Statia Morning Glory (Ipomoea sphenophylla)

A study on the growing conditions, distribution and propagation of Ipomoea sphenophylla on Sint Eustatius

Sheila de Leeuw, National Park Intern (Feb 2014 – Jun 2014) On behalf of Sint Eustatius National Parks (STENAPA) 25 September 2014

Contents Introduction ...... 3 1. Factsheet Statia Morning Glory (Ipomoea sphenophylla) ...... 4 1.1 Distribution ...... 4 1.2 History ...... 4 1.3 Previous propagation experiments ...... 4 1.3.1 Hortus Botanicus ...... 4

1.3.2 Sint Eustatius ...... 5

2. Methodology ...... 6 2.1 Growing conditions ...... 6 2.2 Distribution ...... 6 2.3 Germination ...... 6 3. Results ...... 7 3.1 Growing conditions ...... 7 3.1.1 Elevation ...... 7

3.1.2 Slope orientation ...... 7

3.1.3 Slope percentage ...... 8

3.1.4 Height ...... 8

3.1.5 Vegetation cover ...... 9

3.1.6 Trees/Shrubs SMG grows on ...... 9

3.1.7 Soil pH ...... 10

3.2 Distribution map ...... 11 3.3 Propagation ...... 12 4. Conclusion & discussion ...... 13 5. Recommendation ...... 14 Bibliography ...... 15 Appendix ...... 16 A: Statia morning Glory location coordinates (Location 2014) ...... 16 B: Statia morning Glory location coordinates (Location previous inventories) ...... 17 C: Datasheet fieldwork ...... 18 Introduction

Statia Morning Glory (Ipomoea sphenophylla) is one of two endemic species found on the island of Sint Eustatius. The is currently found in the northern hills of Sint Eustatius, in a dry evergreen forest. It also grows at lower elevations, one (cultivated) plant is found on Mr. Ishmael Berkel’s property next to the Seventh Day Adventist school, Lynch plantation. This indicates that the plant can possibly grow in other environments on the island than the Northern hills. Since Statia Morning Glory (SMG) is an endemic plant, it is of great importance to protect this rare species. At the moment the plant is not endangered, however the geographical range of the plant is very small and this makes the plant more vulnerable to becoming endangered or, in the worst case, extinct.

In the past, different experiments were conducted relating to the propagation of SMG. In Leiden in the , two have been successfully grown in a greenhouse environment by Dr. Andre van Proosdij, whereas in the Miriam C. Schmidt Botanical Garden in Sint Eustatius all the germinated plants died after a couple of months (Proosdij, 2014; Blair, 2014, pers. comm.). In addition, research was conducted about the taxonomy and the pollinators of this plant by Dr. Stephen Bush and Hannah Madden (Bush & Madden, 2012). However, much is still unknown about the plant’s preferred growing conditions.

Therefore, the goal of this research was to study the growing conditions of Statia Morning Glory to collect more information and investigate how to widen the geographical range of the plant. A distribution map was made to identify the Statia Morning Glory plants found on the island. Seed material was also collected in order to propagate Statia Morning Glory, study the plant’s germination, and for further experiments.

The results of this study can be used by STENAPA and other interested parties to protect and propagate Statia Morning Glory on Sint Eustatius. 1. Factsheet Statia Morning Glory(Ipomoea sphenophylla)

Fig. 1: Flower, buds and seeds of Statia Morning Glory (Ipomoea sphenophylla)

Family: Convolvulaceae Genus: Ipomoea Species: Ipomoea sphenophylla Urb

Pollinators: hawkmoths, hummingbirds and butterflies. Flowering: from December to April.

1.1 Distribution Statia Morning Glory can be found in the northern hills of the island. The largest population is located on the North-eastern boundary of the oil storage terminal, NuStar Terminals NV. Currently known populations include plants on Mary's Glory, Signal Hill, Road to Gilboa Hill, Gilboa Hill, Bergje and Boven (figure 2).

1.2 History SMG was first described in 1884 by Dutch botanist F. W. R. Suringar. Plant material was collected at Signal hill. The original description was written by Urban in 1908, who based his description on the specimen collected by Suringar. In preparing The Flora of the Lesser Antilles in 1989, several unsuccessful efforts were done to find SMG on the island. It was thought that the SMG was extinct, however in 1994 a few individuals were re-discovered around the property of the oil terminal (Bush & Madden, 2012).

