Reversing Malware [Based on Material from the Textbook]
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Tangled Web : Tales of Digital Crime from the Shadows of Cyberspace
TANGLED WEB Tales of Digital Crime from the Shadows of Cyberspace RICHARD POWER A Division of Macmillan USA 201 West 103rd Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46290 Tangled Web: Tales of Digital Crime Associate Publisher from the Shadows of Cyberspace Tracy Dunkelberger Copyright 2000 by Que Corporation Acquisitions Editor All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a Kathryn Purdum retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, pho- Development Editor tocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Hugh Vandivier publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the infor- mation contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the Managing Editor preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility Thomas Hayes for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Project Editor International Standard Book Number: 0-7897-2443-x Tonya Simpson Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 00-106209 Copy Editor Printed in the United States of America Michael Dietsch First Printing: September 2000 Indexer 02 01 00 4 3 2 Erika Millen Trademarks Proofreader Benjamin Berg All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or ser- vice marks have been appropriately capitalized. Que Corporation cannot Team Coordinator attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should Vicki Harding not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Design Manager Warning and Disclaimer Sandra Schroeder Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate Cover Designer as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. -
The Norman Book on Computer Viruses Ii Z the Norman Book on Computer Viruses
The Norman Book on Computer Viruses ii z The Norman Book on Computer Viruses Norman ASA is not liable for any other form of loss or damage arising from use of the documentation or from errors or deficiencies therein, including but not limited to loss of earnings. In particular, and without the limitations imposed by the licensing agreement with regard to any special use or purpose, Norman ASA will in no event be liable for loss of profits or other commercial damage including but not limited to incidental or consequential damages. The information in this document as well as the functionality of the software is subject to change without notice. No part of this documentation may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or information storage and retrieval systems, for any purpose other than the purchaser's personal use, without the explicit written permission of Norman ASA. Contributors to The Norman Book on Viruses: Snorre Fagerland, Sylvia Moon, Kenneth Walls, Carl Bretteville Edited by Camilla Jaquet and Yngve Ness The Norman logo is a registered trademark of Norman ASA. Names of products mentioned in this documentation are either trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. They are mentioned for identification purposes only. Norman documentation is Copyright © 1990-2002 Norman ASA. All rights reserved. October 2001 Copyright © 1990-2002 Norman z iii Norman Offices Norman Data Defense Systems Pty Ltd 6 Sarton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168 Australia. Tel: +61 3 9562 7655 Fax: +61 3 9562 9663 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.norman.com.au Norman Data Defense Systems A/S Dronningensgade 23, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark Tel. -
UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Teen Pani Bypass Road, Near Transport Nagar, Haldwani -263139 Phone No- 05946 - 261122, 261123 Toll Free No
CYBER CRIMES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN CYBERSPACE CYL-104 [1] CYL- 104 Cyber Crimes And Consumer Protection in Cyber Space School of Law UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Teen Pani Bypass Road, Near Transport Nagar, Haldwani -263139 Phone No- 05946 - 261122, 261123 Toll Free No. 18001804025 Fax No.- 05946-264232, Email- [email protected], http://uou.ac.in Uttarakhand Open University CYBER CRIMES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN CYBERSPACE CYL-104 [2] BOARD OF STUDIES Professor Girija Prasad Pande, Director, School of Law, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Nainital. Professor J.S.Bisht, Faculty of Law,S.S. Jeena Campus, Almora,Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand. Professor B.P. Maithani, Former RTI Advisor, Government of Uttarakhand Mr. Deepankur Joshi, Coordinator School of Law, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, (Nainital). UNIT WRITING UNIT WRITERS UNIT [1] Dr. Razit Sharma, Assistant Professor, Unit- 1,2,3,4 Law College, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun Uttarakhand [2] Ms. Sapna Agarwal, Advocate High Court of Uttarakhand, Unit- 5,6,7 Nainital [3 Mr. Rajeev Bhatt, Advocate High Court of Uttarakhand, Ex. RTI Advisor Kumaun University Nainital, Ex. Assistant Professor Unity Unit- 8 ,9,10 Law College Rudrapur [4] Dr. Sushim Shukla, Assistant Professor, Unit- 11, 12, 13 Law College, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun Uttarakhand EDITOR Mr. Deepankur Joshi, Coordinator, School of Law, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, (Nainital) Copyright © Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Nainital Edition- 2018, Pre Publication copy for Limited Circulation ISBN- Publication- Directorate of Studies and Publication, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Nainital. E- Mail: [email protected] . Uttarakhand Open University CYBER CRIMES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN CYBERSPACE CYL-104 [3] POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN CYBER LAW CYL- 104 CYBERCRIMES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN CYBER SPACE INDEX S. -
