Of Minor Mineral (Stone) Department of Mines And

Home , Dhalbhum, Musabani, Singhbhum district

OF MINOR MINERAL (STONE) (EXCEPT RIVER SAND)

PREPARED AS PER ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) NOTIFICATION, 2006 ISSUED UNDER ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT 1986 BY DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND GEOLOGY District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

PREFACE

On January 15th 2016, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change, Government of India issued a notification and in which Para 7(iii) (a) and Annexure X purpose and structure of District Survey Report has been discussed. District Survey report (DSR) will be prepared in every district for each minor mineral.

The District Survey Report will guide systematic and scientific utilization of natural resources, so that present and future generation may be benefitted at large. The main purpose of preparation of District Survey Report is to identify the mineral resources and develop the mining activities along with relevant current geological data of the District.

The District Survey report (DSR) will contain mainly data published and endorsed by various departments. Details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with mining and revenue of minerals.

This report will act as a compendium available mineral resources, geological set up, environmental set up and ecological set up of the district. This report also contains details of Forest, Rivers, Soil, Agriculture, Road, Transportation and climate etc. The main purpose of preparation of District Survey Report is to identify the mineral resources and developing the mining activities in the district.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

INTRODUCTION: - East Singhbhum district is situated at the southeast corner of Jharkhand. It has been formed after isolating nine block from old Singhbhum on 16th January 1990.From the industrial growth and mining quarrying point of view this district has leading position in Jharkhand. Before independence the entire area of East Singhbhum district was part of old Manbhum district and old Dhalbhum estate. After independence it has been merged with greater Singhbhum. The total geographical area of district is about 3533 Sq. kms, which is about 2.03% of the whole state. About 53% of the total area of district is covered by residual mountains and hills consisting of granite, gneiss, schist. It is a part of Chhotanagpur plateau.The Dalma range extends from west to east covered by dense forest on the northern side.The Subernarekha river flows from west to south-east direction.The district is rich in minerals and these are found abundantly.

From the administrative point of view this district has been divided into two Sub-Division Dhalbhum and Ghatshila.The district consists of eleven blocks namely Golmuri-cum-Jugsalai(Jamshedpur), Potka, Patamda and Boram in Dhalbhum Sub-Division and Ghatshila, Musabani, Dumaria, Baharagora, Dhalbhumgarh, Chakulia and Gurabandha in Ghatshila Sub-Division.There are 231 Panchayat and about 1810 revenue villages out of which 1669 Revenue Villages are inhabited and rest 141 Revenue villages are unhabitated.The Head Quarter of this district is Jamshedpur.

The Climate of the district is temperate. Annual rainfall is 1200 mm to 1400 mm. This area comes under the path of south-west monsoon so sometimes it receive heavy rain during July to September,During the summer season maximum temperature goes up to 40-45 degree centigrade whereas in winter it has recorded a minimum 8 degree centigrade. The district is rich in minerals and is found abundantly. Iron Ore, Copper, Uranium, Gold Kynite are the main minerals.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY IN DISTRICT: The mineral resources of East Singhbhum have played a great role in industrialization, social and economic development of the district. East Singhbhum is rich in minerals such as: Major Minerals  Iron Ore  Manganese Ore  Copper  Uranium  Gold  Emerald  Kyanite  Pyroxenite  Quartzite  Coal Minor minerals  Sand  Stone  Quartz  Quartzite  Pyroxenite  Clay

Details of Mining Leases: - Types of Minerals Total Lease Working Temporarily Discontinued Major Mineral (Non-Coal) 11 01 10 Major Mineral (Coal) 01 00 01 Minor Mineral 168 33 135

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Details of Major Minerals

Name of Minerals Sl No. Name of Lessee Area (Ha) Copper 1. Hindustan Copper Ltd., Surda Mines 388.68 Ha Copper 2. Hindustan Copper Ltd. , Kendadih Mines 1139.6 Ha Copper 3. Hindustan Copper Ltd. , Rakha Mines 785.091 Ha Kynite 4. Jharkhand State Mineral Dev.Corporation 20.33 Ha Kynite 5. Jharkhand State Mineral Dev.Corporation 68.15 Ha Gold 6. M/s Manmohan Mineral Ind. Pvt. Ltd. 19.50 Ha Uranium 7. M/s Uranium Corpn. Of India Ltd., Narwapahar Mines 456.60 Ha Uranium 8. M/s Uranium Corpn. Of India Ltd., Turamdih Mines 225.48 Ha Uranium 9. M/s Uranium Corpn. Of India Ltd., Banduhurag Mine (Addl.) 102.56 Ha Uranium 10. M/s Uranium Corpn. Of India Ltd., Banduhurag Mine 175.40 Ha Uranium 11. M/s Uranium Corpn. Of India Ltd., Bagjata Mine 122.68 Ha Uranium 12. M/s Uranium Corpn. Of India Ltd., Jaduguda Mine 531.21 Ha Kynite 13. Smt. Nirmala Bala Giri. 7.22 Ha

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT:

Geography: The total geographical area of the district is 3533 Sq.Km. Which form about 2.03 % of the whole state. About 53% of the total area of the district is covered by residual mountains and hills consisting granite, gneiss, schist and basalt rocks. It is a part of Chhotanagpur plateau of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphosed rocks of Dharwarian period are found everywhere. The Dalma range is as main hill has been extended from west to East covered by dense forest. The Subernarekha river flows from west to south-east direction. All the tributaries of this area meet with the Subernarekha river. Generally, the height of this area is 700 ft. to 3100 ft. above sea level.

Location (Limiting Coordinates)

0 0  Longitudinal Extent : 86 04’ - 86 54’ East 0 0  Latitudinal Extent : 22 12’ - 23 01’ North

District Boundaries  East: Midnapur District (West Bengal)  West: Seraikella-Kharsawan (Jharkhand)  North: Purulia District (West Bengal)  South: Mayurbhanj District (Orissa)

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Administrative Setup

The Deputy Commissioner is the head of District administration. He also acts as the Collector in case of Revenue matters, as District Development Commissioner in case of District Developmental works, as District Magistrate in case of maintenance of Law and Order and General Administration, as District Election Officer in case of conduct of Election. He is assisted by Sub Divisional Magistrate heading a sub division. Administrative Setup Includes: Collectorate Subdivision Blocks Panchayats

Connectivity:-

 The nearest Domestic Airport is Sonari Airport, located in the city Jamshedpur. Another Airport is Birsa Munda Airport, Ranchi. Ranchi is approx 120 km far from Jamshedpur City.  The railway station named Tata Nagar is located in the City, and well connected.  District is well connected to other parts of the country via roadways. National Highway 2, 6 and 33 passes through Jamshedpur and connects it to Kharagpur and Kolkata.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Demography:-

A. Tehsil wise pollution of district (Year 2011) S. No. Tehsil Total Rural Urban 1. Patamda 82876 82876 0 2. Boram 69013 69013 0 3. Golmuri-CumJugsalai 1260201 102623 1157578 4. Ghatshila 129905 89281 40624 5. Potka 199612 189127 10485 6. Musabani 107084 57486 49598 7. Dumaria 62128 62128 0 8. Dhalbhumgarh 61932 61932 0 9. Gurbandha 43001 43001 0 10. Chakulia 125116 108810 16306 11. Baharagora 153051 153051 0 12. Total District 2293919 1019328 1274591

B. Tehsil wise sex ration of district (Year 2011) S. No. Tehsil Total Rural Urban 1. Patamda 985 985 0 2. Boram 964 964 0 3. Golmuri-CumJugsalai 926 965 922 4. Ghatshila 971 984 943 5. Potka 998 999 972 6. Musabani 974 1006 938 7. Dumaria 1001 1001 0 8. Dhalbhumgarh 978 978 0 9. Gurbandha 981 981 0 10. Chakulia 976 980 952 11. Baharagora 960 960 0 12. Total District 949 981 924

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Language

The languages in Purbi Singhbhum mostly come from three distinct stocks. One is the Munda family of languages which includes Ho, Mundari. Santhali, Mahili, Bhumij and Kharia. The other is the Dravidian family of languages which includes Oraon, Telugu, Tamil and Gondi. The rest are of the Indo-Aryan stock which includes Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Oriya, Gujrati, Nepali, Marwari, Punjabi, etc. On account of the cosmopolitan character of the Urban population of Jamshedpur and the other industrial concerns distributed over the district there is a sprinkling of people speaking some of the European languages.

