aqua Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology Vol. 4 (3), April 2001

Aquapress ISSN 0945-9871 aqua - Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology Managing Editor: Scope and aims Heiko Bleher Via G. Falcone 11 - 27010 Miradolo Terme (PV) - Italy aqua is an international journal which publishes original Tel.: +39 0382 754707/08 - Fax: +39 0382 754129 scientific articles in the fields of systematics, taxonomy, e-mail: [email protected] biogeography, ethology, ecology, and general biology of fishes, amphibians, aquatic invertebrates, and plants. Scientific Editor: Papers on freshwater, brackish, and marine organisms Dr. Walter Ivantsoff will be considered. aqua is fully refereed and aims at Senior Research Fellow publishing manuscripts within 2-4 months of acceptance. Department of Biological Sciences With the publication of aqua we are pursuing a new con - Macquarie University N.S.W. 2109 - Australia cept: this scientific journal is being issued parallel to e-mail: [email protected] aqua geõgraphia , an international magazine which pre - Tel. +61 2 9850 8167 - Fax +61 2 9850 8245 sents life above and in the water. The simultaneous pub - lication of a popular and a scientific periodical will guar - antee a high number of copies and a wide distribution at Editorial Board: a low price. In view of the importance of colour patterns Gerald R. Allen - I Dreyer Road Roleystone, in species identification and animal ethology, authors are W.A. Australia 6111 encouraged to submit colour illustrations as well as descriptions of coloration. It is our aim to provide Henri J. Dumont, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Laboratorium the international scientific community with an efficiently voor Ecologie der Dieren, Zoogeografie en Natuur- published series meeting high scientific and technical behoud, K. L. Ledeganckstraat, 9000 Gent, Belgium standards. Jacques Géry, Chemin du Plantier, 24200 Sarlat, France Call for papers Jean-Pierre Gosse, Boulevard de la Meuse, 115 5000 Namur - Belgium The editors welcome the submission of original manu - scripts which should be sent directly to the scientific edi - Frank Kirschbaum, Institut für Gewässerökologie und tor. Full length research papers and short notes will be Binnenfischerei, Abt. 4 Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V. considered for publication. There are no page charges Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany and colour illustrations will be published free of charge. Authors will receive 50 free reprints of each paper. Friedhelm Krupp, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg - Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Ger - many Subscription Notice

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Lothar Seegers, Grenzstraße 47b, 46535 Dinslaken, Germany Wolfgang Villwock, Universität Hamburg, Zoologisches ISSN 0945-9871 Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Martin-Luther-King- Publisher: Aquapress, Redazione aqua Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany I-27010 Miradolo Terme (Pavia) - Italy Printer: SATE, 24049 Zingonia-Verdellino - Italy Chem Yi-yu, Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica, Typesetting: Rossella Bulla Wuhan Hubei, P. R. China © 2001 aqua , Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology Three New Species of Labrid Fishes of the Genus Cirrhilabrus from Islands of the Tropical Pacific

John E. Randall and Richard L. Pyle

Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-2704, USA

Accepted: 24.10.2000

Keywords turati a 92 m. al largo di Rarotonga, Isole di Cook; C. Taxonomy, labrid fishes, Cirrhilabrus, new species, earlei sulla base di nove esemplari, 45.1-69.1 mm., rac - tropical Pacific colti a 80-92 m. a Palau; e C. walshi sulla base di due esemplari maschi, 56.0-62.8 mm., presi a 37-46 m. al Abstract largo di Taumu Bank, Tutuila, Samoa Americane. Ven - The following three new wrasses of the genus Cirrhi - gono presentate illustrazioni colorate e sono paragonati labrus are described from islands of the central and a specie simili. western Pacific: C. claire, from two specimens, an 84.0 mm male and a 72.8 mm female taken in 92 m off Introduction Rarotonga, Cook Islands; C. earlei from nine speci - The wrasses of the genus Cirrhilabrus Temminck & mens, 45.1-69.1 mm, collected in 80-92 m from Palau; Schlegel are small, colourful, coral reef fishes of the and C. walshi from two male specimens, 56.0-62.8 tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific region. They gen - mm, from 37-46 m off Taumu Bank, Tutuila, American erally form aggregations a metre or more above the Samoa. Colour illustrations are presented, and com - substratum and feed on zooplankton. They are proto- parisons are made with similar species. gynous hermaphrodites; the larger and more com - plexly coloured male maintains a harem. Zusammenfassung A surprising number of new species of the genus Die folgenden drei neuen Lippfische der Gattung have been described in recent years. Allen and Kuiter Cirrhilabrus wurden bei Inseln im Zentral- und West - (1999: Table I) listed the 35 valid species of the genus, pazifik gefunden und werden beschrieben: C. claire, beginning with C. cyanopleura (Bleeker, 1851), includ - anhand von zwei Exemplaren, ein Männchen von 84 ing the two they described as new in their 1999 paper mm und ein Weibchen von 72.8 mm, gefangen 92 m from Indonesia, C. aurantidorsalis and C. tonozukai. vor Ratotonga, Cook Inseln; C. earlei anhand von neun Senou and Hirata (2000) have since named C. katoi, a Exemplaren, 45.1-69.1 mm, gefangen in 80-92 m Tiefe new species from southern Japan. With the description bei Palau; und C. walshi mit zwei Exemplaren, 56.0- of three new species of the genus in the present paper, 62.8 mm, gefangen in 37-46 m vor der Taumu Bank, and another from the western Pacific (Randall and Tutuila, Amerikanisch Samoa. Farbillustrationen wer - Nagareda, in Ms), the total number of species for the den vorgestellt und Vergleiche durchgeführt mit ähn - genus is now 39. Cirrhilabrus is therefore the second lichen Spezies. largest genus of the Labridae, after Halichoeres with 47 species in the Indo-Pacific alone (Parenti and Ran - Résumé dall, 2000). Trois Labres du genre Cirrhilabrus sont décrits d’îles du Pacifique central et occidental: C. claire , connu par Materials and Methods deux spécimens (mâle de 84 mm et femelle de 72.8 Type specimens of Cirrhilabrus earlei have been mm) récoltés à 92 m de profondeur au large de Raroton- deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney (AMS); ga, Iles Cook; C. earlei , connu par 9 spécimens (45.1- Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Taipei (ASIZP); 69.1 mm) récoltés à 80-92 m au large de Palau; et C. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu (BPBM); Califor - walshi , connu par 2 mâles (56.0-62.8 mm) récoltés à nia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (CAS); 37-46 m au large de Taumu Bank, Tutuila, Samoa Amé- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); ricaine. Les descriptions sont accompagnées de clichés National Science Museum, Tokyo (NSMT); Royal en couleur et les espèces similaires sont comparées. Ontario Museum, Toronto (ROM); J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown (RUSI); and the U.S. Sommario National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Vengono descritti i seguenti tre nuovi tordi del genere (USNM). Each of the other two new species is repre - Cirrhilabrus provenienti dalle isole del Pacifico centrale sented by only two specimens; the holotype of each is e occidentale: C. claire, sulla base di due esemplari, un deposited in the Bishop Museum, and the paratype in maschio di 84.0 mm. e una femmina di 72.8 mm. cat - the National Museum of Natural History.

89 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Three New Species of Labrid Fishes of the Genus Cirrhilabrus from Islands of the Tropical Pacific

Lengths given for specimens are standard length Cirrhilabrus claire, n. sp. (SL), the straight-line distance from the median ante - (Fig. 1; Table I) rior point of the upper lip to the base of the caudal fin (posterior end of the hypural plate). Head length is Holotype: BPBM 38741, male, 84.0 mm, Cook measured from the same anterior point to the posteri - Islands, Rarotonga, NW side off the Edgewater ormost end of the opercular membrane, and snout Resort, steep sloping bottom with rubble patches, length from the same point to the fleshy edge of the 92 m, hand net, Charles J. Boyle, July, 1990. orbit. Body depth is the greatest depth measured to Paratype: USNM 361529, female, 72.8 mm, same the base of the dorsal spines; body width is the great - data as for holotype. est width just posterior to the gill opening. Orbit diam - eter is the greatest fleshy diameter; interorbital width Diagnosis is the least bony width. Caudal peduncle depth is the Dorsal rays XI,9; anal rays III,9; pectoral rays 15; lat - least depth, and caudal peduncle length is measured eral line scales 17+6; median predorsal scales 5; hori - horizontally from the rear base of the anal fin to the zontal rows of scales on cheek 2; gill rakers 17-19; caudal fin base. Predorsal, pre-anal, and prepelvic body depth 3.7-4.0 in SL; head length 3.05-3.1 in SL; lengths are taken from the front of the upper lip to the snout length 3.4-3.6 in head; dorsal fin with progress- origin of the respective fins. Lengths of fin spines and ively longer spines, the last 2.2 in head; interspinous soft rays are taken from the tips to the extreme base membranes of dorsal fin of males not extending above of these elements. Pectoral ray counts include the spine tips; caudal fin rounded; pelvic fin of male 3.0 in short unbranched upper ray. Lateral line scale counts SL, of female 4.6, in SL; male yellowish dorsally, shad - are given in two parts, the dorso-anterior series from ing on side to pale lavender-pink; head dusky yellow the upper end of the gill opening to below the soft por - with purple bands; dorsal fin mainly orange-red with a tion of the dorsal fin, and the midlateral peduncular violet band at base and a narrow dark red margin on portion to the base of the caudal fin (a single large spinous and anterior soft portion of fin; caudal fin red pored scale posterior to the caudal fin base was not with broad distal yellow border containing a submarg- counted). Gill raker counts were made on the first gill inal dusky zone in central part; female orange-pink, arch and include rudiments; only the total count is head suffused with yellow dorsally; a purple band from given, as it is often difficult to decide which raker is at corner of mouth to upper end of gill opening, then con - the angle. tinuing ventrally on edge of opercle; dorsal fin yellow; Tables I-III present the proportional measurements caudal fin orange, shading outwardly to yellow. of the three new species as percentages of the stan - dard length. Proportional measurements in the text Description are rounded to the nearest 0.05 per cent. Data in Dorsal rays XI,9; anal rays III, 9; all dorsal and anal parentheses in the descriptions refer to the paratypes. soft rays branched, the last to base; pectoral rays 15,

Fig. 1. Holotype (above) of Cirrhilabrus claire, male, BPBM 37201, 84.0 mm SL, and paratype (below), USNM 361529, female, 72.7 mm SL, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Photo by J. E. Randall. aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 90 John E. Randall and Richard L. Pyle

Table I. Proportional measurements of type specimens canine teeth, the second pair angled laterally, the third of Cirrhilabrus claire expressed as percentages of the pair twice as large as medial pairs and very strongly standard length curved laterally; an inner row of small, slightly incurved, conical teeth at front of jaw, continuing to end Hototype Paratype of jaw (16 teeth posterior to third canine on holotype), BPBM USNM becoming progressively smaller posteriorly; lower jaw 38741 361529 with a pair of forward-projecting canine teeth about Sex male female equal in size to two medial pairs of upper jaw teeth, Standard length (mm) 84.0 72.8 their tips just lateral to inner pair of upper jaw when Body depth 27.1 25.2 mouth closed; two much smaller canines just lateral to Body width 12.0 13.6 large pair of lower jaw; an inner row of small conical Head length 32.1 32.9 teeth continuing progressively smaller to end of jaw; no Snout length 9.5 9.2 teeth on roof of mouth, but prominent papillae anter- Orbit diameter 8.4 8.7 iorly on palate. Tongue thin, far back in mouth, rounded Interorbital width 8.1 8.2 anteriorly. Gill rakers short, the longest on first gill arch Upper jaw length 8.4 8.6 about half length of longest gill filaments. Caudal peduncle depth 13.1 13.0 Posterior margin of preopercle with 49 (47) small ser - Caudal peduncle length 16.2 16.5 rae; margin of posterior edge of preopercle free to level Predorsal length 32.8 33.0 of lower third of eye, the upper part covered by a large Pre-anal length 60.7 60.4 scale; ventral edge of preopercle free to posterior end Prepelvic length 35.7 35.2 Dorsal fin base 57.0 58.2 of lower jaw, nearly reaching a vertical at anterior edge First dorsal spine 8.1 8.6 of orbit. Last dorsal spine 14.6 15.1 Anterior nostril a very small membranous tube with a Longest dorsal ray 16.9 16.8 triangular posterior flap at level of upper fourth of eye, Anal fin base 24.4 24.3 equidistant to orbit and front of snout at base of upper First anal spine 7.5 7.6 lip; posterior nostril oval to subtriangular, about twice Second anal spine 10.8 11.8 diameter of adjacent sensory pores, dorsoposterior to Third anal spine 12.4 13.3 anterior nostril, internarial distance about one-fourth Longest anal ray 17.0 16.9 orbit diameter. Pores of cephalic lateralis system adja - Caudal fin length 26.0 26.9 cent to orbit from behind middle of eye to below front Pectoral fin length broken 22.0 edge of eye 22 (19), including those on a short branch Pelvic spine length 13.1 13.3 ventral to sensory canal; pores along free edge of pre - Pelvic fin length 33.0 21 .9 opercle 11, continuing as 4 prominent pores on side of mandible to front of chin; a series of 11 pores in supra - the upper two rays unbranched; pelvic rays 1,5; princi - orbital series from in front of anterior nostril to behind pal caudal rays 13, the median 11 branched; upper upper half of orbit. and lower procurrent caudal rays 6, the posteriormost Scales cycloid and flexible; head scaled except for segmented; lateral line interrupted, the dorso-anterior interorbital, a narrow postorbital and suborbital zone, series of pored scales 17, and the straight peduncular snout, mandible, opercular flap, and flange at edge of series 6; scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin preopercle (greatest width of naked part, one-third orbit 1.5; scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 6.5; cir - diameter); a row of large pointed oblique scales along cumpeduncular scales 16; median predorsal scales 5; base of dorsal fin, and a lesser row along base of anal horizontal rows of scales on cheek 2; gill rakers 19 fin; one pored scale on base of caudal fin posterior to (17); pseudobranchial filaments 16 (14); branchio- last scale of lateral line, flanked by a pair of very large stegal rays 5; vertebrae 9 + 16. scales, these overlapping an enormous midlateral Body moderately elongate for the genus (depth 3.7 scale that reaches three-fourths distance to end of fin; (4.0) in SL) and compressed (width 2.25 (1.85) in no scales on paired fins; a slender midventral scaly depth); head length 3.1 (3.05) in SL; snout rounded, process of two scales extending from between bases of 3.4 (3.6) in head; orbit diameter 3.8 in head; pupil pelvic fins more than three-fourths length of pelvic double (typical of the genus and allied genera); inter- spine, the posterior scale slender and pointed; axillary orbital space convex, least bony width 3.95 (4.0) in scale at base of each pelvic fin extending about three- head; caudal -peduncle depth 2.45 (2.5) in head; fifths distance to end of pelvic spine. caudal peduncle length 2.0 in head. Origin of dorsal fin above base of third lateral line Mouth terminal and small, maxilla extending to below scale, slightly anterior to a vertical at posterior end of posterior nostril, upper jaw length 3.8 in head length; opercular flap, the predorsal distance 3.05 in SL; dors- mouth oblique, forming an angle of about 30° to horiz- al spines progressively longer, the first 3.95 (3.8) in ontal axis of head and body; dentition typical of genus, head, and the last 2.2 in head; cirrus from near tip of front of upper jaw with three pairs of forward-projecting each dorsal spine (supports distal edge of interspinous

