hacker but Aristotle wasn’t. A hack is a person lacking talent or ability, as in a “hack writer.” Hack as a verb is used in contexts such as “hack the media,” “hack your brain,” and “hack your reputation.” Recently, it has also come to mean either a kludge, or the opposite of a kludge, as in a clever or elegant solution to a difficult problem. A hack also means a simple but often inelegant solution or technique. The following tentative definitions are quoted from the jargon file ([jargon 04], edited by Eric S. Raymond): 1. A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary. -
Hacks, Cracks, and Crime: an Examination of the Subculture and Social Organization of Computer Hackers Thomas Jeffrey Holt University of Missouri-St
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Missouri, St. Louis University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 11-22-2005 Hacks, Cracks, and Crime: An Examination of the Subculture and Social Organization of Computer Hackers Thomas Jeffrey Holt University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Holt, Thomas Jeffrey, "Hacks, Cracks, and Crime: An Examination of the Subculture and Social Organization of Computer Hackers" (2005). Dissertations. 616. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/616 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hacks, Cracks, and Crime: An Examination of the Subculture and Social Organization of Computer Hackers by THOMAS J. HOLT M.A., Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri- St. Louis, 2003 B.A., Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri- St. Louis, 2000 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI- ST. LOUIS In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Criminology and Criminal Justice August, 2005 Advisory Committee Jody Miller, Ph. D. Chairperson Scott H. Decker, Ph. D. G. David Curry, Ph. D. Vicki Sauter, Ph. D. Copyright 2005 by Thomas Jeffrey Holt All Rights Reserved Holt, Thomas, 2005, UMSL, p. -
Virus Infection Techniques: Boot Record Viruses
Virus Infection Techniques: Boot Record Viruses Bill Harrison CS4440/7440 Malware Analysis and Defense Reading } Start reading Chapter 4 of Szor 2 Virus Infection Techniques } We will survey common locations of virus infections: MBR (Master Boot Record) Boot sector Executable files (*.EXE, *.COM, *.BAT, etc.) } Most of the examples of these viruses, especially the first two types, are from the DOS and floppy disk era 3 Why Study Older Viruses? } Vulnerabilities remain very similar over time, along with the means to exploit them and defend against them } Modern Internet worms differ mainly in the use of the internet for transport, and are otherwise similar to older viruses } Older viruses illustrate the virus vs. antivirus battle over many generations 4 Boot-up Infections and the PC Boot-up Sequence } PC boot-up sequence: 1. BIOS searches for boot device (might be a diskette, hard disk, or CD-ROM) 2. MBR (Master Boot Record) is read into memory from the beginning of the first disk partition; execution proceeds from memory 5 Master Boot Record Structure Boot-up Sequence cont’d. 3. Beginning of MBR has tiny code called the boot- strap loader 4. Data area within MBR has the disk PT (partition table) 5. Boot-strap loader reads PT and finds the active boot partition 6. Boot-strap loader loads the first sector of the active partition into memory and jumps to it; this is called the boot sector 7 Boot-up Sequence cont’d. } MBR is always at BIOS the very first sector of the hard MBR: Expanded View MBR Boot-strap loader code (446 disk (first 512 -
IBM X-Force Threat Insight Quarterly 2 X-Force Threat Insight Quarterly IBM Security Solutions
IBM Security Solutions May 2011 IBM X-Force Threat Insight Quarterly 2 X-Force Threat Insight Quarterly IBM Security Solutions Contents About the report 2 About the Report The IBM X-Force® Threat Insight Quarterly is designed to highlight some of the most significant threats and challenges 3 Evolution: From Nuisance to Weapon facing security professionals today. This report is a product of IBM Managed Security Services and the IBM X-Force 8 Prolific and Impacting Issues of Q1 2011 research and development team. Each issue focuses on specific challenges and provides a recap of the most significant recent 16 References online threats. IBM Managed Security Services are designed to help an organization improve its information security, by outsourcing security operations or supplementing your existing security teams. The IBM protection on-demand platform helps deliver Managed Security Services and the expertise, knowledge and infrastructure an organization needs to secure its information assets from Internet attacks. The X-Force team provides the foundation for a preemptive approach to Internet security. The X-Force team is one of the best-known commercial security research groups in the world. This group of security experts researches and evaluates vulnerabilities and security issues, develops assessment and countermeasure technology for IBM security products, and educates the public about emerging Internet threats. We welcome your feedback. Questions or comments regarding the content of this report should be addressed to [email protected]. 3 X-Force Threat Insight Quarterly IBM Security Solutions Evolution: From Nuisance to Weapon One of the more notable examples here is Brain3, a boot sector infector which originated in Pakistan and released in 1986, was Creeper, Wabbit, Animal, Elk Cloner, Brain, Vienna, Lehigh, one of the first examples of malware that infected PC’s running Stoned, Jerusalem. -
What Are Kernel-Mode Rootkits?
