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The Zoogeography of the East Indian Archipelago 1 Dr
THE ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE EAST INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO 1 DR. P. N. VAN KAMPEN TRANSLATED FROM THE DUTCH BY THOMAS BARBOUR TRANSLATOR'S NOTE NEARLY a year ago I received from my friend Dr. van Kampen a paper which seemed at once of such present interest and general excellence that I believed it should be made available for English-speaking students of zoo geography. Its original publication in Java makes it inaccessible to many. The essay was written to be read before the Debating Club of the Batavian Royal Natural History Society; and I am under obligation to both Dr. van Kampen and the president of the Koninklijke Natuurkundig Vereeniging for permission to make and publish this translation. THE ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE EAST INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO Even a superficial examination shows us that a very considerable faunistic differentiation exists between the western and eastern halves of the Indo-Australian archi pelago. Perhaps this differentiation is most evident amongst the mammals. If one compares, for instance, Sumatra with New Guinea, one finds at once upon the first-named island a number of large mammals, such as the tiger and the leopard, the rhinoceros and the tapir, which are of course unknown upon New Guinea. Here, on the other hand, certain marsupials are found, as well as the strange egg-laying ant-eaters, of which there is no sign upon Sumatra. One finds similar phenomena upon 1 Original title: "De Zoogeografie van den Indischen Archipel door Dr. P. N. Van Kampen. Overgedrukt uit Bijblad No.3 en 4 van het Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-lndie." Weltevreden, Boek handel Visser &; Co., 1909. -
6 X 10.Long New.P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-12108-8 - The Idea of Indonesia: A History R. E. Elson Excerpt More information 1 The origins of the idea of Indonesia Before the twentieth century, there was no Indonesia and thus no Indonesians. In the archipelago that stretched between continental Asia and Australia, states and statelets abounded, some loosely articulated by slowly gathering Dutch imperial power, but localism remained the predom- inant motif of political and cultural identity. There was ‘not a single flag but many flags’.1 Equally, there was in the archipelago nothing by way of broadly conceived, modern, decisive, indigenous leadership. The political idea of ‘Indonesia’ (that is, that there was an archipelago-wide state, and that it might have other forms of existence than as the colony of a cold, wet little country facing the North Sea) was very slow to develop in comparison with thinking of a similar kind in, say, China or India or Vietnam. Indeed, no one knew quite what to name the region until the early decades of the twentieth century. Non-Dutch travellers and officials called it ‘the Eastern Seas’, ‘the Eastern Islands’, ‘the Indian Archipelago’, to name a few. The Dutch some- times employed terms like ‘the Indies’, ‘the East Indies’, ‘the Indies pos- sessions’, or even, later, ‘Insulinde’ (the islands of the Indies), and as their political connection with the region grew, ‘the Netherlands (East) Indies’, and they saw it as part of ‘tropisch Nederland’ (the tropical Netherlands). The word ‘Indonesia’ was first manufactured in 1850 in the form ‘Indu-nesians’ by the English traveller and social observer George Samuel Windsor Earl. -
From 16 October 2013 to 26 January 2
Room 2 Room 1 Indochina Indochina from 1908 to 1956 from 1858 to 1907 entrance Exhibition www.musee-armee.fr - - from 16 October 2013 Open every day from 10 a.m. to 26 January 2014 to 6 p.m. until 31 October, - As of November 1st, from 10 a.m Hôtel des Invalides, to 5 p.m. 129 rue de Grenelle, Closed on 25 December and 1 January 6 boulevard des Invalides (special needs access) Paris VII Located at the crossroads of India and China, in the 16th century the Indochinese peninsula aroused European interest. The Pope gave the Jesuits and missionaries in the foreign missions the task of converting the local people and training a «native» clergy, while the initial commercial relations between Europe and the peninsula were inaugurated by the Portuguese, followed a century later by the Dutch and the English. France, which was only involved from the religious point of view in the 17th century, sought supply points between India and China for the ships belonging to the Compagnie des Indes Orientales (East India Company). The civil war of 1775-1802, coming after a relatively peaceful period between the Vietnamese domains in the North and the South, gave it the opportunity, through Mgr. Pigneau de Béhaine, of signing an assistance treaty which was never applied, between the King of France Louis XVI and the heir Sabre belonging to Gia Long, to the Nguyen dynasty, the future Emperor Gia Long (1802- the Emperor of Annam - 1820). At the same time as the Confucian structures of the Late 18th - early 19th century Steel, gold, jade, coral, pearl, Empire were being renovated, he modernised the army and precious stones and vermeil (c) Paris, Musée de l’Armée (1891). -
