DOCSLIB.ORG

Ancient-Lands-Maps.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Descendants of Noah Black Sea Mt. Ararat Japheth Caspian Sea Tigris River Mediterranean Sea Shem Tigris River Garden of Eden Garden of Eden Euphrates River Ham Persian Gulf River Map Key Red Sea Nile - mountain The Fertile Black Sea Crescent Caspian Sea The Fertile Mediterranean Sea Tigris River Crescent Tigris River Euphrates River Sumer Sumer Eridu Ur Ur Eridu Persian Gulf Persian Gulf Red Sea Nile Nile River The Descendants of Noah Label these areas: Color & label this: Caspian Sea Garden of Eden Persian Gulf Europe Black Sea Draw arrows & Asia Mediterranean Sea color these: Africa Red Sea Japheth Euphrates River Shem Mt. Ararat Ham Tigris River Nile River 1 The Fertile Crescent Label these areas: Label these areas: Caspian Sea Tigris River Persian Gulf Nile River Black Sea Sumer Mediterranean Sea Eridu Europe Asia Red Sea Ur Euphrates River Africa Shade this area: Draw a triangle for: The Fertile Crescent Mt. Ararat Mesopotamia Black Sea Caspian Sea The Fertile Tigris River Mediterranean Sea Crescent Akkad Euphrates River Egypt Ancient Trade Route Kish Babylon Ur Uruk Persian Gulf Red Sea River Nile Mediterranean Sea Nile Delta Ancient Egypt Great Pyramids LOWER EGYPT Red Black Red Lands Lands Lands Nile River Red Sea EGYPT Valley of the Kings Ethiopian Highlands UPPER EGYPT 1st Cataracts 2nd Cataracts Lake Victoria 3rd Cataracts Mesopotamia Label these areas: Label these areas: Caspian Sea Akkad Persian Gulf Uruk Black Sea Ur Mediterranean Sea Babylon Europe Asia Red Sea Kish Euphrates River Egypt Africa Tigris River Nile River Shade this area: The Fertile Crescent Draw this in dotted lines: Ancient Trade Route Ancient Egypt Label these areas: Label these areas: Egypt Valley of the Kings Red Sea Ethiopian Highlands Nile River 1st Cataracts Nile Delta 2nd Cataracts Europe Lake Victoria 3rd Cataracts Upper Egypt Mediterranean Sea Lower Egypt Africa Shade these areas: Draw 3 triangles & label: Red Lands The Great Pyramids Black Lands Arctic Ocean North Europe Asia America Atlantic Ocean Africa Pacific Ocean South Indian Ocean America Australia Southern Ocean Antarctica Lines of Latitude run Lines of Longitude run East to West Important World Lines North to South Arctic Circle PrimeMeridian Tropic of Cancer Equator Prime Meridian Prime Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle Continents & Oceans of the World Continents Oceans North America Pacific Ocean South America Atlantic Ocean Africa Southern Ocean Asia Indian Ocean Australia Arctic Ocean Europe Antarctica Important World Lines Label these: Arctic Circle Draw these lines: Tropic of Cancer Lines of Latitude Equator Lines of Longitude Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle Prime Meridian Atlas Mountains Persian Gulf Sahara Desert River Nile Niger River Lake Chad Lake Albert Atlantic Lake Victoria Ocean Congo River Mount Kilimanjaro Lake Tanganyika Lake Malawi Physical Features Zambezi River of Madagascar Kalahari Africa Desert Drakensburg Mtns Cape of Good Hope Physical Features of Africa Label these areas: Cape of Good Hope Lake Victoria Shade these areas: Niger River Indian Ocean Lake Albert Sahara Desert Lake Chad Lake Malawi Nile River Kalahari Desert Atlantic Ocean Lake Tanganyika Persian Gulf Draw a triangle for these: Congo River Arabian Sea Madagascar Atlas Mtns . Zambezi River Red Sea Asia Drakensburg Mtns. Mediterranean Sea Mount Kilimanjaro Indus River Valley Indus River Civilization Mt. Everest Harappa Himalayan Mountains Mt. Kanchenjunga Mohenjo-Daro Thar Desert Ganges River Arabian Bay of Sea Bengal Ancient Indus River Valley Civilization Indian Ocean Ancient Indus River Valley Civilization Label these areas: Shade this area: Arabian Sea Indus River Valley Civilization Indian Ocean Thar Desert Bay of Bengal Ganges River Draw a triangle for these: Indus River Mt. Everest Mohenjo-Daro Mt. Kanchenjunga Harappa Himalayan Mtns. Physical Features of China Physical Features of China Label these areas: Label these areas: Label these areas: Huang He River Gobi Desert Tibetan Plateau (Yellow River) Qin Ling Mountains Sichuan Basin Yangtze River Himalayan Mtns Yangtze Valley Bay of Bengal Taklamakan Desert Northern Plain Xun River Mongolia Pacific Ocean Yellow Sea India East China Sea Junggar Basin Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Land of the Inuit's Label these areas: Label these areas: The Inuit's North America Greenland Mexico Canada Central America Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Arctic Ocean Abraham's Journey Assyria Mediterranean Sea Aleppo Haran Tigris River Hamath Akkad Marj Mesopotamia Shechem Canaan Euphrates River Zoan Dead Sea Babylon Babylonia Hebron Sumer Ur Persian Gulf Red Sea CANAAN The Exodus AMMON Mediterranean Sea Jericho Deed Sea Nile Delta Zoan MOAB Kadesh-barnea GOSHEN Punon Wilderness of Shur Succoth EDOM EGYPT Wilderness of Paran Marah Sinai