DOCSLIB.ORG

Os Peixes Formam Um Grupo Parafilético Surgido No Siluriano E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Os Peixes Formam Um Grupo Parafilético Surgido No Siluriano E MARIA APARECIDA FERNANDES PADRÕES TEMPORAIS E GRAU DE DIVERSIFICAÇÃO CARIOTÍPICA EM ESPÉCIES ATLÂNTICAS DA FAMÍLIA ACANTHURIDAE (PERCIFORMES) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, em cumprimento às exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Sistemática e Evolução. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Wagner Franco Molina NATAL-RN 2015 1 Catalogação da Publicação na Fonte. UFRN / Biblioteca Setorial do Centro de Biociências Fernandes, Maria Aparecida. Padrões temporais e grau de diversificação cariotípica em espécies Atlânticas da família Acanthuridae (Perciformes) / Maria Aparecida Fernandes. – Natal, RN, 2015. 54 f.: il. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Wagner Franco Molina. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Centro de Biociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução. 1. Evolução cromossômica. – Dissertação. 2. Fusões cêntricas. – Dissertação. 3. Acanthuridae. – Dissertação . I. Molina, Wagner Franco II. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. III. Título. RN/UF/BSE-CB CDU 575 2 MARIA APARECIDA FERNANDES PADRÕES TEMPORAIS E GRAU DE DIVERSIFICAÇÃO CARIOTÍPICA EM ESPÉCIES ATLÂNTICAS DA FAMÍLIA ACANTHURIDAE (PERCIFORMES) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, em cumprimento às exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Sistemática e Evolução. Área de concentração: Sistemática e Evolução Aprovada em 26/03/2015 BANCA EXAMINADORA: __________________________________________________________ Dr. Wagner Franco Molina Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Norte (Orientador) ___________________________________________________________ Dra. Sathyabama Chellappa Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte ___________________________________________________________ Dr. Roberto Ferreira Artoni Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa 3 DEDICATÓRIA A meus pais Vilmar (In memoriam) e Inácia, por todo amor, conselhos e dedicação, e a meu esposo Leandro pelo incondicional apoio ao longo desses anos. A vocês todo meu amor e gratidão. 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de agradecer especialmente aos meus pais, por todo esforço empenhado em minha educação. As minhas irmãs (Josivânia e Josenilda) e irmãos (Adriano, Mariano e João Paulo) pela maravilhosa convivência familiar, pelo carinho demonstrado e principalmente pela compreensão nos momentos difíceis! Ao meu esposo Leandro pelo companheirismo e por contribuir sempre de maneira incondicional para o meu crescimento pessoal e profissional. Ao professor Dr. Wagner Franco Molina, pelo apoio, orientação e confiança depositados durante a realização deste trabalho. Aos companheiros de luta do LGRM: Gideão, Karlla, Rafael, Rodrigo, Amanda, Paulo, Clóvis, Juliana, Inailson, Allyson, Josi, Roberta, Calado e Cris. Obrigada a todos pelas significativas contribuições seja nos procedimentos laboratoriais e/ou em campo, e pelos momentos de descontração durante nossos cafezinhos. Registro também meu agradecimento à minha querida professora Drª. Simone Almeida por todo apoio, disponibilidade e conselhos (acadêmicos e pessoais) desde os primeiros momentos da minha vida acadêmica. Agradeço também as professoras Drª Danielle Pereti, Danielly Alves e Drª Maisa Clari pelo apoio durante a graduação e a transição para o mestrado. À CAPES pela concessão da bolsa de estudos. À UFRN e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução por me permitir concluir mais esta estapa de meu processo educacional. Ao CNPq pelo suporte financeiro (Processo No. 556793/2009-9), INCT “Ciências do Mar,” , FAPESB (no. APP0064/2011) e ICMBio/SISBIO (licenças 19135-1, 131360-1, e 27027-2) pela autorização de coleta de espécimes. 