Faculty of Humanities Institute for History
Faculty of Humanities Institute for History Master’s Thesis A Distant Mirror: Violent Public Punishment in the VOC Batavia, 1729-1739 Submitted by Muhammad Asyrafi S2248891 Program: Colonial and Global History Supervisor: Prof. dr. J.L.L. Gommans Second reader: Dr. Alicia Schrikker October 2020 Leiden Abstract This thesis examines the violent colonial penal practice in VOC’s Batavia by comparing it with the penal practice in Amsterdam. This thesis argues that colonial penal practice is different compared to the penal practice in the metropole in various aspects. Using various primary sources, this thesis identifies these differences in five fields: the legal codex, the persons directly involved in the event, the location of execution, the procedure of execution, and the spectators at the event. The thesis seeks to find the extent of the use of violent measures in colonial penal practice resembles that in the metropole and to what extent does it differ. Keywords: Penal History, Capital Punishment, Colonial Punishment, Torture, Colonial, VOC, Batavia Contents Abstract.....................................................................................................................................2 Contents ....................................................................................................................................3 List of Images, Tables, Figures, and Maps ............................................................................4 Introduction..............................................................................................................................5 -
The Malay Archipelago
BOOKS & ARTS COMMENT The Malay Archipelago: the land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise; a IN RETROSPECT narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE The Malay Macmillan/Harper Brothers: first published 1869. lfred Russel Wallace was arguably the greatest field biologist of the nine- Archipelago teenth century. He played a leading Apart in the founding of both evolutionary theory and biogeography (see page 162). David Quammen re-enters the ‘Milky Way of He was also, at times, a fine writer. The best land masses’ evoked by Alfred Russel Wallace’s of his literary side is on show in his 1869 classic, The Malay Archipelago, a wondrous masterpiece of biogeography. book of travel and adventure that wears its deeper significance lightly. The Malay Archipelago is the vast chain of islands stretching eastward from Sumatra for more than 6,000 kilometres. Most of it now falls within the sovereignties of Malaysia and Indonesia. In Wallace’s time, it was a world apart, a great Milky Way of land masses and seas and straits, little explored by Europeans, sparsely populated by peoples of diverse cul- tures, and harbouring countless species of unknown plant and animal in dense tropical forests. Some parts, such as the Aru group “Wallace paid of islands, just off the his expenses coast of New Guinea, by selling ERNST MAYR LIB., MUS. COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, HARVARD UNIV. HARVARD ZOOLOGY, LIB., MUS. COMPARATIVE MAYR ERNST were almost legend- specimens. So ary for their remote- he collected ness and biological series, not just riches. Wallace’s jour- samples.” neys throughout this region, sometimes by mail packet ship, some- times in a trading vessel or a small outrigger canoe, were driven by a purpose: to collect animal specimens that might help to answer a scientific question. -
Special Issue 2, August 2015
Special Issue 2, August 2015 Published by the Center for Lao Studies ISSN: 2159-2152 www.laostudies.org ______________________ Special Issue 2, August 2015 Information and Announcements i-ii Introducing a Second Collection of Papers from the Fourth International 1-5 Conference on Lao Studies. IAN G. BAIRD and CHRISTINE ELLIOTT Social Cohesion under the Aegis of Reciprocity: Ritual Activity and Household 6-33 Interdependence among the Kim Mun (Lanten-Yao) in Laos. JACOB CAWTHORNE The Ongoing Invention of a Multi-Ethnic Heritage in Laos. 34-53 YVES GOUDINEAU An Ethnohistory of Highland Societies in Northern Laos. 54-76 VANINA BOUTÉ Wat Tham Krabok Hmong and the Libertarian Moment. 77-96 DAVID M. CHAMBERS The Story of Lao r: Filling in the Gaps. 97-109 GARRY W. DAVIS Lao Khrang and Luang Phrabang Lao: A Comparison of Tonal Systems and 110-143 Foreign-Accent Rating by Luang Phrabang Judges. VARISA OSATANANDA Phuan in Banteay Meancheay Province, Cambodia: Resettlement under the 144-166 Reign of King Rama III of Siam THANANAN TRONGDEE The Journal of Lao Studies is published twice per year by the Center for Lao Studies, 65 Ninth Street, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA. For more information, see the CLS website at www.laostudies.org. Please direct inquiries to [email protected]. ISSN : 2159-2152 Books for review should be sent to: Justin McDaniel, JLS Editor 223 Claudia Cohen Hall 249 S. 36th Street University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104 Copying and Permissions Notice: This journal provides open access to content contained in every issue except the current issue, which is open to members of the Center for Lao Studies. -