Climate The year may be divided into three seasons, the winter season from November to February, the Summer season from March to May, and rainy season from June to October. The cold season is delightful while it is unpleasantly hot in the summer season with the hot westerly winds prevailing. Rainfall is the highest in the months of July and August. December and January are the coldest months, while April and May are the hottest. Annual rainfall is 1200 mm to 1400 mm. During the summer seasons maximum temperature goes up 400C to 450C whereas in winter it has recorded a minimum of 80C.

Industry Directory

1. Tata Steel - Sakchi,Jamshedpur -product (Iron) 2. Tata Motor, Jamshedpur - product (Motor) 3. The Tinplate Company India Ltd.(TINPLATE) - Golmuri , Jamshedpur - product (Tina) 4. Tata Robins Frzer(TRF) - Burmamines , Jamshedpur - Product ( ) 5. Telcon, 6. Timken India , Sidhgora , Jamshedpur -Product (Bearing) 7. Indian Cable (INCAB) - Golmuri, Jamshedpur - Product (Cable) 8. I.S.W.P. 9. Lafarge Cement - Govindpur, Jamshedpur - Product( Cement) 10. Tata Power , Govindpur, Jamshedpur -Product (Power) 11. Tata Pigment - Bistupur , Jamshedpur- Product() 12. Tata Rayrson - Sidhgora, Jamshedpur -Product() 13. Uranium Corporation India Limited (UCIL) - Jadugora,Jamshedpur - Product (Uranium)

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

14. Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL) -Ghatshila/Mosabani , Jamshedpur - Product (Copper) 15. Rakha Copper Project - Rakhamines, Mosabani , Jamshedpur - Product (Copper) 16. Turamdih Gold Mine - Mosabani , Jamshedpur - Product (Gold) 17. Paper Mill - Dhalbhumgarh , Jamshedpur - Product (Paper) 18.Tube Company (Tata Steel) - Burmamines , Jamshedpur - Product (Tube)

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

GEOLOGY OF THE DISTRICT: The Precambrian shield of Singhbhum contains a number of geological provinces with a geological history ranging from 2000 to 3800Ma. Newer Dolerites and other intrusives found in the investing area are the youngest intrusive bodies within the Singhbhum stratigraphy. These are in the form of dykes, which are mafic-ultramafic in nature and represent the last phase of orogenic movement in the region. However, these dykes are mostly found in the southern Singhbhum and Keonjhar regions. The mafic dykes are most probably of Neoarchaean age (2.8 Ga; cf. Roy et al., 2004) and strike NE-SW and NW- SE. Precambrian Singhbhum cratonic nucleus of eastern India falls in the states of Jharkhand &Orissa and preserves imprints of several geological cycles spanning from the early Archaean to at leastearly Neoproterozoic (Saha 1994). The ancient cratonic block, known as Singhbhum Craton or asSinghbhum- Orissa Iron Ore Craton remained a major attraction to the geoscientists and miners for theimmense potential of this belt in terms of major mineral deposits such as copper, uranium, iron,manganese, chromite, and limestone amongst others.The geological knowledge on the Singhbhum region was established through the work of Ball(1881), Dunn (1929), Jones (1934), and Dunn and Dey (1942). Although Ball (1881) for the first timemapped the Singhbhum area, the first geological accounts were published by Dunn (1929) and Jones(1934). Real stimulus, however, came from Dunn (1929, 1940) and Dunn and Dey (1942) whopresented a comprehensive stratigraphic account of the region.The Singhbhum Craton is characterized by Granite-Greenstone belts as well as platformalmetasedimeary assemblages. According to the workers on Singhbhum geology (Saha 1994,Mukhopadhyay 2001) the three principal components which make up the Archaean nucleus of theSinghbhum Craton (SC), stabilized at about 3000-2700 Ma, are: (1) The Older Metamorphic Group (OMG) of supracrustal rocks and the Older Metamorphic Tonalite Gneiss (OMTG), (2) The Singhbhum Granite massif with various other granitoid-gneissic bodies suchas the Bonai Granite, the Nilgiri Granite, the Kaptipada Granite, the Mayurbhanj Granite and the Pallahara Granite Gneiss (3) Greenstone belts comprising of the rocks of the Iron Ore Group (IOG).

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

The OMG supracrustals and OMTG occur as enclaves within the Singhbhum Granite, the Iron OreGroup (IOG) rocks occur surrounding the Singhbhum Granite. Iron Ore Group The Iron Ore Group constitutes the major supracrustal unit in the Singhbhum craton. The IOG ismade up of low-grade metasediments including phyllites, tuffaceous shales, Banded Iron Formationhematite(BIF) having pockets of iron ore, ferruginous chert, local dolomite with acid to intermediate,and mafic volcanics as well as mafic sill like intrusive. The supracrustals appear to have been depositedin three major basins possibly with inter-connections ( Saha 1994). These basins are: (a) The Major Iron-Ore basin of western Singhbhum and Keonjhar extending from Malangtolireserve forest in south to Chakradharpur in north (West Singhbhum-Keonjhar basin/ Jamda –Koiravalley) (b) The iron Ore Group basin along the eastern border of the Singhbhum Granite with roof pendantsextending into the batholiths (Potka-Gorumahisani- Badampahar basin) (c) The Iron-Ore Group basin in the southwestern and southern parts of the craton (Malaygiri-Sukinda-Tamka-Daitari basin). In the absence of any geochronological data, the absolute age and correlation of the Iron OreGroup remains uncertain (Mukhopadhyay, 2001). There are debates regarding whether the IOG rocks indifferent basins were deposited at the same time. Dunn (1929), Dunn and Dey (1942) and Saha and Sarkar (1977, 1983) suggest that all the IOG rocks in different basins of Singbhum craton belong to same age group. But, according to Banerji (1977) Iyenger and Murty (1982), and Acharya (1984), the IOG rocks in different basins were deposited at different points of time. However, till date there is nofield or geochronological evidence available to establish the actual age relation between different IOG basins. West Singhbhum-Keonjhar basin/ Jamda –Koira valley: In this setting, the basal unit is metamorphosed sandstone whose composition varies from lithicwacke to arkose. Lithic wakes consist of sub- angular to sub-rounded clasts of BIF, hematitic iron ore, metachert and micaschists. This unit is overlain by the BIF, which is followed by tuffs, shales and volcanics. Predominance of hematite and jasper as primary constituents of BIF of Jamda-Koira valley incontrast to primary magnetite-chert in the BIF of

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Gorumahisani-Badampahar-Tomka-Daiteri beltprobably indicates higher oxygen content in the atmosphere during precipitation of the former. Thisbasin is also characterized by high frequency and volume of interlayered pyroclasts in the stratigraphic succession compared to the other two basins.

The IOG rocks of the Jamda-koira valley exihibit a synclinorial structure which can begeneralised as NNE plunging synclinorium with an overturned western limb (Plate- 1). The main foldaxis has been superposed by a weak WNW-ESE trending cross fold (Saha et.al.1984)

Patka - Gorumahisani-Badampahar basin: The BIF of Gorumahisani-Sulaipat-Badampahar and Tomka-Daiteri belt (200-300 meters thick) consists of a basal cherty quartz arenite, fuchsite quartzite or quartz schist, overlain by one or two distinct horizons of BIF, which are separated by a zone of cherty quartzite ( 15-20 meters thick),with numerous thin layers of intercalated black chert and altered volcanic tuff. These altered volcanic tuff were described as shales by earlier workers; but detailed petrography and geochemistry indicateubiquitous presence of volcanic material (Majumdar et al, 1980; Majumdar, 1985). The BIF, at places near igneous intrusive, has been locally metamorphosed to a quartz-magnetite-grunerite rock (Chakraborty, 1958 and Taron, 1968). On the southern foothills of Tomka- Daitri range, coarse grained. The BIF in the Gorumahisani-Sulaipat- Badampahar section is distinctly intruded by epidiorites, Newer dolerites and ultramafic dykes of younger age; whereas in the Tomka-Daitri range and in adjacent Sukinda valley the iron-formation are intruded by chromiferous ultramafic rocks anddolerite dykes (Chakraborty et al, 1980).