5 SUMÁRIO 1. INTRODUÇÃO 1.1. Família Acanthuridae 11 1.2. Filogenia e evolução da família Acanthuridae 12 1.3. Aspectos biológicos e taxonômicos do gênero Acanthurus 13 1.4. Citogenética como ferramenta para inferências evolutivas 16 2. OBJETIVOS 2.1. Objetivo geral 19 2.2. Objetivos específicos 19 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS 3.1. Material 20 3.2. Métodos 20 3.2.1. Obtenção de cromossomos mitóticos 20 3.2.2. Análises cromossômicas e montagem do cariótipo 20 3.2.3. Detecção de regiões organizadoras de nucléolo 21 3.2.4. Detecção de heterocromatina constitutiva 21 3.2.5. Dupla coloração com fluorocromos base-específicos 21 3.2.6. Hibridação in situ fluorescente FISH 22 3.2.6.1. Obtenção de sondas para hibridação 22 3.2.6.2. Hibridação cromossômica 22 4. CAPÍTULO I - Sequential Steps of Chromosomal Differentiation in 24 Atlantic Surgeonfishes: Evolutionary Inferences 5. CAPÍTULO II - Atlantic Surgeonfishes Bear Only Minor 37 Microstructural Changes in Highly Derived Karyotypes 6. CONCLUSÕES 48 7. REFERÊNCIAS 49 6 LISTA DE FIGURAS Parte introdutória Figura 1. (a) Hipótese filogenética para a família Acanthuridae, 13 modificado de Sorenson et al. (2013). (b) Relações entre espécies do gênero Acanthurus presentes no Atlântico, proposta por Bernal & Rocha (2011). Figura 2. Espécime de Acanthurus coeruleus. Em destaque indivíduo na 15 fase juvenil. Barra: 2 cm. Figura 3. Espécime de Acanthurus chirurgus. Barra: 2 cm. 15 Figura 4. Espécime de Acanthurus bahianus. Barra: 2 cm. 16 Capítulo 1 Figura 1. Mapa da América do Sul mostrando os pontos de coleta de 26 Acanthurus coeruleus (a), A. bahianus (b), e A. chirurgus (c) no estado do Rio Grande do Norte (1) e Bahia (2), nordeste do Brasil. Figura 2. Cariótipos de Acanthurus coeruleus ((a) e (b)) com 2푛 = 48, A. 28 bahianus ((c) e (d)) com 2푛 = 36, e A. chirurgus ((e) e (f) ) com 2푛 = 34, após coloração convencional com Giemsa ((a), (c), e (e)) e badamento-C ((b), (d) e (f)). Os cromossomos portadores de RONs, de cada espécie, após tratamento com nitrato de prata são apresentados em caixas (par 2 de A. coeruleus e par de 8 de A. bahianus e A. chirurgus). Figura 3. Idiogramas de conjuntos cromossômicos de Acanthurus 29 coeruleus (a), A. bahianus (b), e A. chirurgus (c) mostrando as características citogenéticas mais conspícuas divididas em caixas. Em (d), o cariótipo basal dos Perciformes (2푛 = 48a) e uma hipótese filogenética com base em rearranjos 7 cromossômicos sequênciais inferidos nas três espécies Acanthurus. Capítulo 2 Figura 1. Cariótipo e metáfases de A. coeruleus (A), A. bahianus (B) e A. 40 chirurgus (C) após a coloração Giemsa (esquerda), two-color FISH (centro) com DNAr 18S (vermelho) e 5S DNAr (sinais verdes) distribuição de sondas de (TTAGGG)n sequências (direita). Caixa, os cromossomos portadores de RONs são mostrados após a coloração de nitrato de prata (esquerda) e coloração com fluorocromos (centro). Barra = 5m. Figura 2. Idiograma de A. coeruleus (A), A. bahianus (B) e A. chirurgus 44 (C), combinando os resultados de NOR / localização de região rica em GC e mapeamento físico de ribossomal e sequências teloméricas. Os cromossomos homeólogos derivados de inversões pericêntricas (cromossomos sm-st) e fusões cêntricas (m-cromossomos) são destacados nas caixas. O asterisco no par 7 de A. chirurgus indica uma suposta autapomorfia (fusão em tandem) para esta espécie. 8 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS 2n – Número diploide a – Acrocêntrico AFLP – Amplified fragment lenght polymorphism AgNO3 – Nitrato de prata Ag-RONs – Regiões organizadoras de nucléolo evidenciadas pela impregnação com nitrato de prata AT – Adenina e Timina Ba(OH)28H2O – Hidróxido de bário BC – Bandamento C CMA3 – Cromomicina A3 DAPI – 4`4’,6-diamidino-2-fenilindol DNA – Ácido desoxirribonucleico DNAr/rDNA – Ácido desoxirribonucleico ribossômico FISH – Fluorescence in situ hybridization GC – Guanina e Citosina HCl – Ácido clorídrico KCl – Cloreto de potássio LGRM – Laboratório de Genética de Recursos Marinhos m – Metacêntrico Ma – Milhões de anos MM - Mitramicina n – Número amostral NF – Número fundamental RN – Rio Grande do Norte RNAr/rRNA – Ácido ribonucleico ribossômico RONs – Regiões organizadoras de nucléolo sm – Submetacêntrico st – Subtelocêntrico UFRN – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte 9 RESUMO A família Acanthuridae é um grupo bastante representativo dentre os peixes marinhos e que desempenha um papel fundamental na dinâmica ecológica dos recifes de corais. Três espécies pertencentes ao gênero Acanthurus são comuns ao longo dos recifes costeiros do Atlântico Ocidental: A. coeruleus, A. bahianus e A. chirurgus. No presente estudo, são apresentados dados citogenéticos para estas três espécies de Acanthurus com base em métodos citogenéticos clássicos e no mapeamento de sequências ribossomais repetitivas, como DNAr 18S e 5S, além de sondas teloméricas com