91 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Three New Species of Labrid Fishes of the Genus Cirrhilabrus from Islands of the Tropical Pacific membrane) not extending above spine tips; fifth and shading to orange-yellow distally on spinous portion sixth dorsal soft rays longest, 1.9 (1.95) in head; origin and yellow on soft portion, the spines and soft rays yel - of anal fin below base of tenth dorsal spine, the pre- low; a reddish purple band at base of dorsal fin extend - anal distance 1.6 in SL; first anal spine 4.3 in head; sec - ing onto adjacent back below soft portion and continu - ond anal spine 2.95 (2.8) in head; third anal spine 2.6 ing dorsally on caudal peduncle; oblique basal scales (2.5) in head; fourth and fifth anal soft rays longest, 1.9 overlying purple band lavender; a narrow deep red (1.95) in head; caudal fin rounded, holotype with a margin to spinous part of dorsal fin and anterior fourth slight posterior prolongation of upper corner, fin length of soft portion except for pink cirrus on each inter - 3.85 (3.7) in SL; pectoral fins pointed, third and fourth spinous membrane; anal fin yellow, with red rays and rays longest (damaged on holotype, 1.5 in head of red margin, basal oblique scales red; caudal fin pur - paratype); origin of pelvic fins below lower base of pec - plish red basally, shading to red, with a broad outer yel - toral fins, prepelvic distance 2.8 (2.85) in SL; pelvic low border containing a submarginal dusky zone in spine 2.45 (2.5) in head; second pelvic soft ray longest, central part; pectoral fins pale with pink-edged rays forming a long filament with first soft ray in holotype (a and yellow upper margin; pelvic fins orange-red. male), 3.0 in SL (4.6 in SL in female paratype). Coloration of paratype when fresh: body orange- Coloration of holotype in alcohol: pale orangish red; head with a purple band from corner of mouth, brown, whitish on snout, lips, chin, and a broad median passing under eye, and across operculum to upper end band on anterior half of interorbital; a purplish brown of gill opening, then continuing ventrally at edge of band at lateral edge of interorbital, with a transverse opercle, the opercular flap and membrane yellow; head connecting band across rear of interorbital; a narrow above purple band dusky yellow, below pale lavender, submarginal purplish brown band on suborbital; a nar - becoming orange-yellow ventrally; iris yellow; dorsal fin row purplish brown band at edge of opercle from gill yellow, the cirri pale yellow; anal fin orange-yellow with opening to level of upper pectoral fin base; irregular orange rays, the margin lavender; caudal fin orange, pale longitudinal lines in interorbital space; a narrow shading to yellow distally and on upper and lower purplish brown band at base of dorsal fin, extending edges; pectoral fins pale yellow, the upper margin onto back below soft portion of fin; dorsal fin translucent darker yellow, with an indistinct dusky orange bar at yellowish with a narrow dark margin (except pale sup - base; pelvic fins pale yellow with orange rays. porting cirrus in each interspinous membrane), the dark margin disappearing on posterior three-fourths of soft Etymology portion of fin; anal fin pale yellowish; caudal fin dusky This species is named Cirrhilabrus claire after Claire grey, shading distally to pale yellowish except for a T. Michihara, the wife of the collector of the type spec - broad dusky submarginal zone in central part of fin; imens. The specific name is to be treated as a noun in pectoral fins pale; pelvic fins dusky with a pale leading apposition. edge. Coloration of paratype in alcohol: similar to holo - Remarks type but paler, the transverse purplish brown band This species is known only from the two type speci - across posterior interorbital broader, the suborbital mens collected off Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Charles J. band narrower, extending to corner of mouth and pos - Boyle (pers. comm.) has observed it off the western, teriorly to marginal band on upper opercle; fins pale northern, and eastern sides of the island at depths of yellowish, dorsal with a narrow purplish brown band at 55-100 m at locations where the current is often strong. base (not extending onto back below soft portion of fin) Cirrhilabrus claire does not appear to be closely and without a narrow dark margin. related to any known species of the genus. It is per - Coloration of holotype when fresh: yellowish dors- haps closest to C. rubrisquamis Randall & Emery, ally, shading to lavender-pink on side, with a wash of 1983, from the Chagos Archipelago, Maldive Islands, yellow on upper abdomen, and finally lavender vent- and Sri Lanka, described from one 40.6 mm speci - rally; base of pectoral fin with a narrow purple band men, but more fully described from adult males and preceded by an indistinct yellow band, prepectoral females by Randall (1995). The two species share the area pale violet, shading to yellow on side of chest and same general morphology and meristic data, as well to violet ventrally; head dusky yellow, becoming laven - as some features of coloration. C. rubrisquamis differs der on opercle with a magenta band passing from front in its deeper body (3.1-3.5 in SL, compared to 3.7-4.0 of snout above eye, ending at a vertical at rear edge of for C. claire), higher dorsal fin of the male (to 1.55 in eye; an oblique purple band from corner of mouth head length, compared to 1.9 for the male of C. claire), below eye across preopercle, leading to a large vert- and shorter pelvic fins of the male (to 4.6 in SL, com - ically elongate violet spot with a purple anterior border; pared to 3.0 in SL for the male of C. claire). a marginal purple band on opercle except for deep yel - There is also some similarity to the Hawaiian low opercular flap; an arc of purple at outer edge of endemic Cirrhilabrus jordani Snyder, 1904. C. jordani scaled part of preopercle and another at corner of pre - differs in coloration, in having a deeper body (3.0-3.45 opercle; iris orange-yellow; dorsal fin orange-red, in SL), a longer anal fin in the male (longest anal soft aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 92 John E. Randall and Richard L. Pyle

Fig. 2. Aquarium photograph of holotype of Cirrhilabrus earlei, BPBM 37731, male, 54.5 mm, Ngemelis Island, Palau. Photo by J. E. Randall. ray 3.7-4.8 in SL, compared to 5.9 in SL for the male (persisting as lavender to purple in preservative); head of C. claire), shorter pelvic fins (3.9-5.35 in SL), and with two deep pink bands, one from upper lip passing 15-16 gill rakers, compared to 17-19 for C. claire). over eye to origin of dorsal fin, the other from lower lip along mandible to corner of preopercle; operculum yel - Cirrhilabrus earlei, n. sp. low; dorsal fin yellow anteriorly with a black spot on (Fig. 2; Table II) first membrane, spines red; rest of fin and caudal fin light red with deep red rays; pelvic fins yellow with red Cirrhilabrus sp. A Myers, 1999: 191, pl. 115, fig. E spine and rays (spines and rays of median and pelvic (Palau). fins lavender to purple in preservative). A small species, the largest specimen 69.1 mm SL. Holotype: BPBM 37731, male, 54.5 mm Palau, N, Ngemelis Island, Blue Hole, 7°8’6”N, 134°13’54”E, Description sand and rubble slope below cave entrance, 80-89 m, Dorsal rays XI,9; anal rays III,9; all dorsal and anal hand net, J. L. Earle, 13 May 1997. soft rays branched, the last to base; pectoral rays 15, Paratypes: BPBM 37669, 51.3 mm, same locality as the upper two rays unbranched; pelvic rays I,5; princi - holotype, R. L. Pyle and J. L. Earle, 11 May 1997; AMS pal caudal rays 13, the median 11 branched; upper I.40280-001, 53.2 mm, ASlZP 60548, 64.3 mm, MNHN and lower procurrent caudal rays 6, the posteriormost 2000-1156, 69.1 mm, ROM 72247, 45.1 mm, all with segmented; lateral line interrupted, the dorso-anterior same data as BPBM 37669; CAS 213114, 56.5 mm, series of pored scales 16 + 6 (16-17 + 5-6), and the Palau, Augulpelu Reef, W side, 7°16’24.6”N, straight peduncular series 6 (5-6); scales above lateral 134°31’26.4”E, shelf with small caves, 92 m, hand net, line to origin of dorsal fin 2; scales below lateral line to R. L. Pyle, 16 May 1997; NSMT-P 59646, 49.8 mm, and origin of anal fin 6.; circumpeduncular scales 16; USNM 361530, 58.7 mm, same data as preceding. median predorsal scales 5 (4-5); horizontal rows of scales on cheek 2; gill rakers 16 (13-16); pseudo - Diagnosis branchial filaments 12 (9-12); branchiostegal rays 5; Dorsal rays XI,9; anal rays III,9; pectoral rays 15; lat - vertebrae 9 +16. eral line scales 16-17+ 5-6; median predorsal scales 4- Body depth 3.75 (3.4-3.75) in SL; body compressed 5; horizontal rows of scales on cheek 2; gill rakers 13- laterally, its width 1.95 (2.0-2.4) in depth; head length 16; body depth 3.4-3.75 in SL; head length 2.8-2.95 in 2.85 (2.8-2.95) in SL; snout moderately pointed, 4.15 SL; snout length 3.7-4.2 in head; dorsal fin with pro - (3.7-4.2) in head; orbit diameter 3.7 (3.5-4.0) in head; gressively longer spines, the eleventh 2.4-2.6 in head; pupil double (typical of the genus and allied genera); interspinous membranes of dorsal fin of males not interorbital space convex, least bony width 4.6 (4.45- extending above spine tips; caudal fin rounded to 4.85) in head; caudal peduncle depth 2.2 (2.2-2.3) in rhomboid; pelvic fins short, 4.05-4.9 in SL. Light red, head; caudal peduncle length slightly less than pedun - grading to pale yellow on abdomen, with deep red lon - cle depth, 2.25 (2.25-2.45) in head. gitudinal lines on body following scale rows Mouth terminal and small, the maxilla extending to

93 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Three New Species of Labrid Fishes of the Genus Cirrhilabrus from Islands of the Tropical Pacific

Table II. Proportional measurements of type specimens of Cirrhilabrus earlei expressed as percentages of the standard length Holotype Paratypes BPBM ROM NSMT BPBM AMS CAS USNM ASIZP 37731 72247 59646 37669 40280 213114 361530 60548 Sex male female female male male male male male Standard length (mm) 54.5 45.1 49.8 51.3 53.2 56.5 58.7 64.3 Body depth 26.6 29.2 27.7 26.8 26.6 29.2 27.9 28.1 Body width 13.7 13.1 13.6 13.2 12.9 13.5 14.0 11.7 Head length 35.0 35.4 34.8 34.7 34.8 35.4 34.1 34.0 Snout length 8.4 8.8 8.5 8.3 8.9 9.0 8.5 9.2 Orbit diameter 9.5 10.2 10.0 9.9 9.3 9.5 8.9 9.0 Interorbital width 7.6 7.3 7.6 7.8 7.4 7.5 7.2 7.1 Upper jaw length 8.8 8.9 8.3 8.1 8.5 8.9 8.5 8.2 Caudal peduncle depth 16.0 15.5 15.9 15.9 15.6 16.0 15.5 15.6 Caudal peduncle length 15.4 14.9 14.2 15.5 14.9 15.6 15.1 15.4 Predorsal length 33.5 35.5 34.3 33.8 33.4 34.6 33.3 34.2 Pre-anal length 61.8 61.7 62.0 61.0 60.9 60.5 59.6 60.0 Prepelvic length 35.3 34.5 35.7 34.8 34.6 34.5 33.4 35.0 Dorsal fin base 58.7 59.2 59.5 57.1 58.5 59.5 59.8 58.5 First dorsal spine 10.2 10.0 10.4 9.9 9.6 10.5 9.4 9.5 Last dorsal spine 13.5 13.4 13.8 13.6 13.3 13.7 14.1 13.4 Longest dorsal ray 17.7 17.8 18.2 17.9 17.4 18.1 18.3 17.7 Anal fin base 25.0 24.9 24.2 24.6 24.2 24.8 25.6 24.7 First anal spine 8.9 8.9 8.4 8.9 8.9 8.3 8.6 8.1 Second anal spine 11.2 13.0 13.2 13.3 11.6 11.1 12.0 11.1 Third anal spine 12.9 13.3 13.3 13.5 13.0 12.9 13.0 12.8 Longest anal ray 16.5 15.6 16.2 15.5 16.2 17.0 17.3 18.2 Caudal fin length 27.9 28.8 27.8 30.6 29.9 29.7 29.0 36.2 Pectoral fin length 21.4 21.7 20.5 broken 20.3 20.4 20.4 20.0 Pelvic spine length 13.0 13.4 12.7 13.3 13.1 12.7 13.1 12.4 Pelvic fin length 21.7 21.1 20.4 21.9 20.4 24.7 22.2 24.3 below posterior nostril, the upper jaw length 4.0 (4.0- large scale; ventral edge of preopercle free to posterior 4.25) in head length; mouth oblique, forming an angle end of lower jaw, below anterior fourth of orbit. of about 30° to horizontal axis of head and body; den - Anterior nostril a very small membranous tube with a tition typical of genus, the front of upper jaw with three triangular posterior flap at level of upper third of eye, pairs of forward-projecting canine teeth, the second slightly closer to orbit than front of snout at base of pair longer than the first and angled laterally, the third upper lip; posterior nostril oval, about twice diameter of pair twice as large as medial pair and very strongly adjacent sensory pores, dorsoposterior to anterior curved laterally; an inner row of small, slightly nostril, the internarial distance about one-fourth to incurved, conical teeth at front of jaw, continuing to end one-fifth orbit diameter. A single series of pores of of jaw (15 teeth posterior to third canine on holotype), cephalic lateralis system adjacent to orbit from behind becoming progressively smaller posteriorly; lower jaw middle of eye to below front edge of eye 14 (12-17); with pair of forward-projecting canine teeth about pores along free edge of preopercle 9, continuing as 4 equal in size to medial pair of upper jaw teeth, their tips prominent pores on side of mandible to front of chin; a just lateral to inner pair of upper jaw when mouth series of 10 pores in supraorbital series from in front of closed; a much smaller canine tooth just lateral to large anterior nostril to behind upper half of orbit. pair of lower jaw; an inner row of small conical teeth Scales cycloid and flexible; head scaled except for continuing progressively smaller to end of jaw (14 on interorbital, a narrow postorbital and suborbital zone, each side of jaw of holotype); no teeth on roof of snout, mandible, opercular flap, and flange at edge of mouth, but prominent scattered papillae anteriorly on preopercle (greatest width of naked part, one-third palate. Tongue thin, far back in mouth, rounded anteri - orbit diameter); a row of large pointed oblique scales orly. Gill rakers short, the longest on first gill arch about along base of dorsal fin, and a lesser row along base half length of longest gill filaments. of anal fin; one pored scale on base of caudal fin post- Posterior margin of preopercle with 41 small serrae erior to last scale of lateral line, flanked by a pair of (39 in 45.1 mm paratype and 49 in 69.1 mm paratype); very large scales, these overlapping base of an enor - margin of posterior edge of preopercle free nearly to mous midlateral scale that reaches two-thirds distance level of middle of eye, the upper part covered by a to end of fin; no scales on paired fins; a slender mid - aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 94 John E. Randall and Richard L. Pyle ventral scaly process consisting of a small basal scale below pink band; iris with a narrow inner ring of and a very long outer scale extending posteriorly from magenta, a broad ring of yellow, then a narrower ring between bases of pelvic fins, and reaching slightly of magenta, and an outer ring of yellow except vent- beyond tip of pelvic spine; an axillary scale at base of rally; a series of small white blotches or groups of each pelvic fin extending about three-fifths distance to white spots along dorsal part of head and body, with end of pelvic spine. faint spots extending ventrally on body (may be a Origin of dorsal fin above second lateral line scale, stress pattern); first seven membranes of dorsal fin the predorsal distance 3.0 (2.8-3.0) in SL; dorsal bright yellow except for red spines and large blackish spines progressively longer, the first 3.45 (3.35-3.6) in spot on first membrane; rest of dorsal fin and caudal fin head, and the last 2.6 (2.4-2.55) in head; cirrus from light red with dark red rays and a broad outer blue mar - near tip of each dorsal spine (supports distal edge of gin except where interrupted by red rays; anal fin interspinous membrane) not extending above spine orange with red rays and a broad outer blue margin tips; sixth dorsal soft ray usually longest, 2.0 (1.9-2.0) except for red rays passing through; pectoral fins trans - in head; origin of anal fin below base of tenth dorsal parent, with rays faintly edged with red; pelvic fins spine, the pre-anal distance 1.6 (1.6-1.7) in SL; first bright yellow with red spine and rays. anal spine 3.9 (3.9-4.25) in head; second anal spine 3.1 (2.6-3.2) in head; third anal spine slightly longer Etymology than second, 2.7 (2.55-2.75) in head; sixth or seventh This species is named Cirrhilabrus earlei in honour of anal soft ray longest, 2.1 (1.85-2.25) in head; caudal fin John L. Earle, who collected the holotype and was co- rhomboid in holotype (usually rhomboid but varies collector (with the second author) of five of the from rounded in smallest paratype to nearly lanceolate paratypes. in 64.3 mm paratype), fin length 3.6 (2.75-3.6) in SL; pectoral fins rounded, third and fourth rays longest, Remarks 1.65 (1.6-1.75) in head; origin of pelvic fins below Cirrhilabrus earlei is currently known only from the lower base of pectoral fins, prepelvic distance 2.85 islands of Palau, but it should be expected from other (2.8-3.0) in SL; pelvic spine 2.7 (2.6-2.8) in head; localities in the western Pacific. The type specimens pelvic fins short, second soft ray longest, not reaching were collected at depths of 80-92 m using closed-cir - anus in holotype (just reaching origin of anal fin in cuit mixed-gas dive gear. Myers (1999: 191) reported longest paratype), fin length 1.6 (1.4-1.7) in head the species from Palau as Cirrhilabrus sp. A from (4.05-4.9 in SL). "mixed coral, rubble, and sand slopes along the bases Coloration of holotype in alcohol: pale yellowish of steep protected seaward reefs at depths of 60-83 m, with five broad longitudinal purple lines on upper three- often with other Cirrhilabrus. spp." He illustrated it fourths of body following zone of overlap of scale rows, (Plate 115 E) with an underwater colour photograph with traces of a sixth band below on abdomen; head taken by Hiroshi Nagano at a depth of 60 m. with broad purplish band across interorbital, each end As noted, this species is small for the genus, the joined to a dusky purplish band that passes across largest specimen only 69.1 mm SL. The 45.1 mm postorbital head and nape and along base of dorsal fin paratype is a fully mature female with a large ovary. (where progressively more purple as it passes posteri - Cirrhilabrus earlei has no close relative within the orly); an internal purple band from chin along mandible genus Cirrhilabrus, but Conniella apterygia Allen, and ventral part of preopercle to corner (the sensory 1983, described from three specimens (31.2-58.5 canal within whitish); snout and anterior interorbital mm), from Rowley Shoals (off Western Australia) in dusky purplish; median and pelvic fins with whitish to 32-35 m, has a very similar striped colour pattern, a translucent membranes (spinous dorsal and pelvic rhomboid caudal fin in the male, and essentially the membranes a little dusky), lavender to pale purple same meristic data. The genus Conniella is disting- spines, and purple rays; outer part of first interspinous uished from Cirrhilabrus by the lack of the pelvic girdle membrane of dorsal fin blackish; pectoral fins pale yel - and pelvic fins. The first author collected a fourth spec - lowish. Stripes and fin rays of smaller paratypes not as imen of Conniella apterygia (BPBM 32013, male, strongly pigmented. 73 mm) in 51 m at Rowley Shoals. Coloration of holotype in life: body pale red post- eriorly, shading to yellow on abdomen, with six broad Cirrhilabrus walshi, n. sp. magenta-red longitudinal lines and two faint red ones (Figs. 3, 4; Table III) ventrally, each of the darker red lines linked to a pair of red rays of caudal fin; head pinkish yellow, becoming Holotype: BPBM 37201, male, 62.8 mm, American yellow on operculum, the lips deep pink with a broad Samoa, off the south coast of Tutuila, Taumu Bank, deep pink band extending from upper lip across upper north side, 45° reef slope, 37-46 m, collected by F. part of head, and another passing posteriorly from Walsh with hand net, 25 October 1989. lower lip, becoming magenta on lower part of preoper - Paratype: USNM 361531, 56.0 mm, same data as cle; a narrow pale yellow streak on side of lower jaw holotype.