"Year 2000 Y2K" December 28, 1999
NIPC ADVISORY 99-031 "Year 2000 Y2K" December 28, 1999 Introduction Large-scale U.S. infrastructure disruptions are not expected from "Y2K failures" during the Y2K transition period. However we are prepared for a possible increase in real or reported criminal cyber activity (such as hacking and spreading computer viruses), considering the heightened awareness of and media focus on malicious activity during the Y2K period. Any increased criminal activity during the Y2K period could raise the level of problems in infrastructure systems, adding to genuine Y2K-generated issues and the normal level of infrastructure concerns. We anticipate encountering both known and new viruses and hacking exploits. We could see the dissemination of several new and possibly destructive viruses, and the successful exploitation of both corporate and government information systems. But even these possibilities reflect only a larger assembly of the same kinds of malicious activity seen and addressed every day. Finally, known and possible extremist or apocalyptic terrorist activity in the United States by individuals or groups suggests the possibility of threats to domestic infrastructures. For example, the media have reported arrests of certain individuals allegedly planning violent actions against electric power and oil and gas facilities. These indications of possible threats to our infrastructures warrant an increased vigilance to protect against both cyber and physical threats to our nation's critical infrastructures. Summary The Y2K Transition might be seen by potential malefactors as an unprecedented opportunity for malicious code release and associated publicity, where a new and significant exploit can achieve a widespread notoriety in the information security and hacker world. -
Chapter 3: Viruses, Worms, and Blended Threats
Chapter 3 Chapter 3: Viruses, Worms, and Blended Threats.........................................................................46 Evolution of Viruses and Countermeasures...................................................................................46 The Early Days of Viruses.................................................................................................47 Beyond Annoyance: The Proliferation of Destructive Viruses .........................................48 Wiping Out Hard Drives—CIH Virus ...................................................................48 Virus Programming for the Masses 1: Macro Viruses...........................................48 Virus Programming for the Masses 2: Virus Generators.......................................50 Evolving Threats, Evolving Countermeasures ..................................................................51 Detecting Viruses...................................................................................................51 Radical Evolution—Polymorphic and Metamorphic Viruses ...............................53 Detecting Complex Viruses ...................................................................................55 State of Virus Detection.........................................................................................55 Trends in Virus Evolution..................................................................................................56 Worms and Vulnerabilities ............................................................................................................57 -
IBM X-Force Threat Insight Quarterly 2 X-Force Threat Insight Quarterly IBM Security Solutions
IBM Security Solutions May 2011 IBM X-Force Threat Insight Quarterly 2 X-Force Threat Insight Quarterly IBM Security Solutions Contents About the report 2 About the Report The IBM X-Force® Threat Insight Quarterly is designed to highlight some of the most significant threats and challenges 3 Evolution: From Nuisance to Weapon facing security professionals today. This report is a product of IBM Managed Security Services and the IBM X-Force 8 Prolific and Impacting Issues of Q1 2011 research and development team. Each issue focuses on specific challenges and provides a recap of the most significant recent 16 References online threats. IBM Managed Security Services are designed to help an organization improve its information security, by outsourcing security operations or supplementing your existing security teams. The IBM protection on-demand platform helps deliver Managed Security Services and the expertise, knowledge and infrastructure an organization needs to secure its information assets from Internet attacks. The X-Force team provides the foundation for a preemptive approach to Internet security. The X-Force team is one of the best-known commercial security research groups in the world. This group of security experts researches and evaluates vulnerabilities and security issues, develops assessment and countermeasure technology for IBM security products, and educates the public about emerging Internet threats. We welcome your feedback. Questions or comments regarding the content of this report should be addressed to [email protected]. 3 X-Force Threat Insight Quarterly IBM Security Solutions Evolution: From Nuisance to Weapon One of the more notable examples here is Brain3, a boot sector infector which originated in Pakistan and released in 1986, was Creeper, Wabbit, Animal, Elk Cloner, Brain, Vienna, Lehigh, one of the first examples of malware that infected PC’s running Stoned, Jerusalem. -
What Are Kernel-Mode Rootkits?