a finalidade de auxiliar na compreensão da carioevolução deste grupo. O padrão citogenético dessas espécies indica que as etapas sequenciais de rearranjos cromossômicos, que datam 19-5 milhões de anos atrás (Ma), são responsáveis por suas diferenças interespecíficas. Acanthurus coeruleus (2n=48; 2sm + 4st + 42a), A. bahianus (2n=36; 12m + 2sm + 4st + 18a) e A. chirurgus (2n=34; 12m + 2sm + 4st + 16a) compartilham um antigo conjunto de três pares cromossômicos originados através de inversões pericêntricas. Um conjunto de seis grandes pares metacêntricos formados por translocações Robertsonianas (Rb) encontrado em A. bahianus e A. chirurgus e uma suposta fusão em tandem presente em A. chirurgus são eventos mais recentes. A falta de sequências teloméricas intersticiais (ITS), apesar de várias fusões cêntricas em A. bahianus e A. chirurgus pode estar relacionada com o longo período de tempo após a sua ocorrência (estimado em 5 Ma). Além disso,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Capture, Identification and Culture Techniques of Coral Reef Fish Larvae
    COMPONENT 2A - Project 2A1 PCC development February 2009 TRAINING COURSE REPORT CCapture,apture, iidentidentifi ccationation aandnd ccultureulture ttechniquesechniques ooff ccoraloral rreefeef fi sshh llarvaearvae ((FrenchFrench PPolynesia)olynesia) AAuthor:uthor: VViliameiliame PitaPita WaqalevuWaqalevu Photo credit: Eric CLUA The CRISP Coordinating Unit (CCU) was integrated into the Secretariat of the Pacifi c Community in April 2008 to insure maximum coordination and synergy in work relating to coral reef management in the region. The CRISP programme is implemented as part of the policy developed by the Secretariat of the Pacifi c Regional Environment Programme for a contribution to conservation and sustainable development of coral reefs in the Pacifi c he Initiative for the Protection and Management The CRISP Programme comprises three major compo- T of Coral Reefs in the Pacifi c (CRISP), sponsored nents, which are: by France and prepared by the French Development Agency (AFD) as part of an inter-ministerial project Component 1A: Integrated Coastal Management and from 2002 onwards, aims to develop a vision for the Watershed Management future of these unique ecosystems and the communi- - 1A1: Marine biodiversity conservation planning ties that depend on them and to introduce strategies - 1A2: Marine Protected Areas and projects to conserve their biodiversity, while de- - 1A3: Institutional strengthening and networking veloping the economic and environmental services - 1A4: Integrated coastal reef zone and watershed that they provide both locally and globally. Also, it is management designed as a factor for integration between deve- Component 2: Development of Coral Ecosystems loped countries (Australia, New Zealand, Japan and - 2A: Knowledge, benefi cial use and management USA), French overseas territories and Pacifi c Island de- of coral ecosytems veloping countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Sharkcam Fishes
    SharkCam Fishes A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower By Erin J. Burge, Christopher E. O’Brien, and jon-newbie 1 Table of Contents Identification Images Species Profiles Additional Info Index Trevor Mendelow, designer of SharkCam, on August 31, 2014, the day of the original SharkCam installation. SharkCam Fishes. A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower. 5th edition by Erin J. Burge, Christopher E. O’Brien, and jon-newbie is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. For questions related to this guide or its usage contact Erin Burge. The suggested citation for this guide is: Burge EJ, CE O’Brien and jon-newbie. 2020. SharkCam Fishes. A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower. 5th edition. Los Angeles: Explore.org Ocean Frontiers. 201 pp. Available online http://explore.org/live-cams/player/shark-cam. Guide version 5.0. 24 February 2020. 2 Table of Contents Identification Images Species Profiles Additional Info Index TABLE OF CONTENTS SILVERY FISHES (23) ........................... 47 African Pompano ......................................... 48 FOREWORD AND INTRODUCTION .............. 6 Crevalle Jack ................................................. 49 IDENTIFICATION IMAGES ...................... 10 Permit .......................................................... 50 Sharks and Rays ........................................ 10 Almaco Jack ................................................. 51 Illustrations of SharkCam