131299 Bangperng 2020 E.Docx
International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change. www.ijicc.net Volume 13, Issue 12, 2020 Champasak: Dhammayuttika Nikaya and the Maintenance of Power of the Thai State (Buddhist Decade 2390- 2450) Kiattisak Bangpernga, aDepartment of Sociology and Anthropology Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Email: [email protected] This article is intended to analyse the time during Siam's reign in Champasak, when Siam exercised the colonial power to collect tributes and taxes, resulting in the local Lao’s burdens. This caused rebels to be formed under the culture of local Buddhists combined with indigenous beliefs. Siam therefore attempted to connect the local Lao and culture to the central power. One of the important policies was to send Thammayut monks to remove the local beliefs and to disseminate pure Buddhism, according to Thai Dhammayuttika Nikaya. Later, French colonies wanted to rule the Lao territory in the name of Indochina, resulting in that the monks of Dhammayuttika Nikaya were drawn to be part of the political mechanism, in order to cultivate loyalty in the Siamese elites and spread the Thai ideology. This aimed to separate Laos from the French’s claiming of legitimacy for a colonial rule. However, even if the Dhammayuttika Nikaya was accepted and supported by the Lao rulers, but it was not generally accepted by the local people, because it was the symbol of the power of Siam who oppressed them, and appeared to have ideological differences with their local culture. Dhammayuttika Nikaya, as a state mechanism, was not successful in maintaining the power of the Thai state. -
Journal of the Siam Sociehj Vol. 83, Parts 1&2
62 Placide' s map of Siam and neighbouring countries, 1686, courtesy of Dr Dawn F. Rooney. Journal of The Siam Sociehj Vol. 83, Parts 1&2 (1995) 63 Seventeenth Century Siam: Its Extent and Urban Centres According to Dutch and French Observers Michael Smithies* The extent of the Kingdom of Siam and its provinces and towns in the seventeenth century was a matter of some disagreement among the principal observers from the Netherlands and France when one compares the texts and maps of the period. This leaves aside local considerations of the conception of a boundary, recently and pertinently discussed by Thongchai Winichakul (1994). An examination is made here of the records of Schouten and Van Vliet, and of de Bourges, Chaumont, Choisy, Tachard, Gervaise and La Loubere, and for comparative purposes, the maps of Placide and that which appeared in La Loubere will be considered. Unfortunately it has not been possible to consult Cornelis van Neijenrode's text, written between 1617 and 1621, and only published in 1871 in Dutch. Schouten Joost Schouten was in Siam, though not continuously, in various capacities for the VOC between 1628 and 1636, and his account, like that of Van Neijenrode, was written for the Governor General in Batavia. It had a happier publishing history than the earlier text though, appearing in Dutch in 1638 and being first translated into English in 1662. From 1663 it appeared in Manley's translation with Caron's account of the Kingdom of Japan, and the 1671 London edition is used here (in the Siam Society facsimile edition of 1986, with an introduction and notes by John Villiers). -
The French Army and Siam, 1893–1914
243 FROM THE ARCHIVES The French Army and Siam, 1893–1914 Amable Sablon du Corail Translated by Michael Smithies ABSTRACT—Concerning the Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893, the forcing of the mouth of the Chao Phraya River by French gunboats under Siamese fire is generally known, as well as the treaty of October 1893 that gave the left bank of the Mekong River to France. Little, however, has been written about the land operations between French and Siamese armies in the region of the Khone Falls, or about the occupation of Chanthaburi district up until 1905. Important for the history of Thailand, these latter episodes moreover illustrate French colonial doctrine very aptly in France’s conquest and pacification of Tonkin. The French exported that doctrine everywhere in their empire—reliance on the use of native troops, integration of political and military action, and primacy accorded to civil administration. The present article examines how the governors-general of French Indochina perceived the rapid modernisation of Kingdom of Siam, as they buttressed France’s farthest and richest colony. The beginning of the dispute On 26 October 1891, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, Alexandre Ribot, claimed in the name of the Annamese Empire all the territories on the east of Mekong River (Tuck 1995: 96). While it was a declaration of principle addressed only to the Chamber of Deputies, it revealed to the world the desire of France to control the Mekong basin and to appropriate an access route to southern China. The explorations of Auguste Pavie had demonstrated the impossibility of turning the huge river into the Far Eastern Nile of the young French colony. -
BRITISH and DUTCH PERCEPTIONS of CANNIBALISM in BORNEO, 1882-1964 Adrienne Smith