Exion-geber Elim Peninsula Hazeroth Nile River Mt. Sinai Red Sea Abraham's Journey Trace Abraham's Journey Label these areas: through these locations: Babylonia Ur Mesopotamia Sumer Assyria Babylon Dead Sea Marj Euphrates River Haran Tigris River Aleppo Persian Gulf Hamath Red Sea Shechem Mediterranean Sea Zoan Canaan Hebron Akkad The Exodus Trace the Israelites route Draw a triangle & color: Label these areas: from Egypt to Jericho Mt. Sinai Nile River Zoan Red Sea Succoth Label these areas: Dead Sea Marah Canaan Nile Delta Elim Sinai Peninsula Goshen Mt. Sinai Wilderness of Shur Egypt Hazeroth Mediterranean Sea Edom Exion-geber Wilderness of Paran Moab Kadesh-barnea Ammon (back to Exion-geber) Punon Jericho Entering the Promised Land Entering The Southern Wilderness Promised Plain of Eastern Plateau Land Acc0 Negev Western Mountains CANAAN Shephelah Jezreel Valley Plain of Philistia Mediterranean Plain of Cisjordan Wadi Sea Sharon Transjordan Jordan Rift Transjordan Jericho Plain Jericho Coastal i Crisjordan Plain of Wad Coastal Plains Philistia Plain of Sharon Shephelah Western Jezreel Valley Mountains Jordan Rift Jordan River NEGEV Plain of Acco Canaan Sea of Galilee Southern Wilderness Dead See Eastern Plateau Mediterranean Sea The King's Highway International Coastal Hwy Route of the Israelites This map shows the type of lands the Israelites may have encountered on their journey. Transjordan - inhabitable land between the Jordan River & Arabian Desert. - The King's Highway - International Coastal Highway - The route of the Exodus, the Israelites journey into The Promised Land Great Wall of China MONGOLIA The Forbidden City THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA Tibetan Plateau Yellow River Terracotta Himalayan Mtns Warriors Yangtze River CHINA INDIA The Forbidden City Greece & Rome Caspian Sea Black Sea MONGOLIA Area Great Wall of China ISRAEL Tibetan Plateau Yellow Sea Red Sea Red Persian Gulf Himalayan Mtns Sahara Desert East Arabian China AFRICA Sea Sea Bay of Bengal China's Silk Road Silk Road Land Route Silk Road Water Route Great Wall of China Label these areas Draw & label : Forbidden City Great Wall of China Yellow River (Huang He) Yangtze River Shade: East China Sea Himalayan Mountains Terracotta Warriors Tibetan Plateau India China Bay of Bengal Mongolia Sea of Japan Yellow Sea China's Silk Road Label these areas Label these areas Draw & label : East China Sea Caspian Sea Great Wall of China Yellow Sea (Huang He) Tibetan Plateau Silk Road Land Route Bay of Bengal Indian Ocean Silk Road Water Route Arabian Sea Africa Persian Gulf Sahara Desert Shade & label: Red Sea Forbidden City Himalayan Mountains Mediterranean Sea India Greece & Rome area Egypt China Black Sea Mongolia Arabia Persia Israel Conquering ARAM The Dan Promised Kadesh Land BASHAN SIDONIANS Ramoth-gilead Jexreel Succoth Mediterranean Sea Shiloh Bethel AMMON Jericho PHILISTINE Bethlehem Hebron NEGEV MOAB EDOM This map shows the area conquered by the Israelites. Joshua led them to take Jericho, then they moved south and north, gradually conquering these cities. The Philistines and the Canaanites remained unconquered during this time. - represents the area - conquered by the Israelites Conquering the Promised Land Label these areas Label these areas Shade & label: Aram Dead Sea Conquered Area Bashan Jordan River Label these areas Ramoth-glead Sea of Galilee Sidon Succoth Mediterranean Sea Jezreel Ammon Bethlehem Shiloh Moab Philistine Bethel Hebron Negev Jericho Edom Dan Kadesh The 12 Tribes of Israel Label & color the Label outer areas 12 Tribes Aram Asher Ammon Naphtali Moab Manasseh Edom Gad Philistine Reuben Amalek Simeon Dead Sea Judah Sea of Galilee Benjamin Jordan River Ephraim Mediterranean Sea Dan Issachar Zebulun The 12 Tribes of Israel After the Israelites conquered the lands, it was divided into 12 Tribes to settle in. After the death of Joshua, the lands were ruled for over 300 years by Judges. Several of those Judges united the lands and expanded the territory. The next period for the Israelites will be the time of The Kings. Transjordan Cultures & Neighbors to the Israelites Label these areas: Label these areas: Hittites Mediterranean Sea Phoenicians Sea of Galilee Canaanites Jordan River Philistines Dead Sea Edomites Moabites Amorites Ammonites King Saul's Kingdom Label these areas: Outline & color: Aram King Saul's Kingdom Geshur Ammon Draw a triangle & color: Moab Mt. Gilboa Edom Philistine Phoenician's Sea of Galilee Dead Sea Jordan River Mediterranean Sea Transjordan HITTITES PHOENICIANS ARAM PHOENICIANS Cultures King Saul's Kingdom and GESHUR Neighbors to the CANAANITES Israelites King Saul died here AMMONITES Mt. Gilboa AMMON Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea PHILISTINES AMORITES PHILISTINES MOABITES MOAB EDOM EDOMITES Because
Recommended publications
  • Dual Naming of Sea Areas in Modern Atlases and Implications for the East Sea/Sea of Japan Case