www.it-ebooks.info Hacking Exposed™ Malware & Rootkits Reviews “Accessible but not dumbed-down, this latest addition to the Hacking Exposed series is a stellar example of why this series remains one of the best-selling security franchises out there. System administrators and Average Joe computer users alike need to come to grips with the sophistication and stealth of modern malware, and this book calmly and clearly explains the threat.” —Brian Krebs, Reporter for The Washington Post and author of the Security Fix Blog “A harrowing guide to where the bad guys hide, and how you can find them.” —Dan Kaminsky, Director of Penetration Testing, IOActive, Inc. “The authors tackle malware, a deep and diverse issue in computer security, with common terms and relevant examples. Malware is a cold deadly tool in hacking; the authors address it openly, showing its capabilities with direct technical insight. The result is a good read that moves quickly, filling in the gaps even for the knowledgeable reader.” —Christopher Jordan, VP, Threat Intelligence, McAfee; Principal Investigator to DHS Botnet Research “Remember the end-of-semester review sessions where the instructor would go over everything from the whole term in just enough detail so you would understand all the key points, but also leave you with enough references to dig deeper where you wanted? Hacking Exposed Malware & Rootkits resembles this! A top-notch reference for novices and security professionals alike, this book provides just enough detail to explain the topics being presented, but not too much to dissuade those new to security.” —LTC Ron Dodge, U.S. -
Reversing Malware [Based on Material from the Textbook]
SoftWindows 11/23/05 Reversing Malware [based on material from the textbook] Reverse Engineering (Reversing Malware) © SERG What is Malware? • Malware (malicious software) is any program that works against the interest of the system’s user or owner. • Question: Is a program that spies on the web browsing habits of the employees of a company considered malware? • What if the CEO authorized the installation of the spying program? Reverse Engineering (Reversing Malware) © SERG Reversing Malware • Revering is the strongest weapon we have against the creators of malware. • Antivirus researchers engage in reversing in order to: – analyze the latest malware, – determine how dangerous the malware is, – learn the weaknesses of malware so that effective antivirus programs can be developed. Reverse Engineering (Reversing Malware) © SERG Distributed Objects 1 SoftWindows 11/23/05 Uses of Malware • Why do people develop and deploy malware? – Financial gain – Psychological urges and childish desires to “beat the system”. – Access private data – … Reverse Engineering (Reversing Malware) © SERG Typical Purposes of Malware • Backdoor access: – Attacker gains unlimited access to the machine. • Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks: – Infect a huge number of machines to try simultaneously to connect to a target server in hope of overwhelming it and making it crash. • Vandalism: – E.g., defacing a web site. • Resource Theft: – E.g., stealing other user’s computing and network resources, such as using your neighbors’ Wireless Network. • Information Theft: – E.g., stealing other user’s credit card numbers. Reverse Engineering (Reversing Malware) © SERG Types of Malware • Viruses • Worms • Trojan Horses • Backdoors • Mobile code • Adware • Sticky software Reverse Engineering (Reversing Malware) © SERG Distributed Objects 2 SoftWindows 11/23/05 Viruses • Viruses are self-replicating programs that usually have a malicious intent. -
Virus Bulletin, July 91
July 1991 ISSN 0956-9979 THE AUTHORITATIVE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION ON COMPUTER VIRUS PREVENTION, RECOGNITION AND REMOVAL Editor: Edward Wilding Technical Editor: Fridrik Skulason, University of Iceland Editorial Advisors: Jim Bates, Bates Associates, UK, Phil Crewe, Fingerprint, UK, David Ferbrache, ISIS Ltd., UK, Ray Glath, RG Software Inc., USA, Hans Gliss, Datenschutz Berater, West Germany, Ross M. Greenberg, Software Concepts Design, USA, Dr. Harold Joseph Highland, Compulit Microcomputer Security Evaluation Laboratory, USA, Dr. Jan Hruska, Sophos, UK, Dr. Keith Jackson, Walsham Contracts, UK, Owen Keane, Barrister, UK, John Laws, RSRE, UK, David T. Lindsay, Digital Equipment Corporation, UK, Yisrael Radai, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Martin Samociuk, Network Security Management, UK, John Sherwood, Sherwood Associates, UK, Prof. Eugene Spafford, Purdue University, USA, Dr. Peter Tippett, Certus International Corporation, USA, Dr. Ken Wong, PA Consulting Group, UK, Ken van Wyk, CERT, USA. CONTENTS SCANNER UPDATE IBM Triumphs Amidst the ‘Vapourware’ 34 EDITORIAL 2 Results Table 35 TECHNICAL NOTES 3 TUTORIAL PRODUCT REVIEWS Fixed Disk Boot Sectors and 1. SafeWord Virus-Safe 36 Post-Attack Recovery 5 2. Knoxcard: Anti-Virus Hardware 38 Virus Bulletin Education, Training & Awareness Presentations 9 3. Trend Micro Devices’ PC-cillin 40 LETTERS SHAREWARE REVIEW VB Signatures With IBM’s Virscan 10 PC Virus Index 42 Vetting Procedure 10 KNOWN IBM PC VIRUSES 12 END-NOTES & NEWS 44 VIRUS BULLETIN ©1991 Virus Bulletin Ltd, 21 The Quadrant, Abingdon Science Park, Oxon, OX14 3YS, England. Tel (+44) 235 555139. /90/$0.00+2.50 This bulletin is available only to qualified subscribers. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic, optical or photocopying, without the prior written permission of the publishers. -
Topics in Malware What Is Malware?