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Acanthurus Chirurgus (Bloch, 1787) from the Central Mediterranean, with Notes on Other Acanthuridae Recorded in the Region
    BioInvasions Records (2017) Volume 6, Issue 2: 105–109 Open Access DOI: https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2017.6.2.03 © 2017 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2017 REABIC Rapid Communication A bevy of surgeons: first record of Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch, 1787) from the central Mediterranean, with notes on other Acanthuridae recorded in the region Julian Evans1,*, Reno Tonna2 and Patrick J. Schembri1 1Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta 2Namaste Flat 5, Triq il-Merzuq, Birzebbuga, Malta Author e-mails: [email protected] (JE), [email protected] (RT), [email protected] (PJS) *Corresponding author Received: 16 November 2016 / Accepted: 13 December 2016 / Published online: 24 January 2017 Handling editor: Ernesto Azzurro Abstract The doctorfish Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch, 1787) is reported for the first time from the central Mediterranean, based on a specimen caught in Maltese waters during August 2016. Since the only previous Mediterranean record of this species was based on a single individual observed in the Tyrrhenian Sea, the present record likely represents an independent introduction that may have occurred through the aquarium trade or via shipping. Two other surgeonfish species, Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch and Schneider, 1801 and Acanthurus monroviae Steindachner, 1876, were previously recorded from the central Mediterranean. While A. coeruleus may have established a population in the Levantine Sea, like A. chirurgus it has only been reported once from Malta (and from the central Mediterranean in general); both A. coeruleus and A. chirurgus are, therefore, considered to be casual species in Maltese waters. In contrast, A. monroviae was reported from several Mediterranean countries including Tunisia and Malta in the central Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • First Records of the Fish Abudefduf Sexfasciatus (Lacepède, 1801) and Acanthurus Sohal (Forsskål, 1775) in the Mediterranean Sea
    BioInvasions Records (2018) Volume 7, Issue 2: 205–210 Open Access DOI: https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2018.7.2.14 © 2018 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2018 REABIC Rapid Communication First records of the fish Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepède, 1801) and Acanthurus sohal (Forsskål, 1775) in the Mediterranean Sea Ioannis Giovos1,*, Giacomo Bernardi2, Georgios Romanidis-Kyriakidis1, Dimitra Marmara1 and Periklis Kleitou1,3 1iSea, Environmental Organization for the Preservation of the Aquatic Ecosystems, Thessaloniki, Greece 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA 3Marine and Environmental Research (MER) Lab Ltd., Limassol, Cyprus *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 26 October 2017 / Accepted: 16 January 2018 / Published online: 14 March 2018 Handling editor: Ernesto Azzurro Abstract To date, the Mediterranean Sea has been subjected to numerous non-indigenous species’ introductions raising the attention of scientists, managers, and media. Several introduction pathways contribute to these introduction, including Lessepsian migration via the Suez Canal, accounting for approximately 100 fish species, and intentional or non-intentional aquarium releases, accounting for at least 18 species introductions. In the context of the citizen science project of iSea “Is it alien to you?… Share it”, several citizens are engaged and regularly report observations of alien, rare or unknown marine species. The project aims to monitor the establishment and expansion of alien species in Greece. In this study, we present the first records of two popular high-valued aquarium species, the scissortail sergeant, Abudefduf sexfasciatus and the sohal surgeonfish, Acanthurus sohal, in along the Mediterranean coastline of Greece. The aggressive behaviour of the two species when in captivity, and the absence of records from areas close to the Suez Canal suggest that both observations are the result of aquarium intentional releases, rather than a Lessepsian migration.
