Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019 ISSN: 2456-9976
Devlopement of Woodcrete From Sawdust And Waste Paper Prof.Vishakha V. Pawar Vishal S. Kadam Mayur P. Salunke Assistant Professor UG Student UG Student Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering GCOERC, Nashik GCOERC,Nashik GCOERC, Nashik [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Sagar S. Sangale Junaid J. Shaikh Taimoor Z. Shaikh UG Student UG Student UG Student Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering GCOERC, Nashik GCOERC, Nashik GCOERC, Nashik [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
ABSTRACT composites combine the properties of both the wood fibre and This study was to develop a new building material, matrix which makes them more valuable to the building Woodcrete, using sawdust, waste paper and lime. The report industry.A number of proposed advantages of developed presents the processing technologies, factors which affect the Woodcrete over other conventional wood composite materials performance of the developed composites, and properties of include better insulation properties, resistance to water Woodcrete. The results showed that lightweight sustainable absorption, fire performance, and strength properties. blocks can be produced with good insulating and other Woodcrete is produced with a binder lime which is known for relevant properties for building construction with density its elasticity, durability (long lasting quality mortars), ranging from 592 to 711.1 kg/m3 and compressive strength workability, vapour permeability, healthy material (natural from 0.30 to 0.91 MPa. The properties were closely related to and solvent-free) when compared to the use of cement. the composition of Woodcrete with an addition of waste paper Woodcrete is made using mixed sawdust and addition of being a dominant influence on both strength and thermal waste paper. It presents the factors which affect the conductivity, reflecting its effect on the structure of composite performance of Woodcrete and its properties in relation to and contribution of self strength of paper fibres. The sawdust and waste paper. By using waste paper, Woodcrete is combined effect of sawdust and waste paper and l lime had a not only reducing the amount of aggregate and binder but also direct effect on the strength properties of Woodcrete. Of making environmentally friendly building materials. significant importance was the contribution of self strength of Woodcrete due to the influence of the size of sawdust particles used. The developed Woodcrete was able to 1.2 Objective: withstand considerable amount of impact load and considered, To make use of ecofriendly materials for like hempcrete, most suitable for wall panelling or other non- construction. and semi-structural applications with good thermal insulating properties. To reduce the use of conventional construction materials which are liable for pollution. Keywords Waste Paper, Sawdust ,Lime, Woodcrete, Comprassive To use the by-products of industry in construction. strength. To make use of economical as well as durable 1. INTRODUCTION material.. Woodcrete is a new material made from sawdust or other wood wastes, waste paper and Lime with consideration for cheaper and locally available materials to meet desired needs, 1.3 Scope of the project: enhance self-efficiency, and lead to an overall reduction in This research aims to develop new building materials construction cost for sustainable development. Wood waste, a “Woodcrete” and define and consider the application of a major constituent of Woodcrete, may be sawdust from the newly developed building material to be used in the sawing of wood or any other wood wastes. Since wood is used construction industry for housing delivery and strength in large quantities in many different sectors and is a part of improvement compared to other existing materials like our everyday lives, the volumes of sawdust and other hempcrete. The scope of this study is limited to the use of recovered wood available are also large. Sawdust could be waste materials only for development of woodcrete material loose particles or wood chippings obtained as by-products for housing delivery. The main reason for limiting the scope from sawing of timber into standard useable sizes. Particles of of this study to use of waste materials include the fact that for wood when held together with an inorganic matrix, like lime affordable housing to be achieved, consideration made to any and cement, form a composite that can be used for different material used for housing delivery needs to be cost effective applications in the construction industry. There are a number and readily available. In addition, limiting the scope to low of merits offered by wood and inorganic binders over some income earners is due to the fact that housing problems across conventional building materials presently used today. These the globe is generally more severe and profound on low income earner than high income earner. Major housing problem is centered on developing countries because of higher 627
Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019 ISSN: 2456-9976 levels of population density, higher population growth rates, to their abundant availability as industrial waste and cheap high levels of migration, higher costs and value of property local construction material. . and land, and higher levels of income and employment disparity which consequently leads to overcrowding, high Ruhal Pervez Memon, Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam, A. S. rents, slums and squatter settlements. Also, issues of housing M. Abdul Awal, Lemar Achekzai - “Mechanical And affordability are of great significance in developing countries Thermal Properties Of Sawdust Concrete ” (2017) than the developed countries The thermal and mechanical properties of sawdust concrete 2. LITERATURE REVIEW were investigated based on a set of experiments. Based on this Mrs Oriyomi M. Okeyinkaa , Dr David A. Olokeb and study the following conclusions can be drawn: 1.Sawdust Prof. Khatib Jamal - “Development Of Environmentally concrete have low workability having slump in the range of Friendly Lightweight Block From Waste Paper.” (May 30 to 40 mm 2. Density of sawdust concrete is less as 2015) :The high consumption of natural resources, such as compared to normal concrete hence it can be regarded as light sand, gravel, clay and wood attributed to the building weight concrete. 3.Among the three mix ratios, the 1:1 ratio construction industry, coupled with the need for affordable performed the best result in terms of strength gain. 4.Despite housing and environmentally sustainable building materials lower strength gain, the concrete with 1:3 mix proportion has led to studies on the possibilities of producing alternative exhibited the best performance in terms of heat transfer; the building materials from wastes. It was found that at the more the sawdust content the lower was the heat transfer. appropriate mixture of waste paper, sand and waste additive Significance outcome of study is that sawdust material can be (binder), the trial specimen displayed an average compressive used in the construction industry as ecofriendly material to strength ranging from a highest of 2.07MPa to a lowest of environment.. 1.3MPa, this strength satisfies the minimum standard strength requirement for non- load bearing masonry block Olugbenga Joseph Oyedepo , Seun Daniel Oluwajana , Sunmbo Peter Akande “Investigation of Properties of Ruhal Pervez Memon, Lemar Achekzai, Abdul Rahman Concrete Using Sawdust as Partial Replacement for Sand” Mohd. Sam , A. S. M. Abdul Awal, Uroosa Memon- (2014) “Performance Of Sawdust Concrete At Elevated Temperature ” (2018) Concrete produced using sawdust as partial replacement of sand has influence on the properties of the concrete. The The results obtained, and the observations made in this study result of the analysis carried out shows that the workability of conclude that sawdust concrete have low workability having concrete with partial replacement of sand with sawdust slump in the range 30mm–40mm. Density of sawdust reduces at constant water-cement ratio; while the use of concrete is less as compared to normal concrete. Among the sawdust in concrete at high percentage of sawdust three-mix ratio, the 1:1 ratio performed the best result in terms replacement of sand affected the strength of the concrete as of strength gain. The sawdust concrete with 1:1 mix there was a decrease in the strength value, and the density proportion exhibited best performance in terms of fire requirement of 1480 to 1840 kg/m3 was not meet. resistance, the more the sawdust content lower was the fire resistance. So, it is regarded as light weight concrete with a 3. METHODOLOGY satisfactory strength and elevated temperature performance. 