1.3 Previous propagation experiments

1.3.1 Hortus Botanicus Leiden In the greenhouse at Hortus Botanicus, Leiden, two Statia Morning Glory plants are growing successfully. The environmental conditions in which the plants grow are listed below:

Drainage good drainage(20-40% gravel in soil mix) Sun radiation High (roots are shaded)* pH 5.5-7 Humidity >60%** Temperature 20-30°C

* Plants are dying when they receive direct sunlight on their roots. **When the humidity drops to 30-40% the plants get spider mite infections. (Proosdij, 2014)

1.3.2 Greenhouse botanical garden Sint Eustatius In the past, a number of SMG plants were propagated in the greenhouse of the botanical garden in Sint Eustatius. Germination was successful, however after a couple of months the plants died. The plants were growing in the greenhouse only. The environmental conditions at the greenhouse during germination and propagation are unknown (Blair, 2014).

2. Methodology 2.1 Growing conditions To measure the growing conditions of Statia Morning Glory, different circumstances in the environment of each plant were measured. Not all conditions could be measured due to a lack of equipment, time and knowledge. Therefore, the results contained within this report are only a rough estimation of the growing conditions.

The following factors were measured: - Elevation (using a Garmin GPSmap 62sc GPS device) - Slope orientation (using a compass) - Slope (using a clinometer) - Tree/shrub species on which SMG is growing (where known) - Vegetation cover (the vegetation cover in a radius of 5 meters was measured. The different vegetation covers distinguished were: tree, shrub, herb, litter, rock and bare soil cover) - Height of plant - pH of the soil (soil samples were collected from the different sites in which SMG was found. Those soil samples were tested with a pH measuring kit.)

2.2 Distribution All the locations where the SMG is found were marked to form a distribution map. The coordinates of each plant were taken with a GPS and entered into GIS to create a map. In the past several inventories of SMG distribution were conducted by STENAPA. Those locations were also included in the distribution map.

2.3 Germination During initial fieldwork and data collection, seed material from different SMG were taken. Those seeds were used to research the germination rate of the plant. The seeds were planted in the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden. Regular monitoring was carried out to check the number of seeds germinated. In a later stadium the seedlings could be used in other experiments.

3. Results

3.1 Growing conditions The results of the data collected are given below (elevation, slope orientation, slope percentage, tree/shrub type, vegetation cover and pH). Appendix C contains all data relating to the fieldwork that was carried out.

3.1.1 Elevation Elevation (m) # plants % 0-50 0 0 50-100 8 11 100-150 0 0 150-200 30 43 200-250 32 46 Total 70 100

In the table above, no plants were found below an elevation of 50 meters. However, in previous inventories two plants where found below 50 meters elevation. At the Lynch plantation (elevation: 30m) a single SMG vine is growing on the private property. Close to the airport a SMG plant was also found (elevation: 40m), however it is unknown whether this plant still exists.

3.1.2 Slope orientation Slope orientation # plants % N 34 49 NE 6 9 E 12 17 SE 3 4 S 4 6 SW 7 10 W 4 6 Total 70 100

The table above shows slope orientation. Most plants were found on a slope facing north. However, plants were found on slopes facing all directions. The high number of plants growing on a slope with northern orientation can be explained by the fact that a large population of SMG is growing on a northern slope near the oil terminal terrain. 3.1.3 Slope percentage Slope percentage(%) # plants % 0-10 22 31 10--20 6 9 20-30 7 10 30-40 3 4 40-50 11 16 50-60 10 14 60-70 10 14 70-80 1 1 Total 70 100

The table above shows the slope orientation. The information shows that SMG plants occur on a variety of slope percentages. This indicates that slope percentage is not an important factor in the growing conditions of SMG.

3.1.4 Height Height(m) # plants % 0.1.0 4 6 1.1-2.0 19 27 2.1-3.0 30 43 3.1-4.0 12 17 4.1-5.0 3 4 5.1-6.0 2 3 Total 70 100

The table above shows that most plants are growing at a height of between one and four meters. The plants did not occur at a height above six meters. In almost all cases the plants were growing in the canopy of a tree where they could absorb the maximum amount of sunlight. Those plants that were growing in the shade were not yet producing flowers or seeds. This indicates that the plant would not be suitable to grow in a dense forest with trees higher than six meters and a lack of sunlight. 3.1.5 Vegetation cover Vegetation cover Occurence(%) Average cover(%) Trees 100 20 Shrubs 99 16 Herbs 87 17 Leaf litter 100 20 Rocks 94 22 Bare ground 54 5

The table above shows that trees, shrubs and leaf litter are present in the surroundings of almost all SMG plants. The different types of coverage are also evenly represented when considering average cover. The occurrence of trees and shrubs can be explained by the fact that SMG plants need trees and shrubs to grow on. The presence of litter may indicate that the plants’ roots require shade.