Iyenger & Murthy (1982) & Banerjee (1974) are of the opinion that the BIF of Tomka –Daitriare correlatable to those of the Gorumahisani area. Further, the presence of BIF bearing IOG rocks atBaula-Nausahi and Nattopahar seem to indicate beyond doubt that possibly the BIF belt lying to theeast and south of Singhbhum Granite massif was a continuous one, starting from Gorumahisani passing through Badam Pahar, Baula, Daitri and ultimately ending up at Malayagiri, NW of sukinda valley. If this be so then it is safe to assume that BIF of this belt has sedimentation history older than 3.12 Ga.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Generalized geological map of Jharkhand

Generalized Stratigraphic Succession of Archaean – Proterozoic of Singhbhum province (modified by GSI after Saha et al., 1988)

Group/ Formation Lithology Age

Arkasoni Granophyre, Soda Granite Granophyre C2.1Ga

Kolhan Group Sandstone, shale, limestone

Gangpur Group Quartzite, dolomite, phyllite, Conglomerate

------Unconformity------

Dalama/Dhanjori/Ongarbira Group Mafics, ultramafics, quartzites

------Overlap------

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Singhbhum Group (Bonai Group?) Carbonaceous phyllite, C2.4-2.3 Ga quartzite, cherts, epidorites, Dhalbhum Formation acid volcanics

Chaibasa Formation Mica schists, quartzite, hornblende schist

------Unconformity------

Newer Dolerite dykes and sills Undifferentiated 3.1 Ga

Singhbhum Granite(SBG-B) Phase III Granitic Rocks

Iron Ore Supergroup Tuffaceous shale, phyllite, tuffs, BIF, feruginious chert, local dolomites, Iron Ore Group acid-intermediate, basic-ultrabasic volcanic, quartzites and conglomerate. (Lower Bonai group?) Quartzite, BIF, metamorphosed Gorumahisani Group mafic and ultramafic volcanic, cherty arenites.

------Unconformity------

Singhbhum Granite(SBG-A) Phase I Granite / Granitic C 3.3 Ga & II)/Chakradharpur Granite Gneiss C3.4-3.5 Ga Older Metamorphic Tonalite Gneiss Tonalite Gneiss (OMTG) (folding & Pelitic Schist, quartzite, metamorphism of Older Metamorphic Group(OMG) para and ortho amphibolite OMG & OMTG)

5. DRAINAGE OF IRRIGATION PATTERN: Physiography and Drainage: - About 53% of the total area of the district is covered by residual mountains and hills consisting granite, gneiss, schist and basalt rocks. Generally the height of the district is 213m. to 945 m above sea level. East Singhbhum district has large variation in slope. Five slope ranges are observed. It varies from 150-300 m/km.,80-150 m/km.,20-80 m/km,10-20m/km. and less than 10m/km. Dalma hill extends from North-west to south-east about 70 km. in length and 5km. in width. It has slope 150-300 m/km. Hilly area of Dumaria block also come under this category. Next slope range is between 80- 150 m/km. This slope range is in Patamda, Jamshedpur sadar and Ghatsila blocks.20-80 m/km. slope is found in small patches of Mosabani and Chakulia blocks. Potka block, Dhalbhumgarh block,major portion of Chakulia block and Bahragora blocks are categorized between slope 10-20m/km. Easternmost portion of Chakulia and bahragora block has slope less than 10m/km.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

The Subernarekha river flows from west to south-east direction. All the tributaries of this area meet with the Subernarekha river. Drainage pattern is dendritic in nature. Drainage of Patamda blocks do not meet in Subranrekha River. Kharkai River meets Subarnrekha river at Sonari near Jamshedpur. Major tributaries which meet Subarnrekha river from west to east are Sapnara nadi, Garra nadi, Dudh nadi, Chakdaha nadi. The drainage map of the district is shown in figure 2.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

6. LAND UTILIZATION PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT (FOREST, AGRICULTURAL, HORTICULTURAL, MINING ETC.):

Land Utilization (In Hectare) i) Total Area 2010-11 353300 ii) Forest Cover 2010-11 187249 iii) Non Agriculture Land 2010-11 65537 iv) Cultivable Barren Land 2010-11 12171

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

7. SURFACE WATER AND GROUND WATER SCENARIO OF THE DISTRICT:

Hydrogeology: - The ground water occurrence and movement is basically controlled by the prevailing morphology and intensity of structural discontinuities. The intensity of joints, fractures, foliation planes are more along anticlinal or synclinal flexures. Therefore, structure is another controlling factor for occurrence and movement of ground water over the area. The rainfall is the main source groundwater recharge in the area. The inconsistency between fracture zone is complicated in nature. The ground water therefore moves slow and find its way through the fractures and open joints. the area is underlain by unconsolidated to semi-consolidated sediments of Tertiary age which are made up of coarse sand, gravel, fine to medium sand and clay.In hard rock ares, ground water occurs within the weathered zone (10-25 m thickness) and in the underlying fractures/joints. The ground water occurs both under unconfined condition and semi confined to confined condition. The unconfined condition exists in the weathered mantle portion of the rocks. Depth of weathered mantle varies from 15-34 m in general.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Depth to Water Level: - There are 16 National Hydrograph Stations (NHS) have been established by Central Ground Water Board for the study of behavior of the water level and their fluctuation.

Pre monsoon depth to water level: - On the basis of the depth to water level of the year 2012 - 13 (table – 2), the pre monsoon depth to water level was monitored between 3.96 to 14.85 mbgl. Majority of the wells (41.67%) fall in the water level range of 6 - 9 mbgl.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Post monsoon depth to water level: - On the basis of the depth to water level of the year 2012 – 13, the post monsoon depth to water level ranges between 1.10 to 13.85 mbgl. About 50% of the wells fall in the water level ranges 14 between 3 – 6 mbgl.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

8. RAINFALL OF THE DISTRICT AND CLIMATIC CONDITION: The climate of this region may be considered as extreme, being intensely hot in summer and moderately cold in winter. The climate of the area is also characterized by a hot dry summer and well-distributed rains in the monsoon season. The cold season commences from December and lasts till the end of February. The hot season follows thereafter and continues till about the third week of June. The southwest monsoon season is from the middle/end of June to the end of September. The Climate of the district is temperate. Annual rainfall is 1200 mm to 1400 mm. This area comes under the path of south-west monsoon so sometimes it receives heavy rain during July to September. During the summer seasons maximum temperature goes up 400C - 450 C whereas in winter 0 it has recorded a minimum of 8 C.

Annual Rain fall Data in East Singhbhum:

YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL 2004 0 15.5 11.5 61.1 64.8 191.8 249.2 516.8 161 75.2 0 0 1346.9 2005 25.5 24.8 21.1 7.2 68.9 156.6 246.8 163.4 152.8 137.3 0 67.3 1071.7 2006 0.3 0 2.3 42.5 193.5 351.8 706.3 331.2 377.5 29.6 17.4 N.A. N.A. 2007 0 64.8 N.A. 40.9 10.8 146.5 646.4 498.5 374.4 27.2 32.3 0 N.A. 2008 30.8 7.5 8.6 46.4 85.4 655.1 275.6 313.2 200.3 5.4 0 0 1628.3 2009 2.9 0 11 0.4 130.8 66.8 396 228.1 268 153.5 22.3 6.3 1286.1 2010 0.5 6.2 5.8 10.4 74.1 51.7 99.6 133.1 137.2 48.3 10.6 38.6 616.1 Source: http://www.indiawaterportal.org

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN YEAR R/F %DEP R/F %DEP R/F %DEP R/F %DEP R/F %DEP R/F %DEP 2013 0 -100 12.4 -33 1.8 -91 37.4 17 184 191 230 2 2014 0.9 -94 75.2 309 23.6 14 0.5 -98 116 84 232 3 2015 6.5 -56 0 -100 21.6 4 106 232 64.9 3 173 -23 2016 24.6 67 6.8 -63 4.9 -76 2.7 -92 108 71 179 -21 2017 0 -100 0 -100 15.1 -27 17.8 -44 393 521 131 -42