    [Show full text]
  • Venom Evolution Widespread in Fishes: a Phylogenetic Road Map for the Bioprospecting of Piscine Venoms
    Journal of Heredity 2006:97(3):206–217 ª The American Genetic Association. 2006. All rights reserved. doi:10.1093/jhered/esj034 For permissions, please email: [email protected]. Advance Access publication June 1, 2006 Venom Evolution Widespread in Fishes: A Phylogenetic Road Map for the Bioprospecting of Piscine Venoms WILLIAM LEO SMITH AND WARD C. WHEELER From the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027 (Leo Smith); Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Ichthyology), American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192 (Leo Smith); and Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192 (Wheeler). Address correspondence to W. L. Smith at the address above, or e-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Knowledge of evolutionary relationships or phylogeny allows for effective predictions about the unstudied characteristics of species. These include the presence and biological activity of an organism’s venoms. To date, most venom bioprospecting has focused on snakes, resulting in six stroke and cancer treatment drugs that are nearing U.S. Food and Drug Administration review. Fishes, however, with thousands of venoms, represent an untapped resource of natural products. The first step in- volved in the efficient bioprospecting of these compounds is a phylogeny of venomous fishes. Here, we show the results of such an analysis and provide the first explicit suborder-level phylogeny for spiny-rayed fishes. The results, based on ;1.1 million aligned base pairs, suggest that, in contrast to previous estimates of 200 venomous fishes, .1,200 fishes in 12 clades should be presumed venomous.
    [Show full text]
  • Hotspots, Extinction Risk and Conservation Priorities of Greater Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Marine Bony Shorefishes
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations Biological Sciences Summer 2016 Hotspots, Extinction Risk and Conservation Priorities of Greater Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Marine Bony Shorefishes Christi Linardich Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biology Commons, Environmental Health and Protection Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Linardich, Christi. "Hotspots, Extinction Risk and Conservation Priorities of Greater Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Marine Bony Shorefishes" (2016). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/hydh-jp82 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds/13 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HOTSPOTS, EXTINCTION RISK AND CONSERVATION PRIORITIES OF GREATER CARIBBEAN AND GULF OF MEXICO MARINE BONY SHOREFISHES by Christi Linardich B.A. December 2006, Florida Gulf Coast University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE BIOLOGY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2016 Approved by: Kent E. Carpenter (Advisor) Beth Polidoro (Member) Holly Gaff (Member) ABSTRACT HOTSPOTS, EXTINCTION RISK AND CONSERVATION PRIORITIES OF GREATER CARIBBEAN AND GULF OF MEXICO MARINE BONY SHOREFISHES Christi Linardich Old Dominion University, 2016 Advisor: Dr. Kent E. Carpenter Understanding the status of species is important for allocation of resources to redress biodiversity loss.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoplias Malabaricus (Guabine) Family: Erythrinidae (Trahiras) Order: Characiformes (Characins and Allied Fish) Class: Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fish)
    UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Behaviour Hoplias malabaricus (Guabine) Family: Erythrinidae (Trahiras) Order: Characiformes (Characins and Allied Fish) Class: Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fish) Fig. 1. Guabine, Hoplias malabaricus. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Hoplias_malabaricus1.jpg/800px- Hoplias_malabaricus1.jpg , downloaded 13 November 2012] TRAITS. The guabine, Hoplias malabaricus, is also known as wolf-fish or tahira in Trinidad and Tobago (Phillip & Ramnarine 2001). This freshwater fish can grow up to 40 cm in length and can weigh more than 1.5 kg (Kenny 2008). The shape is cylindrical and it has a large mouth since it is a predatory creature. The name wolf-fish was given to the guabine due to the presence of the dog-like teeth. When bitten, the jaws of this fish are locked onto the prey (Kenny 2008). The coloration of the guabine fish is usually dark brown or grey as seen in Fig.1 above with either darker vertical stripes or a single horizontal stripe on the body (Wikipedia, 2012) so that they can camouflage and hunt better. The fish can be identified and distinguished from other species by the shape of the under-jaw where a V-shape is formed when the inside jaw lines come to the front of the fish (Cousins 2011). The juvenile stages of the guabine resemble the adult forms with the exception of the size where the juveniles are more slender than the adults. According to Cousins (2011), the females have a bigger build than the males. UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Behaviour ECOLOGY.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Risk Patterns of Freshwater Megafauna: a Global Perspective