3.1.6 Host trees/shrubs The trees/shrub species on which SMG were growing are listed below:

Guettarda scabra Mimosoid legume Accasia spec. Malpighia emarginata Pisonia subcordata Erythroxylum havanese Dead trees

However, not all tree species could be identified, so the plants were also growing on other tree/shrub species. It was also found on dead trees. From this it can be concluded that SMG is not very specific in tree/shrub choice. 3.1.7 Soil pH Seven soil samples were taken from the different SMG study sites and their pH was tested. The table below shows the pH values:

Soil pH 6.5 6.5 6 7 6 7 6.5

As you can see in the table, soil pH lies between the 6.0 and 7.0. Whether SMG can also grow in soil with a higher or lower pH value needs to be tested further. In addition, further soil research needs to be conducted to ascertain further information about the different aspects of the soil (soil type, texture, organic matter, moisture, K, P, N, salt content etc).

3.2 Distribution map

Figure 2: Distribution map of Statia Morning Glory (Ipomoea sphenophylla) on Sint Eustatius, including plants found during this study and from previous inventories.

Figure 2 shows the distribution map of SMG. Most plants are found within the boundaries of the Boven National Park on the northern end of the island. However, two plants are located outside of this area. One plant is growing on the fence of a local resident and was planted there approximately 10 years ago. The other plant was found near the runway of the airport, however it is not know whether this plant was planted or was growing there naturally. Either way, these two plants could indicate that the plant might also grow in other locations outside the Boven National Park.

The pink dots represent the SMG plants that were found during fieldwork conducted during this study. The blue dots represent SMG plants that were found in previous inventories between 2006 and 2014. Some of the plants found in 2014 were already found in previous years. Therefore, there can be some overlap between the different inventories locations. Appendices A and B list the coordinates from recent and previous inventories.

3.3 Propagation On 7 April 2014, 57 Statia Morning Glory seeds were planted in the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden. One month later, 15 May 2014, 35 plants germinated (60% of the total amount planted). After germination the seedlings were doing fine. However, in previous SMG germination experiments in the same location the seedlings died after a couple of months. One of the reasons could be that the appropriate growing conditions for SMG were not present in the greenhouse.

Fig. 2: Germination experiments in greenhouse. Fig. 3: Seedling SMG after 1 month.

4. Conclusion and Discussion The aim of this study was to collect more information on the growing conditions, habitat and propagation of Statia Morning Glory, a vine endemic to Sint Eustatius. In the past a couple of propagation experiments had been carried out in greenhouse environments, one successfully while the other less successfully. However, the growing conditions of the plant in its original habitat had never been studied before.

Different conditions in the environment of each plant were studied: elevation, slope orientation, slope percentage, height of plant, vegetation cover and soil pH. The plants were found on an elevation between 50 and 250 meters, however one cultivated plant was found to be growing at a lower elevation. SMG also grew on every slope orientation and slope percentage. It can therefore be concluded that the factor elevation, slope orientation and slope percentage do not play an important role in the growing of Statia Morning Glory.

The five vegetation covers (trees, shrubs, herbs, litter, rocks and bare soil) were represented in almost all plant environments. Whereas trees (100%), shrubs (100%) and leaf litter (99%) were present in all environments, herbs (87%), rocks (94%) and bare soil (54%) were less abundant. This indicates that an environment with trees, shrubs and leaf litter is important for the growth of SMG. Another important aspect is sunlight. Almost all plants, and all the plants that produced seeds and flowers, were growing in the canopy and received high amounts of solar radiation. In addition, plants did not grow on trees higher than six meters, which can indicate that trees with a height > 6m are not suitable for the growth of SMG. The plant do not seem to have a specific preference with regard to the tree or shrub species on which to grow, since it was even found growing on dead trees and shrubs. To make a complete analysis of the growing conditions, more factors will need to be studied. Important factors missing in this study are a detailed soil description, annual and seasonal rainfall, temperature, sun radiation and air salinity.