Topics in Malware What is Malware? • Malware (malicious software) is any program that works against the interest of the system’s user or owner. • Question: Is a program that spies on the web browsing habits of the employees of a company considered malware? • What if the CEO authorized the installation of the spying program? Uses of Malware • Why do people develop and deploy malware? – Financial gain – Psychological urges and childish desires to “beat the system”. – Access private data – … Typical purposes of Malware • Backdoor access: – Attacker gains unlimited access to the machine. • Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks: – Infect a huge number of machines to try simultaneously to connect to a target server in hope of overwhelming it and making it crash. • Vandalism: – E.g., defacing a web site. • Resource Theft: – E.g., stealing other user’s computing and network resources, such as using your neighbors’ Wireless Network. • Information Theft: – E.g., stealing other user’s credit card numbers. Types of Malware • Viruses • Worms • Trojan Horses • Backdoors • Mobile code • Adware • Sticky software Metamorphic viruses • Instead of encrypting the program’s body and making slight alterations in the decryption engine, alter the entire program each time it is replicated. • This makes it extremely difficult for antivirus writers to use signature-matching techniques to identify malware. • Metamorphism requires a powerful code analysis engine that needs to be embedded into the malware. Metamorphic viruses: Operation • Metamorphic engine scans the code and generates a different version of it every time the program is duplicated. • The metamorphic engine performs a wide variety of transformations on the malware and on the engine itself. -
Virus Bulletin, February 1991
February 1991 ISSN 0956-9979 THE AUTHORITATIVE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION ON COMPUTER VIRUS PREVENTION, RECOGNITION AND REMOVAL Editor: Edward Wilding Technical Editor: Fridrik Skulason, University of Iceland Editorial Advisors: Jim Bates, Bates Associates, UK, Phil Crewe, Fingerprint, UK, Dr. Jon David, USA, David Ferbrache, Information Systems Integrity & Security Ltd., UK, Ray Glath, RG Software Inc., USA, Hans Gliss, Datenschutz Berater, West Germany, Ross M. Greenberg, Software Concepts Design, USA, Dr. Harold Joseph Highland, Compulit Microcomputer Security Evaluation Laboratory, USA, Dr. Jan Hruska, Sophos, UK, Dr. Keith Jackson, Walsham Contracts, UK, Owen Keane, Barrister, UK, Yisrael Radai, Hebrew University, Israel, John Laws, RSRE, UK, David T. Lindsay, Digital Equipment Corporation, UK, Martin Samociuk, Network Security Management, UK, John Sherwood, Sherwood Associates, UK, Dr. Peter Tippett, Certus International Corporation, USA, Dr. Ken Wong, PA Consulting Group, UK, Ken van Wyk, CERT, USA. CONTENTS IBM PC VIRUSES (UPDATE) 8 COUNTERMEASURES EDITORIAL 2 A Backup Strategy Based on TECHNICAL NOTES Risk Analysis 9 The Write-Protected System Floppy Disk 2 VIRUS ANALYSES Education Training and 1. Beijing 11 Awareness Presentations 3 2. Aircop 12 Direct Port Access 3 3. Faust 14 The Kamikaze Virus 4 4. LoveChild 16 Overlay Files 5 The Virus ‘Underground’ 5 PRODUCT REVIEW Turbo Anti-Virus 18 INVESTIGATION The Search for Den Zuk 6 END-NOTES & NEWS 20 VIRUS BULLETIN ©1991 Virus Bulletin Ltd, 21 The Quadrant, Abingdon Science Park, Oxon, OX14 3YS, England. Tel (+44) 235 555139. /90/$0.00+2.50 This bulletin is available only to qualified subscribers. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic, optical or photocopying, without the prior written permission of the publishers. -
CIAC 2301 Virus Update May 1998
Department of Energy CIAC UCRL-MA-115896 Rev. 6 Computer Incident Advisory Capability Virus Information Update CIAC-2301 Gizzing H. Khanaka William J. Orvis May 21, 1998 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Prices available from (615) 576-8401, FTS 626-8401. Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Rd. Springfield, VA 22161 CIAC is the U.S. Department of Energy’s Computer Incident Advisory Capability. Established in 1989, shortly after the Internet Worm, CIAC provides various computer security services to employees and contractors of the DOE, such as: • Incident Handling consulting • Computer Security Information • On-site Workshops • White-hat Audits CIAC is located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and is a part of its Computer Security Technology Center. -