95 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Three New Species of Labrid Fishes of the Genus Cirrhilabrus from Islands of the Tropical Pacific

Fig. 3. Aquarium photograph of holotype of Cirrhilabrus walshi, BPBM 37201, male, 62.8 m SL, Tutuila, American Samoa. Photo by R. Pyle.

Fig. 4. Aquarium photograph of holotype of Cirrhilabrus walshi showing fright colour pattern. Photo by J. E. Randall. Diagnosis and lower procurrent caudal rays 6, the posteriormost Dorsal rays XI,9; anal rays III,9; pectoral rays 15; segmented; lateral line interrupted, the dorso-anterior lateral line scales 17+6; median predorsal scales 5; series of pored scales 17, and the straight peduncular horizontal rows of scales on cheek 1; gill rakers series 6; scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin 14-15; body depth 3.7-4.0 in SL; head length 2.95-3.0 2; scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 7; cir - in SL; snout length 3.55-3.6 in head; sixth dorsal spine cumpeduncular scales 16; median predorsal scales 5; longest, 2.25-2.35 in head; interspinous membranes horizontal rows of scales on cheek 1; gill rakers 14 of dorsal fin of males higher than spine (15); pseudobranchial filaments 12 (11); branchio- tips; caudal fin rounded; pelvic fin of male very long, stegal rays 5; vertebrae 9+16. 2.65-2.85 in SL. Body moderately elongate for the genus (depth 3.7 (4.0) in SL) and compressed (width 2.25 (1.85) in Description depth); head length 3.0 (2.95) in SL; snout pointed Dorsal rays XI,9; anal rays III,9; all dorsal and anal (except front of lip nearly vertical), 3.55 (3.6) in head; soft rays branched, the last to base; pectoral rays I.5, orbit diameter 4.0 (4.05) in head; pupil double (typical the upper two rays unbranched; pelvic rays I.5; princi - of the genus and allied genera); interorbital space con - pal caudal rays 13, the median 11 branched; upper vex, least bony width 3.85 (3.95) in head; caudal aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 96 John E. Randall and Richard L. Pyle

Table III. Proportional measurements of type specimens lower surface with dark dots. Gill rakers short, the of Cirrhilabrus walshi expressed as percentages of the longest on first gill arch about one-third length of standard length longest gill filaments. Posterior margin of preopercle with 48 (40) small ser - Hototype Paratype rae (very small dorsally); margin of posterior edge of BPBM USNM preopercle free to level of centre of eye, the upper part 37201 361531 covered by a large scale; ventral edge of preopercle Sex male male free to posterior end of lower jaw, nearly reaching a Standard length (mm) 62.8 56.0 vertical at anterior fourth of orbit. Body depth 27.1 25.1 Anterior nostril a very short membranous tube, Body width 13.6 11.9 slightly higher posteriorly, at level of upper edge of Head length 33.2 33.9 pupil, equidistant to orbit and front of snout at base of Snout length 9.3 9.4 upper lip; posterior nostril oval, about twice as large as Orbit diameter 8.3 8.4 anterior nostril, posterior and slightly dorsal to anterior Interorbital width 8.6 8.6 nostril, internarial distance about one-fourth orbit Upper jaw length 8.0 8.3 diameter. Pores of cephalic lateralis system in a single Caudal peduncle depth 13.5 13.1 series adjacent to orbit from behind middle of eye to Caudal peduncle length 16.8 16.2 Predorsal length 32.7 33.5 below front edge of eye 13 (10); pores along free edge Pre-anal length 57.6 --- of preopercle 9; pores on side of mandible to front of Prepelvic length 34.7 35.6 chin 4; a series of 9 pores in supraorbital series from Dorsal fin base 56.9 55.9 in front of anterior nostril to behind upper half of orbit. First dorsal spine 10.3 10.5 Scales cycloid and flexible; head scaled except for Longest dorsal spine 14.7 14.3 interorbital, a narrow postorbital and suborbital zone, Longest dorsal ray 15.7 broken snout, mandible, opercular flap, and flange at edge of Anal fin base 25.5 24.3 preopercle (greatest width of naked part, one-third First anal spine 7.5 missing orbit diameter); cheek with a single row of 5 scales, Second anal spine 8.9 missing progressively larger posteriorly; a row of pointed Third anal spine 11.1 missing oblique scales along base of dorsal fin, those on spin - Longest anal ray 16.1 broken ous portion about one-fourth to one-third length of Caudal fin length 24.2 25.1 spines; a lesser row of pointed scales along base of Pectoral fin length 20.0 19.8 anal fin; one pointed pored scale on base of caudal fin Pelvic spine length 10.4 11.0 posterior to last scale of lateral line, flanked by a pair Pelvic fin length 35.0 37.7 of large scales, these overlapping a very large midlat - eral scale that reaches half distance to end of fin; no peduncle depth 2.45 (2.6) in head; caudal peduncle scales on paired fins; a slender midventral scaly length 2.0 (2.1) in head. process of two scales extending from between bases Mouth terminal and small, maxilla extending to below of pelvic fins, its length about three-fifths length of posterior nostril, upper jaw length 4.15 (4.1) in head pelvic spine; a slender axillary scale at base of each length; mouth oblique, forming an angle of about 30° to pelvic fin as long as pelvic spine. horizontal axis of head and body; dentition typical of Origin of dorsal fin over second lateral line scale, pre - genus, the front of upper jaw with three pairs of for - dorsal distance 3.05 (3.0) in SL; sixth dorsal spine ward-projecting canine teeth, the second pair larger longest (but adjacent spines nearly as long), 2.25 and angled laterally, the third pair more than twice as (2.35) in head, cirri from near tip of dorsal spines large as medial pair and very strongly curved laterally; extending interradial membranes above spine tips; an inner row of small, slightly incurved, conical teeth at seventh dorsal soft ray longest, 2.1 in head; origin of front of jaw, continuing to end of jaw (19 teeth poster- anal fin on a vertical between base of ninth and tenth ior to third canine on holotype), becoming progress- dorsal spines, pre-anal distance 1.75 in SL; first anal ively smaller posteriorly; lower jaw with a pair of for - spine 4.45 in head; second anal spine 3.7 in head; ward-projecting canine teeth about equal in size to third anal spine 3.0 in head; seventh anal soft ray medial pair of upper jaw teeth but angling more later - longest, 2.05 in head; caudal fin rounded, 4.15 (4.0) in ally, their tips just lateral to inner pair of upper jaw SL; pectoral fins pointed, the third or fourth ray longest, when mouth closed; two much smaller canines just lat - 1.65 (1.7) in head; origin of pelvic fins below lower eral to large pair of lower jaw; an inner row of small base of pectoral fins, prepelvic distance 2.9 (2.85) in conical teeth continuing progressively smaller to end of SL; pelvic spine 3.2 (3.1) in head; second pelvic soft jaw (20 posterior to last small canine on holotype); no ray longest, forming a long filament with first soft ray, teeth on roof of mouth, but prominent papillae anteri - 2.85 (2.65) in SL. orly on palate. Tongue thin, far back in mouth, rounded Coloration of holotype in alcohol: pale yellowish, anteriorly, the upper surface with papillae, the front of the interorbital space and dorsal part of postorbital

97 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Three New Species of Labrid Fishes of the Genus Cirrhilabrus from Islands of the Tropical Pacific head and nape purplish grey; interorbital and naked features of coloration, especially that of the dorsal fin. area of postorbital head with five thin dark-edged pale This fin is red in C. condei, except distally on the soft longitudinal lines; a thin dusky line medially at edge of portion where it is yellow, with a black band that is mar - snout; basal row of scales of dorsal fin light purplish ginally on the spinous portion and broadens posteri - grey; above this an irregular blackish band that breaks orly into a median band in the soft portion; there is also up into small irregular black-edged spots on first four a white band or row of white spots at the base of the membranes; outer part of dorsal fin translucent; caud- fin that is not present in C. walshi. al fin translucent with a faint dusky line on membranes at edge of basal scales; remaining fins pale except for Acknowledgements dusky basal half of caudal fin. We thank Charles J. Boyle, John L. Earle, and Fenton Coloration of holotype in life: upper two-thirds of Walsh for their collection of type specimens of the new body red, the lower third abruptly reddish white with a species; Patrick L. Colin and Lori Bell Colin of the Coral row of small faint blue spots, one per scale, ventrally Reef Research Foundation for their assistance in within the red on posterior half of body; head red above Palau; Robert F. Myers for additional information and a a demarcation from lower lip below eye and across photograph of Cirrhilabrus earlei; Loreen R. O'Hara for cheek; head below this demarcation reddish white X-rays; and Arnold Y. Suzumoto for curatorial help. except for a streak of pale yellow across operculum separating the red and white; iris red with a narrow References inner yellow ring; dorsal fin red on basal scaled part, Allen, G. R., 1983. A new genus and species of yellow distally, with a blackish stripe above red basal wrasse (Pisces: Labridae) from Rowley Shoals, part containing black-edged blue spots of variable size Western Australia. Revue Française d'Aquariologie except first four membranes which lack the stripe but 10 (2) : 43-46. have a few small black-edged blue spots and an Allen, G. R., 1995. A new species of wrasse (Labri - oblique black-edged blue line near base of first mem - dae: Cirrhilabrus) from Western Australia. Revue brane and extending a short distance into second Française d'Aquariologie 22 (1-2) : 14-18. membrane; a narrow red margin on spinous portion of Allen, G. R., 1999. Description of a new wrasse dorsal fin and a broader blue one on soft portion; anal (Pisces: Labridae; Cirrhilabrus) from North-western fin red with a row of blue spots along base and a blue Australia. Revue Française d'Aquariologie 25 (3-4) : margin; caudal fin red, membranes of basal part dusky, 119-122. upper and lower edges with a row of reddish white Allen, G. R. & R. H. Kuiter, 1999. Descriptions of two spots; pectoral fins pale except broad red band at new wrasses of the genus Cirrhilabrus (Labridae) base; pelvic fins streaked with pink and pale blue, last from Indonesia. Aqua Journal of Ichthyology and two rays and membranes pale yellow. Aquatic Biology 3 (4) : 133-140. Allen, G. R., & J. E. Randall, 1996. Three new species Etymology of wrasses (Labridae: Cirrhilabrus) from Papua New This species is named in honour of Fenton Walsh, Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Revue Française d' who collected the type specimens. Aquariologie 23(3-4) : 101-111. Myers, R. F., 1999. Micronesian Reef Fishes, third edi - Remarks tion. Coral Graphics, Guam, pp. vi + 300. Cirrhilabrus walshi is at present known only from Parenti, P. & J. E. Randall, 2000. An annotated check - Tauma Bank, Tutuila, American Samoa, from a depth list of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae range of 37-46 m. and Scaridae. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. The paratype died in an aquarium, and the abdomen Smith Institute of Ichthyology 68 : 1-97. was partly eaten by a crab, resulting in the loss of the Randall, J. E., 1995. A review of the wrasses of the anal spines. genus Cirrhilabrus (Perciformes: Labridae) from the Cirrhilabrus walshi is most closely related to C. con - western Indian Ocean. Revue Française d'Aquar- dei Allen & Randall from Papua New Guinea, with iologie 22 (1-2) : 19-26. which it shares the following characters: a single horiz- Randall, J. E. & B. H. Nagareda, in Ms. Cirrhilabrus ontal row of scales on the cheek; 4 or 5 (usually 5) bathyphilus, a new deep-dwelling labrid fish from the median predorsal scales; pointed snout; long filament- Coral Sea. ous pelvic fins in the male; dorsal fin with a rounded Senou, H. & T. Hirata, 2000. A new labrid fish, Cirrhi - outline, the membranes of the spinous portion elev- labrus katoi, from southern Japan. Ichthyological ated above the spine tips; rounded caudal fin, red Research 47 (1) : 89-93. upper part of head and body and abruptly reddish Snyder, J. 0., 1904. A catalogue of the shore fishes white lower part; and red anal fin with a row of blue collected by the steamer Albatross about the Hawai - spots at the base and a blue margin. C. walshi differs ian Islands in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish in having a more slender body (depth 3.4-3.7 in SL, Commission 22 : 513-538. compared to 3.0-3.4 for C. condei) and in some aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 98 aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology Age and growth of shrimp (Decapoda: Penaeidae) postlarvae in the Upper Gulf of California

Eugenio Alberto Aragón-Noriega 1 and Luis Eduardo Calderon-Aguilera 2*

1) Centro de Investigación Cientifica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, Departamento de Ecología, Km 107 Carr. Tijuana Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, 22800 Mexico 2) Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste Apdo, Postal 349 Guaymas, Sonora, 85400 Mexico Mailing address: P.O. Box 430222, San Ysidro, CA 92143 USA *Corresponding author

Accepted: 14.03.2001

Keywords minar la edad a una longitud dada. Las postlarvas Shrimp, postlarvae, age, growth, Upper Gulf of Cali - capturadas estuvieron entre 7 - 13 mm, con promedio fornia de 9 mm. Finalmente concluimos que las postlarvas de camarón se reclutan al AGC después de 20 a 28 Abstract dias de haber sido desovadas en aguas oceánicas. Postlarvae are a critical stage in the life cycle of the shrimp because catches depend on the strength of Zusammenfassung this year class. To assess the growth of postlarvae in Der Zeitpunkt nach dem Schlüpfen aus der Larve ist the upper Gulf of California, intensive sampling was im Lebenszyklus der Garnelen ein kritisches Stadium. performed during a complete tide cycle from July 12- Um die Größe der geschlüpften Garnelen im Golf of 27, 1995 and from June 30 to July 16, 1996, simul- California zu bestimmen, wurden sie an zwei ver - taneously in two locations: one off the mainland schiedenen Stellen während des gesamten Gezeiten - (Santa Clara) and one off the peninsula (San Felipe). zyklus in dem Zeitraum 12. - 27. Juli 1995 und A 10-minute trawl was performed every hour during nochmals vom 30. Juni bis 16. Juli 1996 gesammelt. the flood tide (day and night). The total length of each Ein Ort war die Küste vor Santa Clara und die andere individual postlarva was determined by measuring it Stelle befand sich vor der Halbinsel San Felipe. Es wur - with the aid of a calibrated micrometer (0.001 mm). den stündlich jeweils 10-minütige Aktionen mit dem Two species were found: Farfantepenaeus californien - Schleppnetz während der Flut (bei Tag und Nacht) sis and Litopenaeus stylirostris, known as brown and durchgeführt. Die Länge jeder einzelnen Garnelen wur - blue shrimp, respectively. Subsequently these two den mit einer geeichten Feinmeßlehre festgestellt species were reared to assess their age from their (0.001 mm). Zwei Spezies wurden gefunden: Farfante - length. Wild postlarvae range from 7 to 13 mm and penaeus californiensis und Litopenaeus stylirostris, average 9 mm. It was concluded that wild postlarvae bekannt als braune und blaue Garnelen. Später wur - are recruited to the upper Gulf of California 20 to 28 den diese Spezies großgezogen, um ihr Alter aus der days after being spawned in oceanic waters. Länge ablesen zu können. Wilde Tiere haben eine Größe von 7-13 mm, im Durchschnitt also 9 mm. Man Resumen schloß daraus, daß die wilden Garnelen etwa 20-28 El estadio de postlarva (PL) es critico en el ciclo de Tage nach dem Ablaichen im Ozean im Golf of Cali - vida de los camarones, ya que las capturas dependen fornia gefangen werden können. de la fuerza de la clase anual. Para evaluar el crec - imiento de la PL en el Alto Golfo de California (AGC) Résumé realizamos un muestreo intensivo durante dos ciclos Les postlarves représentent une étape critique du completos de marea, del 2 al 27 de julio de 1995 y del cycle vital des crevettes, les récoltes dépendant de la 30 de junio al 6 de julio de 1996, simult·neamente en robustesse de cette classe annuelle. En vue d’étudier dos localidades; en el continente (Santa Clara) y en la leur croissance dans la partie haute du Golfe de Cal - península (San Felipe). Realizamos arrastres de 10 ifornie, des prélèvements intensifs ont été menés pen - minutos cada hora durante el flujo de marea (día y dant un cycle complet de marées, du 12 au 27 juillet noche). La longitud de las PL se determinó por 1995 et du 30 juin au 16 juillet 1996, simultanément medición individual con un micrómetro (0.001 mm). au large du continent (Santa Clara) et au large de la Se encontraron dos especies Farfantepenaeus cali - péninsule (San Felipe). Une drague de 10 minutes a forniensis y Litopenaeus stylirostris conocidos como été conduite toutes les heures à la marée montante, café y azul respectivamente. También se cultivaron en jour et nuit. La longueur totale (de près de deux fois el laboratorio cada una de las especies, para deter - 10000 individus) a été mesurée au micromètre au mil -