Most SMG plants were found in the Boven National Park (northern hills) of the island. However, in the past SMG plants were found in different environments than those found in the northern hills. This indicates that the plant might have a wider growing range than was suspected before. More research needs to be carried out to see if the plant can sufficiently grow in other environments of the island.

The germination of SMG in the greenhouse was successful. Further monitoring needs to be conducted in order to draw conclusions about propagating SMG in the greenhouse.

5. Recommendations

Firstly, given the lack of information about this endemic plant species, it is necessary for STENAPA to continue research on the growing conditions of Statia Morning Glory. Additional information about soil, rainfall, temperature, sun radiation and air salinity is needed to make more accurate conclusions.

Secondly, Statia Morning Glory is currently not endangered. However, SMG sites need to remain protected to keep the population safe. In addition, STENAPA can begin experiments with SMG propagation in different environments to find out if the plant can grow elsewhere on the island, thereby widening the geographical range of the plant.

Finally, STENAPA can try to make the plant more accessible for tourists and locals. Information signs on the trail to Gilboa Hill, where a small population of SMG plants is found, could be installed. Another option is to try plant SMG in more accessible areas, for instance in Oranjestad, where residents and visitors can become better acquainted with this unique species.

Bibliography Blair, B. (2014, April). Statia Morning Glory propagation. (S. d. Leeuw, Interviewer)

Bush, B. P., & Madden, H. (2012). Notes on the Flowers and Distribution of the caribbean island endemic Ipomoea sphenophylla (Convolvulaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany , 17, 281-282.

Proosdij, A. (2014, April 9). Statia Morning Glory. The Netherlands.

Appendix

A: Statia Morning Glory location coordinates (Location 2014) Y X Location Y X Location 17.50625 -62.99353 Bergje/nustar 17.50676 -62.99305 Bergje/nustar 17.50629 -62.99434 Bergje/nustar 17.50663 -62.99299 Bergje/nustar 17.50629 -62.99434 Bergje/nustar 17.50646 -62.99308 Bergje/nustar 17.50629 -62.99434 Bergje/nustar 17.50651 -62.99311 Bergje/nustar 17.50626 -62.99440 Bergje/nustar 17.50651 -62.99311 Bergje/nustar 17.50632 -62.99446 Bergje/nustar 17.50652 -62.99316 Bergje/nustar 17.50636 -62.99452 Bergje/nustar 17.50654 -62.99316 Bergje/nustar 17.50641 -62.99452 Bergje/nustar 17.50657 -62.99312 Bergje/nustar 17.50643 -62.99457 Bergje/nustar 17.50655 -62.99318 Bergje/nustar 17.50642 -62.99463 Bergje/nustar 17.50655 -62.99318 Bergje/nustar 17.50641 -62.99467 Bergje/nustar 17.50657 -62.99315 Bergje/nustar 17.50645 -62.99462 Bergje/nustar 17.50651 -62.99320 Bergje/nustar 17.50650 -62.99421 Bergje/nustar 17.50655 -62.99328 Bergje/nustar 17.50653 -62.99411 Bergje/nustar 17.50646 -62.99330 Bergje/nustar 17.50654 -62.99400 Bergje/nustar 17.50644 -62.99337 Bergje/nustar 17.50650 -62.99400 Bergje/nustar 17.50639 -62.99345 Bergje/nustar 17.50673 -62.99334 Bergje/nustar 17.50626 -62.99348 Bergje/nustar 17.50670 -62.99327 Bergje/nustar 17.50626 -62.99352 Bergje/nustar 17.50681 -62.99314 Bergje/nustar 17.50633 -62.99352 Bergje/nustar 17.50680 -62.99308 Bergje/nustar 17.50633 -62.99352 Bergje/nustar 17.50680 -62.99308 Bergje/nustar 17.50662 -62.99281 Bergje/nustar 17.50683 -62.99297 Bergje/nustar 17.50662 -62.99273 Bergje/nustar 17.50681 -62.99290 Bergje/nustar 17.48620 -62.99089 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.50689 -62.99284 Bergje/nustar 17.50756 -62.98516 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.50688 -62.99282 Bergje/nustar 17.50758 -62.98511 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.50684 -62.99286 Bergje/nustar 17.50758 -62.98511 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.50680 -62.99287 Bergje/nustar 17.50759 -62.98515 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.49687 -62.99609 Signal hill 17.50753 -62.98517 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.49638 -62.99574 Signal hill 17.50804 -62.98562 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.49632 -62.99570 Signal hill 17.50808 -62.98562 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.49669 -62.99445 Signal hill 17.50734 -62.99533 Bergje hill 17.49671 -62.99430 Signal hill 17.50736 -62.99535 Bergje hill 17.49716 -62.99208 Signal hill 17.50737 -62.99532 Bergje hill 17.49719 -62.99209 Signal hill 17.50737 -62.99530 Bergje hill 17.49718 -62.99202 Signal hill