3.1 Procedure of casting Woodcrete cubes Significance outcome of study is that sawdust material can be used in the construction industry as eco-friendly material. The materials which are ecofriendly and economical were selected F.C. Jorge · C. Pereira · J. M. F. Ferreira -“Wood-cement composites: a review” (2004) The materials were sorted according to the quantity which goes in making a single batch of woodcrete. Wood-cement composites, that are of low cost, have been Lime > Sawdust > Wastepaper Lime was termed regarded as an important contribute to mitigate the housing as Binder Material problem in developing countries . Making wood-cement composites can be a feasible way of recycling wood residues, During fabrication, three different ratios (1:1 , 1:2 , like waste from construction demolitions or preserved wood 1:3 ) of sawdust to binder where used to ascertain out of service, or nonwood residues from agriculture or food the correlation of sawdust and binder processing 375 operations. On the other hand, this kind of composites also offer the possibility of recycling fly ash, as a later 20% and 30% (of total weight) cement was partial replacement for cement. added to a different batch of 1:3 (sawdust to lime) ratio making the proportion 1:3:0.9 and 1:3:1.4 Adebayo Olatunbosun Sojobi - “Evaluation of the (sawdust : lime : cement) performance of eco-friendly lightweight interlocking concrete paving units incorporating sawdust wastes and Mixing of various materials was carried out by first laterite”. (2016) mixing waste paper with water before the addition of all other materials to enable the paper to be This research investigates the performance of sawdust wastes properly wetted and laterite as an alternative lightweight fine aggregate and cementitious material respectively in eco-friendly lightweight After mixing of all materials, light compaction was interlocking concrete paving units (ICPU) using a mix ratio of carried out in the forming mould due to light weight 1:2:4. The lightweight sawdust and laterite were studied due of sawdust. Samples were left to set for 24 hours , 628
Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019 ISSN: 2456-9976
then demoulded and were allowed to dry at room Table no. 1: Mix Proportion, Density and Compression temperature for 7 days Test Result Samp Sawdust Waste Density Compressive Blocks were tested for workability ,fire resistance les -Lime- Paper Strength 3 and compressive strength Cement (%)Of (Kg/m ) 2 Ratio Saw (N/mm ) Dust
1 1:1:0 50 592.6 0.33
2 1:1:0 75 622.2 0.36
3 1:2:0 50 651.8 0.45
4 1:2:0 75 666.7 0.5
5 1:3:0 50 681.5 0.57
6 1:3:0 75 711.1 0.61
7 1:3:0.9 50 595.5 0.8
8 1:3:0.9 75 648.8 0.85 Fig.No.1 Casting of blocks and setting
9 1:3:1.4 50 634.0 0.88
10 1:3:1.4 75 651.8 0.91
Compressive strength (N/mm²)
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 Fig.No 2 Curing in open air Compressive strength (N/mm²)
3.2 Material Used In Woodcrete Cube Fig.No 3 Compressive Strength of samples (N/mm²) Density (Kg/m³) Materials for Ferrocent: 720 700 Sawdust 680 Lime 660 Waste Paper 640 620 Cement 600 3.3 Types of Testing on Woodcrete 580 560 Density, Compressive Strenth, Slump flow ,Fire resistance . 540 520 4. RESULTS S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 4.1 Compressive Strength and Density Density (Kg/m³)
Fig.No 4 Density of samples (Kg/m³) 629
Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019 ISSN: 2456-9976
7 1:3:0.9 40.5 4.1.1 Compressive Strength 8 1:3:0.9 39 9 1:3:1.4 39.5 The increment strength with age could be as a result of 10 1:3:1.4 37 continuity of hydration process. This indicates that compressive strength is lowered with the addition of more sawdust at the earlier age but it will be increased on a later Slump Flow Value (mm) age of woodcrete. A 150 mm x 150mm x150 mm cubes were 50 45 prepared using 1:1. 1:2 and 1:3 sawdust to lime ratio with 40 water/sawdust ratio of 1.00. The maximum average 35 30 compressive strength of 0.91 MPa was recorded for 1:3:1.4 25 sawdust to lime to cement ratio sample at 7 days. 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Slump Flow Value (mm) Fig No 6 Slump Flow Value of Samples (mm)
From the results, all the slumps of fresh Woodcrete were within the limit range between 30 – 50 mm. It can be seen that addition of sawdust tends to decrease the slump value. Thus, the result reveals that sawdust decreased the workability. Workability is reduced due to addition of lightweight aggregate that is sawdust.