    Diversity and risk patterns of freshwater megafauna: A global perspective Inaugural-Dissertation to obtain the academic degree Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in River Science Submitted to the Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy of Freie Universität Berlin By FENGZHI HE 2019 This thesis work was conducted between October 2015 and April 2019, under the supervision of Dr. Sonja C. Jähnig (Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries), Jun.-Prof. Dr. Christiane Zarfl (Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen), Dr. Alex Henshaw (Queen Mary University of London) and Prof. Dr. Klement Tockner (Freie Universität Berlin and Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries). The work was carried out at Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany and Queen Mary University of London, UK. 1st Reviewer: Dr. Sonja C. Jähnig 2nd Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Klement Tockner Date of defense: 27.06. 2019 The SMART Joint Doctorate Programme Research for this thesis was conducted with the support of the Erasmus Mundus Programme, within the framework of the Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate (EMJD) SMART (Science for MAnagement of Rivers and their Tidal systems). EMJDs aim to foster cooperation between higher education institutions and academic staff in Europe and third countries with a view to creating centres of excellence and providing a highly skilled 21st century workforce enabled to lead social, cultural and economic developments. All EMJDs involve mandatory mobility between the universities in the consortia and lead to the award of recognised joint, double or multiple degrees. The SMART programme represents a collaboration among the University of Trento, Queen Mary University of London and Freie Universität Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • Anilocra Prionuri (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), a Marine Fish Ectoparasite, from the Northern Ryukyu Islands, Southern Japan, with a Note on a Skin Wound of Infected Fish
    Crustacean Research 2018 Vol.47: 29–33 ©Carcinological Society of Japan. doi: 10.18353/crustacea.47.0_29 Anilocra prionuri (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), a marine fish ectoparasite, from the northern Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan, with a note on a skin wound of infected fish Kazuya Nagasawa, Masaya Fujimoto Abstract.̶ Anilocra prionuri Williams & Bunkley-Williams, 1986, is reported based on a female specimen collected from the skin below the nostril of a scalpel saw- tail, Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes, 1835, in the southern East China Sea off Kuchinoerabu-jima Island, one of the northern Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan. Anilo- cra prionuri was previously reported only from off the Pacific coast of central Hon- shu, Japan, but the present collection extends the geographical distribution range of the species from central Honshu southwest to the northern Ryukyu Islands and repre- sents its first record from the East China Sea. The fish had a wound with heavily dam- aged epidermis at the attachment site of A. prionuri. It was a rare parasite of P. scal- prum at the collection site. Key words: cymothoid, new locality, pathology The Ryukyu Islands are a chain of islands & Smit, 2017), also occur off the southern extending ca. 1,100 km from Kyushu, the Ryukyu Islands, these species have not been southernmost major island of Japan, south- reported from the region but other Japanese westward to Taiwan. The cymothoid fauna of waters (see Williams & Bunkley-Williams, the southern Ryukyu Islands has been well 1986). Contrary to the well-studied cymothoid studied, currently consisting of six nominal fauna of the southern Ryukyu Islands, that of species: Cterissa sakaii Bunkley-Williams & the northern Ryukyu Islands is poorly under- Williams, 1986; Cymothoa pulchra Lanchester, stood with only one record of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Sharkcam Fishes a Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower by Erin J