    Dual Naming of Sea Areas in Modern Atlases and Implications for the East Sea/Sea of Japan Case

    Dual naming of sea areas in modern atlases and implications for the East Sea/Sea of Japan case Rainer DORMELS* Dual naming is, to varying extents, present in nearly all atlases. The empirical research in this paper deals with the dual naming of sea areas in about 20 atlases from different nations in the years from 2006 to 2017. Objective, quality, and size of the atlases and the country where the atlases originated from play a key role. All these characteristics of the atlases will be taken into account in the paper. In the cases of dual naming of sea areas, we can, in general, differentiate between: cases where both names are exonyms, cases where both names are endonyms, and cases where one name is an endonym, while the other is an exonym. The goal of this paper is to suggest a typology of dual names of sea areas in different atlases. As it turns out, dual names of sea areas in atlases have different functions, and in many atlases, dual naming is not a singular exception. Dual naming may help the users of atlases to orientate themselves better. Additionally, dual naming allows for providing valuable information to the users. Regarding the naming of the sea between Korea and Japan present study has achieved the following results: the East Sea/Sea of Japan is the sea area, which by far showed the most use of dual naming in the atlases examined, in all cases of dual naming two exonyms were used, even in atlases, which allow dual naming just in very few cases, the East Sea/Sea of Japan is presented with dual naming.
  • Trends of Aquatic Alien Species Invasions in Ukraine

