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La Société Thaïe Et Les Siamois Au Milieu Du XIX Siècle D'après Henri

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La Société Thaïe Et Les Siamois Au Milieu Du XIX Siècle D'après Henri La société thaïe et les Siamois au milieu du XIXe siècle d'après Henri Mouhot Par Waraporn Kor Srisuwan Mémoire d'études françaises Diplôme de Maîtrise Département de Français Ecole des Etudes Supérieures Université Silpakorn 2002 ISBN 974 - 653 - 239 - 1 IP&#@a6A^DO)QFIAQ@`8I@PABP) QD6T 4 PG8O!L&LL&B T X_L4 8Q&IQFFBQ?B2 .TIW FS6AQ8S=878T]:8I F8J8U&!L& QBGUH4@DPX4S,,PH4@9P04 IQ!QFS)<P&]GIGUH #S)H<P&]GI 9P0S4SDP @SDAGP SD : QBGUH 2545 ISBN 974 - 653 - 239- 1 DS!IS679P0S4SDP @SDPAGSD L'Ecole des Etudes Supérieures de l'Université Silpakorn a accepté le mémoire : " La société thaïe et les Siamois au milieu du XIXe siècle d'après Henri Mouhot ", proposé par Mademoiselle Waraporn Kor Srisuwan dans le cadre des études françaises de maîtrise. ……………………………..…………… (Dr. Chirawan Kongklai, maître assistant) Doyen de l'Ecole des Etudes Supérieures Date…….…Mois..……….Année…….... Directrice du mémoire Dr. Kanika Chansang, maître de conférence Le jury …………………………………….président ( Dr. Bernard Wirth) …………/…………/…………. ………………………………..…….membre ( Dr. Sunanta Fabre, maître assistant ) …………/…………/…………. ……………………………….…….membre ( Dr. Kanika Chansang, maître de conférence) …………/…………/…………. K 41413009 : IQ!QFS)<P&]GIGH #QI#P, : @X4 / P#@a^DO)@ / `@PABP)DT 4 .GBTIW : IP#@a^DO)@`@PABP)DT 4 `PO LL&BT @X4 (La société thaïe et les Siamois au milieu de XIXe siècle d'après Henri Mouhot) ';X #9#W@S6AQ8S=87 : BG. 3B. BB2S '^I&. 150 8 Q. ISBN 974-653-239-1 @5UHDPH!L&IP#@a^DO)@' L]!T) 4OP4T]3S@@Va`@P4 c L]!TD Q8TO )TFS4 #@8LAX^DO FP1@OT#a`^ @W@TDD^DO^44 9P86U QB]3S86Q&]BVL& Voyage dans les royaumes de Siam, de Cambodge, de Laos et autres parties centrales de l’Indo-Chine !L&LL&BT @X4 S@;^ #P^` .. 2406 8P9<P&]GI LT)S8J8U&6TO L8?Q=IP#@a^DO)@`@PABP)DT 4 @X4]3S86Q&]! @`/O 8P@)4SFS6AQ]=VLIQBF')'P@ P@X)^DOD ''O9P86U ]I 86Q& QB ]3S^D @X4AP&FQ3?Q=6TO6 ` ]JL83S^^59T`^ @W@4 c LIP4^DO 8O ` ]JLDPH!L&IP#@a^DO)@'@W@@@X4 ^DOO L8 ` ]JL86P#4S4P@X4 4D'9S9P#@O<P) D #S44HT 19 S6AQ8S=87(9P9TGUHP#@a^DO)@`PO@X4 `) ^ QB]!T^99S#O VO@D^DOS#O6P#4S!L&LL&B @X4 4D'UH 5T9T9P9 L]!T)<P#Vc ;X 'P# Q]8VLJQ!L&FS6AQ8S=878T'OO)^ 8P# # )a`Q 4 O(O<P@`) `UHP#@a^DO)@`@PA 4c`^ @W@TDD^DO^44 Q& P&8T`) O)'4 O'O4 L& #Q8U5U&6P#4 X@SDP&6Q&FP1@^DOP#@;X ]!TA83 VLF @Va ]! `'4W;D^DO #@#S;X 9P86U)S88Pc^D 'OO@S#@#P,^DO@`) O9UHS'Pa LA Q&]6T4 ;X FS'PA89@X4@a ` #; FA]JL#@#P, Q]:8:''PA6TI &]IBS@` )S88T]:86TBX 'P^DPD #S)H<P 9P0S4SDP @SDPAGSD : QBGUH 2545 D@V)VL8PH……………………………….. D@V)V';X #9#W@S6AQ8S=87…………………………..……. & K 41413009 : Majeur : Etudes françaises Mots clés : Henri Mouhot / la société thaïe et les Siamois / au milieu du XIXe siècle Waraporn Kor Srisuwan : La société thaïe et les Siamois au milieu de XIXe siècle d'après Henri Mouhot. Directrice du mémoire : Dr. Kanika Chansang, maître de conférence. 