Virus Bulletin, August 1993
August 1993 ISSN 0956-9979 THE AUTHORITATIVE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION ON COMPUTER VIRUS PREVENTION, RECOGNITION AND REMOVAL Editor: Richard Ford Technical Editor: Fridrik Skulason Consulting Editor: Edward Wilding, Network Security Management, UK Advisory Board: Jim Bates, Bates Associates, UK, David M. Chess, IBM Research, USA, Phil Crewe, Ziff-Davis, UK, David Ferbrache, Defence Research Agency, UK, Ray Glath, RG Software Inc., USA, Hans Gliss, Datenschutz Berater, West Germany, Igor Grebert, McAfee Associates, USA, Ross M. Greenberg, Software Concepts Design, USA, Dr. Harold Joseph Highland, Compulit Microcomputer Security Evaluation Laboratory, USA, Dr. Jan Hruska, Sophos, UK, Dr. Keith Jackson, Walsham Contracts, UK, Owen Keane, Barrister, UK, John Laws, Defence Research Agency, UK, Dr. Tony Pitt, Digital Equipment Corporation, UK, Yisrael Radai, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Roger Riordan, Cybec Pty, Australia, Martin Samociuk, Network Security Management, UK, John Sherwood, Sherwood Associates, UK, Prof. Eugene Spafford, Purdue University, USA, Dr. Peter Tippett, Symantec Corporation, USA, Steve R. White, IBM Research, USA, Joseph Wells, Symantec Corporation, USA, Dr. Ken Wong, PA Consulting Group, UK, Ken van Wyk, CERT, USA. CONTENTS VIRUS ANALYSES 1. Daemaen: Multi-multipartism 9 EDITORIAL 2. 8888 - The Poor Man’s Commander Bomber 12 Crime and Punishment 2 ROGUES’ GALLERY VIRUS PREVALENCE TABLE 3 Keep It To Yourself 14 NEWS Storing Up Trouble 3 PRODUCT REVIEW 40Hex Print DAME Source code... 3 Better CPAV than CPAV? 16 Crown Wins Logic Bomb Case 3 COMPARATIVE REVIEW IBM PC VIRUSES (UPDATE) 4 OS/2 Virus Protection 20 INSIGHT Getting to the Point 7 END NOTES & NEWS 24 VIRUS BULLETIN ©1993 Virus Bulletin Ltd, 21 The Quadrant, Abingdon Science Park, Oxon, OX14 3YS, England. -
The Ultimate Cybersecurity Guide for the It Professional
THE ULTIMATE CYBERSECURITY GUIDE FOR THE IT PROFESSIONAL { 01101000 01110100 01110100 01110000 01110011 00111010 00101111 00101111 01110111 01110111 01110111 00101110 01100011 01100001 01110010 01100010 01101111 01101110 01100010 01101100 01100001 01100011 01101011 00101110 01100011 01101111 01101101 } THE ULTIMATE CYBERSECURITY GUIDE FOR THE IT PROFESSIONAL 2019 Welcome to our comprehensive guide on the basics of cybersecurity. Whether you've been in IT for a long time or are just starting out, there is an expectation that everyone in IT should have some degree of expo- sure to InfoSec. A good way to do that is to learn from and get connected in the community. Cybersecurity is a fascinating and rapidly evolving area of IT. And those that are involved are friendly people who care passionately about keeping us all safe. With information from over 150 sourced references, and personal input from The Howler Hub community of security experts, this guide contains the key information to help you: • Understand key concepts that drive the security professional. • Learn a common language to engage with cybersecurity professionals. • Connect with sources to stay up-to-date on this evolving field. • Engage with cybersecurity experts and the threat hunting community at large. CONTENTS 01 02 03 History of Attackers + Common Cybersecurity Their Motives Attacks <pg num="001" /> <pg num="005" /> <pg num="007" /> 04 05 06 Terms to Know Experts to Blogs to Read <pg num="009" /> Follow <pg num="014" /> <pg num="013" /> 07 08 09 Events to Books to Read Movies + Shows Attend <pg num="017" /> to Watch <pg num="015" /> <pg num="019" /> 10 11 12 Communities Become a References to Engage Threat Hunter <pg num="023" /> <pg num="021" /> <pg num="022" /> 13 Appendices <pg num="024" /> <pg num="001" /> SEC.