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC YEAR R/F %DEP R/F %DEP R/F %DEP R/F %DEP R/F %DEP R/F %DEP 2013 334 14 372 19 327 45 349 410 0 -100 0 -100 2014 319 9 281 -10 127 -44 167 143 0 -100 0.1 -98 2015 604 106 177 -43 122 -46 44.2 -35 0 -100 8.5 63 2016 355 21 845 170 502 122 28.9 -58 0 -100 0 -100 2017 682 132 467 49 278 23 152 121 10.1 -19 0.1 -98 Source: http://www.imd.gov.in

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

9. DETAILS OF THE MINING LEASES IN THE DISTRICT:

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

10. DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED YEAR 2015 TO 2020: Year Royalty or Revenue (in Lakh)

2015-16 6221.22 Lakhs. 2016-17 6584.49 Lakhs. 2017-18 7433.12 Lakhs. 2018-19 7433.19 2019-20 8941.12

11. DETAIL OF PRODUCTION OF MINOR MINERAL (STONE) IN LAST THREE YEARS: Year Production (M3)

2017-18 18,81,712 M3 2018-19 15,37,942 M3 2019-20 (Till Date) 1,98,615 M3

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

12. MINERAL MAP OF THE DISTRICT:

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

13. LIST OF LETTER OF INTENT (LOI) HOLDERS IN THE DISTRICT:

Area of Mining Name of Letter of Intent Lease Location of Mining Lease Sl. the Name of the Address & Contact No. Grant Order No. to be allotted (in Validity of Use Captive/ Latitude Longitude No. Mineral lessee of Lessee & Date Acres) LOI Non-Captive (N) (E) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 N2233’56.63” M/s Kiran Jemco Bus Stand, 2536 To 1 Stone Construction Telco, Jamshedpur. 22.00 ------19.09.2016 N2234’8.65” Infrastructure Mob. No - 9334991057

N2232’28.1” Tilaboni, Chakulia, East Stone M/sOm Sai 1896 To 2 Singhbhum. 3.07 ------Agency 20.12.2017 N2232’32.6” Mob.No.- 9430308106

D-1, West Layout, Road N2259’19.1” No.- A, Sonari. Stone M/s Srijan 175 To 3 P.O & P.S – Sonari, 6.74 ------Infrassociates 02.02.2021 N2259’17.5” Jamshedpur.

Mob.No.- 9234552233 27, New Kalimati Road, N2257’41.58” Stone Sakchi, 1460 To 4 M/s K.K. Builder 29.00 ------Jamshedpur. 31.08.2017 N2257’49.59” Mob.No.- 9431113671 Marwari para road, Stone M/s Swastik 341 5 Jugsalai. 2.82 ------Enterprises 22.02.2021 Mob.No.- 7979817507

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

14. TOTAL MINERAL RESERVE AVAILABLE IN THE DISTRICT:

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Details of Potential Mines Area: - S. No Latitude Longitude 1. 22°58'6.58"N 86°31'37.42"E 2. 22°57'49.88"N 86°31'49.38"E 3. 22°57'55.26"N 86°31'15.78"E 4. 22°57'56.25"N 86°30'54.88"E 5. 22°57'5.58"N 86°31'22.22"E 6. 22°56'57.53"N 86°30'51.32"E 7. 22°57'14.57"N 86°30'50.38"E 8. 22°56'52.79"N 86°30'26.69"E 9. 22°57'7.81"N 86°30'18.41"E 10. 22°57'39.46"N 86°29'47.69"E 11. 22°57'23.47"N 86°29'29.08"E 12. 22°57'44.04"N 86°29'23.89"E 13. 22°57'51.88"N 86°29'35.02"E 14. 22°59'17.59"N 86°28'53.26"E 15. 22°58'40.50"N 86°27'14.71"E 16. 22°56'50.13"N 86°27'17.53"E 17. 22°57'6.49"N 86°27'0.77"E 18. 22°57'2.97"N 86°26'49.40"E 19. 22°57'18.00"N 86°26'44.33"E 20. 22°57'19.66"N 86°26'36.99"E 21. 22°57'15.14"N 86°26'34.05"E 22. 22°57'14.88"N 86°26'16.99"E 23. 22°57'12.95"N 86°26'12.31"E 24. 22°57'9.50"N 86°26'3.82"E 25. 22°57'26.74"N 86°24'7.87"E 26. 22°57'51.38"N 86°18'26.66"E 27. 22°58'2.79"N 86°17'53.30"E 28. 22°53'24.47"N 86°26'31.63"E 29. 22°53'0.24"N 86°25'38.24"E 30. 22°53'23.89"N 86°25'21.50"E 31. 22°39'36.80"N 86°10'11.76"E 32. 22°39'18.83"N 86° 9'55.52"E 33. 22°39'1.57"N 86°10'8.23"E 34. 22°38'58.93"N 86°10'5.16"E 35. 22°38'27.02"N 86°10'53.15"E 36. 22°38'2.31"N 86° 9'41.89"E 37. 22°37'59.70"N 86° 9'28.24"E 38. 22°37'49.39"N 86° 9'4.80"E 39. 22°34'26.22"N 86°44'8.72"E

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Minerals Reserve District ( In million)

China clay 190.14 Lohardaga, Ranchi, Dumka, Sahebganj, East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum

Pyroxenite 0.83 East Singhbhum, Saraikela-Kharsawan Gold ore 0.035 Ranchi, East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum, Simdega, Palamu

Kyanite 5.70 West Singhbhum, Saraikela-Kharsawa, East Singhbhum,

154.76 East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum, Saraikela-Kharsawa, Dumka, Hazaribagh, Deoghar, Palamu, Sahebganj

Cobalt 9.00 East Singhbhum Soap Stone 0.34 East Singhbhum, Saraikela-Kharsawa, Giridih

Magnesite 2.30 East Singhbhum Baryte 0.03 Palamu, Ranchi, East Singhbhum Magnetite 10.26 Palamu, East Singhbhum

The above tables have been taken from Mineral Exploration and Development for XIIth Five Year Plan (2012-17) prepared by Department of Mines and Geology, Government of Jharkhand.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

15. USE OF MINERALS:

Sl No. Name of Use of Minerals Minerals

Iron The primary use of iron ore is in the production of iron. Most of the iron produced is then used to make steel. Steel is used to make automobiles, locomotives, ships, beams used in buildings, furniture, paper clips, tools, reinforcing rods for concrete, bicycles, and thousands of other items. It is the most-used metal by both tonnage and purpose. Coal Use of coal include alumina refineries, paper manufacturers, and the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Several chemical products can be produced from the by-products of coal. Refined coal tar is used in the manufacture of chemicals, such as creosote oil, naphthalene, phenol, and benzene. Ammonia gas recovered from coke ovens is used to manufacture ammonia salts, nitric acid and agricultural fertilizers. Thousands of different products have coal or coal by-products as components: soap, aspirins, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibers, such as rayon and nylon. Uranium Uranium is one of the heavy metals that can be utilized as a rich source of concentrated energy. Pyroxenite Pyroxenite is preferred as flux to dolomite as a source of MgO in sintering and also in Iron & Steel Industry. Main benefits of olivine over dolomite in slag conditioning are higher MgO content, no requirement of preheat treatment, reduced energy consumption, lower coke consumption, reduced slag volume and lower CO2 emissions. Presence of higher amount of silica in dolomite leads to lower sinter basicity (i.e. CaO/ SiO2) at around 2.5 than 3.5 of dolomite and the phases in sinter change to those having better reducibility. The net result is a reduction in the resistance of the cohesive zone to gas flow in the blast furnace leading to drop in fuel rate and higher productivity. In addition, the