150 pp. ISBN 974-653-239-1 Les documents occidentaux sont utiles pour les études thaïes parce qu’ils reflètent différemment le portrait, le mode de vie, les moeurs et coutumes ainsi que la mentalité des Siamois. Voyage dans les royaumes de Siam, de Cambodge, de Laos et autres parties centrales de l’Indo-Chine d’Henri Mouhot, objet de notre étude, en est un bon exemple. Cet ouvrage, daté de 1863, nous permet d’étudier la société thaïe et le Siam sous le règne du roi Mongkut. C’est avec le regard d’un citoyen français, naturaliste et infatigable voyageur ayant séjourné dix ans en Russie, que Henri Mouhot observe la société thaïe et les Siamois. Il nous livre ses réflexions dans son journal de voyage enrichi d’illustrations de grande valeur. Sa présentation et ses remarques sur ce sujet reflètent en même temps sa vision et le contexte socio-culturel de la France au milieu du XIXe siècle. Ce mémoire est une étude de la pensée de l’auteur sur la société thaïe et les e Siamois au milieu du XIX siècle sous forme d'une description analytique. Il place aussi cet ouvrage dans l’histoire des écrits français sur la Thaïlande. Nous espérons que la compréhension de l’origine et de l’arrière-plan de ce document permettra aux chercheurs thaïs de mieux l’exploiter. Nous présentons, dans l’annexe IV, quelques illustrations d'Henri Mouhot pour lui rendre hommage d’autant plus que ce livre est mondialement connu pour ses belles gravures. Département de Français, Ecole des études Supérieures, Université Silpakorn Année Universitaire 2003 Signature de l'étudiante…………………….……….. Signature de la directrice du mémoire…………………….…………… ' REMERCIEMENTS Qu'il me soit permis d'exprimer ici mes remerciements les plus sincères et ma reconnaissance la plus profonde au Dr. Kanika Chansang, ma directrice de mémoire dont les conseils, la clairvoyance, la patience et les encouragements ont permis à ce mémoire de voir le jour. Un grand merci au Dr. Bernard Wirth pour sa longue patience, ses conseils précieux et ses corrections. Merci également aux Mme. Sunanta Fabre et M. Anake Nawigamune pour leur aide et leur sympathie. Je tiens aussi à exprimer ma gratitude à tous les professeurs du département de français, qui m'ont nourrie de leurs connaissances, ainsi qu'à l'Ecole des Etudes Supérieures et le Fonds de Recherches Thaïes (The Thailand Research Fund), dont les contributions financières m'ont permis de réaliser ce mémoire. ( TABLE DES MATIÈRES Page Résumé en thaï ……………………………………………………………. Résumé en français ……………………………………………………….. ' Remerciements ……………………………………………………………. ( Introduction ………………………………………………………………. 1 Chapitre I Présentation de la société thaïe et des Siamois d'après Henri Mouhot ……………………………………………………. 7 1. Présentation de la société thaïe ………………………………... 10 1.1 Description et analyse du système politique thaï ……… 10 1.2 Structure économique …………………………………. 12 1.3 Société de classes ……………………………………… 18 1.3.1 Le roi ………………………………………….. 18 1.3.2 Les mandarins …………………………………. 22 1.3.3 Le peuple ……………………………………… 24 2. Présentation des Siamois …………………………………….. 26 2.1 Portrait et mode de vie ……………………………….. 26 2.1.1 Le portrait ……………………………………... 27 2.1.2 Le mode de vie ………………………………... 28 2.2 Moeurs et coutumes …………………………………... 33 2.3 Mentalité et sensibilités ………………………………. 38 II Analyse de la vision d'Henri Mouhot ………………………… 44 1. La France au XIXe siècle …………………………………… 44 1.1 Vie politique …………………………………………. 45 1.2 Vie socio-économique ……………………………….. 46 ) Chapitre Page 1.3 Vie culturelle : nouveaux courants d'idées …………... 49 1.3.1 Le romantisme ……………………………… 49 1.3.2 Le progrès des sciences nouvelles : genèse de l'orientalisme …………………….. 53 2. Henri Mouhot : étude biographique ……………………….. 57 2.1 Vie et formation ……….………………………….... 58 2.2 Contribution de ses découvertes …………………… 60 3. Analyse de la vision d'Henri Mouhot ……………………… 66 …………………… 77 III Evaluation de la pensée d'Henri Mouhot 1. Mouhot et les écrits français sur le Siam ……………..