    Trends of Aquatic Alien Species Invasions in Ukraine

    Aquatic Invasions (2007) Volume 2, Issue 3: 215-242 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2007.2.3.8 Open Access © 2007 The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2007 REABIC Research Article Trends of aquatic alien species invasions in Ukraine Boris Alexandrov1*, Alexandr Boltachev2, Taras Kharchenko3, Artiom Lyashenko3, Mikhail Son1, Piotr Tsarenko4 and Valeriy Zhukinsky3 1Odessa Branch, Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU); 37, Pushkinska St, 65125 Odessa, Ukraine 2Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas NASU; 2, Nakhimova avenue, 99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine 3Institute of Hydrobiology NASU; 12, Geroyiv Stalingrada avenue, 04210 Kiyv, Ukraine 4Institute of Botany NASU; 2, Tereschenkivska St, 01601 Kiyv, Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] (BA), [email protected] (AB), [email protected] (TK, AL), [email protected] (PT) *Corresponding author Received: 13 November 2006 / Accepted: 2 August 2007 Abstract This review is a first attempt to summarize data on the records and distribution of 240 alien species in fresh water, brackish water and marine water areas of Ukraine, from unicellular algae up to fish. A checklist of alien species with their taxonomy, synonymy and with a complete bibliography of their first records is presented. Analysis of the main trends of alien species introduction, present ecological status, origin and pathways is considered. Key words: alien species, ballast water, Black Sea, distribution, invasion, Sea of Azov introduction of plants and animals to new areas Introduction increased over the ages. From the beginning of the 19th century, due to The range of organisms of different taxonomic rising technical progress, the influence of man groups varies with time, which can be attributed on nature has increased in geometrical to general processes of phylogenesis, to changes progression, gradually becoming comparable in in the contours of land and sea, forest and dimensions to climate impact.
  • Stomatopoda of Greece: an Annotated Checklist

    Stomatopoda of Greece: an Annotated Checklist

    Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e47183 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e47183 Taxonomic Paper Stomatopoda of Greece: an annotated checklist Panayota Koulouri‡, Vasilis Gerovasileiou‡§, Nicolas Bailly , Costas Dounas‡ ‡ Hellenic Center for Marine Recearch (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece § WorldFish Center, Los Baños, Philippines Corresponding author: Panayota Koulouri ([email protected]) Academic editor: Eva Chatzinikolaou Received: 09 Oct 2019 | Accepted: 15 Mar 2020 | Published: 26 Mar 2020 Citation: Koulouri P, Gerovasileiou V, Bailly N, Dounas C (2020) Stomatopoda of Greece: an annotated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e47183. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47183 Abstract Background The checklist of Stomatopoda of Greece was developed in the framework of the LifeWatchGreece Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) project, coordinated by the Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC) of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR). The application of the Greek Taxon Information System (GTIS) of this project has been used in order to develop a complete checklist of species recorded from the Greek Seas. The objectives of the present study were to update and cross-check all the stomatopod species that are known to occur in the Greek Seas. Inaccuracies and omissions were also investigated, according to literature and current taxonomic status. New information The up-to-date checklist of Stomatopoda of Greece comprises nine species, classified to eight genera and three families. Keywords Stomatopoda, Greece, Aegean Sea, Sea of Crete, Ionian Sea, Eastern Mediterranean, checklist © Koulouri P et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
  • Pharaonic Egypt Through the Eyes of a European Traveller and Collector