www.it-ebooks.info Hacking Exposed™ Malware & Rootkits Reviews “Accessible but not dumbed-down, this latest addition to the Hacking Exposed series is a stellar example of why this series remains one of the best-selling security franchises out there. System administrators and Average Joe computer users alike need to come to grips with the sophistication and stealth of modern malware, and this book calmly and clearly explains the threat.” —Brian Krebs, Reporter for The Washington Post and author of the Security Fix Blog “A harrowing guide to where the bad guys hide, and how you can find them.” —Dan Kaminsky, Director of Penetration Testing, IOActive, Inc. “The authors tackle malware, a deep and diverse issue in computer security, with common terms and relevant examples. Malware is a cold deadly tool in hacking; the authors address it openly, showing its capabilities with direct technical insight. The result is a good read that moves quickly, filling in the gaps even for the knowledgeable reader.” —Christopher Jordan, VP, Threat Intelligence, McAfee; Principal Investigator to DHS Botnet Research “Remember the end-of-semester review sessions where the instructor would go over everything from the whole term in just enough detail so you would understand all the key points, but also leave you with enough references to dig deeper where you wanted? Hacking Exposed Malware & Rootkits resembles this! A top-notch reference for novices and security professionals alike, this book provides just enough detail to explain the topics being presented, but not too much to dissuade those new to security.” —LTC Ron Dodge, U.S. -
Virus Bulletin, July 91
July 1991 ISSN 0956-9979 THE AUTHORITATIVE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION ON COMPUTER VIRUS PREVENTION, RECOGNITION AND REMOVAL Editor: Edward Wilding Technical Editor: Fridrik Skulason, University of Iceland Editorial Advisors: Jim Bates, Bates Associates, UK, Phil Crewe, Fingerprint, UK, David Ferbrache, ISIS Ltd., UK, Ray Glath, RG Software Inc., USA, Hans Gliss, Datenschutz Berater, West Germany, Ross M. Greenberg, Software Concepts Design, USA, Dr. Harold Joseph Highland, Compulit Microcomputer Security Evaluation Laboratory, USA, Dr. Jan Hruska, Sophos, UK, Dr. Keith Jackson, Walsham Contracts, UK, Owen Keane, Barrister, UK, John Laws, RSRE, UK, David T. Lindsay, Digital Equipment Corporation, UK, Yisrael Radai, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Martin Samociuk, Network Security Management, UK, John Sherwood, Sherwood Associates, UK, Prof. Eugene Spafford, Purdue University, USA, Dr. Peter Tippett, Certus International Corporation, USA, Dr. Ken Wong, PA Consulting Group, UK, Ken van Wyk, CERT, USA. CONTENTS SCANNER UPDATE IBM Triumphs Amidst the ‘Vapourware’ 34 EDITORIAL 2 Results Table 35 TECHNICAL NOTES 3 TUTORIAL PRODUCT REVIEWS Fixed Disk Boot Sectors and 1. SafeWord Virus-Safe 36 Post-Attack Recovery 5 2. Knoxcard: Anti-Virus Hardware 38 Virus Bulletin Education, Training & Awareness Presentations 9 3. Trend Micro Devices’ PC-cillin 40 LETTERS SHAREWARE REVIEW VB Signatures With IBM’s Virscan 10 PC Virus Index 42 Vetting Procedure 10 KNOWN IBM PC VIRUSES 12 END-NOTES & NEWS 44 VIRUS BULLETIN ©1991 Virus Bulletin Ltd, 21 The Quadrant, Abingdon Science Park, Oxon, OX14 3YS, England. Tel (+44) 235 555139. /90/$0.00+2.50 This bulletin is available only to qualified subscribers. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic, optical or photocopying, without the prior written permission of the publishers. -
Topics in Malware What Is Malware?