99 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Age and growth of shrimp (Decapoda: Penaeidae) postlarvae in the Upper Gulf of California lième de mm. Deux espèces ont été rencontrées: Far - and Le Reste, 1981). The final mysis stage transforms fantepenaeus californiensis (la crevette brune) et into a postlarva, just a few mm long but already Litopenaeus stylirostris (la crevette bleue). Ces deux resembling an adult. The length of the postlarval stage espèces ont été élevées pour pouvoir déterminer leur is somewhat variable, but for the purposes of this âge d’après la taille. Les postlarves sauvages ont une paper is taken to be the 15 days after mysis but before longueur de 7-13 mm, la moyenne étant de 9 mm. On it becomes a juvenile. It is widely accepted that a ainsi pu conclure que les postlarves sauvages sont penaeid shrimp postlarvae are at a critical stage in récoltées dans la partie haute du Golfe de Californie their life cycle, as they are affected by high natural 20-28 jours après la ponte dans les eaux océaniques. mortality and also, at present, by extraction for culture. Since catches depend on the strength of the year Sommario class, it is necessary to study the dynamics of their Lo stadio postlarvale è un momento critico del ciclo reproductive processes in the sea in order to under - vitale del gambero perché la riuscita della caccia stand the dynamics of postlarval development. dipende dalla forza della sua annata. Per stimare la Previous surveys on shrimp postlarvae provide keys crescita degli esemplari postlarvali nel Golfo superiore for identification at species level (Cabrera, 1983; di California, è stata effettuata un’intensa campionatura Calderon-Perez et al., 1989a, 1989b; Mair, 1979). The durante un ciclo completo di maree, dal 12 al 27 size of postlarvae that reach the coastal zone has also luglio1995 e dal 30 giugno al 16 luglio 1996, contem - been studied (Macias-Regalado & Calderon-Perez, poraneamente in due località: una al largo della ter - 1979) but the postlarval size was not correlated with raferma (Santa Clara) e una al largo della penisola age during these surveys. Some of them suggest that (San Felipe). Ogni ora, durante la marea (giorno e the number of dorsal rostral spines increases with notte) si è proceduto con una ricerca a tappeto di 10 growth but this change was not linked to age minuti. La lunghezza totale di ciascun individuo allo sta - (Calderon-Perez et al., 1989a; Mair, 1979). dio postlarvale veniva determinata tramite misurazione, The growth rate of shrimp postlarvae can be deter - con l’ausilio di micrometro calibrato (0.001 mm). Sono mined by culturing them under controlled conditions state trovate due specie: Farfantepenaeus californien - and using the data thus obtained to estimate the age sis e Litopenaeus stylirostris, noti come gambero mar - of wild-caught postlarvae by their size. In order to rone e blu, rispettivamente. Di conseguenza queste assess the growth and age of postlarvae in the upper due specie sono state allevate per studiarne l’età, sulla Gulf of California, we conducted a field survey and base della loro lunghezza. Gli esemplari postlarvali sel - laboratory culture of shrimp postlarvae. vatici misurano da 7 a 13 mm., circa 9 mm. Si è con - cluso che gli individui postlarvali sono stati trovati nel Materials and methods Golfo superiore della California dai 20 ai 28 giorni dopo The age of the postlarvae is expressed in terms of che erano stati deposti in uova nelle acque oceaniche. the number of days spent at the postlarval stage; the previous, larval, stages are not taken into consider- Introduction The shrimp fishery is the most economically import- ant in the Gulf of California (Mathews, 1981; Snyder- Conn & Brusca, 1975). Catches landed during the 1998-99 season totalled 7,821 tons. The shrimp fish - ery fleet in the upper Gulf of California works out of the ports of Puerto Penasco and Santa Clara on the main - land, and San Felipe on the Baja California peninsula (Fig. 1). This fleet exploits the northern shrimp stock which comprises two species: the brown shrimp, Far - fantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes, 1900), and the blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson, 1871). Both species were formerly assigned to the genus Penaeus, but Perez-Farfante and Kensley (1997), challenged this classification, indicating the signifi - cance of the type of thelycum (open or closed) in evo - lution, and elevated the subgenera Farfantepenaeus and Litopenaeus to generic status. Hence the currently valid names of the two species are Litopenaeus stylirostris and Farfantepenaeus californiensis. Each of these species has 11 larval stages (five nau - plius, three protozoea, and three mysis stages), Fig.1. Map of the study area showing fishing ports and moulting progressively from each to the next (García sampling locations. Bathymetry indicated in metres. aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 100 Eugenio Alberto Aragón-Noriega and Luis Eduardo Calderon-Aguilera ation and postlarval age is not the total period elapsed the wild postlarval stages, larvae were reared at the since the eggs were spawned. Thus PL1 is a day-old laboratory under controlled conditions. A shrimp postlarva, ie in its first 24 hours as a postlarva (after trawler in the upper Gulf of California caught gravid mysis), PL2 is 2 days old, and so on. females of F. californiensis and L. stylirostris. In the As shrimp postlarvae are found in the shallow zone, laboratory, these females were placed in fibreglass close to the shore and at depths of less than 2.0 m, tanks (one for each species) of about 1500 l capacity, they have to be collected manually. We used a containing water with 36%0 salinity and a temperature specially-designed and custom-made plankton net of 28.5°C. The nauplii were placed in circular fibre - (mesh size: 505 µ, attached to a stainless steel sup - glass tanks and reared as described in Naranjo- port; net mouth: 40 X 50 cm), trawled by two people. Paramo et al. (1996). The larvae were fed micro-algae The net had a calibrated flow-meter in its mouth to (100,000 - 200,000 cell/ml) (Chaetoceros sp., Isochry - estimate the volume filtered. Ten minute trawls were sis galbana, and Tetraselmis suecica) from zoea to performed each hour during the flood tide (tides in the the first postlarva day. In addition, Artemia was added Gulf of California are semidiurnal, so we sampled (0.1 nauplii/ml) from the second stage of mysis both by day and by night). We performed intensive through all postlarval stages. sampling during a complete tide cycle from July 12- After the shrimps had reached the postlarval stage 27, 1995 and from June 30 - July 16, 1996. Surveys (PL1) they were placed in a 500 l plastic tank and ten were conducted simultaneously by two teams with individuals of each species were sampled every day, identical gear and in two locations: one on the penin - from PL1 to PL15. sula (San Felipe, Baja California) and the other on the Total length (TL) and carapace length (CL) of each mainland (Santa Clara, Sonora, Mexico) (Fig. 1). of these postlarvae was measured with the aid of a Species identification was effected following calibrated micrometer. Calderon-Perez et al. (1989b) and Mair (1979), and The parameter values of the growth curve were was checked against laboratory-reared postlarvae obtained and a linear model was fitted, using the spe - from known progenitors. cific functions included in the Excel V. 5.0 software In order to verify the species identification and to age package. A linear equation to describe the relation -

Fig. 2. Daily length frequency distribution of F. cali - Fig.3. Daily length frequency distribution of L. stylirostris forniensis from July 12-26, 1995 off San Felipe from July 12-26, 1995 off San Felipe (N = 2,875) and (N = 2,946) and from July 17-26, 1995 off Santa Clara from July 17-26, 1995 off Santa Clara (N = 959). All (N = 839). All graphs use the same scale. graphs use the same scale.

101 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Age and growth of shrimp (Decapoda: Penaeidae) postlarvae in the Upper Gulf of California ship between TL and CL was also generated. 1998). The effect of temperature on the growth of F. cal - iforniensis was mentioned by García-Guerrero (1994) Results and the salinity effect for the same species was A total of 9,719 brown shrimp postlarvae and 9,980 analysed by Martinez-Cordova et al. (1996). However, blue shrimp postlarvae were measured from both we reared larvae and postlarvae using the same range locations and surveys. Total length ranged from 7 to of temperature and salinity as they would encounter in 13 mm and averaged 9 mm. Continuing recruitment of the wild (28-29 °C and 36, respectively). These envir- postlarvae to the sampling area precluded the use of onmental parameters are common in the upper Gulf of length data for estimating growth rates (Figures 2 - 5). California during summer (Alvarez-Borrego, in press). The length-age relationship of the captive-reared The size of the first postlarvae (PL1) in this study postlarvae is shown in Fig. 6. and the time they took to reach the PL1 stage (12 A linear model adequately described the data days) is within the range previously recorded (Kitani & (adjusted r-square larger than 0.95 in the two cases). Alvarado, 1982; Chavez & Rodriguez de la Cruz, Growth rate in both species was over 0.32 mm/day -1 . 1971; García-Guerrero, 1994). The relationship of TL to CL was described by the fol - Due to the lack of studies on individual growth of lowing equations: shrimp during the early life stages, it is difficult to know if the growth rate recorded during our research L. stylirostris TL = 3.7556C L - 0.9776 is high or low. Most of the previous studies report F. californiensis TL = 2.5299CL + 2.4253 weekly weight gain (Ponce-Palafox et al., 1997) or ini - tial and final size only (Garcia-Guerrero, 1994). Discussion The smallest size of postlarvae found in the upper Previous studies on the growth of penaeid larvae have Gulf of California is similar to that found off the south - shown the effect on growth rate of environmental fac - ern coast of the gulf (Sinaloa) (Calderon-Perez et al., tors such as salinity and temperature (Rothlisberg, 1989a; Macias-Regalado & Calderon-Perez, 1979).

Fig.4. Daily length frequency distribution of F. californien - Fig. 5. Daily length frequency distribution of L. stylirostris si s from June 30 - July 15, 1996 off San Felipe (N = from June 30 - July 15, 1996 off San Felipe (N = 4,964) 4,617) and off Santa Clara (N = 1,317). All graphs use and off Santa Clara (N = 1,382). All graphs use the same the same scale. No data for Santa Clara on July 3. scale. No data for Santa Clara on July 3. aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 102 Eugenio Alberto Aragón-Noriega and Luis Eduardo Calderon-Aguilera

of the adjacent coastal waters (Garcia & Le Reste, 1981). It is also worth remarking that the postlarvae found off San Felipe were, on average, younger (22 days) than those found off Santa Clara (28 days). Since water circulation in the upper Gulf of California is cyclonic (Lavin et al., 1997; López, 1997; Carriquri & Sanchez, 1999), it was expected that the reverse would be the case, ie younger postlarvae off Santa Clara than off San Felipe. This finding suggests that the postlarvae found off San Felipe could come from a different stock than those off Santa Clara. a Assuming firstly that laboratory growth rates equal field growth rate, and secondly, the same growth rate for both sites, the locations of the spawning stocks in the upper Gulf of California could be located. This is important, because these are the stocks that con - tribute most to the recruitment of postlarvae in this area. Maciel-Gomez (1995) found that F. californiensis and L. stylirostris were most abundant in the upper Gulf of California within the first 10 days of July. Our data also indicate that the June-spawning brood-stock is the most important parental stock contributing to recruit - ment into the nursery area, and, as a result, recruit - ment to the fishery.

Summary b Postlarvae recruit to the upper Gulf of California when they are 20 - 28 days old. There are no postlarvae younger than 19 days old in the sampling area. Fig. 6. Size relative to age of F. californiensis (a) and of It is likely that there is more than one spawning stock L. stylirostris (b) cultured under controlled conditions. in the upper Gulf of California. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals around the mean. Acknowledgements The National Council of Science and Technology of However, those authors do not report the age of the Mexico (REF. CONACYT 3876-T) supported the pre - postlarvae. sent study and granted a fellowship to the first author Both off the mainland (the coast of Sonora) and off (CONACYT 92829). Sabina Widmann proof-read the the peninsula (coast of Baja California), the youngest English version. The comments of anonymous review - postlarvae that we collected were PL7, i.e. 19 days ers led to improvement of the original version of this post-spawning. The net used for sampling can catch paper. very small organisms (<400 µ) so we can be positive that there were no younger postlarvae in the area. This means that the spawning stock is not found close by. It should be pointed out that at PL7 the postlarvae References already have gills and are thus able to resist osmotic Alvarez-Borrego, S. In press: The Colorado River changes due to the higher salinity found in the sam - Estuary and Upper Gulf of California, Baja Mexico. pling area (Rodriguez-Marin & Reprieto-Garcia, In: Ecological Studies, Vol. 14 : Coastal Marine 1982). Ecosystems of Latin America. Springer-Verlag, On the other hand, the oldest specimens were 33 - Berlin & Heidelberg. 42 days old (from spawning) which is the age at which Cabrera J. J. 1983. Characters of taxonomic value of they change from a planktonic to a benthic habit (Dall the postlarvae of the shrimp Penaeus (Farfante- et al., 1990). This clearly shows that this is a nursery penaeus) brevirostris Kingsley (Decapoda, Natantia) area for shrimp, which is remarkable considering that of the Gulf of California, México. Crustaceana 44 : it is generally accepted that the early stages of shrimp 292-300. inhabit coastal lagoons with a salinity lower than that Calderon-Perez J. A., Macias-Regalado, E., Abreu-

103 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Age and growth of shrimp (Decapoda: Penaeidae) postlarvae in the Upper Gulf of California