    Pharaonic Egypt Through the Eyes of a European Traveller and Collector

    Pharaonic Egypt through the eyes of a European traveller and collector Excerpts from the travel diary of Johann Michael Wansleben (1672-3), with an introduction and annotations by Esther de Groot Esther de Groot s0901245 Book and Digital Media Studies University of Leiden First Reader: P.G. Hoftijzer Second reader: R.J. Demarée 0 1 2 Pharaonic Egypt through the eyes of a European traveller and collector Excerpts from the travel diary of Johann Michael Wansleben (1672-3), with an introduction and annotations by Esther de Groot. 3 4 For Harold M. Hays 1965-2013 Who taught me how to read hieroglyphs 5 6 Contents List of illustrations p. 8 Introduction p. 9 Editorial note p. 11 Johann Michael Wansleben: A traveller of his time p. 12 Egypt in the Ottoman Empire p. 21 The journal p. 28 Travelled places p. 53 Acknowledgments p. 67 Bibliography p. 68 Appendix p. 73 7 List of illustrations Figure 1. Giza, BNF Ms. Italien 435, folio 104 p. 54 Figure 2. The pillar of Marcus Aurelius, BNF Ms. Italien 435, folio 123 p. 59 Figure 3. Satellite view of Der Abu Hennis and Der el Bersha p. 60 Figure 4. Map of Der Abu Hennis from the original manuscript p. 61 Figure 5. Map of the visited places in Egypt p. 65 Figure 6. Map of the visited places in the Faiyum p. 66 Figure 7. An offering table from Saqqara, BNF Ms. Italien 435, folio 39 p. 73 Figure 8. A stela from Saqqara, BNF Ms. Italien 435, folio 40 p. 74 Figure 9.
  • “Fertile Crescent” Will Disappear in This Century

    “Fertile Crescent” Will Disappear in This Century

    Hydrological Research Letters 2,1‒4 (2008) Published online in J-STAGE (www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/HRL). DOI: 10.3178/HRL.2.1 First super-high-resolution model projection that the ancient “Fertile Crescent” will disappear in this century Akio Kitoh1, Akiyo Yatagai2 and Pinhas Alpert3 1Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan 2Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan 3Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel demand (Vorosmarty et al., 2000). Water in the environ- Abstract: ment is an international problem because it is strongly related with the import and export of agricultural and The first full projections of rainfall and streamflow industrial products and the economic and social well- in the “Fertile Crescent” of Middle East are presented being. Multi-model climate change simulations for the in this paper. Up until now, this has not been possible 21st century showed a decrease in runoff in the Middle due to the lack of observed data and the lack of atmos- East of up to 30% by 2050 (Milly et al., 2005). A 40% pheric models with sufficient resolution. An innovative decrease in the annual streamflow of the Euphrates super-high-resolution (20-km) global climate model is River has also been projected (Nohara et al., 2006). employed, which accurately reproduces the precipita- However, the horizontal resolution of the climate tion and the streamflow of the present-day Fertile models used for these projections (between 400 km and Crescent. It is projected that, by the end of this century, 125 km) is not sufficient to resolve the topography in the Fertile Crescent will lose its current shape and may the Fertile Crescent.
  • Snakeheadsnepal Pakistan − (Pisces,India Channidae) PACIFIC OCEAN a Biologicalmyanmar Synopsis Vietnam

    Snakeheadsnepal Pakistan − (Pisces,India Channidae) PACIFIC OCEAN a Biologicalmyanmar Synopsis Vietnam

    Mongolia North Korea Afghan- China South Japan istan Korea Iran SnakeheadsNepal Pakistan − (Pisces,India Channidae) PACIFIC OCEAN A BiologicalMyanmar Synopsis Vietnam and Risk Assessment Philippines Thailand Malaysia INDIAN OCEAN Indonesia Indonesia U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1251 SNAKEHEADS (Pisces, Channidae)— A Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment By Walter R. Courtenay, Jr., and James D. Williams U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1251 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. GROAT, Director Use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. Copyrighted material reprinted with permission. 2004 For additional information write to: Walter R. Courtenay, Jr. Florida Integrated Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 7920 N.W. 71st Street Gainesville, Florida 32653 For additional copies please contact: U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Box 25286 Denver, Colorado 80225-0286 Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Walter R. Courtenay, Jr., and James D. Williams Snakeheads (Pisces, Channidae)—A Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment / by Walter R. Courtenay, Jr., and James D. Williams p. cm. — (U.S. Geological Survey circular ; 1251) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN.0-607-93720 (alk. paper) 1. Snakeheads — Pisces, Channidae— Invasive Species 2. Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment. Title. II. Series. QL653.N8D64 2004 597.8’09768’89—dc22 CONTENTS Abstract . 1 Introduction . 2 Literature Review and Background Information . 4 Taxonomy and Synonymy .
  • Country Advice Egypt Egypt – EGY37024 – Treatment of Anglican Christians in Al Minya 2 August 2010