CONTIBUTOR BIO ADRIENNE SMITH is pursuing a Bachelor of Arts in History with a minor in Women and Gender Studies at California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo. She is particu- larly interested in modern Latin American and Middle Eastern studies. Adrienne is from the central coast of California, and in her free time enjoys spending time with family and friends, going to concerts, reading comic books, eating tacos, and traveling. 118 BRITISH AND DUTCH PERCEPTIONS OF CANNIBALISM IN BORNEO, 1882-1964 Adrienne Smith During Europe’s quest for direct control of Borneo from 1882-1964, British and Dutch explorers penetrated Borneo’s interior to establish colonies. Ex- plorers witnessed elaborate cannibalistic ceremonies. Some Europeans where excited by the existence of cannibals, others used the indigenous tribes’ canni- balistic customs to dehumanize them. This paper asks how British and Dutch travelers viewed cannibalism in Borneo, and why? I will argue that from 1882- 1964 British and Dutch perceptions of cannibalism in Borneo generated ex- ploration, while creating a stigma toward the indigenous people. My research required the use of travelogues in order to reach a better un- derstanding of the European perception of Southeast Asia. Travelogues provide a first-hand account of what colonizers experienced during their attempts to establish colonial rule over the East. The benefit of using travelogues is their representation of European knowledge as a whole during imperialism. The disadvantage of using travelogues, however, is they only focus on European interpretation. The examination of multiple historical approaches gives a better under- standing of Europe’s perceptions of Southeast Asian culture. -
HOICL Volume 3
Historical Origins of International Criminal Law: Volume 3 Morten Bergsmo, CHEAH Wui Ling, SONG Tianying and YI Ping (editors) E-Offprint: Gregory S. Gordon, “International Criminal Law’s ‘Oriental Pre-Birth’: The 1894–1900 Trials of the Siamese, Ottomans and Chinese”, in Morten Bergsmo, CHEAH Wui Ling, SONG Tianying and YI Ping (editors), Historical Origins of International Criminal Law: Volume 3, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, Brussels. This and other books in our FICHL Publication Series may be openly accessed and downloaded through the web site http://www.fichl.org/ which uses Persistent URLs for all publications it makes available (such PURLs will not be changed). Printed copies may be ordered through online and other distributors, including https://www. amazon.co.uk/. This book was first published on 19 November 2015. © Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, 2015 All rights are reserved. You may read, print or download this book or any part of it from http://www.fichl.org/ for personal use, but you may not in any way charge for its use by others, directly or by reproducing it, storing it in a retrieval system, transmitting it, or utilising it in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, in whole or in part, without the prior permission in writing of the copyright holder. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the copyright holder. You must not circulate this book in any other cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer. You must not make this book or any part of it available on the Internet by any other URL than that on http://www.fichl.org/. -
CONFLICTING CONCEPTIONS of the STATE: Siam, France and Vietnam in the Late Nineteenth Century
CONFLICTING CONCEPTIONS OF THE STATE: Siam, France and Vietnam in the Late Nineteenth Century MARTIN STUART-FOX UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND The first advance of French imperialism in Indochina had by ranee of the position of others. This paper seeks to analyze these 1867 gained for France the colony of Cochinchina and a protec conceptions of the state and show how they influenced the torate over some two-thirds of present-day Cambodia. The actions and responses of the three nations involved. Franco-Prussian war and events in Europe briefly distracted French attention from the Far East, but not for long. Once the expedition of Doudart de Lagree and Francis Garnier had CONCEPTIONS OF THE STATE shown conclusively that the Mekong could never serve as "a river road to China," interest shifted to the Red River. Hanoi was Historians of Southeast Asia often face problems in using terms seized in November 1873. Attempts by Vietnamese Emperor Tu drawn from and applicable to European polities and societies to Due to reactivate Vietnam's tributary dependence on China refer to non-European equivalents that do not conform to (1879) only provided an excuse for further French encroach European models. Even terms like "divinity," "kingship," and ments. Tonkin was occupied and brought under French control "power" need to be glossed to bring out regional cultural differ (1883-1885), though resistance of one form or another contin ences, and to reveal the complexities that distinguish non ued well into the 1890s. European from European understanding of relationships and The seizure of Tonkin and imposition of French protection meanings implicit in their connotations.