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

magnesium silicates do not call for calcination (unlike the carbonates ) and thus lowers energy requirement in the blast furnace. Kyanite Economic Uses: Kyanite is used mostly for jewelry. To make jewelry, the mineral sample must first be cut, though it has two hard nesses which make it a more difficult mineral to cut. The hardness will dictates the cut, and only skilled gemstone cutters are recommended for the job. The mineral is cut in “en cabochon” or faceted gemstones, and most commonly in the shape of an oval, but can be cut in different shapes. Industrial Uses: Kyanite is used in a wide variety of industrial goods. For example, because kyanite can stand such high temperatures, it is used in the production of molds for moldings of high temperature metals. In addition, kyanite is used in the production of brake shoes, clutch facings, cutting wheels, spark plugs, and also porcelain fixtures. Sand Sand is massively used for concreting, Sand is used for preparation of mortar to bind with brick or stone or other materials. Sand is massively used for concreting a. Catchment b. Dam construction c. Power house and much more Road works, Side drain work, Seal coat work, Pre-mix asphalt concrete work, Soling work, Pavement work, RCC pipe joining work Canal work, Damp proof work, Tar felt work, Bitumen paint DPC Special work of sand: Sand is used for glass production., Sand is used for abrasive in sand blasting, Filtering water, Brick manufacture plant, Sand bags are used for protection against the flood, Sand castle building is popular activity for competition, Sand animation is a type of performance art., Aquaria are lined by sand, instead of gravel since it will be low cost., Rail road‟s use sand to improve the traction of wheels on the rails, Sandy soil will be ideal soil for some crops like watermelon, peaches and peanuts. Soap Stone Used as filler and anti-stick coating in plastics, ceramics, paint, paper, roofing, rubber, cosmetics industries.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

16. DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF THE MINERAL IN LAST THREE YEARS:

Year Demand (M3) Supply (M3) GAP (M3) 2017-18 22,11,924 20,10,840 2,01,084 2018-19 14,23,955.5 12,94,505 12,9450.5 2019-20 1,93,041.2 1,75,492 17,549.2

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

17. MINING LEASE MARKED ON THE MAP OF THE DISTRICT:

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

19. DETAILS OF THE AREA WHERE THERE IS A CLUSTER OF MINING LEASES:

Name of Lessee Plot No. Khata Latitude Longitude No. Cluster 1 M/s 22°28'25.19"N 86°31'45.94"E S.N.Enterprises Smt. Vinita 22°28'22.64"N 86°31'52.76"E Agarwal

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

20. DETAILS OF THE ECO-SENSITIVE AREA, IF ANY, IN THE DISTRICT:

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

[Source of – Ministry of Environment and Forest Notification, New Delhi, the 29th March -2012, No- 596].

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

21. IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT DUE TO MINING ACTIVITY:

A. Air quality The impact of mining on air starts from land clearing, drilling, blasting, loading, transportation, crushing, storage and waste handling and storage. The average concentration of suspended particulate matter along with SO2, NO2 is raised in surrounding area. The raised dust causes the problem of visibility on the haul road, which, in turn affects the average vehicle speed. Conventional mining technologies – involving drilling and blasting — generate much more dust as compared to environment-friendly technologies like surface miners, rippers and rock breakers. Dust pollution potential of a mine or quarry gets exaggerated in semi-arid and arid areas. Poor mine planning and haphazard excavation tend to aggravate dust pollution as loose materials at broken sites are easily picked up by the wind, adding to the ambient dust levels. Table 30: Particulate emission factors for stone-processing operations Process operation Uncontrolled Emission % Contribution Factor, Kg/ton Primary crushing 0.25 4.5 Secondary crushing and screening 0.75 13.6 Tertiary crushing and screening 3.0 54.5 Recrushing and screening 2.5 to 4.5 45.5 Conveying and material handling 1.0 18.2 Total 5.5 100

B. Ground water Contamination Carbon particles in suspension decrease the sunlight permeability in River water. Erosion of the exposed earth carries substantial amounts of sediments and silt into streams, rivers and lakes. Excessive sediments can clog riverbeds and choke watershed vegetation, wildlife habitat and aquatic organisms. Silt blankets at a stream’s bottom can cut off the food supply of fishes. River siltation and deposition of silt on agricultural land can be very high if the mine is located on a hilly terrain and receives high rainfall. Pyrite comes in contact with water and air and forms sulfuric acid. As water drains from the mine, the acid moves into the waterways; as long as rain falls on the mine tailings the sulfuric-acid production continues, whether the mine is still operating or not. Minerals associated with deposited sediments may depress the pH of surface runoff thereby mobilizing heavy metals that can infiltrate into the surrounding subsoil or can be carried away to nearby surface waters.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

C. Noise The sources of noise and vibration are comprised mobile equipment, air blasts and vibration from blasting and other machinery. The impact of high-pitched and other noises is known to include damage to the auditory system, cracks in buildings, stress and discomfort. These noises can also terrify animals, hinder their mating processes and also cause abortions, therefore adversely affecting the animal population. D. Soil Mining operations routinely modify the surrounding landscape by exposing previously undisturbed earthen materials. Erosion of exposed soils, extracted mineral ores, tailings, and fine material in waste rock piles can result in substantial sediment loading to surface waters and drainage ways. In addition, spills and leaks of hazardous materials and the deposition of contaminated windblown dust can lead to soil contamination. E. Agriculture The sediments flowing in waste water was found deposited in agricultural fields using this water for irrigation. The acidic nature of the mine water with its high leaching effects caused the loss of soil nutrients. When water from limestone and dolomite mine evaporated, it forms a layer of Calcium on soil and seeds never germinate in the soil. Rapid transformation of agricultural land into waste land due to mining activities reduces agricultural land. Local people shift their work concentration from Agriculture to mining. Reduction of soil fertility through erosion makes land less fertile. Effect on the health status of people in the mining communities which reduce the productivity of farmers F. Health Impact Residual explosives from mine may cause high nitrate and pollute surface water. High nitrate content caused methemoglobinemia in babies up to 06-month age and gastro intestinal ulcer in adults. It is noticed that many people in the area surrounding mine suffer from gastroenteritis problem, which may be due to higher concentration of Calcium and Magnesium found in the drinking water. A health impact assessment revealed that 38% of the respondents reported the problem of suffocation, 73% reported eye irritation, 67% reported sore throat, 65% reported cough, 37% 55

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone) reported chest pain and 21% of the respondents complained of sneezing. As far as the problems by the noise are concerned, 74% of the respondents felt annoyed, 43% reported problem of headache, 73% reported irritation, 18% reported mental disturbance and 23% of the respondents reported sleeplessness (Ahmad et al., 2014)

G. Biodiversity Dust deposition on leaves and change in metabolism of the vegetation decrease their competitive balance on between species of ecosystem and thus change the vegetative community of the area. Wildlife species may be depending on soil conditions, local climate, altitude, and other features of the local habitat. The most direct effect on wildlife is destruction or displacement of species in areas of excavation and piling of mine wastes. If streams, lakes, ponds, or marshes are filled or drained, fish, aquatic invertebrates, and amphibians are severely impacted. Habitat fragmentation occurs when large areas of land are broken up into smaller and smaller patches, making dispersal by native species from one patch to another difficult or impossible, and cutting off migratory routes. Isolation may lead to local decline of species, or genetic effects such as inbreeding. Species that require large patches of forest simply disappear.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

22. REMEDIAL MEASURES TO MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF MINING ON THE ENVIRONMENT:

A. Air pollution mitigation measures An air pollution mitigation and management plan include management of those activities (drilling, blasting), products (mineral and overburden) and services (transportation) that have the potential to generate air pollution. A good management plan should ensure that the impact of air pollution does not exceed statutory limits or cause undesirable effects on human health.

Table 31: Best Practices for fugitive dust control in mine Activities Best practices

Drilling  Drills should be provided with dust extractors (dry or wet system)

Blasting  Water spray before blasting  Water spray on blasted material prior to transportation  Use of controlled blasting technique Transportation of  Covering of the trucks/dumpers to avoid spillage mined material  Compacted haul road  Speed control on vehicles  Provision for fixed or automatic water sprinklers on permanent haul roads  Provision for mobile water sprinklers on non- permanent haul roads Crusher  Covered unloading point  Automatic sprinklers, preferably with sensors  Crusher should be fitted with bag filter

Trees can act as efficient biological filters. In fact, a green belt is a proven technology for waste dump stabilization and restoration of a mined out area. Systematic and planned green belt development reduces fugitive dust and checks run-off, besides improving the aesthetic beauty of an area. Planning for green belt development should be done at the inception. Green belt of adequate width should be raised by planting native species around the mine lease area, along both sides of haul roads, near material handling plants, on external dumps, backfilled quarries, and undisturbed areas and inside the colony. It has been observed that some plant species have a proven efficiency in reducing dust emissions.

