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Diptera: Mythicomyiidae) in Northern Iran, with Description of a New Species

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Diptera: Mythicomyiidae) in Northern Iran, with Description of a New Species Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2014) 38: 257-262 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1209-7 A study of the genus Empidideicus Becker, 1907 (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae) in northern Iran, with description of a new species 1 1, 2 3 Saeedeh HAKIMIAN , Ali Asghar TALEBI *, Babak GHARALI , Neal EVENHUIS 1 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Entomology, Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ghazvin, Iran 3 Department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Received: 09.09.2012 Accepted: 30.11.2012 Published Online: 21.03.2014 Printed: 18.04.2014 Abstract: The genus Empidideicus Becker, 1907 (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae) was studied in 2 provinces of northern Iran (Tehran and Ghazvin provinces). Six species were collected and identified. A new species, Empidideicus formosus Hakimian, Talebi, & Gharali sp. nov., is described and its diagnostic characters are illustrated. This species is closely related to E. unicus Gharali & Evenhuis, 2011, but it is easily distinguished by the almost all-yellow prescutellar area and striated female spermathecal reservoirs. Key words: Empidideicus, Empidideicinae, Mythicomyiidae, new species, Iran 1. Introduction (Diptera: Bombylioidea) of Iran, we have extended our The flies of the family Mythicomyiidae, commonly called study to the genus Empidideicus as it occurs in other microbombyliids, occur all over the world except the regions of northern Iran. Arctic and Antarctic, but are most common in arid and semiarid environments (Hull, 1973). This family contains 2. Materials and methods 6 subfamilies with 30 genera and almost 500 species Materials for this study were collected from the southern worldwide (Evenhuis, 2002). So far, 5 genera and 19 species slopes of the Alborz Mountains (Tehran and Ghazvin of this family have been reported from Iran (Gharali et al., provinces) (Figure 1) in 2010 and 2011 using Malaise traps. 2010a, 2010b, 2011a, 2011b). The specimens were extracted weekly from the Malaise The genus Empidideicus belongs to the subfamily traps and sorted. They were then preserved in 70% ethanol Empidideicinae and occurs only in the Palearctic and or card-mounted and labeled. The photographs were taken Afrotropical regions (Evenhuis, 2002). Adults feed on using an Olympus SZX9 stereomicroscope equipped with nectar and pollen (Gharali et al., 2011b). This genus was a Sony 8.1 digital camera. Specimens of Empidideicus were originally described by Becker (1907) based on a new identified using taxonomic keys of Evenhuis (2009) and species, E. carthaginensis, from Tunisia. Since that time Gharali et al. (2010b, 2011b). The holotype and 1 paratype many new species have been described from different of the new species described here were mounted on card countries around the world (Efflatoun, 1945; Zaitzev, 1971; points by Hoyer’s medium after they were dried by Brown’s Greathead, 1986; Greathead and Evenhuis, 2001; Evenhuis, method (Brown, 1993). The female genitalia of 1 paratype 2007, 2009; Gharali et al., 2010b, 2011b). Evenhuis (2009) were dissected after soaking the female abdomen in KOH described and keyed 8 new species of Empidideicus from solution (10%) for 20 min, and then washed with distilled the United Arab Emirates in 2 subgenera: 1 species in water and mounted as microscopic slides by using Hoyer’s Anomaloptilus Hesse and the other in the nominate medium. The male genitalia of 1 paratype were separated subgenus, Empidideicus. from the end of the abdomen and mounted similarly. This genus was recorded for the first time from Iran by Terminology follows that of Gharali et al. (2010b). The the description of 6 new species from the northern parts morphological and genitalia characters of previously (Gharali et al., 2010b). Two new species were later added described species (Gharali et al., 2011a, 2011b) are not to the Iranian fauna (Gharali et al., 2011b). As part of our presented here, but a key to all species known from Iran is ongoing research on the bee flies and microbombyliids provided. Abbreviations for collections: TMUC = Tarbiat * Correspondence: [email protected] 257 HAKIMIAN et al. / Turk J Zool Modares University Insect Collection, Tehran, Iran; BPBM preserved in alcohol (male genitalia dissected), in the = Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. personal collection of Babak Gharali. Diagnosis. This species is closely related to E. unicus 3. Systematics Gharali & Evenhuis, 2011, but it is easily distinguished Genus Empidideicus Becker, 1907: 97. by the yellow prescutellar area (this area completely black Type species: Empidideicus