Grobois, F. A. & S. Rendón-Rodriguez. 1989a. four species of Penaeus (Crustacea: Decapoda) Antennular flagella: A useful character for from the Pacific Coast of Mexico. Journal of Zoology distinguishing subgenera among postlarval shrimp 188: 347-351. of the genus Penaeus (Decapoda) from the Gulf of Martinez-Cordova L. R, Porchas-Cornejo, M. A., California. Journal of Crustacean Biology 9 (3) : 482- Portillo-Clark, G., & F. Magallon Barajas. 1996. 491. Effect of increased salinity for nursery of yellow leg Calderon-Perez, J. A., Macias, E., & S. Rendón. shrimp Penaeus californiensis postlarvae hatched at 1989b. Identification key for postlarval and early different salinities. Journal of the Aquaculture in the stages of Penaeus shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda) Tropics 11 (3): 175-178. from the Gulf of California. Mexico. Ciencias Marinas Mathews C. P. 1981. A review of the North American 15 (3) : 57-70. penaeid fisheries, with particular reference to Mex - Carriquiry, J. D. & A. Sanchez. 1999. Sedimentation ico. Kuwait Bulletin of Marine Science 2: 325-409. in the Colorado River delta and Upper Gulf of Cali - Naranjo-Parama J., Aragon-Noriega, E. A., Magal - fornia after a century of discharge loss. Marine Geol - lon-Barajas, F., & G. Portillo-Clark. 1996. ogy 158 : 125-145. Produccion de postlarvas de camarón café Penaeus Chavez, E. A. & M. C. Rodriguez de la Cruz. 1971. californiensis en tanques semicomerciales. Ocean- Estudio sobre el crecimiento del camarón café ologia (México) 10 : 73-82. (Penaeus californiensis Holmes) del Golfo de Cali - Pérez-Farfante, I. & B. Kensley. 1997. Penaeoid and fornia. Revista de Ia Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Segestoid Shrimps and Prawns of the World. Keys Natural (México) 32 : 111-127. and Diagnoses for the Families and Genera. Dall, W., Hill, B. J., Rothlisberg, P. C., & D. J. Sta - Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, ples. 1990. The Biology of the Penaidae. In: Paris. Tome 175, Zoologie: 233. Advances in Marine Biology (Eds. J. H. Blaxter & A. Ponce-Palafox, J. C., Martinez Palacios, A., & L. G. J. Southward), 27 : 1-489. Academic Press, London. Ross . 1997. The effects of salinity and temperature on García, S & L. Le Reste. 1981. Life cycles, dynamics, the growth and survival rates of juvenile white shrimp, exploitation and management of coastal penaeid Penaeus vanname Boone, 1931. Aquaculture 157 : shrimp stocks. FAO Fisheries Technical Papers 203 : 107-115 . 215. Rodríguez-Marin, F. & J. Reprieto-García. 1982. El Garcia-Guerrero, M. U. 1994. Influencia de la tem - cultivo del camarón azul Penaeus stylirostris (Stimp - peratura en el desarrollo latvario del camarón café son). Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tec - Penaeus californiensis. B.S. Thesis. Universidad nológicas de Ia Universidad de Sonora. Hermosillo, Autonoma de Baja California Sur, México. 78 pp. Mexico. 126 pp. Kitani, H. & J. N. Alvarado. 1982. The larval develop - Rothlisberg P. C. 1998. Aspects of penaeid biology ment of the pacific brown shrimp Penaeus cali - and ecology of relevance to aquaculture: a review. forniensis Holmes reared in the laboratory. Bulletin of Aquaculture 164 : 49-65. the Japan Society of Scientific Fisheries 48 (3) : 375- Snyder-Conn E. & R. C. Brusca. 1975. Shrimp Pop - 389. ulation dynamics and fishery impact in the northern Lavin, M. F., Durazo, R., Palacios, E., Argote, M. L., Gulf of California. 1967-1968. Ciencias Marinas & L. Carrillo. 1997. Langrangian observations of the 2 (2) : 54-67. circulation in the Northern Gulf of California. Journal of Physical Oceanography 27 (10) : 2298-2305. Lopez, M. 1997. A numerical simulation of water mass formation in the northern Gulf of California during winter. Continental Shelf Research 17 (13) : 1581-1607. Macias-Regalado E. & J. A. Calderon-Perez. 1979. Talla de inmigracion de postlarvas de camarón al sistema lagunar Huizache Caimanero, Sinaloa, México (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeus). Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Uni - versidad Nacional Autonoma de México 6 (2) : 99- 106. Maciel-Gomez A. H. 1995. Abundancia de postlarvas del camarón (Penaeus sp.) durante el periodo reproductivo 1993 en una localidad del Golfo de Cal - ifornia. M.S. Thesis, CICESE Ensenada, México. 66 pp. Mair, J. McD. 1979. The identification of postlarvae of aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 104 aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology Redescription of the Brazilian Wrasse Thalassoma noronhanum (Boulenger, 1890) (Teleostei: Labridae)

Luiz A. Rocha 1, Ricardo Z. P. Guimarães 2, & João Luiz Gasparini 3

1) University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA; e-mail: [email protected] 2) Laboratório de Biodiversidade de Recursos Pesqueiros, NlGP - UFRJ, Depto. de Biologia Marinha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-569, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected] 3) Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, UFES, Caixa Postal 5130, Vitória, ES 29041-970, Brazil ; e-mail: [email protected]

Accepted: 14.03.2001 Keywords de Manuel Luiz jusqu’à la côte de São Paulo et autour Western Atlantic, Brazil, reef fish, endemism, de toutes les îles brésiliennes, qu’il s’agisse de récifs Thalassoma, Labridae rocheux ou de récifs d’algues calcaires. Elle a été récoltée depuis le rivage jusqu’à une profondeur de 60 Abstract m. Les jeunes sont des nettoyeurs d’autres poissons, et Thalassoma noronhanum is a poorly known wrasse les femelles adultes sont groupées en harems dominés that inhabits tropical reefs of the western South par quelques mâles entièrement matures (phase termi - Atlantic. The species is found from Parcel de Manuel nale). Luiz reefs to the coast of São Paulo, and at all Brazil - ian oceanic islands. It inhabits rocky and coralline Sommario algae reefs, and was collected from the shoreline to Il Thalassoma noronhanum é un tordo poco noto che depths of 60 m. Juveniles are known to clean other abita il reef tropicale dell’Atlantico del Sud occidentale. fish, and adult females form harems dominated by a La specie si trova dal reef di Parcel de Manuel Luiz fino few terminal-phase males. alla costa di San Paolo del Brasile e in tutte le isole oceaniche brasiliane. Abita i reef rocciosi e di alghe Resumo coralline ed è stato raccolto sia a riva che a 60 m. di Thalassoma noronhanum é um peixe pouco con - profondità. Si sa che i sub-adulti puliscono gli altri pesci hecido que habita recifes tropicais do Atlantico Sul oci - e le femmine adulte formano harem che vengono dom - dental. Esta espécie é encontrada do Parcel de Manuel inati da alcuni maschi terminale. Luiz até a costa de São Paulo, e em todas as ilhas oceânicas brasileiras. Ela habita recifes rochosos e de Introduction algas calcárias e foi coletada da linha da praia até pro - There are four valid Thalassoma species in the fundidades de 60 m. Jovens são conhecidos por limpar Atlantic: Thalassoma bifasciatum (Bloch, 1791) from the outros peixes, e fêmeas adultas formam harens domi - Caribbean Sea, Florida, Bahamas, and Bermuda; Tha - nados por poucos machos terminais. lassoma pavo (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic; Thalassoma sanctaehelenae Zusammenfassung (Valenciennes, 1839) from Ascension and St Helena Thalassoma noronhanum ist ein kaum bekannter Lipp - Islands; and Thalassoma noronhanum (Boulenger, fisch, der in den tropischen Riffen im westlichen Südat - 1890) from Brazil. The last-named species was origin- lantik beheimatet ist. Diese Spezies wurde in den Parcel ally described from five juveniles, and at that time was de Manuel Luiz Riffen vor der Küste von São Paulo believed to be endemic to Fernando de Noronha Island gefunden sowie vor allen brasilianischen Ozeaninseln. (Boulenger, 1890). Additional specimens have been col - Der Lippfisch besiedelt steinige Riffe und korallenartige lected only in the past few years, and Ramos (1994) Algenriffe und wurde vor der Küste bis in eine Tiefe von was the first to record the species in continental waters 60 m gefangen. Es ist bekannt,daß Jungfische andere off north-eastern Brazil. Fische reinigen, während erwachsene Weibchen With increasing interest in reef fishes on the part of Harems bilden unter wenigen dominanten Männchen. Brazilian ichthyologists, several remote reefs have been surveyed (eg . Rocha et al., 1998, Rocha, 1999, Résumé Gasparini & Floeter, in press), and the amount of data Thalassoma noronhanum est un Labre peu connu qui available for Thalassoma noronhanum and other habite les récifs tropicaux de la partie ouest de l’Atlan - Brazilian reef species has increased dramatically. tique sud. L’espèce se rencontre depuis le récif Parcel The purpose of this paper is to redescribe

105 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Redescription of the Brazilian Wrasse Thalassoma noronhanum (Boulenger, 1890) (Teleostei: Labridae)

Thalassoma noronhanum, to indicate its actual SL, Trindade Island, SE Brazil, collected by R. Z. P. distribution, and to comment on its ecology and Guimarães, 10th October, 1998. LBRP 5233, 5 juve - behaviour. niles, 35.5-41.5 mm SL, Trindade Island, SE Brazil, col - lected by R. Z. P. Guimarães, 9th October, 1998. LBRP Materials and Methods 5456, 5 females, 48.1-54.5 mm SL, Trindade Island, SE Methods for counting and measuring follow Kuiter Brazil, collected by R. Z. P. Guimarães, 15th Septem - and Allen (1999), with the exception of lateral line ber, 1995. UFPB 1738, 1 juvenile, 24.4 mm SL, Paraíba scales, which are given as a single total number. State, NE Brazil (03°09’S, 34°45’W), collected by R. T. Unless otherwise stated, all measurements refer to C. Ramos, 18th May, 1986. Standard Length (SL). With the exception of the syn - types, all specimens were collected by the authors Diagnosis with hand nets during SCUBA or free diving activities. Thalassoma noronhanum is distinguished from its The specimens examined are deposited at the ichthy - congeners by the following combination of characters: ological collections of the Natural History Museum, Dorsal rays VIII, 12-14 (usually 13); pectoral rays 12- London (BMNH), Universidade Federal do Espirito 14; lateral line with 26 or 27 pored scales (rarely 26). Santo, Espirito Santo, Brazil (UFES), Laboratório de Juveniles and females with lower half of body white, Biodiversidade de Recursos Pesqueiros, Universidade upper half dark brown, narrow yellow stripe along belly, Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (LBRP), and Univer - and black spot on anterior portion of dorsal fin. Body sidade Federal da Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil (UFPB). bluish or purple in terminal-phase males, with narrow dark-blue bands on head. Thalassoma noronhanum (Boulenger) Noronha Wrasse Description (Figs. 1-3; Table I) Measurements and counts of syntypes and selected specimens of T. noronhanum are presented in Table I. Julis noronhana Boulenger 1890: 483. Body elongate, cylindrical; head without scales. Lat - eral line continuous, with angular section beneath Type locality: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, posterior part of soft dorsal fin. Mouth terminal, mod - Brazil. erately oblique, with conical teeth present on both Syntypes: BMNH 39470, 5 juveniles, 32.2-47.2 mm jaws, but none developed as prominent canines; pre - SL, collected in tide pools on eastern side of Fer - opercular margin smooth. Eyes proportionally smaller nando de Noronha Island, northeastern Brazil, G. A. in terminal-phase males than in juveniles and Boulenger, 19 January, 1890. females. Caudal fin truncate in juveniles; lunate in Additional specimens: UFES 1402, male, 125 mm adults, especially terminal-phase males. SL, llha Escalvada, Guarapari, Espírito Santo State, SE Colour in life of juveniles and females: Lower half Brazil, collected by J. L. Gasparini, 16th November, of body white, upper half dark brown, with narrow light 1997. LBRP 5455, 11 juveniles 27.8- 30.1 mm SL, Fer - stripe along upper half of body from back of eye to nando de Noronha Island, NE Brazil. collected by L. F. caudal peduncle; narrow yellow stripe along lower half Mendes, 9th May, 1998. LBRP 5218, male, 76.5 mm of body. Black spot on anterior portion of dorsal fin, Table I. Proportional measurements and fin element counts of syntypes and selected specimens of Thalassoma noronhanum.

Syntypes UFES LBRP LBRP LBRP BMNH 39470 1402 5458 5218 5456 Juveniles Male Females Female Females Total length (mm) 38.8 41.1 46.0 54.9 57.5 133.6 51.2 70.1 82.7 60.3 53.2 Standard length (mm) 32.2 34.5 37.5 48.3 47.2 125.0 46.5 62.9 76.5 54.5 48.1 Body depth 20.8 23.2 22.9 22.8 23.5 28.2 23.9 22.1 28.2 24.2 23.5 Caudal peduncle depth 13.7 13.6 13.3 12.6 16.9 14.8 14.8 13.0 15.0 13.9 13.3 Head length 30.4 26.7 28.8 27.3 30.3 31.0 31.0 29.7 30.1 30.6 30.4 Snout length 9.0 7.5 9.1 8.3 8.7 7.2 7.3 6.5 7.7 6.6 7.9 Orbit diameter 7.5 8.1 8.3 7.0 7.4 5.0 7.7 6.7 6.9 7.5 7.1 Interorbital width 9.3 6.7 9.3 6.2 8.7 9.3 8.4 8.7 7.8 8.6 7.9 Pectoral fin length 18.3 20.0 19.7 16.6 20.3 24.0 21.5 23.1 21.2 22.4 18.7 Pelvic fin length 11.5 10.7 11.5 11.2 11.2 13.1 13.1 12.6 13.3 13.2 11.4 Dorsal rays 13 14 13 13 12 12 13 14 13 13 13 Anal rays 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Pectoral rays 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 Lateral line scales 26 26 27 27 26 27 27 27 27 27 27

aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 106 Luiz A. Rocha, Ricardo Z. P. Guimarães, & João L. Gasparini

Fig. 1. Initial-phase Thalassoma noronhanum collected off Paraiba State, NE Brazil. Photo by L. A. Rocha.

Fig. 2. Large female Thalassoma noronhanum. Note the bicolored body (typical initial phase) with blue lines on head radiating from eye (typical terminal phase). Photo by G. R. Allen.

Fig. 3. Terminal-phase male Thalassoma noronhanum photographed off Abrolhos Reefs, NE Brazil. Photo by G. R. Allen. between first and fourth spines; three orange spots on thirds of body dark blue with light blue margins, giving uppermost region of dorsal fin membrane, between impression of reticulated pattern. Distal portion of pect- first four spines. Pectoral, ventral, and anal fins oral and anterior portion of dorsal fins black; upper half translucent (Fig. 1). Large females bicolored, with of caudal fin light blue, lower half dark (Fig. 3). dark blue narrow bands on head radiating from eye, Colour in alcohol: Juveniles and females mostly and lacking yellow stripes on body (Fig. 2). bicolored, with upper half of body dark brown and Colour in life of terminal-phase males: Bluish or lower half cream; weak dark spot on anterior part of purple body with yellow-green head; dark blue narrow dorsal fin; terminal-phase males brownish with faded bands on head radiating from eye. Scales on upper two bands on head.

107 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Redescription of the Brazilian Wrasse Thalassoma noronhanum (Boulenger, 1890) (Teleostei: Labridae)

Distribution and laboratory. L. F. Mendes collected additional spec - Thalassoma noronhanum is found from Parcel de imens.R. S. Rosa and A. Carvalho Filho made valu - Manuel Luiz reefs, off Maranhão State (00°53'S; 44° able suggestions and provided additional information. 16' W) to Laje de Santos, off São Paulo State (24°19' J. Maclaine and A. M. Hine allowed us to borrow the S; 46°11'W). It has been reported from all Brazilian BMNH syntypes. G. Burgess and J. Albert allowed the oceanic islands (Lubbock & Edwards, 1981; Rosa & use of the Florida Museum of Natural History ichthy - Moura, 1997; Gasparini & Floeter, in press), but no ology laboratory and gave access to comparative specimens were observed by the first author during a material. Logistical help was provided by Maranhão field trip to St. Paul's Rocks in May 1999. State Envirnomental Bureau at Parcel Manuel Luiz reefs, IBAMA at Atol das Rocas, and the Brazilian Habitat and Ecology Navy at St. Paul's Rocks and Trindade Island. Funding The Noronha wrasse was observed and collected for L. A. Rocha was provided by CAPES, Brazilian from the shoreline to depths of 60 m on algae or rocky Ministry of Education. reefs along the Brazilian coast. Large aggregations of the species, containing a few terminal-phase males References and many juveniles and females, were seen during Boulenger, G. A., 1890. Pisces. In: Ridley, H. N., the day. On the deeper reefs (40 - 60m) the species Notes on the zoology of Fernando Noronha. Journal was observed seeking protection inside the lumen of of the Linnean Society of London Zoology 20 : 483. tubular sponges (Rocha et al., 2000). A few minutes Francini-Filho, R. B., Moura, R. L., & I. Sazima. before sunset these fishes seek protection in small 2000. Cleaning by the wrasse Thalassoma noron - crevices in the reef, where they spend the night. They hanum, with two records of predation by its grouper feed mainly on small benthic invertebrates and zoo - client Cephalopholis fulva . Journal of Fish Biology plankton. Juveniles are known to clean other species 56 : 802-809. such as damselfishes, surgeonfishes, parrotfishes, Gasparini, J. L. & S. R. Floeter, in press. The shore grunts, and small groupers (Francini-Filho et al., 2000; fishes of Trindade Island, western South Atlantic. Gasparini & Floeter, in press). Journal of Natural History. Kuiter, R. H. & G. R. Allen. 1999. Descriptions of Reproductive behavior three new wrasses (Teleostei: Perciformes: Labrid- Group spawning events involving initial-phase males ae: Paracheilinus) from Indonesia and north-west - and females were recorded during afternoon dives at ern Australia with evidence of possible hybridization. Atol das Rocas during May 1997. Spawning events aqua,Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology generally began with the arrival of hundreds of initial- 3 (3) : 119-132. phase coloured fishes in an area with prominent rocky Lubbock, R. & A. Edwards. 1981. The fishes of Saint outcrops, where they swam together in dense aggreg- Paul's Rocks. Journal of Fish Biology 18 : 135-137. ations. The actual spawning took place when the Ramos, R. T. C. 1994. Análise da composição e dis - fishes aggregated into a denser school while moving tribuição da fauna de peixes demersais da upwards in the water column. After ascending about 2 plataforma continental da Paraíba e Estados vizin - metres, the fishes reversed direction and returned to hos. Revista Nordestina de Biologia 9 (1) : 1-30. the substrate, leaving a cloud of fertilized eggs in the Randall, J. E. 1996. Caribbean Reef Fishes. TFH water column. Publications. Neptune City, NJ. 368 Pp. Pair spawning was recorded at Parcel de Manuel Rocha, L. A. 1999. Composição e Estrutura da Luiz reef, where a terminal-phase male was seen Comunidade de Peixes do Parque Estadual Marinho defending a small territory and spawning with females do Parcel de Manuel Luiz, Maranhão, Brasil. M.Sc. (one at a time) within it. Much as in group spawning Thesis. Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Brazil. behaviour, the pair swam upwards in the water col - Rocha, L. A., I. L. Rosa & R. S. Rosa. 1998. Peixes umn for about 2 metres, then reversed direction, leav - recifais da costa da Paraíba, Brasil. Revista ing a cloud of eggs behind them. The female then left Brasileira de Zoologia 15 (2) : 553-566. the male's territory. In due course another female Rocha, L. A., Rosa, I. L., & B. M. Feitoza, 2000. entered the territory and spawned.. Sponge dwelling fishes of northeastern Brazil. Envir- Similar group- and pair-spawning behaviour has onmental Biology of Fishes 59 (4) : 453-458. been recorded for several other labrid species Rosa, R. S. & R. L. Moura. 1997. Visual assessment (Thresher, 1984; Randall, 1996). of reef fish community structure in the Atol das Rocas Biological Reserve, off northeastern Brazil. Acknowledgements Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef We would like to thank G. R. Allen for kindly provid - Symposium 1: 983-986. ing colour photographs of live individuals. W. F. Smith- Thresher, R. E. 1984. Reproduction in Reef Fishes. Vaniz revised the manuscript. C. R. Rocha, B. M. TFH Publications. Neptune City, NJ. 399 Pp. Feitoza, D. A. Jório and I. L. Rosa helped in the field aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 108 aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., a new dartfish (Gobioidei: Microdesmidae) from the Brazilian Coast