B: Statia Morning Glory location coordinates (Location previous inventories) Y X year Location Y X year Location 17.50623 -62.9931 2011 Bergje/nustar 17.5064 -62.99458 2006 Bergje/nustar 17.50622 -62.99347 2011 Bergje/nustar 17.50639 -62.9946 2006 Bergje/nustar 17.50642 -62.9938 2011 Bergje/nustar 17.50641 -62.99463 2006 Bergje/nustar 17.50628 -62.99437 2011 Bergje/nustar 17.50642 -62.99464 2006 Bergje/nustar 17.5066 -62.99272 2011 Bergje/nustar 17.50628 -62.9944 2006 Bergje/nustar 17.50732 -62.98507 2011 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.50625 -62.9934 2006 Bergje/nustar 17.50737 -62.985 2011 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.47955 -62.9866 2006 Bergje/nustar 17.5075 -62.98515 2011 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.50637 -62.99453 2006 Bergje/nustar 17.50755 -62.98517 2011 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.50633 -62.9944 2006 Bergje/nustar 17.50757 -62.98517 2011 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.50633 -62.99444 2006 Bergje/nustar 17.50785 -62.98547 2011 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.50641 -62.99442 2006 Bergje/nustar 17.50802 -62.98562 2011 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.50632 -62.99439 2006 Bergje/nustar 17.5082 -62.98585 2011 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.50922 -62.99025 2011 Dirt road to Venus bay 17.50732 -62.98507 2011 Signal hill 17.49637 -62.99577 2011 Signal hill 17.49633 -62.99573 2011 Signal hill 17.49627 -62.99572 2011 Signal hill 17.49625 -62.9956 2011 Signal hill 17.49713 -62.99213 2011 Signal hill 17.49687 -62.99188 2011 Signal hill 17.49693 -62.99192 2011 Signal hill 17.4968 -62.99182 2011 Signal hill 17.49677 -62.99178 2011 Signal hill 17.49675 -62.99173 2011 Signal hill 17.49665 -62.99165 2011 Signal hill 17.49667 -62.99178 2011 Signal hill 17.49667 -62.99177 2011 Signal hill 17.49672 -62.97823 2011 Signal hill 17.51252 -62.98455 2011 Gilboa hill 17.51277 -62.98463 2011 Gilboa hill 17.51275 -62.98463 2011 Gilboa hill 17.51843 -62.9968 2012 Boven 17.51842 -62.99695 2012 Boven 17.50627 -62.99439 2006 Bergje/nustar C: Datasheet fieldwork

Plant# Location Coord. Elev. Slope or. Slope% Tree/shrub Veg. cover Height Flower Seeds Dis/dec pH Comments Dead Y X trees% shrubs% herbs% litter% rocks% bare% (m) mat.