Topics in Malware What is Malware? • Malware (malicious software) is any program that works against the interest of the system’s user or owner. • Question: Is a program that spies on the web browsing habits of the employees of a company considered malware? • What if the CEO authorized the installation of the spying program? Uses of Malware • Why do people develop and deploy malware? – Financial gain – Psychological urges and childish desires to “beat the system”. – Access private data – … Typical purposes of Malware • Backdoor access: – Attacker gains unlimited access to the machine. • Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks: – Infect a huge number of machines to try simultaneously to connect to a target server in hope of overwhelming it and making it crash. • Vandalism: – E.g., defacing a web site. • Resource Theft: – E.g., stealing other user’s computing and network resources, such as using your neighbors’ Wireless Network. • Information Theft: – E.g., stealing other user’s credit card numbers. Types of Malware • Viruses • Worms • Trojan Horses • Backdoors • Mobile code • Adware • Sticky software Metamorphic viruses • Instead of encrypting the program’s body and making slight alterations in the decryption engine, alter the entire program each time it is replicated. • This makes it extremely difficult for antivirus writers to use signature-matching techniques to identify malware. • Metamorphism requires a powerful code analysis engine that needs to be embedded into the malware. Metamorphic viruses: Operation • Metamorphic engine scans the code and generates a different version of it every time the program is duplicated. • The metamorphic engine performs a wide variety of transformations on the malware and on the engine itself. -
TCP SYN-ACK) to Spoofed IP Addresses
Joint Japan-India Workshop on Cyber Security and Services/Applications for M2M and Fourteenth GISFI Standardization Series Meeting How to secure the network - Darknet based cyber-security technologies for global monitoring and analysis Koji NAKAO Research Executive Director, Distinguished Researcher, NICT Information Security Fellow, KDDI Outline of NICT Mission As the sole national research institute in the information and communications field, we as NICT will strive to advance national technologies and contribute to national policies in the field, by promoting our own research and development and by cooperating with and supporting outside parties. Collaboration between Industry, Academic Institutions and Government R&D carried out by NICT’s researchers Budget (FY 2012): approx. 31.45 Billion Yen (420 Million US$) Personnel: 849 Researchers: 517 PhDs: 410 R&D assistance (as of April 2012) to industry and life convenient Japan Standard Time and academia Space Weather Forecast services Forecast Weather Space of the global community community global the of Growth of Economy of Japanese Growth Promotion of ICT a more for Security and Safety businesses Interaction with National ICT Policy problems major solve to Contribution 2 Internet Security Days 2012 Network Security Research Institute Collabor • Cyber attack monitoring, tracking, • Dynamic and optimal deployment of ation security functions analysis, response and prevention New GenerationNetwork Security • Prompt promotion of outcomes • Secure new generation network design Security Cybersecurity Architecture Laboratory Security Organizations Laboratory Daisuke Inoue Shin’ichiro Matsuo Kazumasa Taira Koji Nakao (Director General) (Distinguished Researcher) Security • Security evaluation of cryptography Fundamentals • Practical security • Post quantum cryptography Laboratory • Quantum security Shiho Moriai Recommendations for Cryptographic Algorithms and Key Lengths to Japan e-Government and SDOs 3 Internet Security Days 2012 Content for Today • Current Security Threats (e.g. -