B. Water pollution mitigation measures

To avoid surface water pollution in the mining area because of soil erosion and wash-off from the stacked material during monsoon season, runoff water is diverted through suitable drain and sedimentation tanks thus reducing the wash off of soil. The general drainage

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone) direction in the working area is towards the sump at the bottom bench, which is used for collection of water. The garland drains should be routed through collection pit calculated on the basis of silt loading, slope and detention time required. Surface inflow of rainwater into mine pits is diverted through a network of garland drains located sufficiently ahead of the overburden face. Garland drainage system prevented surface water from entering into mines directly and reduce wash off issues. The drains will be made by cutting and digging along the contour line so that only the direct precipitation of rain water need to be tackled within the mine and backfilled areas. The runoff rainwater is treated in sedimentation tanks. Retention wall around the dumps is construct with weep holes, so that the storm water can be passed. Maximum percent of the accumulated rain water in the drains of the mine is allowed to percolate and the rest part will be diverted to the nearest natural drainage. Considering the composition of mine water in collection sumps should be treated accordingly.

C. Noise pollution mitigation measures  Use of controlled and advanced blasting techniques like shock tube technology;  Conducting blasting only during the day time, as per a predetermined time schedule;  Use of hydraulic drills;  Provision of sound-insulated chambers for workers deployed on machines producing higher levels of noise like bulldozers, drills, etc.  Enclosing crusher units in covered buildings to minimize sound propagation;  Providing silencers or enclosures for noise generating machines such DG sets, compressors, etc.  Creating a green belt around potential noise-prone areas  Provision of protective devices like earmuffs/earplugs to workers, who are continuously exposed to high levels of noise; and  Reducing the exposure time of workers by practicing work rotation.

D. Flora & Fauna pollution mitigation measures Impact on biodiversity is inevitable if a project is located in a sensitive area. There is nothing called ‘best practice’ for biodiversity mitigation. The mitigation measures are 38 site- and species-specific, and have to be designed and implemented considering the ground realities. In mining projects, the option of a site alternative is not applicable. If a site is unavoidable, the option is to look for alternatives in the form of technologies or processes that have lower or minimal impact on biodiversity. 58

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Hierarchy of biodiversity mitigation measures

Fig: Hierarchy of biodiversity mitigation measures

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

23. RECLAMATION OF MINED OUT AREA:

Reclamation of mined out area

Importance Itis necessary to reclaim the land affected by mining due to following reasons: - To put the land into productive use like agriculture, forestry or recreational purposes. - To check soil erosion from dump leading to destruction of watershed sands il1ationofriver. - Accumulation of huge quantity of water in worked out pits May poses threat to life and property. - To combat adverse visual impact. This requires wastage planning i.e. premining planning and post mining land use and monitoring. First stage considers all necessary measures to be taken for making second stage effective. This requires Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to be prepared. This should clearly bring out the likely impact of mining on environment, both biotic and abiotic and the likely extent of degradation, which may occur to the environment in the absence of any abatement measures. And to prepare this statement baseline information are required which includes geology/ geomorphology, climate, hydrology /hydrogeology, hydro geo chemistry, and soil. Generation of information may also be required on quality of water, air and noise level, topography, land use pattern, demography of the area etc. Components For successful reclamation following points are to be considered  Listing inventory of pre mining condition  Monitoring flexibility of mining Programme in the light of efficient land reclamation  Evaluation of the post mining requirements of the region and to decide on the needs and desire of the affected ground  To make reclamation planning suitable to techno-economical and socio-political environment.  To assess the physico-chemical characteristics of overburden.  Extra cost of preservation, re-handling, spreading and leveling of subsoil and topsoil.  Knowledge of hydrogeological / geomorphological conditions. Aesthetic and /or historic value of land.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Restoration

Rehabilitation of Mine Sites  Environmental problems in mines are mainly associated with mile “waste” .and mine site abandonment. In India mining industry produces waste in the form of soil and sulphide ores. Apart from this, some lands are affected by acid -generating mine waste and lay tailings, mostly at working mine site. Waste rock dumps and tailing ponds are the most visible end result of the mining process. For the most part, the visual “pollution” which depends on the eye of the be holder, can be effectively managed through re-contouring and rehabilitation during operation. Waste rock and tailing from the mining and processing of sulphide ores are more difficult problems. The effect of weathering can produce sulphuric acid which in turn can harden the release of heavy metals and other toxic elements into solution. Unless this weathering is prevented or the acidic water is treated, there sulting acidic mine drainage can pose a threat to human health and the environment as a whole. The more difficult task is that, while waste water treatment plants are efficient and effective during the operating life of the mine, they do not provide any way solution to the problem that can persist for centuries. In other cases where fill material is brought from other sites those are to be tested for their toxicity and trace of atomic minerals. If harmful constituents are found either these are not to be used as fill material or to be used after treatment to bring the toxicity with in safe limits. This problem points towards significant financial and scientific challenges. Both levels of Government and industry are required to work together especially when no such efforts has been made so far in the country. However, there are two indirect solutions known to us-one is maximization of waste utilization and the other, recycling the products. But the former is again a matter of technology and money whereas later is feasible and beneficial not only from environmental view point, but also from the angle of resource utilization.  Till recently no attempt was made towards the post mining reclamation and rehabilitation of worked out pits ore clavation of working pits in stages concurrently with the mining operations with the aim of using reclaimed areas for better use by the community and worked out quarries were left out in such a poor and degraded condition that these quarries had no practical value and utility to the society and the expanse of damaged and degraded land remain as negative property to them for indefinite time, In case of very large mining projects, scientific reclamation planning is a multi- disciplinary task and requires mining and civil engineers, geologists, landscape architects, soil scientists, 61

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

horticulturists, landuse experts and hydrologists. Soil Preservation  The soil needs to, be preserved in such a way that nutrients present there in are preserved and noted graded. For this purpose, soil should be protected against erosion by water and wind by the way of vegetation and leguminous plants which help nutrition and improvement of nitrogen level in the soil.  There claimed land should be first tried with crops and then followed by other vegetation. Soil amendment measures should be taken so that water holding capacity remains at the satisfactory level.  Biologically active soil layers should be at least 80-120 cms thick for farming and 120- 200 cms thick for plantation. But top soil thickness should be at least 25- 40 cms on well- established ground for forestry purpose.  On investigations related to available quality and quantity of the over burden and top soil if any, reclamation technique is identified to suit the site-specific conditions and calendar plans for reclamation are drawn including realistic court of reclamation.  The objective of reclamation is to return the aimed out alienable lands to the society for better utilization. If there is no problem related with conservation of animates, backfilling should be done concurrently with mining operations. Thus, reclamation plans are based on the proposed use of the degraded land and may be for forestry, agriculture or for recreational purpose or even for town planning and construction.  It is necessary to store the top soil separately which is the fertile portion of the e a r t h crust. Depending on the soil conditions the top soil of thickness varying between 10 cms to 500cms need to be scraped and dumped in near by site where mining operation is not expected to come in near future This material is proposed to be used for surfacing the under fertile and/or rocky and waste material like overburden which is either in the form of dumps or the backfill. This top soil should be conserved promptly, against the transportation by water or wind erosion keeping vegetal cover of grasses and bushes, for this purpose max 20° slope can be maintained. However, in the heavy rainfall is a slope angle should be further less. For proper drainage of this soil, it should be dumped on plain ground, but trenches are to be dug around the dumps and plantation of grasses and short duration trees can be adopted, to retain or improve the nitrogen content of the soil leguminous plants can be planted as nitrogen fixer especially when the top soils removed is expected to be used up in the next 5-10years.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