4.3 Fires Resistance Test
The test was conducted on the Woodcrete specimen a of (150mmx150mmx150mm) cube after 7th days of curing, electric oven is used for keeping the samples, where temperature increase at the rate of 10 °c/min in order to achieve desire temperature. Fig No 5 : Compression Testing 4.3.1 Influence of Temperature on Woodcrete 4.1.2 Density Weight It can be observed that loss in weight increase as the It is observed that the density of WoodCrete blocks was temperature increase of test samples. In the initial region i.e., closely related to the composition of sawdust, waste paper the loss in weight of Woodcrete samples is less up to 200℃. ,lime and cement (Table 1). Overall the density of Woodcrete The loss observed in this region is due to moisture movement decreases with the increase of the sawdust added. For S-series from Woodcrete surface to the surrounding environment. of Woodcrete, an increase in waste paper from 50 to 75% Change in harden properties of sawdust is due to expose of weight of sawdust resulted in a consistent increase in the sample in high elevated temperature. Due to high absorption density of Woodcrete. Woodcrete composites made from of water by sawdust particles and paper it causes more loss in sawdust wastepaper lime and cement shows a reduction from weight. 711.1 to 595.5 kg/m3 when cement was added as 0.9 weight of sawdust. 4.2 Slump Cone Test CONCLUSION This study was to develop a new building material, Table no. 2: Slump Cone Test Result Woodcrete, using sawdust, waste paper and lime. The report Sample Sawdust-Lime- Slump Flow presents the processing technologies, factors which affect the performance of the developed composites, and properties of No. cement Ratio Value (mm) Woodcrete. The results showed that lightweight sustainable blocks can be produced with good insulating and other relevant properties for building construction with density 1 1:1:0 46 ranging from 592 to 711.1 kg/m3 and compressive strength 2 1:1:0 43 from 0.30 to 0.91 MPa. The properties were closely related to 3 1:2:0 42 the composition of Woodcrete with an addition of waste paper 4 1:2:0 40.5 being a dominant influence on both strength and thermal 5 1:3:0 36 conductivity, reflecting its effect on the structure of composite and contribution of self strength of paper fibres.Considering 6 1:3:0 33 the desirable compressive strength displayed by the tested 630
Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019 ISSN: 2456-9976 specimen, it is a clear indication that by using appropriate mix proportion of the constituent material involved in this experimentation, an environmentally friendly, non load bearing, lightweight block with desirable strength properties can be produce with the use of less natural resources. The behavior of sawdust concrete was investigated based on a set of experiments with various lime to sawdust ratios, by volume was made. The results obtained, and the observations made in this study conclude that sawdust concrete have low workability having slump in the range 30mm–50mm. Density of Woodcrete is less as compared to normal concrete. REFERENCES [1] Mrs Oriyomi M. Okeyinkaa , Dr David A. Olokeb and Prof. Khatib Jamal “Development Of Environmentally Friendly Lightweight Block From Waste Paper.” 2nd International Sustainable Buildings Symposium, May 2015 (ISBS Ankara - Turkiye ) 407-411 [2] Ruhal Pervez Memon, Lemar Achekzai, Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam , A. S. M. Abdul Awal, Uroosa Memon “Performance Of Sawdust Concrete At Elevated Temperature ” Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering) 80:1 (2018) 165–171 [3] F.C. Jorge · C. Pereira · J. M. F. Ferreira “Wood- cement composites: a review” Holz Roh Werkst (2004) 62:370–377 [4] Adebayo Olatunbosun Sojobi “Evaluation of the performance of eco-friendly lightweight interlocking concrete paving units incorporating sawdust wastes and laterite”. Cogent Engineering (2016), 3: 125516 [5] Ruhal Pervez Memon, Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam, A. S. M. Abdul Awal, Lemar Achekzai “Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Sawdust Concrete”Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering) 79:6 (2017) 23–27 [6] Olugbenga Joseph Oyedepo , Seun Daniel Oluwajana , Sunmbo Peter Akande “Investigation of Properties of Concrete Using Sawdust as Partial Replacement for Sand” ISSN 2224-5790 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0514 (Online) Vol.6, No.2, 2014.
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