……… 78 2. Limite et valeur du jugement d'Henri Mouhot ……………… 92 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………. 101 Bibliographie ………………………………………………………… 106 Annexe I Portrait d'Henri Mouhot ………………………………. 115 Annexe II Itinéraire de ses expéditions …………………………… 116 Annexe III Datation et Localisation des itinéraires ……………….. 117 Annexe IV Illustrations ……………………………………………… 120 Annexe V Transcriptions ou appellations modernes de quelques noms de lieux et sites cités par Henri Mouhot…………. 147 Curriculum vitae ……………………………………………………… 150 * TABLES DES ILLUSTRATIONS Illustration Page 1 Portrait d'Henri Mouhot ……………………………….….. 115 2 Itinéraire de ses expéditions …………………………….… 116 3 Le bivouac de Mouhot dans la forêt de Laos ……………… 121 4 Cimetière d'Henri Mouhot à Luang Prabang ……………… 122 5 Découvertes en sciences naturelles de Mouhot …………… 123 6 Le roi de Siam et la défunte reine …………………………. 124 7 Jeune prine royal ………………………………………….. 125 8 Amazone de la garde du roi de Siam ……………………… 126 9 Le mandarin chef des Chrétiens à Bangkok ……………….. 127 10 Domestique siamois ……………………………………….. 127 11 Canal d'Ajuthia …………………………………………….. 128 12 Dîner de dames Siamoises …………………………………. 129 13 Labour et semailles chez les Stiêngs ………………………. 130 14 Cérémonial de la tonsure du toupet ………………………... 131 15 Intérieur du parc aux éléphants d'Ajuthia ………………….. 132 16 Vue générale de Bangkok …………………………………. 133 17 Singes jouant avec un crocodile, dans la rivière de Chanthaburi ……………………………………………. 134 18 Portique centrale d'Angkor Wat …………………………… 135 19 Chausée et entrée principale d'Angkor Wat ……………….. 136 20 Façade septentrinale d'Angkor Wat ……………………….. 137 21 Première page de la première édition française de 1863 ….. 138 22 Couverture de l'édition française de 1872 ………………… 139 23 Couverture de l'édition française de 1882 ………………… 140 24 Couverture de l'édition française de 1989 ………………… 141 25 Couverture de l'édition française de 1999 ………………… 142 + Illustration Page 26 Couverture de l'édition anglaise de 1864 ………………….. 143 27 Couverture de l'édition anglaise de 1986 ………………….. 144 28 Couverture de l'édition anglaise de 1989 ………………….. 145 29 Couverture du Siam et Henri Mouhot, (1999), d'Anake Nawigamune ……………………………………… 146 , INTRODUCTION Problématique et genèse du mémoire Dès l'époque d'Ayutthaya, les étrangers entrent à Ayutthaya en missions diverses comme celle des relations diplomatiques et du commerce, de propagation de la religion chrétienne… Ils collectent des informations et décrivent leur expérience dans leurs écrits. Comme la France est un pays qui établit des relations avec le Siam depuis 1685, les écrits français présentent dès lors la société thaïe au plan politique, économique, géographique et social. Ce qui est intéressant, c’est qu’ils décrivent le mode de vie, les moeurs, les coutumes, et la mentalité des Siamois. Nous pouvons compter de nombreux documents français depuis l'époque d'Ayutthaya jusqu'à Rattanakosin, les plus connus du XVIIe siècle sont Journal du voyage de Siam fait en 1685 et 1686 de l'abbé de Choisy1, Second Voyage du Père Tachard de Guy Tachard2, L’Histoire naturelle et politique du royaume de Siam de Nicolas Gervaise3, Du Royaume de Siam de Simon de la Loubère4, et puis d’autres datés du XIXe siècle : Description du royaume thaï ou Siam de Mgr.
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