1 Bergje/nustar 17.50628 62.99368 183 180 S 10 Guettarda scabra 50 30 0 15 0 5 3.5 Y Y 50% 2 Bergje/nustar 17.50625 62.99353 188 220 SW 10 Mimosoid legume 30 20 0 25 25 0 2 Y Y <5% 3 Bergje/nustar 17.50629 62.99434 181 0 N 55 Guettarda scabra 50 10 10 20 5 5 3 Y Y <5% split pattles 4 Bergje/nustar 17.50629 62.99434 181 0 N 55 Pisonea schwarzy 60 10 0 25 5 0 3 Y Y <5% 5 Bergje/nustar 17.50629 62.99434 181 0 N 55 Pisonea schwarzy 60 10 0 25 5 0 4 Y Y <5% 6 Bergje/nustar 17.50626 62.99440 184 0 N 45 U 50 10 10 20 5 5 4 Y Y <5% 7 Bergje/nustar 17.50632 62.99446 182 25 N 45 U 25 5 0 60 5 5 2.5 Y Y U partly shaded 8 Bergje/nustar 17.50636 62.99452 181 20 N 55 U 25 5 0 60 5 5 6 Y Y 10% 9 Bergje/nustar 17.50641 62.99452 183 20 N 45 Guettarda scabra/ accasia 20 20 5 20 5 30 4 N Y 5% 10 Bergje/nustar 17.50643 62.99457 182 20 N 45 Malpighia emarginata 20 20 5 20 5 30 2 Y Y <5% 6.5 11 Bergje/nustar 17.50642 62.99463 182 10 N 55 Pisonea subcondata 25 5 0 10 40 20 3 N Y <5% 12 Bergje/nustar 17.50641 62.99467 183 0 N 65 Euppanis + Erythroxylum 20 15 5 20 30 10 3 Y Y <5% lots of seeds 13 Bergje/nustar 17.50645 62.99462 180 10 N 70 Acasia 20 5 5 10 40 20 3 Y Y <5% young plant on ground 14 Bergje/nustar 17.50650 62.99421 185 330 N 55 Erythroxylum havanense 20 10 5 30 30 5 3.5 Y Y <5% 15 Bergje/nustar 17.50653 62.99411 187 345 N 65 Erythroxylum havanense 20 10 5 30 30 5 4.5 Y Y <5% young plant on ground 16 Bergje/nustar 17.50654 62.99400 190 345 N 70 Quettarda 10 50 0 15 25 0 3 N N <5% 17 Bergje/nustar 17.50650 62.99400 192 345 N 60 Quettarda 10 60 0 15 0 15 4 Y Y <5% 18 Bergje/nustar 17.50673 62.99334 202 0 N 45 Pisonea 10 20 50 5 10 5 2 Y Y 5% 19 Bergje/nustar 17.50670 62.99327 204 0 N 30 U 30 5 5 40 20 0 5 Y Y <5% 20 Bergje/nustar 17.50681 62.99314 201 10 N 45 Dead 20 15 0 60 0 5 3 Y Y 5% 6.5 young plant on ground 21 Bergje/nustar 17.50680 62.99308 202 10 N 40 Quettarda 30 5 5 45 10 5 3 Y Y <5% 22 Bergje/nustar 17.50680 62.99308 202 10 N 40 Pisonea 30 5 5 45 10 5 3.5 Y Y 5% 23 Bergje/nustar 17.50683 62.99297 202 30 N 50 Pisonea 25 5 5 45 20 0 4 Y Y <5% young plant on ground 24 Bergje/nustar 17.50681 62.99290 184 20 N 50 pisonea 30 5 5 30 30 0 4 N Y <5% not many leaves, seeds 25 Bergje/nustar 17.50689 62.99284 198 40 NE 55 U 30 5 5 30 30 0 5 Y Y <5% and flowers. Young pl. on ground 26 Bergje/nustar 17.50688 62.99282 197 40 NE 50 Pisonea 30 5 5 30 30 0 4 Y Y <5% 27 Bergje/nustar 17.50684 62.99286 199 30 N 50 Pisonea 30 5 5 30 30 0 6 Y Y <5% 28 Bergje/nustar 17.50680 62.99287 202 30 N 50 Quettarda 20 5 15 10 50 0 3 Y Y <5% young plant on ground 29 Signal 17.49687 62.99609 166 110 E 5 U 30 5 40 15 0 10 3 Y Y <5% lot of seeds and flowers 30 Signal 17.49638 62.99574 194 80 E 25 U 20 10 10 10 50 0 2 Y Y <5% lot of seeds and flowers 31 Signal 17.49632 62.99570 194 60 NE 5 U 20 5 20 5 30 20 2 Y Y <5% 6.0 lot of seeds and