Methods of Rehabilitation for different Excavations Shallow pits In India, where operations are carried out manually in scattered fashion, as a result a large area of the lease remains blocked as degraded land, such shallow and small pits cannot be converted into small water ponds either for fish breeding or for cultivation. The situation is further aggregated by sporadic cheeps of waste/ overburden dumps around such pits. If such pits are not proposed for large scale mining inner future, they should be backfilled with available waste/ overburden and these can be reclaimed by grading the filled up over burden and by a blanket of 25. 40cms thick cover of soil mixed with fertilizer/ manure for growing crops, vegetables, etc.; but plantation should be avoided as future felling of plants/ trees, which are restricted under forest act, may be required for possible mining of the minerals/ ores lying beneath.  If shallow pits have large is sniper- mining agriculture fields, these can. Be reclaimed by backfilling and levelling with suitable s o i l layers.  Such reclaimed areas can be renewed for agricultural purpose. For example, many are as have been refilled with overburden, levelled and reclaimed by spreading the top soil stored earlier, these reclaimed fields are being tilted now for agriculture purpose.  Incases shallow pits are abandoned, but overburden/ waste materials is not available for backfilling, such pits can be proposed for forestry by selecting local varieties/ species and planting the same on such shallow pits after grading the slopes to a suitable gentle slope. For this purpose, small circular pit on grid pattern of 2mx 2mx 1mare dug and filled with suitable mix of soil and fertilizers. The selected saplings are then planted in these pits at the time of onset of monsoon. As after care of such plantation is necessary, proper fencing of the pits/quarries is equally important to guard against cattle and arrangement is also necessary for watering and manuring at intervals as per the advice of horticulturist/ botanist engaged for the purpose. Large deep quarries and pits Where scale of production and overburden removal is very high and result deep quarries/ pits are formed. In such cases where not much mineral wealth is left out below the pit bottoms, these are the ideal cases where concurrent or subsequent backfilling can be considered as a vital means of reclamation, subsequent backfilling is a costly proposition compared to concurrent backfilling as the former case needs rehandling of overburden. If concurrent backfilling is not technically feasible, subsequent backfilling is

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

beyond the economic justification, such deep pits can be considered for water reservoirs provided they are not in arid zone where neither stormwater nor ground water is available. These water reservoirs can be used for pisciculture, domestic purpose or for agriculture. Backfilling of existing quarries with overburden and topsoil

Soil disturbed by the surface mining are highly susceptible to erosion and difficult to stabilize by vegetation. Further, they contain toxic elements, therefore it is necessary that top soil be stored and preserved wherever feasible, from the ground considered for mining. Depending on the quality, scrapped on first instance, should be top soil of thickness of 10 to 150 cm depending on availability. This soil is to be dumped in the nearby site which is not going to be disturbed due to mining or any other related activities. This material is meant for recovering the ground after backfilling the mined-out pit with rocky and coarse material. The topsoil dumps should be conserved properly against the transportation Bywater or wind erosion by having vegetal cover of grass, bushes and preferably of leguminous plants.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

24. RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN:

Disaster and Risk Assessment Mining activity because of the very nature of the operation, complexity of the systems, procedures and methods always involves some number of hazards. Hazard identification and risk analysis is carried for identification of undesirable events that can leads to a hazard, the analysis of hazard mechanism by which this undesirable event could occur and usually the estimation of extent, magnitude and likelihood of harmful effects. The activities which can cause high risk related to face stability and the person blasting the shots. It was observed that on a working face of the mine, there were large cracks and unsupported rocks were present, which can lead to a serious hazard and injure workers engaged in loading operation and machineries because of rock falls or slides. This type of condition turns out because improper dressing of the bench and improper supervision. To avoid the hazards due to fall of rocks the face must be examined, made suitable for working and the remedial measures must be taken to make it safe if there is any doubt that a collapse could take place. Working of the face should be in the direction taking into account the geology of the area such that face and quarry side remain stable. Another major risk identified in mines is due to the firing of explosive by an unqualified person. In the mines there is problem of fly rocks and the village is located close to the mine and so it is rated high as it can affect may people. Explosives by nature have the potential for the most serious and catastrophic accident. Planning of round of shots, holes correctly drilled, direction logged, weight of explosive suitable for good fragmentation are the few of the steps necessary to ensure its safe use and if the shots are not properly designed can result in misfires, early ignition and flying rocks. No person is allowed to use explosives without being properly trained in its handling. In the mine a large number of heavy vehicles were in operation and the roads were not proper for haulage purpose. The haulage roads were not even and were not wide enough for the crossing purpose and hence the chances of hazards are very high. The main hazards arising from the use large earth moving vehicles are incompetent drivers, brake failure, lack of all-around visibility from the driver position, vehicle movements particularly reversing, roll over, and maintenance. Those most at risk are the driver and pedestrians likely to be struck by the vehicle, and drivers of smaller vehicles, which cannot be seen from the cabs of large vehicles. Edge protection is always necessary to prevent inadvertent movement over the edge of roadway or a bench. Seatbelt will protect driver in case of roll. Good maintenance and regular testing are necessary to reduce the possibility of brake failure. Assess to the vehicles should always be

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone) restricted to those people necessary for the work in hand. The use of personal protective equipment and proper arrangements to check if the person is wearing a personal protective equipment or not is essential. The personal protective equipment includes helmet, non-skid safety boots, safety glasses, earmuffs etc. The required personal protective equipment should be provided and used in a manner that protects the individual from injury. Few minor injuries which can be prevented are slip, trip, or fall hazards; hazards due to rock falls and collapse of unstable rocks, atmosphere containing toxic or combustible gases; protects from chemical or hazardous material etc. A disaster management plan should be prepared for taking care of for any disaster. Other risks which are included in this category are noise, as it occurs and it can lead to permanent disability. There are problems related to road traffic in and out issuers; inappropriate exposure of moving machines; mechanical failure and because of large number of moving trucks and dumpers there is large quantity of dust present in roadways which affects the operators and can lead to accidents causing injury. They are in acceptable range because of precautions measures taken but no step is taken it can cause hazard hence steps should be taken to reduce the hazards such as for dust suppression system should be installed. Other problems like occurrence of lots of mosquitoes in the area due to hygienic conditions which affect the human health causing malaria, dengue etc. and causing a person to be hospitalized. Disaster in the mines like fires, explosions, entrapments, and inundations can occur any time, so emergency preparedness is a must. The Disaster management plan and risk assessment in the mines will include all sorts of above-mentioned emergency and the extent that this plan will be implemented will depend on the nature and scope of the emergency. The basic purpose of Disaster management plan and risk assessment to ensure that mine rescue and recovery activities are conducted safely for rescuer and survivors. According to MMR 1961 a standard operating procedure should be drawn for involvement different category of staff and officers. The SOP should be updated periodically to reduce the chaos and response to the emergency should be quick and smooth. The responsible person should be familiar with his responsibility during the mock drills. One or two standbys should be there to replace the person in Emergency situation. Rescue operations should not include the survivors for any assistance. First Information of Disaster / Emergency should go to the attendance clerk on duty. Duties of attendance Clerk (Emergency Siren) the attendance clerk or other designated person should on getting information of major accident, sound a hooter or a siren immediately declaring a state of emergency at the mine and then to contact the manager and on his advice 66

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone) to call key personnel using the information listed in the Emergency Organization Chart. It is important that all telephone calls are recorded in a telephone log book. Duties of Other Officials should be displayed and handed over to all concerned. Copy the same should be kept at Manager’s Office for ready reference. Establishment of Control Room at Unit Level, Area Level and Company Level is essential. Control Room should keep the contact information about –  Company Manager  Company owner/ Administrative officer.  District Administration  Govt. Hospitals in Nearby Localities,  Private Nursing Homes of Localities Attendance roaster and duty charge register should be properly maintained so the record of missing people can be obtained.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