    Country Advice Egypt Egypt – EGY37024 – Treatment of Anglican Christians in Al Minya 2 August 2010

    Country Advice Egypt Egypt – EGY37024 – Treatment of Anglican Christians in Al Minya 2 August 2010 1. Please provide detailed information on Al Minya, including its location, its history and its religious background. Please focus on the Christian population of Al Minya and provide information on what Christian denominations are in Al Minya, including the Anglican Church and the United Coptic Church; the main places of Christian worship in Al Minya; and any conflict in Al Minya between Christians and the authorities. 1 Al Minya (also known as El Minya or El Menya) is known as the „Bride of Upper Egypt‟ due to its location on at the border of Upper and Lower Egypt. It is the capital city of the Minya governorate in the Nile River valley of Upper Egypt and is located about 225km south of Cairo to which it is linked by rail. The city has a television station and a university and is a centre for the manufacture of soap, perfume and sugar processing. There is also an ancient town named Menat Khufu in the area which was the ancestral home of the pharaohs of the 4th dynasty. 2 1 „Cities in Egypt‟ (undated), travelguide2egypt.com website http://www.travelguide2egypt.com/c1_cities.php – Accessed 28 July 2010 – Attachment 1. 2 „Travel & Geography: Al-Minya‟ 2010, Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2 August http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/384682/al-Minya – Accessed 28 July 2010 – Attachment 2; „El Minya‟ (undated), touregypt.net website http://www.touregypt.net/elminyatop.htm – Accessed 26 July 2010 – Page 1 of 18 According to several websites, the Minya governorate is one of the most highly populated governorates of Upper Egypt.
  • Women's Position and Attitudes Towards Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt

    Women's Position and Attitudes Towards Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Van Rossem et al. BMC Public Health (2015) 15:874 DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2203-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Women's position and attitudes towards female genital mutilation in Egypt: A secondary analysis of the Egypt demographic and health surveys, 1995-2014 Ronan Van Rossem1*, Dominique Meekers2 and Anastasia J. Gage2 Abstract Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is still widespread in Egyptian society. It is strongly entrenched in local tradition and culture and has a strong link to the position of women. To eradicate the practice a major attitudinal change is a required for which an improvement in the social position of women is a prerequisite. This study examines the relationship between Egyptian women’s social positions and their attitudes towards FGM, and investigates whether the spread of anti-FGM attitudes is related to the observed improvements in the position of women over time. Methods: Changes in attitudes towards FGM are tracked using data from the Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys from 1995 to 2014. Multilevel logistic regressions are used to estimate 1) the effects of indicators of a woman’ssocial position on her attitude towards FGM, and 2) whether these effects change over time. Results: Literate, better educated and employed women are more likely to oppose FGM. Initially growing opposition to FGM was related to the expansion of women’s education, but lately opposition to FGM also seems to have spread to other segments of Egyptian society.
  • Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus

    Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus

    STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scientific institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N.
  • Thinking About the Arctic's Future