João Luiz Gasparini 1, Luiz A. Rocha 2, and Sergio R. Floeter 3

1) Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, UFES, Caixa Postal 5130, Vitória, ES 29041-970, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected] 2) Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71 st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA; e-mail: [email protected] 3) Lab. de Ciências Ambientais, UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28015-620, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected]

Accepted: 29.03.2001

Keywords sechsten Strahl verlängert als Filament. Die kürzeren Western Atlantic; Brazil; reef fish; Ptereleotrinae; Bauchflossen haben in etwa die gleiche Länge wie die new dartfish; endemism Brustflossen. Die neue Art wurde bei den Parcel de Manuel Luiz Riffen (00°52‘S, 44°16‘W) NO Brasilien bis Abstract zum Alcatraz Archipel gefunden (24°06‘S,45°42‘W) SO Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., the third species of the Brasilien in einer Tiefe zwischen 8 und 60 m. genus from the Western Atlantic, is described from the Brazilian Coast. It differs from P. helenae , its North Résumé Atlantic sister species, in having the second dorsal Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., troisième espèce atlan - and anal fins comparatively lower and slightly more tique orientale du genre, est décrite de la côte brésili - elevated anteriorly; a shorter caudal fin with the fifth enne. L’espèce diffère de P. helenae, espèce-soeur de and sixth rays prolonged as filaments; and shorter l’Atlantique nord, par la seconde nageoire dorsale et pelvic fins which are about the same length as the la nageoire anale moins hautes en arrière et légère - pectorals. This species is known from Parcel de ment plus élevées en avant, nageoire causale plus Manuel Luiz (00°52’S, 44°16’W), NE Brazil to Alca - courte avec les 5e et 6e rayons prolongés en fila - trazes Archipelago (24°06’S, 45°42’W), SE Brazil, in ments, et des nageoires pelviennes également plus depths between 8 and 60 m . courtes, pratiquement aussi courtes que les pec - torales. L’espèce est connue du récif Parcel de Resumo Manuel Luiz (00°52’S, 44°16’O), nord-est du Brésil, Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., uma terceira espécie do jusqu’à l’archipel d’Alcatrazes (24°06’S, 45°42’O), gênero do Atlântico Ocidental, é descrita da costa sud-est du Brésil, entre 8 et 60 m de profondeur. Brasileira. Ela difere de P. helenae, sua espécie irmã do Atlântico Norte, por possuir a segunda nadadeira Sommario dorsal e anal comparativamente mais baixas, ele - Il Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., la terza specie del genere vadas anteriormente; nadadeira caudal curta com o dell’Atlantico occidentale, viene descritta sulla base di quinto e sexto raios prolongados como filamentos; e ritrovamenti sulla costa del Brasile. Si differenzia dal P. nadadeiras pélvicas mais curtas, cujo comprimento é helenae, la sua specie consorella del nord Atlantico, aproximadamente o mesmo que o das peitorais. Esta perché presenta la seconda pinne dorsali e anali più espécie é conhecida do Parcel Manuel Luiz (00°52’S, basse e leggermente più elevate anteriormente; una 44°16’W), NE Brasil ão Arquipélago dos Alcatrazes pinna caudale più corta con il quinto e sesto raggio pro - (24°06’S, 45°42’W), SE Brasil, em profundidades lungati come filamenti; e pinne pelviche più corte che entre 8 e 60 m. sono circa della stessa lunghezza dei pettorali. Questa specie è diffusa da Parcel de Manuel Luiz (00°52’S, Zusammenfassung 44°16’W), NE Brasile, fino all’arcipelago di Alcatraz Ptereleotris randialli n. sp., eine dritte Spezies der (24°06’S, 45°42’W), SE Brasile, a profondità tra gli 8 e Gattung vom westlichen Atlantik, wird von der brasil - i 60 m. ianischen Küste bestimmt. Sie unterscheidet sich von der P. helenae, der nordatlantischen Schwesterspezie Introduction dadurch das die zweite Rücken- sowie Analflosse ver - The genus Ptereleotris is one of five described gen - gleichsweise flacher aber nach vorne erhöhter ist. Sie era of the subfamily Ptereleotrinae. Fishes of this hat eine kürzere Schwanzflosse mit dem fünften und genus are small with an elongate slender body, and

109 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., a new dartfish (Gobioidei: Microdesmidae) from the Brazilian Coast are commonly known as dartfishes. They occur in or between the tips of the upper longest rays and the around coral and rocky reefs of the Indian, Pacific, middle caudal rays. Unless otherwise stated, all length and Western Atlantic oceans, and take refuge in bur - measurements are standard length (SL). Data in rows in the sand when threatened (Randall & Hoese, parentheses in the description refer to paratypes. 1985). Type specimens are deposited at the ichthyological Two dartfishes have previously been described from collections of the following institutions: Museu the Atlantic Ocean: Ptereleotris calliurus (Bean, Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ), Labor- 1882), endemic to the coast of Florida, and atório de Biodiversidade de Recursos Pesqueiros, Ptereleotris helenae (Randall, 1967), from Caribbean Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil islands and the Bahamas (Randall, 1996). In the pre - (LBRP), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil sent paper , a third species of the genus from the (UFPB), Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão, Western Atlantic is described. Espírito Santo, Brazil (MBML), and Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA (UF). Materials and Methods Specimens were collected using hand nets during Ptereleotris randalli n. sp. SCUBA dives, and sometimes fresh water or formalin Brazilian dartfish (10%) was injected into the burrow to force the fish (Figs. 1-3; Table I) out. Methods for counts and measurements are those Ptereleotris helenae non Randall: Moura et al ., 1999: described by Randall & Hoese (1985), except for 524, Alcatrazes Archipelago, São Paulo, Brazil. caudal asymmetry, which is the horizontal distance Ptereleotris sp. Carvalho-Filho, 1999: 211, Brazil;

Fig. 1 . Holotype of Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., MNRJ 20145, 87.1 mm SL. Photo by J. L. Gasparini.

Fig. 2. Holotype of Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., photographed in an aquarium immediately after collection. Photo by J. L. Gasparini. aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 110 João Luiz Gasparini, Luiz A. Rocha, and Sergio R. Floeter

Fig. 3. Underwater photograph of Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., Abrolhos Area, NE Brazil. Photo by G. R. Allen.

Rocha, 1999: 81, Parcel Manuel Luiz, Maranhão, fin short, the fifth and sixth rays prolonged as fila - Brazil. ments; pelvic fins short, about the same length as pectorals. Holotype: MNRJ 20145, male, 87.1 mm SL, Ilhas Rasas, Guarapari, Espírito Santo, off SE Brazil, at a Description depth of 12m. Collected by R. Z. P. Guimarães; C. A. Measurements of the type series of P. randalli are Rangel, & J. L. Gasparini, 29 March 1999. given in Table I. Paratypes: LBRP 5445, juvenile, 39.9 mm SL, data Dorsal rays VI – I, 23 (22-24); anal rays I, 22 (21-23); as for holotype; UFPB 3750, 2 juveniles, 35.2-40.1 pectoral rays 21 (20-22); pelvic rays I,4; principal mm SL, João Pessoa, Paraíba, NE Brazil, at a depth caudal rays 15. of 52.5 m. Collected by L. A. Rocha and B. M. Body elongate (depth 6.9 (6.2 – 7.0) in SL) and mod - Feitoza, 07 May 1998; UFPB 3978, juvenile, 37 mm erately compressed (width 1.8 (1.6 – 2.1) in depth); SL, Parcel Manuel Luiz Marine State Park, NE Brazil, head length 5.0 (4.1 – 5.0) in SL; snout short, its at a depth of 18 m. Collected by L. A. Rocha and B. length 3.6 (3.3 – 3.8) in head; orbit diameter 4.0 (3.5 M. Feitoza, 14 Jan. 1998; UFPB 4488, female, 43.4 – 4.1) in head; interorbital width 3.0 (3.0 – 3.7) in mm SL, Ilhas Rasas, Guarapari, Espírito Santo, SE head. Brazil, at a depth of 18 m. Collected by J. L. Gasparini Low median fleshy ridge on top of head, extending and D. A. Jório, 20 Jan. 1998; UFPB 4489, male, 47.7 from interorbital space to origin of first dorsal fin. mm SL, data as for UFPB 4488; UF 113884, female, Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Mouth very 50.0 mm data as for UFPB 4488; MBML 402, juvenile, oblique; maxilla reaching vertical in front of pupil. 42.9 mm SL, data as for UFPB 4488; MBML 403, Upper jaw with two rows of teeth; inner row with small female, 48.8 mm SL, data as for UFPB 4488. teeth and pair of canines; outer row with moderately Comparative Material: Ptereleotris helenae : UF large canine-like teeth. Lower jaw with single posterior 13369, paratype, 20 mm SL, St. Thomas, US Virgin row of conical teeth and two anterior rows, innermost Islands; UF 13370, paratype, 78.5 mm SL, Cow Bay, row with two to four enlarged canines. No teeth on Jamaica; UF 206055, paratype, 44 mm SL, St. John, vomer or palatine bones. US Virgin Islands; UF 222893, 3 paratypes, 78.6-88.5 Very small scales on body, embedded and cycloid mm SL, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. Ptereleotris calliurus : anteriorly and only partially embedded and ctenoid UF 30633, 70.14 mm SL, North Carolina; UF 73223, posteriorly on body; no scales on head, prepectoral 82.44 mm SL, Gulf of Mexico, Apalachee Bay, Florida; region, or fins except for approximately basal fourth UF 205972, 39.8 mm SL, Alligator Reef, Florida; UF of caudal fin. 209819, 59.7 mm SL, Florida Keys, Florida. Origin of first dorsal fin immediately after vertical at end of ventral fin base. Spines of first dorsal fin longer Diagnosis than rays of second dorsal fin; dorsal fin spines flex- Ptereleotris randalli can be distinguished from its ible and curved backwards, fifth spine longest; third or Atlantic congeners by the following combination of fourth dorsal fin ray longest, all rays branched. Anal fin characters: bright orange-yellow submarginal band in similar to second dorsal fin, slightly elevated anteri - the dorsal and anal fins; second dorsal and anal fins orly; pectorals rounded, with tips nearly reaching ver - comparatively low, slightly elevated anteriorly; caudal tical at base of last spine of first dorsal fin, their

111 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., a new dartfish (Gobioidei: Microdesmidae) from the Brazilian Coast

Table I. Measurements of type specimens of Ptereleotris randalli n. sp. as percentages of standard length.

Holotype Paratypes Catalogue No. MNRJ LBRP UFPB UFPB UFPB UFPB UFPB UF MBML MBML 20145 5445 3750 3750 3978 4488 4489 113884 402 403 Male Juvenile Juvenile Juvenile Juvenile Female Male Female Juvenile Female Standard length (in mm) 87.1 39.9 35.2 40.1 37.0 43.4 47.7 50.0 42.9 48.8 Body Depth 14.5 15.6 17.3 17.9 18.1 15.0 15.5 16.0 14.9 16.2 Body width 9.8 8.9 9.3 9.0 11.1 10.8 9.2 11.0 9.5 11.3 Head length 20.0 24.1 25.0 25.0 23.0 22.3 22.0 22.0 23.3 22.3 Snout length 5.6 6.7 6.2 7.5 4.9 5.1 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.5 Orbit diameter 5.0 6.0 5.4 6.2 6.7 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.8 5.1 Interorbital width 6.5 7.3 3.7 6.1 6.5 7.6 7.7 6.6 7.2 8.4 Caudal peduncle depth 9.5 9.7 10.5 9.7 10.3 9.9 10.3 9.8 10.5 10.8 Caudal peduncle length 9.9 7.9 10.7 9.2 9.7 9.4 9.0 8.6 8.4 8.8 Length of longest dorsal spine 13.9 16.5 13.4 14.9 14.1 15.5 14.0 15.4 17.7 15.4 Length of longest dorsal ray 8.8 11.7 10.8 10.9 10.8 10.6 9.4 12.4 11.4 10.7 Length of penultimate dorsal ray 8.5 4.3 9.9 9.9 8.6 10.4 9.4 11.4 8.6 10.4 Length of anal spine 7.3 6.9 7.1 7.2 7.0 6.7 5.8 7.0 6.7 6.5 Length of longest anal ray 9.5 11.1 11.6 10.5 11.0 10.4 10.3 10.2 11.2 10.4 Length of penultimate anal ray 8.1 8.9 11.4 7.9 9.7 10.4 9.4 9.6 11.0 10.2 Caudal fin length 29.4 35.0 26.4 29.2 34.8 33.6 29.1 28 25.4 34.2 Caudal asymmetry 9.5 11.0 7.6 8.9 4.6 9.4 7.9 8.2 4.5 9.2 Pectoral fin length 12.6 15.5 13.4 14.2 14.6 13.1 14.5 14.0 17.0 15.7 Pelvic fin length 13.7 16.2 17.0 16.0 17.2 14.1 13.4 16.0 17.9 16.1 lengths 1.6 (1.4 – 1.8) in head; pelvic fins moderately some individuals; colour of anal fin similar to that of short, their lengths 1.5 (1.3 – 1.9) in head, about dorsal, but without blue spots; pelvic fins translucent same as pectoral fins; tips of pelvic fins slightly to pale blue; pectorals translucent. Large adults with extending slightly past vertical at base of last spine of orange submarginal band on lower portion of caudal first dorsal fin. Caudal fin asymmetric and upper half fin (Figs. 2, 3). Juveniles with bright yellow or brown pointed, its length 3.4 (2.8 – 3.5) in SL. area on central portion of caudal fin, bright yellow dor - Coloration in life: Body lavender grey to pale blue, sal and anal fins, and distinctive blue spots on post- with blue band running from behind centre of eye to erior portion of dorsal fin. posterior margin of opercle. Iridescent blue line extending over dorsal fleshy ridge on top of head, Distribution and Behaviour from interorbital space to origin of first dorsal fin. Dor - The known distribution of Ptereleotris randalli sal fins with bright blue marginal bands, orange to yel - extends from Parcel de Manuel Luiz Marine State low submarginal bands and blue spots posteriorly in Park in northeastern Brazil (0°56’S, 44°16’W) (Rocha,

Fig. 4. Ptereleotris helenae, Puerto Rico. Photo by J. E. Randall. aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 112 João Luiz Gasparini, Luiz A. Rocha, and Sergio R. Floeter

1999) to the Alcatrazes Archipelago in southeastern Brazil (24°06’S, 45°42’W) (Moura et al ., 1999) (Fig. 6); it occurs at depths between 8 and 60 m. Like other dartfishes, it hovers over its burrow feeding on plank - ton, and dives headfirst into the burrow when threat - ened. It is found mostly over sandy bottom close to reefs, but is also common over sand patches as small as 10 cm in diameter, enclosed by rocky areas, or in calcareous algae ( Lithothamnion sp.) banks.