Deeppanda Paging Dr. Smith Melissa L. Markey, Esq
DeepPanda Paging Dr. Smith Melissa L. Markey, Esq. Hall, Render, Killian, Heath & Lyman, PC 1512 Larimer Street Suite 300 Denver CO 80202 248-310-4876 1 A Brief Introduction… Data Breaches © Hall, Render, Killian, Heath & Lyman, P.C. The Threats Ransomware Identity Theft Business Email Cyberstalking Compromise Fraud, Extortion, Phishing/Whaling/ etc. Vishing/Pharming DDoS attacks Spoofing Social Engineering Botnets Fileless Attacks Malware Medjacking Logic Bombs Dronejacking Trojans, Worms, Viruses The Players FBI/Cyber Action Teams Department of Justice DoD/DCIS Secret Service Electronic Crimes Task Force US Postal Inspection Service Internet Safety Enforcement Team AG State Police Local Police Interpol FTC ATF Internet Crime Complaint Center Is This Real? How real is the threat of cybercrime against a healthcare provider? Sometimes the healthcare provider is the target Healthcare providers are a treasure-trove of ID theft information Celebrity patients, public health emergencies… all are fodder for the media Healthcare has all the best data Sometimes the healthcare provider is just collateral damage Lots of computers to be taken over by a botnet Because it's there… Hospital as a Target Israeli Hospital Hacked Infections Shut Down Services A Reader’s Comment: “…It's the computer system that has a virus not the doctor. The patient knows what time their appointment's for and may already have arranged to take time off work. The doctor knows what time they have a clinic…..” “…a hospital should not be totally dependent on functioning IT systems. It sounds like the decision of an administrator totally divorced from any perception of patients' circumstances…” It’s More Than The EMR… It’s More Than The EMR… Hospitals as Collateral Damage Health care as a target: A piece of critical infrastructure Not an Effective Security Stance Motivations Data Breaches © Hall, Render, Killian, Heath & Lyman, P.C. -
Virus Bulletin, February 1991
February 1991 ISSN 0956-9979 THE AUTHORITATIVE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION ON COMPUTER VIRUS PREVENTION, RECOGNITION AND REMOVAL Editor: Edward Wilding Technical Editor: Fridrik Skulason, University of Iceland Editorial Advisors: Jim Bates, Bates Associates, UK, Phil Crewe, Fingerprint, UK, Dr. Jon David, USA, David Ferbrache, Information Systems Integrity & Security Ltd., UK, Ray Glath, RG Software Inc., USA, Hans Gliss, Datenschutz Berater, West Germany, Ross M. Greenberg, Software Concepts Design, USA, Dr. Harold Joseph Highland, Compulit Microcomputer Security Evaluation Laboratory, USA, Dr. Jan Hruska, Sophos, UK, Dr. Keith Jackson, Walsham Contracts, UK, Owen Keane, Barrister, UK, Yisrael Radai, Hebrew University, Israel, John Laws, RSRE, UK, David T. Lindsay, Digital Equipment Corporation, UK, Martin Samociuk, Network Security Management, UK, John Sherwood, Sherwood Associates, UK, Dr. Peter Tippett, Certus International Corporation, USA, Dr. Ken Wong, PA Consulting Group, UK, Ken van Wyk, CERT, USA. CONTENTS IBM PC VIRUSES (UPDATE) 8 COUNTERMEASURES EDITORIAL 2 A Backup Strategy Based on TECHNICAL NOTES Risk Analysis 9 The Write-Protected System Floppy Disk 2 VIRUS ANALYSES Education Training and 1. Beijing 11 Awareness Presentations 3 2. Aircop 12 Direct Port Access 3 3. Faust 14 The Kamikaze Virus 4 4. LoveChild 16 Overlay Files 5 The Virus ‘Underground’ 5 PRODUCT REVIEW Turbo Anti-Virus 18 INVESTIGATION The Search for Den Zuk 6 END-NOTES & NEWS 20 VIRUS BULLETIN ©1991 Virus Bulletin Ltd, 21 The Quadrant, Abingdon Science Park, Oxon, OX14 3YS, England. Tel (+44) 235 555139. /90/$0.00+2.50 This bulletin is available only to qualified subscribers. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic, optical or photocopying, without the prior written permission of the publishers.