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Animal Metropolis Interior Regina.Indd ANIMAL METROPOLIS: HISTORIES OF HUMAN- ANIMAL RELATIONS IN URBAN CANADA Edited by Joanna Dean, Darcy Ingram, and Christabelle Sethna ISBN 978-1-55238-865-5 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. COPYRIGHT NOTICE: This open-access work is published under a Creative Commons licence. This means that you are free to copy, distribute, display or perform the work as long as you clearly attribute the work to its authors and publisher, that you do not use this work for any commercial gain in any form, and that you in no way alter, transform, or build on the work outside of its use in normal academic scholarship without our express permission. If you want to reuse or distribute the work, you must inform its new audience of the licence terms of this work. For more information, see details of the Creative Commons licence at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ UNDER THE CREATIVE UNDER THE CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE YOU COMMONS LICENCE YOU MAY NOT: MAY: • gain financially from the work in any way; • read and store this • sell the work or seek monies in relation to the distribution document free of charge; of the work; • distribute it for personal • use the work in any commercial activity of any kind; use free of charge; • profit a third party indirectly via use or distribution of • print sections of the work the work; for personal use; • distribute in or through a commercial body (with • read or perform parts of the exception of academic usage within educational the work in a context where institutions such as schools and universities); no financial transactions • reproduce, distribute, or store the cover image outside take place. of its function as a cover of this work; • alter or build on the work outside of normal academic scholarship. Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the wording around open access used by Australian publisher, re.press, and thank them for giving us permission to adapt their wording to our policy http://www.re-press.org EDITED BY Joanna Dean, Darcy Ingram, and Christabelle Sethna ANIMAL METROPOLIS HISTORIES OF HUMAN-ANIMAL RELATIONS IN URBAN CANADA ANIMAL METROPOLIS Canadian History and Environment Series Alan MacEachern, Series Editor ISSN 1925-3702 (Print) ISSN 1925-3710 (Online) The Canadian History & Environment series brings together scholars from across the academy and beyond to explore the relationships between people and nature in Canada’s past. Alan MacEachern, Founding Director NiCHE: Network in Canadian History & Environment Nouvelle initiative canadienne en histoire de l’environnement http://niche-canada.org No. 1 ∙ A Century of Parks Canada, 1911–2011 Edited by Claire Elizabeth Campbell No. 2 ∙ Historical GIS Research in Canada Edited by Jennifer Bonnell and Marcel Fortin No. 3 ∙ Mining and Communities in Northern Canada: History, Politics, and Memory Edited by Arn Keeling and John Sandlos No. 4 ∙ Canadian Countercultures and the Environment Edited by Colin M. Coates No. 5 ∙ Moving Natures: Mobility and the Environment in Canadian History Edited by Ben Bradley, Jay Young, and Colin M. Coates No. 6 ∙ Border Flows: A Century of the Canadian-American Water Relationship Edited by Lynne Heasley and Daniel Macfarlane No. 7 ∙ Ice Blink: Navigating Northern Environmental History Edited by Stephen Bocking and Brad Martin No. 8 ∙ Animal Metropolis: Histories of Human-Animal Relations in Urban Canada Edited by Joanna Dean, Darcy Ingram, and Christabelle Sethna EDITED BY Joanna Dean, Darcy Ingram, and Christabelle Sethna ANIMAL METROPOLIS HISTORIES OF HUMAN-ANIMAL RELATIONS IN URBAN CANADA Canadian History and Environment Series ISSN 1925-3702 (Print) ISSN 1925-3710 (Online) © 2017 Joanna Dean, Darcy Ingram, and Christabelle Sethna University of Calgary Press 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Alberta Canada T2N 1N4 press.ucalgary.ca This book is available as an ebook which is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The publisher should be contacted for any commercial use which falls outside the terms of that license. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Animal metropolis : histories of human-animal relations in urban Canada / edited by Joanna Dean, Darcy Ingram, and Christabelle Sethna. (Canadian history and environment series ; 8) Includes index. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-1-55238-864-8 (softcover).