Affinities The species most closely resembling P. randalli is P. helenae (Randall)(Fig. 4). The two species have very similar colour patterns, and several counts and measurements appear to be identical. However , P. randalli has the fifth and sixth rays of the caudal fin prolonged as filaments, whereas P. helenae has a rounded caudal fin (Fig. 5). In contrast to P. helenae, in which the penultimate rays of both the anal and dor - sal fins are longest, in P. randalli the fourth or fifth rays are longest. Ptereleotris randalli also has shorter pelvic fins and a bright orange-yellow submarginal band in the dorsal and anal fins, instead of a red band as in P. helenae . P. randalli is restricted to Brazilian Fig. 5. Schematic view of the caudal fins of Ptereleotris coastal waters (see Floeter & Gasparini, 2001), randalli n. sp. ( a), P. helenae (b), and P. calliurus (c). whereas P. helenae has been recorded only from

Fig. 6. Known distribution of Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., P. helenae, and P. calliurus in the western Atlantic.

113 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., a new dartfish (Gobioidei: Microdesmidae) from the Brazilian Coast islands in the western North Atlantic region (Fig. 6). comunidade de peixes do Parque Estadual Marinho The third western Atlantic species of dartfish, P. cal - do Parcel de Manuel Luiz, Maranhão, Brasil . MSc. liurus (Bean), has a relatively long caudal fin (Fig. 5) Thesis. Universidade Federal da Paraíba. 147 Pp. and distinctive black margins on dorsal fins, a feature which is absent in P. randalli and P. helenae.

Remarks The Brazilian dartfish has been collected for the aquarium trade. It is generally sold under the name “Opistognathus leitoso”. The population of P. randalli could be declining fast in some areas of the Brazilian coast due to the increased commercial exploration of the calcareous algae banks, mainly off the States of Espírito Santo and Bahia.

Etymology This species is named randalli after the prominent ichthyologist John E. Randall, in recognition of his numerous contributions to the taxonomy of reef fishes in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

Acknowledgements We thank G. R. Allen and J. E. Randall for giving us permission to use their excellent underwater photo- graphs. C. Gilbert, W. Smith-Vaniz, and G. R. Allen critically read the manuscript. D. A. Jório, C. R. Rocha, B. M. Feitoza, K. I. Gasparini, I. L. Rosa and T. L. Dias provided field and laboratory assistance. We also thank R. Z. P. Guimarães, C. A. Rangel, and G. W. Nunan for collecting specimens and for the loan of MNRJ and LBPR types. R. Robins was responsible for the registration of the type material deposited at the Florida Museum of Natural history and for the loan of the comparative material. Logistical help and collect - ing permits were provided by the Maranhão State Environmental Bureau in Parcel Manuel Luiz Marine State Park. Funding for L. A. Rocha was provided by CAPES, Brazilian Ministry of Education.

References Carvalho-Filho, A., 1999 . Peixes: costa brasileira . Editora Melro. São Paulo, Brazil. 320 Pp. Floeter, S. R. & J. L. Gasparini, 2001. Brazilian endemic fishes. Coral Reefs 19 : 292. Moura, R. L., Gasparini, J. L., & I. Sazima, 1999. New records and range extensions of reef fishes in the western South Atlantic, with comments on reef fish distribution along the Brazilian coast. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16 (2): 513-530. Randall, J. E., 1967. Ioglossus helenae , a new gobiid fish from the West Indies. Ichthyologica / The Aquar - ium Journal 39 (2-3): 107-116. Randall, J. E., 1996. Caribbean Reef Fishes. TFH Publications. Neptune City, NJ, USA. 368 Pp. Randall, J. E. & D. F. Hoese, 1985. Revision of the Indo-Pacific dartfishes, genus Ptereleotris (Perci - formes: Gobioidei). Indo-Pacific Fishes 7: 1-36. Rocha, L. A., 1999. Composição e estrutura da aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 114 aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology Three Examples of Hybrid Surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae)

John E. Randall 1, Richard L. Pyle 1, and Robert F. Myers 2

1) Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-2704, USA 2) P.O. Box 21153, Guam Main Facility, GU 96921, USA Accepted: 17.04.2001

Keywords of these fishes, which permit hybrids to be more easily Hybrids, surgeonfishes, Acanthurus, Zebrasoma recognized. It is also due to the popularity of these fishes among snorkelers and scuba divers and to their Abstract importance in the aquarium fish trade. Undoubtedly Three hybrids of surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) are many hybrids of fishes are being overlooked because documented: Acanthurus nigricauda x A. olivaceus from of similarity in colour pattern of the parent species. the Marshall Islands, A. olivaceus x A. tennentii from Randall (1956a) documented the first example of an Bali, Indonesia, and Zebrasoma rostratum x Z. scopas acanthurid hybrid when he reported that Acanthurus from Kiritimati (formerly Christmas Island), Line Islands. rackliffei Schultz is a cross of A. achilles Shaw and A.glaucoparieus ( = A. nigricans (Linnaeus)). Randall Zusammenfassung (1993) showed that the Indian Ocean Acanthurus tristis Drei Hybriden von Doktorfischen (Acanthuridae) wer - is a valid species distinct from the closely related A. den Dokumentiert: Acanthurus nigricauda x A. olivaceus pyroferus Kittlitz of the Pacific and provided a rede - bei den Marshall-Inseln, A. olivaceus x A. tennentii bei scription of the former. He observed a hybrid of these Bali, Indonesien, und Zebrasoma rostratum x Z. scopas two species off Bali where they are sympatric. Randall bei Kiritimati (Weihnachtsinseln), Line Islands. and Frische (2000) illustrated two additional hybrids of the A. achilles complex: A. japonicus x A. nigricans and Résumé A. leucosternon x A. nigricans. A fifth example for the Trois hybrides de Poissons-chirurgiens (Acanthur- family is Zebrasoma flavescens x Z. scopas (Randall, idae) sont décrits: Acanthurus nigricauda x A. oliva - Bell, and Clements, in Ms), for which DNA analysis is in ceus, des Iles Marshall, A. olivaceus x A. tennentii , de progress. In all of these examples, one parent species Bali, Indonésie, et Zebrasoma rostratum x Z. scopas de is rare in the area where the hybrids were discovered, l’Atoll Kiritimati (Christmas), Sporades Equatoriales. and the other is common. This is not to imply that such a discrepancy in numbers of the two parent species Sommario is essential to hybridization, but it seems likely that Vengono documentati tre ibridi di pesci chirurgo most natural marine hybrids occur under such a (Acanthuridae): Acanthurus nigricauda x A. olivaceus circumstance. delle isole Marshall, A. olivaceus x A. tennentii We here report on three additional natural hybrids of proveniente da Bali, Indonesia, e Zebrasoma rostratum surgeonfishes. Two of these are represented by speci - x Z. scopas di Kiritimati (Isola di Natale), Line Islands. mens at the Bernice P. Bishop Museum in Honolulu (BPBM), as well as by colour photographs, but the third Introduction is known only from an underwater photograph. We Schwartz (1972) compiled a list of 1,810 references present colour figures of all three hybrids, along with dealing with hybrids of fishes, including both those that illustrations of their parent species. occur naturally and those that have been experiment- ally produced for aquaculture and the aquarium trade. Acanthurus nigricauda x A. olivaceus He noted that the great majority are crosses involving freshwater species. In July of 1981, while the first author was snorkeling Among the marine fishes, the butterflyfishes (Chaeto - on the seaward reef flat at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall dontidae) have the largest number of natural hybrids. Islands, he recognized a hybrid of Acanthurus nigri - Pyle and Randall (1994) wrote that 15 have been re- cauda Duncker & Mohr and A. olivaceus Forster. The corded for the family, and that they knew of at least 12 site is called “the quarry”, an area on the reef flat that others. They also presented evidence for 11 hybrids of was dredged for limestone for road building and hence angelfishes (Pomacanthidae). Four other hybrid angel - resembles a swimming pool. He took two distant fishes have subsequently been reported (R. L. Pyle, in underwater photographs, then returned with a Ms). This preponderance of hybrids in these two fam- Hawaiian sling spear. Knowing that a side shot with the ilies is the result mainly of the distinctive colour patterns spear would result in a wound on both sides of the fish,

115 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Three Examples of Hybrid Surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae)

Fig. 1. Acanthurus nigricauda, BPBM 6336, 220 mm SL, Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. Photo by J. E. Randall. he waited until the fish was swimming away to shoot the black with a trace of blue at the edge and a small orange spear. By sheer luck, the spear went in the gill opening streak in the centre. A. nigricauda has a lanceolate black and out the mouth, so the fish was not damaged on line extending well anterior to the caudal spine, whereas either side. A colour photograph of the specimen olivaceus has none. The hybrid has a black line shorter (BPBM 27820, 198 mm SL) was taken (Fig. 2). than the length of the caudal spine anterior to the socket The hybrid is clearly intermediate in colour t o A. nigri - of the spine. A. nigricauda has a white bar at the base of cauda (Fig. 1) and A. olivaceus (Figs. 3, 4). The humeral the caudal fin that is lacking in olivaceus; the hybrid has band of nigricauda is solid black, whereas that of oliva - a diffuse whitish bar. A. nigricauda has a submarginal ceus is orange with a broad, deep blue or purple to yellow band in the pectoral fins, olivaceus none; the nearly black, border. The band in the hybrid is purplish hybrid has a trace of the yellow band.

Fig. 2. Acanthurus nigricauda x A. olivaceus, BPBM 27820, 201 mm SL, Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. Photo by J. E. Randall. aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 116 John E. Randall, Richard L. Pyle, and Robert F. Myers

Fig. 3. Acanthurus olivaceus, BPBM 6255, 132 mm SL, Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. Photo by J. E. Randall. Additional supporting data for the hybrid were ob- surgeonfishes. The two parent species are both com - tained from the counts of soft rays of the dorsal and mon at the atoll. anal fins and of the gill rakers. A. nigricauda has 25-28 dorsal soft rays and 23-26 anal soft rays, whereas oliv- Acanthurus olivaceus x A. tennentii aceus has 23-25 dorsal soft rays and 22-24 anal soft rays; the hybrid has 25 dorsal soft rays and 23 anal soft Our only record of this hybrid is the photograph (Fig. rays. A. nigricauda has 20-21 gill rakers, whereas oliv- 5) taken by the third author at northeast Bali, inshore aceus has 24-28; the hybrid has 23. from the wreck of the U.S.S. Liberty. Acanthurus oliv- The first author has spent many hours of diving at aceus Forster (Figs. 3, 4) is a widespread species in the Enewetak. This was the only hybrid seen of these two western Pacific from southern Japan to New South

Fig. 4. Acanthurus olivaceus, Rangiroa Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago. Photo by J. E. Randall.

117 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Three Examples of Hybrid Surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae)

Fig. 5. Acanthurus olivaceus x A. tennentii, Bali, Indonesia. Photo by R. F. Myers Wales and extending eastward in Oceania to the Randall (1956b) wrote that these two species are Hawaiian Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago. It very closely related; he was able to separate them only occurs in the Indian Ocean only at the islands of by colour. Some colour features are shared by the two, southern Indonesia, Kiritimati (formerly Christmas for example: the broad white posterior border centrally Island), and the Cocos-Keeling Islands. A. tennentii in the caudal fin preceded by a narrow black band; Günther (Fig. 6) ranges from the coast of East Africa similar coloration of the dorsal and anal fins; the dark through the islands of the western Indian Ocean, indu - pectoral fins with a broad hyaline outer zone; a trans- ding the Seychelles, Maldives, and Mascarenes, to Sri verse dark blue band on the chin which continues in Lanka, Sumatra, and east at least to Bali in the Lesser orangish hue behind the upper lip; and two small Sunda Islands of Indonesia. orange lines in front of the eye (one containing the

Fig. 6. Acanthurus tennentii, North Malé Atoll, Maldive Islands. Photo by J. E. Randall. aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 118 John E. Randall, Richard L. Pyle, and Robert F. Myers

Fig. 7. Zebrasoma rostratum, Kiritimati (Christmas Island), Line Islands. Photo by J. E. Randall. nostrils, and the other in an oblique groove). Randall hybrid has only a very small one, and behind it a broad added that he knew of no locality where the two blackish band with a faint orangish centre that provided species occur together. However, we now know that the clue that olivaceus is the other parent species. Also, they coexist in Bali, where A. olivaceus is clearly the the black area around the caudal spine is smaller in the most common. hybrid, and its blue margin is narrow and dark. The hybrid was immediately recognized by the strange humeral markings. Where tennentii has a large Zebrasoma rostratum x Zebrasoma scopas horseshoe- to V-shaped black mark just behind the upper end of the gill opening (fragmented into two black This hybrid was discovered by the second author at segments, one above the other, in large adults), the Kiritimati (Christmas Island) in the Line Islands. It was

Fig. 8. Zebrasoma rostratum x Z. scopas, BPBM 33896, 112 mm SL, Kiritimati, Line Islands. Photo by J. E. Randall.

119 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Three Examples of Hybrid Surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae)

Fig. 9. Zebrasoma scopas, Mauritius, Mascarene Islands. Photo by J. E. Randall. collected alive, and an aquarium photograph was References taken (Fig. 8). The parent species are shown as Figs. 7 Pyle, R. L. & J. E. Randall. 1994. A review of hybrid- and 9. ization in marine angelfishes (Perciformes: Pom- Zebrasoma rostratum Günther is endemic to the acanthidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 41 : islands of central and south-eastern Oceania from 127-145. Rose Atoll, American Samoa to the Pitcairn Islands, Randall, J. E. 1955. A revision of the surgeon fish north to the Marquesas and Line Islands. Z. scopas genera Zebrasoma and Paracanthurus. Pacific (Cuvier) is widespread in the Indo-Pacific region from Science 9 (4) : 396-412. East Africa to the Line Islands and French Polynesia Randall, J. E. 1956a. Acanthurus rackliffei, a possible except the Marquesas. It is replaced in the Hawaiian hybrid surgeon fish ( A. achilles x A. glaucopareius) Islands by Z. flavescens (Bennett). from the Phoenix Islands. Copeia 1956 (1) : 21-25. Z. rostratum and Z. scopas have no meristic differenc- Randall, J. E. 1956b. A revision of the surgeon fish es (Randall, 1955) and no obvious differences in pro - genus Acanthurus. Pacific Science 10 (2) : 159-235. portional measurements except for the longer snout in Randall, J. E. 1993. Acanthurus tristis, a valid Indian rostratum. However, they differ in coloration. Z. rostrat- Ocean surgeonfish (Perciformes: Acanthuridae). Spe - um is black overall except for a faint blue streak at the cial Publication of J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyo - base of the dorsal fin and the white sheath of the cau - logy 54 : 1-8. dal spine. Z. scopas is typically yellowish brown ante - Randall, J. E. & J. Frische. 2000. Hybrid surgeonfishes riorly, shading to dark brown posteriorly, with pale blue of the Acanthurus achilles complex. aqua, Journal of dots on the head and anterior body that merge to form Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 4 (3) : 51-56. fine irregular pale blue lines on the rest of the body; it Schwartz, F. J . 1972. World literature to fish hybrids, too has a white sheath to the caudal spine. Z. scopas with an analysis by family, species, and hybrid. Pub- does not attain as large a size as Z. rostratum. lications of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory The hybrid (BPBM 33896, 112 mm SL) was detected Museum 3: 1-328. by its dark colour, suggestive of rostratum, but nevertheless retained the pale blue dots and lines of scopas. The snout lengths of six Bishop Museum spe - cimens of rostratum, 134-206 mm SL, range from 3.65- 3.9 in SL, compared to 3.95-4.25 in SL for six speci - mens of scopas , 117-179 mm SL. The snout length of the hybrid is contained 3.9 times in SL. aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 120 aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology Lentipes multiradiatus, a New Species of Freshwater Goby (Gobiidae) from Irian Jaya, Indonesia

Gerald R. Allen Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Francis Street, Perth, WA 6000 Accepted: 29.03.2001 Keywords watsoni du sud de la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, où Freshwater, gobiid, sicydiine, Irian Jaya Province, les mâles ont une petite tache au début de la seconde Indonesia nageoire dorsale.

