GEORGIA Strengthening Conformity Assessment for Fruits and Vegetables
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Wichtiger HINWEIS ! Innerhalb der Schutzzone (hellblauer Rahmen) darf kein anderes Element platziert werden! Ebenso darf der Abstand zu Format- resp. Papierrand die Schutzzone nicht verletzen! Hellblauen Rahmen der Schutzzone nie drucken! Siehe auch Handbuch „Corporate Design der Schweizerischen Bundesverwaltung“ Kapitel „Grundlagen“, 1.5 / Schutzzone www. cdbund.admin.ch G GLOBAL QUALITY AND STANDARDS PROGRAMME GEORGIA Strengthening conformity assessment for fruits and vegetables VALUE CHAIN STUDY 1 Value Chain Analysis of Fruits and Vegetables in Georgia with focus on quality and compliance infrastructure, economic, social and sustainability requirements ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This publication has been prepared by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) within the framework of the Global Quality and Standards Programme (GQSP) under the overall guidance of the GQSP programme coordinator and project manager, Ms. Dorina Nati. Technical inputs were provided and coordinated by Ms. Nino Manvelidze, National Technical Advisor. The publication is based on the study of the Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH). Special appreciation goes to the research team consisting of Dominic Blaettler, Ekaterine Burkadze, Pia Fehle, Salome Gelashvili, Phatima Mamardashvili, Sophie Marchesi, and Susan Zuelli. The development of this publication benefitted greatly from the valuable inputs, reviews and constructive comments received from all the main stakeholders of the project, particularly the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture (MEPA) of Georgia. Special thanks goes to all the people who shared their precious knowledge, experience and opinions in the frame of interviews, meetings and workshops. Publication design by Radhika Nathwani. We acknowledge the financial support to this mandate on part of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), and the institutional support on part of BFH-HAFL. Disclaimer This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. Table of content LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................................8 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.....................................................................................................9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................................................................12 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................15 2 METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................16 2.1 SELECTION OF PRODUCTS FOR IN-DEPTH STUDIES ..................................................... 17 2.2 DEFINITION OF GAPS AND POTENTIALS ......................................................................... 17 3 GLOBAL FRUITS AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION AND TRADE....19 3.1 GLOBAL F&V PRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 19 3.2 GLOBAL F&V TRADE ........................................................................................................... 19 3.3 EU PRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 20 3.4 EU TRADE ............................................................................................................................ 21 3.5 TRENDS ............................................................................................................................... 22 4 EU MARKET REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................25 4.1 DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................... 25 4.2 EU FOOD LEGISLATION ...................................................................................................... 25 4.3 FOOD SAFETY ...................................................................................................................... 26 4.4 PLANT HEALTH .................................................................................................................... 28 4.5 MARKETING STANDARDS .................................................................................................. 28 4.6 FOOD COMPOSITION REQUESTS ..................................................................................... 29 4.7 FOOD CONTACT MATERIALS INCL. PACKAGING ............................................................. 30 4.8 LABELLING .......................................................................................................................... 30 4.9 CUSTOMS CLEARANCE ...................................................................................................... 31 4.10 COMMON VOLUNTARY STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAMMES ................ 32 5 THE GEORGIAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLE SECTOR............................. 36 5.1 GENERAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN GEORGIA ........................................................ 36 5.2 GEORGIAN F&V PRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 39 LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................................8 5.3 GEORGIAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLE EXPORTS .............................................................. 40 5.4 ASSOCIATIONS ................................................................................................................... 43 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................8 5.5 RELEVANT SUPPORT SCHEMES ........................................................................................ 44 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.....................................................................................................9 6 IN-DEPTH VALUE CHAIN STUDIES ................................................................... 53 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................................................................12 6.1 APPLES ................................................................................................................................ 53 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................15 6.2 BLUEBERRIES ...................................................................................................................... 60 ................................................................................................................. 2 METHODOLOGY 16 6.3 WALNUTS ............................................................................................................................. 66 ..................................................... 2.1 SELECTION OF PRODUCTS FOR IN-DEPTH STUDIES 17 6.4 GREENS ................................................................................................................................ 72 2.2 DEFINITION OF GAPS AND POTENTIALS ......................................................................... 17 7 THE GEORGIAN QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE..........................................81 3 GLOBAL FRUITS AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION AND TRADE....19 7.1 KEY GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS .................................................................................. 82 3.1 GLOBAL F&V PRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 19 7.2 SUPPORTIVE GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS .............................................................. 84 3.2 GLOBAL F&V TRADE ........................................................................................................... 19 7.3 TESTING (AND CALIBRATION) LABORATORIES .............................................................. 86 3.3 EU PRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 20 7.4 CERTIFICATION BODIES AND CONSULTING COMPANIES ............................................. 93 3.4 EU TRADE ............................................................................................................................ 21 7.5 MARKET SURVEILLANCE AND INSPECTION BODIES ..................................................... 97 ............................................................................................................................... 3.5 TRENDS 22 7.6 EDUCATIONAL