—ISBN 978-1-55238-865-5 (open access PDF).— ISBN 978-1-55238-866-2 (PDF).—ISBN 978-1-55238-867-9 (EPUB).— ISBN 978-1-55238-868-6 (Kindle) 1. Human-animal relationships—Canada. 2. Human-animal relationships— Canada--History. 3. Urban animals—Canada. 4. Urban animals—Canada— History. 5. Animals and civilization—Canada. 6. Animals and civilization— Canada—History. 7. Urban ecology (Sociology)—Canada. 8. Urban ecology (Sociology)—Canada—History. 9. Urban wildlife management—Canada. 10. Urban wildlife management—Canada—History. I. Dean, Joanna, editor II. Ingram, Darcy, editor III. Sethna, Christabelle Laura, 1961-, editor IV. Series: Canadian history and environment series ; 8 QL85.A546 2017 304.2’70971 C2017-900231-7 C2017-900232-5 The University of Calgary Press acknowledges the support of the Government of Alberta through the Alberta Media Fund for our publications. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada. We acknowledge the financial support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Front cover art: “Sovereign” by Mary Anne Barkhouse Copyediting by Peter Enman Cover design, page design, and typesetting by Melina Cusano Table of Contents Illustrations vii Tables xii Acknowledgements xiii Introduction: Canamalia Urbanis 1 Darcy Ingram, Christabelle Sethna, and Joanna Dean 1. The Memory of an Elephant: Savagery, Civilization, and 29 Spectacle Christabelle Sethna 2. The Urban Horse and the Shaping of Montreal, 1840–1914 57 Sherry Olson 3. Wild Things: Taming Canada’s Animal Welfare Movement 87 Darcy Ingram 4. Fish out of Water: Fish Exhibition in Late Nineteenth-Century 115 Canada William Knight 5. The Beavers of Stanley Park 139 Rachel Poliquin v 6. Species at Risk: C. Tetani, the Horse, and the Human 155 Joanna Dean 7. Got Milk? Dirty Cows, Unfit Mothers, and Infant Mortality, 189 1880–1940 Carla Hustak 8. Howl: The 1952–56 Rabies Crisis and the Creation of the Urban 219 Wild at Banff George Colpitts 9. Arctic Capital: Managing Polar Bears in Churchill, Manitoba 255 Kristoffer Archibald 10. Cetaceans in the City: Orca Captivity, Animal Rights, and 285 Environmental Values in Vancouver Jason Colby Epilogue: Why Animals Matter in Urban History, or Why Cities 309 Matter in Animal History Sean Kheraj Contributors 325 Index 329 vi ANIMAL METROPOLIS Illustrations 1.1 T.H. Scott. Jumbo the elephant’s dead body with onlookers. Photograph. C6 Sh6 B2 F5 #8: Andersons Limited Jumbo postcard, ca. 1930. Courtesy of Elgin County Archives. 1.2 Display of Jumbo’s stomach contents. Photograph. Courtesy of Elgin County Museum. 1.3 Ringling Brothers Circus Parade in St. Thomas. Photograph. Rll SS Sh3 Bl F52 Parade of Circus Elephants ca. 1895, Ian D. Cameron Collection, R. 110. Courtesy of Elgin County Archives. 1.4 Jumbo 100 Years Bumper Sticker. Colour illustration of elephant and train 1885-1985. Courtesy of Elgin County Archives. 1.5 Jumbo monument surrounded by onlookers. Photograph. P 79: Jumbo Monument, ca. 1985. Courtesy of Elgin County Archives. 2.1 Public carriage, Montreal, QC, about 1875. Photograph. Notman Collection, McCord Museum, VIEW-1063.1. 2.2 Drawing hay to market across the St. Lawrence River, QC, 1903. Photograph. Notman Collection, McCord Museum, VIEW-3618. 2.3 John Henry Walker. Horse and rider at gate, Look out for the Engine. Drawing. McCord Museum, M991X.5.727. 2.4 John Henry Walker. W. M. Mooney & Co., Horse Shoe Nail Works. Wood engraving. McCord Museum, M930.50.3.249. vii 2.5 Cart entrance under a terrace of houses built ca 1871 on Mountain Street near Wellington. Photograph. Courtesy of Jason Gilliland. 2.6 Cartways per thousand households by district, Montreal, 1912. Re- created in MAP layers after Atlas of C.E. Goad 1912 and Census of 1901 population estimates. Map by Sherry Olson. 2.7 Mr. Wray’s horse and sleigh, Montreal, QC, 1870. Photograph. William Notman, McCord Museum, I-44209.1. 2.8 Sick Horses, the Doctor’s Visit, 1872. Published in L’Opinion publique, 7 November 1872. Lithograph. McCord Museum, M985.230.5073.2. 3.1 H. Hardy. “Thoroughbred.” Painting reproduced in J. George Hodgins, ed., Aims and Objects of the Toronto Humane Society (Toronto: W. Briggs, 1888). 3.2 Canadian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) Ladies’ Humane Education Committee. Fourth Annual Report. (Montreal: Protestant Institution for Deaf-Mutes, 1873). 4.1 Report of Fish-Breeding in the Dominion of Canada, 1877. (Ottawa, Queen’s Printer, 1878) 24-26.
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