Abstract Sommario A new species of freshwater gobiid, Lentipes multirad- Una nuova specie di gobide d’acqua dolce, Lentipes iatus, is described on the basis of a single male speci - multiradiatus, viene descritta sulla base di un solo men, 27.4 mm SL, collected from the Cyclops coast, esemplare maschio, 27.4 mm SL, raccolto sulla costa near Jayapura, Irian Jaya Province, Indonesia. The dei Ciclopi, vicino a Jayapura, nella provincia di Irian species is characterised by a combination of features Jaya in Indonesia. La specie si caratterizza per la com - that include: dorsal rays VI-I,10; anal rays I,10; pectoral binazione di caratteristiche particolari: raggi dorsali VI- rays 20; first dorsal fin connected basally to second dor - I,10; raggi anali I,10; raggi pettorali 20; prima pinna dor - sal fin; four oculoscapular sensory pores; and the sale connessa alla base alla seconda pinna dorsale; absence of both bilobed urogenital structures and a sac quattro pori sensoriali oculoscapolari, assenza di of replacement teeth on the upper jaw. It is the only entrambe le strutture urogenitali bilobate e una sacca di species of Lentipes, except for L. watsoni from southern ricambio della dentatura nella mascella superiore. È l’u - Papua New Guinea, in which males possess a small nica specie di Lentipes, tranne il L. watsoni della zona black spot at the beginning of the second dorsal fin. meridionale di Papua Nuova Guinea, nella quale i maschi possiedono una piccola macchia nera all’inizio Zusammenfassung della seconda pinna dorsale. Eine neue Süßwassergrundel Spezies, Lentipes multi - radiatus, wird an Hand von einem einzigen männlichen Introduction Exemplar beschrieben, 27.4 mm SL, gefunden an der The present paper describes a new species of gobiid Cyclops Küste nahe Jayapura, Provinz Irian Jaya, fish belonging to the genus Lentipes Günther, collected Indonesien. Die Art weist folgende charakteristische during a Conservation International faunal survey and Merkmale auf: Rückenstrahlen VI-I, 10; Afterstrahlen I, training course near the village of Yongsu on the 10; Bruststrahlen 20; Erste Rückenflosse an der Basis Cyclops coast of Irian Jaya Province, northern New mit zweiter Rückenflosse verbunden; vier oculoscapu - Guinea. The collection site is located approximately 30 lare Sinnesporen; keine der beiden zweilappigen uro - km west of Jayapura, where the spectacular Cyclops genitalen Strukturen vorhanden; viele Ersatzzähne im Mountains plunge steeply to the edge of the sea. The oberen Kiefer. Es handelt sich hier um die einzige area is punctuated by numerous swift-flowing, steep- Spezies der Lentipes - außer L. watsoni vom Süden gradient, rocky streams that rise in the nearby mount- Papua Neuguineas -, bei dem das Männchen einen ains. The fish fauna in these streams is typically domin- kleinen, schwarzen Punkt am Ansatz der zweiten Rück - ated by sicydiine gobies, which frequently comprise enflosse hat. 50% or more of the fishes at a particular site. These small bottom-dwellers possess a well-developed pelvic Résumé “sucker” used for attachment to rocky substrates in fast- Une nouvelle espèce de gobie dulçaquicole, Lentipes flowing streams. Most species occur in creeks and rivers multiradiatus , est décrite d’après un unique mâle de flowing through hilly terrain within 20-30 km of the sea. 27,4 mm LS récolté sur la Cyclops Coast près de Jaya - Lentipes contains eight freshwater species, which, with pura, Irian Jaya, Indonésie. Elle est caractérisée par une the exception of a single west African species, are combinaison de caractères incluant: VI-I, 10 rayons dor - known from scattered localities in the tropical central saux; I, 10 rayons anaux; 20 rayons pectoraux; la pre - and western Pacific including the Marquesas, Hawaiian mière nageoire dorsale reliée à la base à la seconde; Islands, southern Japan, the Indonesian island of Bali, quatre pores sensoriels oculoscapulaires; et l’absence and New Guinea. de structures urogénitales bilobées et d’une poche de dents de remplacement à la mâchoire supérieure. C’est Materials and Methods aussi la seule espèce de Lentipes, à l’exceptions de L. The methods of counting and measuring are as fol -

121 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Lentipes multiradiatus, a New Species of Freshwater Goby (Gobiidae) from Irian Jaya, Indonesia lows: dorsal and anal rays - the last ray of the anal and pelvic rays I, 5; dentition probably sexually dimorphic, second dorsal fins is divided at the base and counted as male teeth in upper jaw tricuspid (some authors refer to a single ray; standard length (SL) - measured from the this condition as tridentic) anteriorly, conical laterally; tip of the upper lip to the caudal fin base; head length - genital region without bilobed structures; male with measured from the tip of the upper lip to the upper rear ctenoid scales on most of body, except cycloid on caud- edge of the gill opening; jaw length - measured between al peduncle; head and nape scaleless; colour mainly the middle of the upper jaw and its posterior margin; uniform (grey brown, both in life and in preservative), interorbital width - measured between the fleshy margin except several bars or large spots across dorsal surface of the orbits; predorsal distance - measured between of nape; a small, blue-rimmed (in life) black spot at front the tip of the upper lip and the base of the origin of the of second dorsal fin. first dorsal fin; pre-anal distance - measured between the tip of the upper lip and the anal fin origin; prepelvic Description distance - measured between the tip of the upper lip and The following measurements are expressed in milli- the origin of the pelvic fin; caudal peduncle depth is the metres (percentage of standard length indicated in least depth, and caudal peduncle length is measured parentheses): body depth at pelvic fin origin 4.0 (14.6); between two vertical lines, one passing through the body depth at anal fin origin 4.1 (15.0); maximum body base of the last anal ray and the other through the cau - width 4.5 (16.4); head length 7.3 (26.6); snout length 2.4 dal fin base. (8.8); eye diameter 1.5 (5.5); fleshy interorbital width 1.8 The alphabetical abbreviations used for cephalic sens- (6.6); jaw length 3.8 (13.9); depth of caudal peduncle 2.5 ory pores follow Akihito (1986). The pattern of cephalic (9.1); length of caudal peduncle 4.4 (16.1); predorsal sensory pores is identical to that illustrated by Allen distance 10.1 (36.9); pre-anal distance 16.1 (58.8); pre - (1997, Fig. 4) for Lentipes watsoni. pelvic distance 5.5 (20.1); second dorsal fin base 6.4 The holotype of the new species is deposited at the (23.4); anal fin base 6.0 (21.9); pectoral fin length 6.8 Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia (24.8); pelvic fin length 5.7 (20.8); caudal fin length 6.6 (MZB). Comparative specimens of Lentipes dimetrodon (24.1). and L. watsoni were examined at Western Australian Dorsal rays VI-I,10; first dorsal fin about same height Museum, Perth (WAM). as second dorsal; dorsal fins close to each other, mem - brane of last spine of first dorsal fin connected to base of second dorsal fin origin; none of dorsal spines notice - Lentipes multiradiatus, n. sp. ably elongate or filamentous; anal rays I,10; anal fin (Fig. 1) directly opposite second dorsal fin; pelvic fins I,5; pelvic fins joined between fifth rays for their entire length, form - Holotype: MZB 10902, male, 27.4 mm SL, Danyamo ing a thick circular disc adherent to belly; pectoral rays Stream (Kali Danyamo), about 2 km south of Yongsu vil - 20, posterior margin of fin more or less pointed, lower 2 lage, Cyclops Nature Reserve, Irian Jaya Province, to 3 rays unbranched; when depressed, pectoral fin Indonesia (2°27.411 S, 140°29.485 E), hand net, extending to below about middle of first dorsal fin; G. R. Allen, 25 August 2000. branched caudal fin rays 13; caudal fin with rounded margin, its length and height about equal when spread Diagnosis out; gill rakers rudimentary, 1 or 2 small rakers on upper Dorsal rays VI-I,10; anal rays I,10; pectoral rays 20; and lower limb of first branchial arch.

Fig. 1. Aquarium photograph of male holotype of Lentipes multiradiatus, 27.4 mm SL, Danyamo Stream, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 122 Gerald R. Allen

Head and anterior body broadly naked, the scaleless brown, lighter on caudal peduncle and belly region; pair region including entire head, nape, pectoral fin base of short dark grey bars across predorsal region, just in including area immediately behind pectorals, upper front of dorsal fin origin, and pair of faint broken bars back below first dorsal fin, and breast; remainder of anteriorly; a dark grey, nearly black, margin around anus body covered with strongly ctenoid scales except and adjacent urogenital papilla; first dorsal fin dark grey, cycloid scales present on lower side, just above anal fin nearly blackish; second dorsal and anal fins dark grey base, and several cycloid scales on posteriormost port- with pale outer margin; caudal fin slightly dusky grey; ion of caudal peduncle and adjacent base of caudal fin; pectoral fins tannish; pelvic fins whitish. embedded ctenoid scales on anterior half of body strongly ossified, each with 3-5 prominent spinules; Comparisons scales on posterior part of body with much smaller The genus Lentipes contains seven previously ctenii, usually about 10-18 on margin of each scale; cir - described species: L. concolor (Gill, 1860) from the cumpeduncular scales 14. Hawaiian Islands, L. armatus Sakai and Nakamura Cephalic sensory pore system A, B, C, D, F, H, K, L, M, (1979) from Ishigaki Island, Japan, L. bandama (Risch, and O; pore D singular, all others paired; oculo-scapular 1980) from western Africa, L. rubrofasciatus (Maugé et canal separated into anterior and posterior canals al., 1992) from the Marquesas Islands, L. whittenorum between pores H and K; cutaneous sensory papillae cir - Watson and Kottelat, 1994 from Bali, Indonesia, L. wat - cular in appearance, each in a shallow depression. soni Allen (1997) from Papua New Guinea, and L. Upper lip smooth except for a medial cleft; anterior por - dimetrodon Watson and Allen (1999) from Irian Jaya tion of upper jaw with numerous tricuspid teeth, and 3-5 Province, Indonesia. slender conical teeth posteriorly, including 1-2 enlarged On the basis of male colour pattern L. multiradiatus is canine-like teeth on each side; front of lower jaw with most similar to L. watsoni (Fig. 2). Both species have horizontal dentary tooth plate and inner row of about 12 cross-bars on the nape as well as a small dark spot at slender conical teeth. the beginning of the second dorsal fin. However, L. wat - Colour of male holotype in life: generally grey- soni differs in having a bar across the interorbital and brown with hint of mauve on sides of belly; caudal another in front of the eyes, whereas all the bars in L. peduncle with slight reddish hue; frosty white suffusion multiradiatus are well behind the eyes. Moreover, the from behind eye to upper pectoral base; four dark grey dorsal fins are separated by a relatively wide gap in L. bars across predorsal region, the anterior pair inter - watsoni, which further differs in having only 16-17 pect- rupted; irregular pale yellow patches at base of anteri - oral fin rays compared to 20 in the holotype of L. multi - ormost parts of both dorsal fins; first dorsal fin mainly radiatus. The new species differs from L. dimetrodon in grey-brown, lighter on outer edge, with pinkish orange having an interorbital sensory pore (pore D), 20 instead area at base of middle rays; second dorsal grey-brown of 15 or 16 pectoral rays, and a black spot on the sec - with broad outer margin of white, and small, but promi - ond (rather than the first) dorsal fin of males. It further nent, blue-edged black spot in middle of membrane differs from L. rubrofasciatus and L. whittenorum in lack - between first two fin rays; caudal fin translucent; anal ing the peculiar bilobed structures (more strongly devel - fin grey-brown with broad outer margin of white; pec - oped in males) associated with the urogenital papilla toral fins light grey, pale yellow at base; pelvic fins and vertical skin folds on the side of the body of males whitish . of those species. These bilobed urogenital structures Colour in alcohol: head and body generally grey- are also present in L. concolor, but are poorly developed

Fig. 2. Aquarium photograph of male holotype of Lentipes watsoni (WAM P.31221-001, 47.4 mm SL).

123 aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 Lentipes multiradiatus, a New Species of Freshwater Goby (Gobiidae) from Irian Jaya, Indonesia

(Watson and Kottelat, 1994). Furthermore, L. concolor The new species is named multiradiatus (Latin: having differs in having sparse labial dentition and has only many rays) with reference to the pectoral fin ray count, cycloid scales on the posterior portion of the body. Both which is higher than for other members of the genus. L. armatus and L. bandama differ from the new species in possessing a sac of replacement teeth on the upper Acknowledgements jaw. Finally, L. bandama has only 3 postorbital oculo- Funds for the Yongsu fish survey were provided by scapular pores in comparison to 4 in L. multiradiatus Conservation International (CI) under the auspices of and other members of the genus. Further information Leeanne Alonso. I am especially grateful to Suer concerning the relationships among species of Lentipes Suryadi, manager of CI’s Irian Jaya program, and Jatna was provided by Harrison (1993) and Watson and Kot - Supriatna, Director of CI Indonesia, for their major con - telat (1994). tributions in organizing the Yongsu biological survey and training course. Fish collections were assisted by Roni Distribution and habitat Bawoli, Paulus Boli, and Hennie Ohee. The new species is known only on the basis of the male holotype collected along the mountainous Cyclops References coast about 30 km west of Jayapura, the capital of Irian Akihito [Prince]. 1986. Some morphological characters Jaya Province, Indonesia. The fish was sighted while considered to be important in gobiid phylogeny. In: snorkelling in clear water and subsequently captured Indo-Pacific fish biology: Proceedings of the Second with a hand-held dip-net. An additional hour of International Conference on Indo-Pacific Fishes. snorkelling at the same site failed to yield additional Ichthyological Society of Japan, Tokyo : 629-639 specimens, nor did an intensive search over a period of Allen, G. R. 1997. Lentipes watsoni, a new species of several hours in similar nearby streams. The type local - freshwater goby (Gobiidae) from Papua New Guinea. ity (Fig. 3) is situated approximately 3 km upstream from Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 8 (1) : 33- the sea at an elevation of about 50 m. The stream was 40. moderately fast-flowing over a gradient of approximately Gill, T. 1860. Conspectus piscium in expeditione ad 20 degrees through rainforest, although it was exposed oceanum Pacificum septentrionalem, C. Ringoldio et J. to full sunlight for much of the day. The stream was 10- Rogersio ducibus, a Guilemo Stimpsono collectorum. 15 m wide with alternating rapids and rocky pools up to Sicydianae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural 0.5 m deep. A water temperature of 24.9°C was Science, Philadephia, 12 : 100-102 recorded. Harrison, I. J. 1993. The west African sicydiine fishes, The fish was perched on top of a small boulder in fast- with notes on the genus Lentipes (Teleostei: Gobi - flowing water. Co-inhabitants included other gobies idae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 3: (Sicyopterus longifilis, S. lagocephalus, Stiphodon 201-232. semion, S. rutilaureus, Schismatogobius marmoratus, Maugé, A., Marquet, G., & P. Laboute. 1992. Les Sicy - and Awaous sp.), an eel (Anguilla marmorata), two gud - diinae (Gobiidae) des eaux douces de la Polynésie geons (Belobranchus belobranchus and Eleotris fusca), Francaise. Description de trois espéces nouvelles. and a pipefish (Microphis leiaspis). Cybium, 16 : 213-231. Etymology Risch, L. 1980. Description of Parasicydium bandama, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new gobiid fish from the Bandama River, Ivory Coast. Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 94 : 126-132. Sakai, H. & M. Nakamura. 1979. Two new species of freshwater gobies (Gobiidae: Sicydiaphiinae) from Ishigaki Island, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyo- logy, 26 : 43-54. Watson, R. E. & G. R. Allen. 1999. New species of freshwater gobies from Irian Jaya, Indonesia (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Sicydiinae). aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology, 3 (3) : 113-118. Watson, R. E. & M. Kottelat. 1994. Lentipes whitten- orum and Sicyopus auxilimentus, two new species of freshwater gobies from the western Pacific (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Sicydiinae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 5: 351-364. Addendum: Three additional specimens of L. multiradiatus were recently captured by S. Price at Yapen Island, Irian Jaya. Spec- Fig. 3. The type locality of Lentipes multiradiatus: imens are deposited at the Western Australian Museum, Perth. Danyamo Stream, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. aqua vol. 4 no. 3 - 2001 124 Instructions to Authors Day, J. 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Australian Journal of Marine and Fresh - 11. Reprints: 50 reprints of each paper will be provided free of water Research 31 :137-46. charge. Additional reprints may be ordered from Aquapress. aqua Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology Vol. 4 (3), April 2001 Contents:

John E. Randall and Richard L. Pyle : Three New Species of Labrid Fishes of the Genus Cirrhilabrus from Islands of the Tropical Pacific Pages 89-98

Eugenio Alberto Aragón-Noriega and Luis Eduardo Calderon-Aguilera: Age and growth of shrimp (Decapoda: Penaeidae) postlarvae in the Upper Gulf of California Pages 99-104

Luiz A. Rocha, Ricardo Z. P. Guimarães, and João L. Gasparini: Redescription of the Brazilian Wrasse Thalassoma noronhanum (Boulenger, 1890) (Teleostei: Labridae) Pages 105-108

João Luiz Gasparini, Luiz A. Rocha, and Sergio R. Floeter : Ptereleotris randalli n. sp., a new dartfish (Gobioidei: Microdesmidae) from the Brazilian Coast Pages 109-114 John E. Randall, Richard L. Pyle, and Robert F. Myers: Three Examples of Hybrid Surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) Pages 115-120

Gerald R. Allen: Lentipes multiradiatus, a New Species of Freshwater Goby (Gobiidae) from Irian Jaya, Indonesia Pages 121-124

Papers appearing in this journal are indexed in: Zoological Record; Biolis - Biologische Literatur Information Senckenberg; www.aquageo.com; www.Joachim-Frische.com

Cover photo: Aquarium photograph of holotype of Cirrhilabrus earlei, BPBM 37731, male, 54.5 mm, Ngemelis Island, Palau. Photo by J. E. Randall.

The type locality of Lentipes multiradiatus: Danyamo Stream, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Photo by G. R. Allen.