    Thinking About the Arctic's Future

    By Lawson W. Brigham ThinkingThinking aboutabout thethe Arctic’sArctic’s Future:Future: ScenariosScenarios forfor 20402040 MIKE DUNN / NOAA CLIMATE PROGRAM OFFICE, NABOS 2006 EXPEDITION The warming of the Arctic could These changes have profound con- ing in each of the four scenarios. mean more circumpolar sequences for the indigenous people, • Transportation systems, espe- for all Arctic species and ecosystems, cially increases in marine and air transportation and access for and for any anticipated economic access. the rest of the world—but also development. The Arctic is also un- • Resource development—for ex- an increased likelihood of derstood to be a large storehouse of ample, oil and gas, minerals, fish- yet-untapped natural resources, a eries, freshwater, and forestry. overexploited natural situation that is changing rapidly as • Indigenous Arctic peoples— resources and surges of exploration and development accel- their economic status and the im- environmental refugees. erate in places like the Russian pacts of change on their well-being. Arctic. • Regional environmental degra- The combination of these two ma- dation and environmental protection The Arctic is undergoing an jor forces—intense climate change schemes. extraordinary transformation early and increasing natural-resource de- • The Arctic Council and other co- in the twenty-first century—a trans- velopment—can transform this once- operative arrangements of the Arctic formation that will have global im- remote area into a new region of im- states and those of the regional and pacts. Temperatures in the Arctic are portance to the global economy. To local governments. rising at unprecedented rates and evaluate the potential impacts of • Overall geopolitical issues fac- are likely to continue increasing such rapid changes, we turn to the ing the region, such as the Law of throughout the century.
  • A Time-Varying Parameter Estimation Approach Using Split-Sample

    A Time-Varying Parameter Estimation Approach Using Split-Sample

    https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-639 Preprint. Discussion started: 20 December 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. A time-varying parameter estimation approach using split-sample calibration based on dynamic programming Xiaojing Zhanga,b, Pan Liua,b* aState Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China bHubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]; Tel: +86-27-68775788; Fax: +86-27-68773568 1 / 58 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-639 Preprint. Discussion started: 20 December 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Abstract: Although the parameters of hydrological models are usually regarded as 2 constant, temporal variations can occur in a changing environment. Thus, effectively 3 estimating time-varying parameters becomes a significant challenge. Following a 4 survey of existing estimation methodologies, this paper describes a new method that 5 combines (1) the basic concept of split-sample calibration (SSC), whereby parameters 6 are assumed to be stable for one sub-period, and (2) the parameter continuity 7 assumption, i.e., the differences between parameters in consecutive time steps are small. 8 Dynamic programming is then used to determine the optimal parameter trajectory by 9 considering two objective functions: maximization of simulation accuracy and 10 maximization of parameter continuity. The efficiency of the proposed method is 11 evaluated by two synthetic experiments, one with a simple two-parameter monthly 12 model and the second using a more complex 15-parameter daily model.
  • Egypt: Vocabulary Terms (2)

    Egypt: Vocabulary Terms (2)

    Name: Period: Egypt: Vocabulary Terms (2) Definition Example Sentence Symbol/Picture Nile River: Main water source for ancient Egypt, flows south to north, emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. Flooding of this river brought rich silt (soil) to the Nile River Valley for farming. Cataracts: Wild and difficult to navigate rapids that choke the Nile River through southern Egypt. Made travel difficult. Delta: A triangle shaped formation at the mouth of a river, created by deposit of sediment. Often fan shaped with smaller rivers splitting up and flowing into the larger body of water. Sahara Desert: The largest desert in the world, located to the west of Ancient Egypt. Name: Period: Egypt: Vocabulary Terms (2) Definition Example Sentence Symbol/Picture Kemet: Means “black land.” The Egyptians called their lanf Kemet because of the the dark, fertile mud (silt) left behind by the Nile’s annual floods. Shaduf: Irrigation device invented in Egypt-a bucket attached to a long pole to dip into the river. Still used by egyptian farmers today. Upper Egypt: The southern area of Egypt, where the city of Thebes and the Valley of the Kings are located. Called “Upper Egypt” because of higher elevation. Lower Egypt: The northern area of Egypt, where the Nile River delta, the Great Pyramids at Giza and the city of Cairo are located. Called “Lower Egypt” because of lower elevation. Name: Period: Egypt: Vocabulary Terms (2) Definition Example Sentence Symbol/Picture Memphis: Capital city of the Old Kingdom, located in Lower Egypt, founded by Pharaoh Menes. Strategically located as a link between Upper and Lower Egypt.