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Advances in Biological Sciences Research, volume 11 Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Tropical Studies (JSTS-19) West Papua Mangrove Management Strategy (Case Study of Oransbari Mangrove Area in South Manokwari Regency) Onasius Pieter Moze Matani1,* Marlon Ivanhoe Aipassa1 Sigit Hardwinarto1 Muhammad Sumaryono1 1Postgraduate Program of the Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University. Samarinda, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study aims to identify internal factors, namely strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats in managing mangrove areas. Furthermore, identifying internal and external factors is mapped in SWOT Analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats) and AHP Analysis (Analysis Hierarchy Process) to ensure appropriate management strategies and designs to protect and preserve West Papua mangrove areas. The results showed that the factors resulted in the mangrove area’s management strategy: (1) SO strategy, utilization of regional potential to improve the community’s welfare with a comparative value of 0.550. ( 2) ST strategy, social-cultural value and economic benefits to protecting the region with a comparative value of 0.540. The combination of external factors resulting in regional management strategies are (1) WO strategy, take advantage of government support for the improvement of facilities and infrastructure, provision of human resources managers with a comparative value of 0.540, (2) WT strategy, intervention in providing economic alternatives for local communities with a comparative value of 0.590. Combining various mangrove management strategies is an essential recommendation for the local Government and all parties in managing the West Papua mangrove area. In the future, efforts to preserve mangrove natural resources can be made while maintaining ecological and economic balance. Keywords: Management Strategy, Internal and External Factors, Mangrove Areas, SWOT Analysis, Analytical Hierarchy Process 1. INTRODUCTION concerning The Management of Protected Areas, it is mentioned that mangrove forested coastal areas are One of the mangrove areas in West Papua is the coastal areas that are natural habitats that serve to protect Oransbari Mangrove Area in South Manokwari coastal and ocean life. Regency. Land cover map based on Landsat image analysis results in 2017 of 149.3 Ha (primary Meanwhile, according to Presidential Regulation No. mangrove) and 329.4 Ha (secondary mangrove). The 12 of 2012, to establish the right management strategy, area’s location is very strategic, on homecoming comprehensive data and information are needed as the transportation, community economy, settlements and basis for planning management and utilization to urban development in South Manokwari Regency. improve the community’s welfare. Some research that Development activities in South Manokwari Regency, a has been done in the mangrove area of Oransbari are New Autonomous Region, have a real impact on the still limited to the disclosure of the wealth of flora and region. The pressures in question are the retrieval and fauna and the condition of the surrounding community. theft of mangrove resources, the opening of areas for No research has yet been able to provide alternative boat moorings and coconut plantations, the construction management recommendations for the region in the plan of container ports, illegal logging and settlements future, so this research is expected to provide alternative [1]. According to Presidential Decree No. 32 of 1990 recommendations in planning this area’s management Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 263 Advances in Biological Sciences Research, volume 11 Figure 1 Map of Oransbari Mangrove Area in South Manokwari Regency so that its ecological and economic functions can run in people living in and around the region, interviews were a balanced manner. conducted on three groups of fishermen who are assumed to have an interest in the area. Secondary data 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS is obtained through the collection of various literature from various institutions and universities. 2.1. Data Collection 2.2. Data Analysis The research was conducted in Oransbari Mangrove Area in South Manokwari Regency. The research time The data was analyzed in 2 stages, namely SWOT lasted for 7 (seven) months, from March 3 to September analysis and continued with AHP. Analysis with SWOT 20, 2016. The area of this area, according to the land is carried out to obtain internal and external factors, then cover map in 2016, is 149.3 Ha with a geographical continued with AHP analysis to weight and position of 0º55’54” - 0º56’33” LS and 134º00’36” - strengthened the strategy formulation obtained through 134º01’15 BT (Figure 1). The data collected consists of SWOT strategy. Furthermore, AHP weighting results are primary data and secondary data. The primary data was used as a result of recommendations for mangrove obtained by semi-structured interviews (using management to weigh priority. questionnaires) to identify critical factors, internal factors and external factors in mangrove management in Oransbari. Respondents included communities around the mangrove area utilizing mangrove resources, regional managers, the Environment Agency of South Manokwari Regency, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda), the Remu Ransiki River Area Management Agency, Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam (BKSDA) of South Manokwari, the Climate Change Control Agency, fishing groups, universities, and non-governmental organization (NGO). After the internal and external factors are known, focus group discussion (FGD) is carried out to determine the mangrove management strategy agreed by the parties concerned with the Oransbari mangrove area’s existence. In this study, to assess the perception of 264 Advances in Biological Sciences Research, volume 11 Figure 2 Mangrove vegetation in Oransbari Area Figure 3 Utilization of Oransbari mangrove area factors (including sub-factors of strength and weakness) 2.2.1. SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, and external environment (covering the sub-factors of Opportunities, and Threats) opportunity and threat). The stages carried out consist of (1) the data retrieval stage is the evaluation of internal SWOT analysis is used to systematically identify and external factors, (2) the analysis stage is the various factors to formulate multiple management creation of an internal and external factor evaluation strategies that form the basis for managing and utilizing, matrix as well as a TOWS/SWOT matrix (3) decision- and preserving the Oransbari mangrove area. The making stage. elements in question consist of internal environmental 265 Advances in Biological Sciences Research, volume 11 2.2.2. AHP Analysis (Analytical Hierarchy 3.1. Internal and External Strategic Factors of Process) Mangrove Management in the Oransbari Area AHP is an analysis used in decision making with a system approach where decision-makers try to Based on SWOT analysis results, obtained understand a system condition and make predictions identification and evaluation of internal strategic in making decisions [2]. The decision-making process factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external strategic is choosing an alternative. The leading equipment of factors (opportunities and threats) management of AHP is a functional hierarchy, with its primary input Oransbari Mangrove Area. The identification results are being human perception. With AHP, a complex and presented in Table 1. Based on IFE (Internal Factor unstructured problem solved into its groups; the group is Evaluation) matrix and EFE (External Factor organized into a hierarchy. The use of AHP is intended Evaluation) matrix in Table 1, it can be known the for the process of tracing questions to help decision- internal and external position of Oransbari making choose the best strategy by (1) observe and re- Mangrove Area management efforts as follows examine the objectives and alternative approaches or (Figure 4). ways of acting to achieve goals, in this case, acceptable policy, (2) quantitatively comparing in terms of Figure 4 indicates that the management position of cost/economy, benefits and risks of each alternative, (3) the Oransbari mangrove area is in quadrant III. This choose the best option to implement, (4) making policy suggests that the Oransbari Mangrove Area strategies for mangrove area management optimally, by management has many opportunities (based on the total determining the priority of activities, where the use of threat-chance-factor score of 2.04 above the average of AHP to give weight or priority strategy of SWOT results 2) and faces a considerable weakness (based on the total carried out on the problems of mangrove area Oransbari. score of the strength-weakness factor of -0.60). Given It can then be recommended as a management strategy these conditions, the strategy must be done to take by all stakeholders. advantage of opportunities to overcome weaknesses (WO Strategy) through diversification strategies 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION (Marimin, 2004). Wo’s strategy aims to rectify internal shortcomings by exploiting opportunities from outside Figure 2 shows the mangrove forest area, which is environments. Any options that cannot be fulfilled due administratively located in the Oransbari District. Based to lack of them must be sought out by utilizing other
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