    SharkCam Fishes A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower By Erin J. Burge, Christopher E. O’Brien, and jon-newbie 1 Table of Contents Identification Images Species Profiles Additional Information Index Trevor Mendelow, designer of SharkCam, on August 31, 2014, the day of the original SharkCam installation SharkCam Fishes. A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower. 3rd edition by Erin J. Burge, Christopher E. O’Brien, and jon-newbie is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. For questions related to this guide or its usage contact Erin Burge. The suggested citation for this guide is: Burge EJ, CE O’Brien and jon-newbie. 2018. SharkCam Fishes. A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower. 3rd edition. Los Angeles: Explore.org Ocean Frontiers. 169 pp. Available online http://explore.org/live-cams/player/shark-cam. Guide version 3.0. 26 January 2018. 2 Table of Contents Identification Images Species Profiles Additional Information Index TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD AND INTRODUCTION.................................................................................. 8 IDENTIFICATION IMAGES .......................................................................................... 11 Sharks and Rays ................................................................................................................................... 11 Table: Relative frequency of occurrence and relative size ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolutionary History of Sawtail Surgeonfishes
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84 (2015) 166–172 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Skipping across the tropics: The evolutionary history of sawtail surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae: Prionurus) ⇑ William B. Ludt a, , Luiz A. Rocha b, Mark V. Erdmann b,c, Prosanta Chakrabarty a a Ichthyology Section, Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, 119 Foster Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States b Section of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Dr., San Francisco, CA 94118, United States c Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program, Jl. Dr. Muwardi No. 17, Renon, Bali 80361, Indonesia article info abstract Article history: Fishes described as ‘‘anti-equatorial’’ have disjunct distributions, inhabiting temperate habitat patches on Received 15 October 2014 both sides of the tropics. Several alternative hypotheses suggest how and when species with disjunct Revised 22 December 2014 distributions crossed uninhabitable areas, including: ancient vicariant events, competitive exclusion from Accepted 23 December 2014 the tropics, and more recent dispersal during Pliocene and Pleistocene glacial periods. Surgeonfishes in Available online 14 January 2015 the genus Prionurus can provide novel insight into this pattern as its member species have disjunct distributions inhabiting either temperate latitudes, cold-water upwellings in the tropics, or low diversity Keywords: tropical reef ecosystems. Here the evolutionary history and historical biogeography of Prionurus is Anti-tropical examined using a dataset containing both mitochondrial and nuclear data for all seven extant species. Anti-equatorial Ancestral range Our results indicate that Prionurus is monophyletic and Miocene in origin. Several relationships remain Biogeography problematic, including the placement of the Australian P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Red Knob Starfish
    Redfish April, 2012 (Issue #10) Specialist Stars the Red Knob Starfish Reef Cichlids Marine Feeding your corals! Pseudotropheus flavus! Surgeons & tangs explored! Marine Aqua One Wavemakers.indd 1 11/04/12 2:55 PM Redfish contents redfishmagazine.com.au 4 About 5 Off the Shelf 7 Pseudotropheus flavus Redfish is: Jessica Drake, Nicole Sawyer, 10 Today in the Fishroom Julian Corlet & David Midgley Email: [email protected] 18 Surgeonfishes Web: redfishmagazine.com.au Facebook: facebook.com/redfishmagazine Twitter: @redfishmagazine 28 Horned Starfish Redfish Publishing. Pty Ltd. PO Box 109 Berowra Heights, 32 Feeding Corals NSW, Australia, 2082. ACN: 151 463 759 38 Community listing This month’s Eye Candy Contents Page Photos cour- tesy: (Top row. Left to Right) ‘Sweetlips’ by Jon Connell ‘Fish pond at the University of Chicago’ by Steve Browne & John Verkleir ‘rainbowfish’ by boscosami@flickr ‘Tarpon’ by Ines Hegedus-Garcia ‘National Arboretum - Koi Pond II’ by Michael Bentley (Bottom row. Left to Right) ‘Being Watched’ by Tony Alter ‘Untitled’ by Keith Bellvay ‘Clownfish’ by Erica Breetoe ‘Yellow Watchman Goby’ by Clay van Schalkwijk Two Caribbean Flamingo Tongue ‘Horned Viper’ by Paul Albertella Snails (Cyphona gibbosum) feeding on a soft-coral (Plexaura flexuosa). Photo by Laszlo Ilyes The Fine Print Redfish Magazine General Advice Warning The advice contained in this publication is general in nature and has been prepared without understanding your personal situ- ation, experience, setup, livestock and/or environmental conditions. This general advice is not a substitute for, or equivalent of, advice from a professional aquarist, aquarium retailer or veterinarian. Distribution We encourage you to share our website address online, or with friends.
    [Show full text]