25. DETAILS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ISSUES IN THE DISTRICT:

Occupational Health Hazard and Remedial Measures Occupational injuries cause major health problems that all developed, developing, and underdeveloped nations worldwide are facing. The majority of the workforce is deprived of occupational health services. The estimated economic loss due to work-related injuries and diseases is equivalent to 4% of the world's gross national product. The impact is much higher in developing countries. According to Leigh et al, 100 million occupational injuries occur throughout the world each year. Mine workers are subjected to a number of subtly harmful risks to health and safety, such as a high concentration of mechanical equipment in a confined space. As a result, mine workers are often exposed to a high risk of work-related musculoskeletal injuries, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. A large number of laborers in India work in the stone crushing and mining industries. Mining is a tedious physical work, and involves exposure to colloidal silica and particulate matter. Workers are more prone to dental injuries due to a limited working area. Due to the tedious working schedule, workers develop the habit of alcohol consumption and tobacco use, which leads to deterioration of their oral health. Most of the mine workers are malnourished, have ill health, and suffer from physical impairments due to accidents at mining areas. According to the Mines and Geology Department, the Government of Rajasthan, the average life expectancy of a mine worker is 49 years. This is 10 years less than the life expectancy of workers who work outside the mines. In the workplace, workers are exposed to biological, chemical, and physical agents, which can result in adverse effects ranging from simple discomfort and irritation to debilitating occupational diseases such as lung fibrosis, neuropathy, deafness, organ damage, lung diseases (such as silicosis, tuberculosis, silicotuberculosis, and asthma), and cancers of various sites. The persons employed in the mines are exposed to a number of hazards at work which adversely affect their health. Some of the important ones are dust, noise, heat, humidity, vibration etc. In recent times, there has been increasing awareness among mining industry and the workers about occupational diseases such as Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis, Silicosis, Manganese Poisoning, Hearing Impairment etc. caused by exposure to health hazards at work. Almost all occupational diseases are known to cause permanent disablement and there is no effective treatment. However, most of the occupational diseases can be

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone) prevented by adopting proper occupational health measures and engineering control on airborne dust at workplace. Following diseases have been notified as the diseases connected with mining operations for the purpose of sub-section (1) of Section 25 of the Mines Act, 1952: S.R.O. 1306 dated the 21st July, 1952 1. Silicosis 2. Pneumoconiosis S.R. O. 2521 dated the 26th June, 1986 Cancer of lung or the stomach or the pleura and peritoneum (i.e. mesothelioma) 25 S.O. 399(E) dated 21st February, 2011 1. Noise Induced Hearing Loss 2. Contact Dermatitis caused by direct contact with chemical. 3. Pathological manifestations due to radium or radioactive substances System of Detection of Occupational Diseases in Mines In order to detect occupational diseases the industry is required to conduct medical examinations and health surveillance of workers as per the provisions of Mines Act. The present efforts of mines management are concentrated on detection of silicosis, Pneumoconiosis and other notified diseases. Very little attention is paid to other occupational diseases. The essential features of health surveillance programme required to be carried out in mines are: (a) Initial Medical Examination of persons to be employed in mines. (b) Periodic Medical Examination once every five years. General physical examination, chest radiographs, lung function tests and audiometry. (c) Classification of chest radiographs of workers as per ILO Classification. (d) Medical examination within one year of superannuation. (e) Evaluation of all cases of suspected pneumoconiosis by Pneumoconiosis Medical Board. (f) Maintenance of medical records till the person is in service and 10 years thereafter. The cases of silicosis detected during health surveillance programme are referred to Pneumoconiosis Medical Board of the mining companies for evaluation and certification. If certified, the case is notified to the enforcement authority and evaluated for disability and payment of compensation. Many cases of silicosis and other pneumoconiosis go undetected and a large number of cases of silicosis are misdiagnosed due to lack of training of medical professionals.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

As per data published byNational Health Systems Resource Centre the known causes of deaths in East Singhbhum District is depicted in figure below

Fig 43: Known causes of deaths 6 yrs & above against total reported Known causes of deaths 6 yrs & above - Apr'12 to Mar'13

As can be observed from the above figure fatalities due to mining activities can be taken as negligible.

The National Family Health Survey 2015-16 (NFHS-4), the fourth in the NFHS series, carried out by International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, provides information on population, health and nutrition for India and each State / Union territory. NFHS-4, for the first time, provides district-level estimates for many important indicators. This fact sheet provides information on key indicators and trends for East Singhbhum. NFHS-4 fieldwork for Jharkhand was conducted from 9 April 2016 to 4 December 2016 by Development & Research Services Pvt. Ltd. (DRS). In East Singhbhum, information was gathered from 905 households, 996 women, and 157 men. The fact sheet shows information for rural areas and the district as a whole because East Singhbhum has more than 70% rural population, which provides a sufficiently large sample to produce reliable estimates of most indicators for rural areas.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

26. PLANTATION AND GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT IN RESPECT OF LEASES ALREADY GRANTED IN THE DISTRICT:

Green vegetation cover is beneficial in many ways leading to conservation of biodiversity, retention of soil moisture, recharge of ground water and maintaining pleasant micro climate of the region. In addition, vegetation cover can also absorb pollutants from the environment and helps in effective pollution control.

Green belts are planned open spaces safeguarded from developmental activities such as construction of buildings, factories, dams, etc. Green belts in and around urban and industrial areas are important to the ecological health of any given region. Know more about Green belts and its importance from here.

Mining activities generate pollution to which all the organisms are exposed. Resistance of organisms helps them overcome the hazards caused by such exposures. At the same time, organisms especially animals tend to avoid, or move away, from pollution. It is imperative that pollution is controlled at the source itself. Green belts are thought to be effective in such scenarios. where green plants form a surface capable of absorbing air pollutants and forming sinks for pollutants. Leaves with their vast area in a tree crown, absorb pollutants on their surface, thus effectively reduce the concentrations in the ambient air.

For development of Green Belts two types of approaches are recognized while designing the green belts i) Source oriented approach and ii) receptor- oriented approach. Both these approaches have their own advantages and limitations. It is generally felt that the first approach is advantageous where a single industry is situated and the pollutants emitted by the same are sought to be contained. The latter approach is desirable in urban- industrial complexes with multiple sources of pollution in an industrial - urban mix. Apart from functioning as pollutant sinks, green belts would provide other benefits like aesthetic Improvement and providing possible habitats for birds and animals, thus recreating hospitable nature.

Environmental protection has been considered as an important domain for industrial and other developmental activities in India. Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF & CC) has taken several policy initiatives and promoted integration of environmental concerns in developmental projects. About 33% of the area is to be brought under Green Cover. Plantation on Safety Zone can also be considered. While according Environmental Clearance the mine owners are asked to develop Green Belt. This was not practiced earlier but now the proponents have to develop Green Belts and in time to come this practice will bear fruit.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

27. ANY OTHER INFORMATION:

During the preparation of the present report minor mineral (stone) sites have been studied in detail for grant of mineral concession for mineral based industries, however it is also important to mention here that because of the regular demand of stone for the developmental activities in the respective areas, such sites are prone to illegal mining. It is suggested that the auctions of stone quarries be done regularly to meet out the local demand subject to the approval from the joint Inspection Committee as per Jharkhand Minor Mineral Rules 2017. These mineral concessions shall also reduce demand load and will be helpful to minimize illegal extraction of minerals, failure of which may result in to illegal mining at odd hours and shall be haphazard and more detrimental to the local ecology. Irrespective of it following geo-scientific considerations are also suggested to be taken into account during the stone mining in a particular area:

1. Mining below ground water level should be avoided as a safeguard against environmental contamination and over exploitation of resources.

2. Hazardous effects of such mining activities should be evaluated periodically and avoided for sustainable mining activities.

3. Mining area should be demarcated on the ground with Pucca pillars so as to avoid illegal unscientific mining.

4. All the resources are calculated on the data collected by surface visualization and geological investigation. Hence the resource evaluated may vary during production stages.

5. It is recommended that Sub Divisional Level Committee may take into consideration all its relevant aspects / data while scrutinizing and recommending the application for EC to the concerned Authority.

District Survey Report of East Singhbhum District for Minor Mineral (Stone)

EXECUTIVE ENGINEER DISTRICT MINING OFFICER MINOR IRRIGATION, EAST SINGHBHUM, JAMSHEDPUR. JAMSHEDPUR.

DIVISIONAL FOREST OFFICER DEPUTY COMMISSIONER EAST SINGHBHUM, JAMSHEDPUR. JAMSHEDPUR.