carthaginiensis Becker, 1907, by in E. unicus) and the shape of the spermathecal reservoir, monotypy. cylindrical with external striation (subcylindrical without Synonyms: Cyrtoidea Engel, 1933; Ecliptica Engel, 1933; any striation in E. unicus). Anomaloptilus Hesse, 1938; Aetheoptilus Hesse, 1967. Description. Female. Length 2.1–2.2 mm (female), 1.7– Diagnosis: The genus Empidideicus differs from other 1.8 mm (male) (Figure 2a). Empidideicinae genera by the following combination of Head (Figure 2a). Subglobular, slightly higher than characters: R absent, ocelli as a triangle, first flagellomere 2+3 long; eyes dichoptic, separated at vertex by 2× distance subcylindrical, second flagellomere long, antennal stylus between lateral ocelli; ocellar triangle black; vertex black; not reduced, and spermathecal reservoir with an apical occiput black medially, black color narrowly joined to invagination (Greathead and Evenhuis, 1997, 2001). Empidideicus formosus Hakimian, Talebi, & Gharali, sp. upper eye margin, yellow laterally, with minute pubescence; nov. postgena yellow; frons yellow, slightly depressed medially Material examined. Holotype 1♀ (dried by HMDS) with crescent-shaped black spot; face and oral margin and 2♀ and 3♂ paratypes (preserved in alcohol, 1 female yellow; mentum yellow; antennae set in deep pocket. paratype dissected), IRAN: Tehran Province, Karaj, Antenna (Figure 2b). Two basal segments of antennae 35°46′08.88″N, 50°56′55.20″E, 1277 m (Figure 1), Malaise yellow; scape short subtrapezoidal; pedicel spheroid- trap, 6–20 July 2010, leg. M. Kheyrandish (TMUC). 2♂ ellipsoid; first flagellomere dark brown, lanceolate, length and 1♀ paratypes (preserved in alcohol), IRAN: Tehran about 1.7× width; second flagellomere bullet-shaped, Province, Shahriyar, 35°40′03.06″N, 50°56′52.14″E, yellowish brown, length 0.7× that of first flagellomere; 1168 m (Figure 1), Malaise trap, 6–13 July 2010, data as apical style transparent, 0.35× length of second holotype (BPBM); 1♂ paratype, IRAN: Tehran Province, flagellomere; clypeus yellow; labrum brown, sclerotized, Karaj, 35°46′08.88″N, 50°56′55.20″E, 1277 m (Figure 1), stiff, pointed apically, longer than head length; proboscis Malaise trap, 6–20 July 2010, same data as holotype except brown, about 1.4× labrum; palpi not evident. Figure 1. Distribution map of the Empidideicus species in Iran. 258 HAKIMIAN et al. / Turk J Zool Thorax (Figure 2c). Mesonotum laterally from humeral spermathecal duct very long, length 2 times that of basal callus to postalar callus yellow, prescutellar area at least spermathecal duct; furca U-shaped, lateral arms apically next to scutellum brown or black, with a narrow blackish broadened as plates with 2 finger-like processes. brown stripe joint to scutellum, scutellum yellow with Male. Similar to female. small brown mark basomedially; pleura yellow except Male genitalia. (Figures 3c and 3d). Gonocoxa fused, black on following: 1/4 of lower margin and most of ellipsoid, less sclerotized, medially with sclerotized strip, ventral margin of anepisternum, at 2/4 of anterior margin gonostylus with 2 large sickle-shaped appendages and and most of ventral margin of anepimeron; katepisternum 2 small finger-shaped appendages, aedeagal bulb large, completely except upper margin narrowly yellow; meron oval, basal aedeagal apodeme narrow, slightly shorter completely except ventral margin narrowly yellow legs. than lateral aedeagal apodeme; lateral aedeagal apodeme Coxa I yellow, coxae II and III brownish yellow basally; subrectangular with pointed tip. femur and tibia yellow; tarsi yellow except last 3 segments Etymology. The name formosus (Latin, adjective, yellowish brown; claw black. masculine), meaning “beautiful”, refers to the beautiful Wing (Figure 3a). Hyaline, length (from base to end habitus of the adult specimens. of R4+5) about 2.2× width (from end of R1 to CuA2); veins Distribution. This species is currently known from brown; costa, Sc, R4+5, and CuA2 well sclerotized; veins M1, only the north of Iran (Tehran Province). Specimens M2, M1+2, and CuA1 less sclerotized; costa ends slightly were collected from areas with vegetation dominated by beyond end of R4+5; Sc incomplete; R4+5 fairly straight to rosaceous plants. wing margin, meeting costa well beyond level of CuA1; The new species can be incorporated into the M1 separated from M2 at an acute angle, sinuate to wing identification key of Empidideicus prepared by Gharali et margin, M2 straight, slightly curved apically, about 2 times al. (2011b) as follows: as long as M1+2; cell dm open apically; A1 straight to wing 1. Discal cell closed (subgenus Anomalopthilus Hesse) margin; anal cell open in wing margin by width shorter .......................... E. (A.) turkestanicus Paramonov, 1934 than r-m cross vein; fringe of hair shortest at wing tip – Discal cell open ............................................................
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