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Mass Rearing of Juvenile Fish ICES mar. Sei. Symp., 201: 143-147. 1995 Polish experiments on stimulated hatching and large-scale rearing of European coregonid larvae (Coregonidae) on dry diets Andrzej Mamcarz, Jacek Kozlowski, Pawel Poczyczynski, Lucjan Chybowski. and Dariusz Dostatni Mamcarz, A., Kozlowski, J., Poczyczynski, P., Chybowski, L., and Dostatni, D. 1995. Polish experiments on stimulated hatching and large-scale rearing of European coregonid larvae (Coregonidae) on dry diets. - ICES mar. Sei. Symp., 201: 143-147. Studies carried out in Poland on the mass rearing of European coregonid larvae (Coregonus lavaretus L., Coregonus albula L., and Coregonuspeled Gmelin) on dry starter diets are summarized. The experiments were carried out between 1987 and 1991 at Warlity Commercial Hatchery (State Fishery Farm, Olsztyn, Poland) and Dgal Experimental Hatchery (Inland Fishery Institute, Olsztyn). Thermal stimulation ac­ celerated the hatching of larvae by about 3 weeks compared to hatching in commercial hatcheries. Larvae were reared in tanks (240,400, and 800 dm 3 volumes) at densities ranging from 52 to 146 specimens dm~3. Mean water temperature during rearing experiments was 15-17°C. After 18-25 days of rearing C. peled Gmelin and C. lavaretus L ., the larvae reached an average body weight of 35-44 mg and survival was 71 and 92%, respectively. After 23 days, the larvae of C. albula L. reached 8 mg body weight and survival was 64%. According to the present results, it is possible to accelerate early mass rearing of coregonid larvae in intensive systems by thermal stimulation of hatching. A. Mamcarz, J. Kozlowski, P. Poczyczynski, andD. Dostatni: Department of Fisher­ ies, University o f Agriculture and Technology, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland [tel: (+48) 8923 33 88, fax: (+48) 89 23 39 69], Lucjan Chybowski: Inland Fishery Institute, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland [tel: (+48) 892731 71], Introduction commercial scale, thermal stimulation was used to accel­ erate the hatching-time of larvae for rearing purposes. In order to maintain Coregonus sp. populations, many lakes in the northern hemisphere are intensively stocked with newly hatched larvae. In the wild, coregonid Materials and methods embryos hatch in spring immediately after the ice cover Origin of larvae and stimulation of hatching is gone, and the larvae are faced with low temperatures and a scarcity of food, causing low survival rates. Stock­ Two to three days before the planned period of stimu­ ing success depends, among other factors, on the size of lated hatching, the batches of coregonid eyed eggs were the stocking material (Flüchter, 1980), and a higher taken from the Swaderki and Doliwy commercial cool- survival rate is achieved by stocking with pre-fed larvae. water hatcheries and transferred to 3 dm-3 volume glass Coregonids can be reared on dry food exclusively incubation jars (Weiss type) at Warlity Commercial (Rösch, 1992). Good results of recent experiments on Hatcher (in 1987-1989) and at Dgal Experimental Hat­ intensive cultures of coregonids fed on a dry diet (Har­ chery (in 1990-1991). Both hatcheries were equipped ris, 1992; Rissanen and Koskela, 1992) create possi­ with water recirculation and thermal regulation systems. bilities of introducing fully-intensive production for The eggs incubated earlier in a water temperature of 4°C stocking programmes. The objective of the present work were gradually (at a rate of 2°C h_1) transferred to 16°C was to summarize the Polish experiments on the mass and the hatching period lasted 1 week (Fig. 1). Newly rearing of coregonid (Coregonus lavaretus, C. peled, and hatched larvae from separate batches of eggs were C. albula) larvae with the use of dry diets carried out in placed in the rearing tanks. Three studied larvae species 1987-1991. In these experiments, conducted in semi­ differed in size after hatching. The mean total length and 144 A. Mamcarz et al. ic e s mar. sd.symp.. 201(1995) 16 14 - à c - 1991 1990 -ED- 1989 — K - 1987 com O 12 03 3 10 2 S. 8 E S. £ 0 40 80 120 160 Days of incubation Figure 1. Typical coregonid incubation profile in commercial hatchery (com.) and in different years of experiments on thermally stimulated hatching. Table 1. Mass rearing of coregonid larvae in tanks on dry food. Groups with superscript marks are chosen for growth and mortality presentation (Figs. 2 and 3). Tank Catch Initial T Vol. Flow density Age Biomass SGR Survival (°C) (dm-3) (d m ^ m in “1) (ndm ~3) (d) (mg d m 3) (% d ‘) (%) Coregonus lavaretus (Warlity Hatchery, 1987) 16 240 10 53 18 760 7.3 71.3 16 240 10 74 18 1052* 7.0 75.2 16 240 10 78 18 986 6.9 68.3 16 240 10 79 18 818 6.2 63.3 16 240 10 84 18 860 6.6 57.7 16 240 10 93 18 1042 6.4 66.2 Coregonus lavaretus (Dgal Hatchery, 1990) 17 800 30 43 20 1752 10.5 92.3 17 800 30 54 20 1814* 9.8 89.1 Coregonus peled (Warlity Hatchery, 1988) 16 240 15 91 25 1455 9.1 59.3 16 240 15 97 25 1981* 9.4 71.5 16 240 15 97 25 1873 9.1 71.0 Coregonus peled (Warlity Hatchery, 1989) 16 240 15 52 19 365 8.3 28.9 16 240 15 64 19 194 7.6 14.1 16 240 15 66 19 841 10.3 36.6 16 240 15 67 19 387 9.0 20.9 16 240 15 92 19 1 105 8.9 44.9 16 240 15 108 19 1385* 7.0 68.3 Coregonus albula (Dgal Hatchery, 1991) 15 400 30 146 23 735* 5.3 64.3 ICES mar. Sei. Symp., 201 (1995) Rearing of European coregonid larvae 145 Table 2. Proximate and amino acid composition of tered, re-circulated, and sterilized by U.V. radiation. experimental diet (after Poczyczynski et al., 1990). The water flow-rate was from 10 to 30dm_3min_1 for each rearing unit. The water temperature during the Component Percent of dry matter following experiments ranged from 15 to 17°C. A con­ Dry matter 88.22 stant light cycle was used (illumination from 0700 until Protein 44.62 1900). During illumination, larvae were fed to satiation Lipid 8.92 every 1.5 min by automatic feeders. The tanks were Ash 7.81 cleaned daily at the end of the afternoon by siphoning off Amino acid dead fish. Initial stocking density ranged from 52 to 146 Phe L.72 larvae per dm-3 (Table 1). Tyr 1.18 Leu 2.76 lieu 1.47 Met 1.01 Feeding Val 1.70 Ala 2.27 Food was provided from the first day of rearing. Larvae Gly 1.96 were reared solely on dry food - diet no. 5 described by Pro 1.97 Poczyczynski et al. (1990). The dry food composition Glu 1.96 Ser 2.00 was as follows: yeast 50%, beef liver 36%, vitamin mix Thr 1.92 5%, wheat meal 4%, whale oil 2% , soya oil 2%, and Asp 3.68 mineral mix 1 %. The proximate and amino acid compo­ Arg 1.80 sition of the dry diet are presented in Table 2. His 0.92 Lys 2.68 Cys - Growth and production Samples (n = 50) of fish were taken every 3-4 days and weight were 10.5 mm and 5.3mg for C. lavaretus, preserved in 4% formaldehyde. Larvae were weighed 9.2 mm and 2.7 mg for C. peled, and 8.7 mm and 2.3 mg and measured. Mortality was registered every day by for C. albula. recording removed fish. Specific growth rate (SGR) was calculated using the formula: SGR = 100 (In final Rearing systems weight - In initial weight)/number of days. The best Larvae were reared in plastic tanks of 240, 400, and experimental results (the highest fish biomass in the 800 dm-3 volumes (Table 1) supplied with water fil­ rearing - Table 1) are presented in Figures 2 and 3. CD E ■o o m 10 - 0 5 10 15 20 25 Days of rearing Figure 2. Growth in body weight of coregonid larvae reared in tanks on dry food. 1 = Coregonus lavaretus (1987), 2 = Coregonus lavaretus (1990), 3 = Coregonus peled (1988), 4 = Coregonus peled (1989), 5 = Coregonus albula (1991). 146 A. Mamcarz et al. ICES mar. Sei. Symp., 201 (1995) 30 £ 25 « 20 0 1 15 1 10 E O R 0 5 10 15 20 25 Days of rearing Figure 3. Cumulative mortality of coregonid larvae reared in tanks on dry food. Notation as in Figure 2. Results ease) observed in all tanks. The final survival at the end of rearing was generally high (57-92%) (Table 1). Growth and biomass During the following 5 years, over 245 000 pre-fed cor­ After 18-25 days of rearing, the total biomass of larvae egonid larvae were reared in 2-6 tanks. varied from 194 to 1981 mg dm-3, depending on initial density and water temperature (Table 1). The greatest individual weight and biomass of C. lavaretus were ob­ Discussion tained at 17°C (Dgal Hatchery in 1990). On the 20th day In Polish coregonid hatcheries the water temperature the average weight of larvae reached 38.0-43.8 mg and decreases gradually in autumn (when spawning begins) biomass 1752-1814 mg dm-3 (Fig. 2, Table 1). Gener­ and remains low (1°C or less) during winter. During ally, the better results obtained in Dgal Hatchery were spring thaw, water temperature rises quickly and mass affected by the use of greater tank volumes and water- hatching of coregonids occurs (Fig. 1). In different hat­ flow.
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