flowers 32 Signal 17.49669 62.99445 187 0 N 0 U 20 10 30 15 5 20 4 Y Y <5% 7.0 SMG facing 60degrees 33 Signal 17.49671 62.99430 186 70 E 5 U 15 40 40 5 5 5 1.5 Y Y <5% 34 Signal 17.49716 62.99208 214 70 E 70 U 40 5 5 20 30 0 2 Y Y <5% 35 Signal 17.49719 62.99209 214 70 E 70 U 40 5 5 20 30 0 2.5 Y Y <5% 36 Signal 17.49718 62.99202 210 70 E 70 U 20 0 20 15 40 5 2.5 Y Y <5% 6.0 37 Bergje/nustar 17.50676 62.99305 200 20 N 35 U 20 10 5 25 40 0 2 Y Y 5% 38 Bergje/nustar 17.50663 62.99299 200 0 N 0 U 5 20 50 5 20 0 1.5 Y Y 20% 1 seed, 1 flower 39 Bergje/nustar 17.50646 62.99308 200 180 S 30 U 5 30 30 10 25 0 1.5 N Y 5% 40 Bergje/nustar 17.50651 62.99311 201 180 S 25 U 10 20 30 15 25 0 2 N Y 5% 41 Bergje/nustar 17.50651 62.99311 201 180 S 25 U 10 20 30 15 25 0 2.5 N Y 10% 42 Bergje/nustar 17.50652 62.99316 202 130 SE 5 U 10 20 30 15 25 0 2 N Y 20% 43 Bergje/nustar 17.50654 62.99316 202 130 SE 5 U 10 20 30 15 25 0 1.5 N Y 40% 44 Bergje/nustar 17.50657 62.99312 203 130 SE 5 U 10 20 30 15 25 0 1 N N 0% old one died new one developing 45 Bergje/nustar 17.50655 62.99318 202 0 N 0 U 20 10 10 30 30 0 3 N Y <5% 46 Bergje/nustar 17.50655 62.99318 202 0 N 0 U 20 10 10 30 30 0 3 Y Y <5% 47 Bergje/nustar 17.50657 62.99315 203 0 N 0 U 10 10 50 10 20 0 3 N Y <5% 48 Bergje/nustar 17.50651 62.99320 202 250 W 15 U 10 10 40 20 20 0 2.5 N Y 30% 49 Bergje/nustar 17.50655 62.99328 203 280 W 15 U 20 15 30 20 15 0 3 N N <5% 50 Bergje/nustar 17.50646 62.99330 201 250 W 10 U 5 5 75 5 10 0 2.5 N Y <5% 51 Bergje/nustar 17.50644 62.99337 201 320 NW 10 U 15 35 15 20 10 5 3 N Y 10% 52 Bergje/nustar 17.50639 62.99345 200 250 W 10 U 10 10 40 10 30 0 3 N Y 20% 53 Bergje/nustar 17.50626 62.99348 198 210 SW 15 U 20 20 20 20 20 0 2.5 Y Y <5% 2 plants 54 Bergje/nustar 17.50626 62.99352 198 210 SW 15 U 20 20 20 20 20 0 1 Y Y <5% 55 Bergje/nustar 17.50633 62.99352 195 250 SW 15 U 10 20 20 10 30 10 1.5 N Y 5% 56 Bergje/nustar 17.50633 62.99352 195 250 SW 15 U 10 20 20 10 30 10 1.5 Y Y <5% 57 Bergje/nustar 17.50662 62.99281 203 210 SW 25 U 5 10 20 5 55 5 0.1 N N 0 on the ground 58 Bergje/nustar 17.50662 62.99273 203 210 SW 30 U 5 20 40 5 30 0 3 Y Y 5% 59 Gilboa 17.48620 62.99089 72 80 E 70 U 5 50 5 5 30 5 2 Y Y 0 60 Gilboa 17.50756 62.98516 68 70 E 80 U 0 5 15 5 60 15 3 Y Y 0% 61 Gilboa 17.50758 62.98511 67 80 E 70 U 25 30 5 20 10 10 4 Y Y <5% 62 Gilboa 17.50758 62.98511 67 80 E 70 U 25 30 5 20 10 10 3.5 Y Y <5% 63 Gilboa 17.50759 62.98515 67 80 E 70 U 25 30 5 20 10 10 3 N Y <5% 7.0 64 Gilboa 17.50753 62.98517 72 80 E 60 U 5 20 5 5 60 5 1 Y Y <5% 65 Gilboa 17.50804 62.98562 66 60 NE 5 U 5 20 40 5 25 5 2 Y Y <5% 66 Gilboa 17.50808 62.98562 66 60 NE 5 U 5 20 40 5 25 5 2 N N <5% still growing in shade 2 plants 67 Bergje 17.50734 11.00000 211 340 N 5 U 15 15 25 20 20 5 3 N Y 10% 68 Bergje 17.50736 62.99535 211 340 N 5 U 15 15 25 20 10 5 3.5 N Y 10% 69 Bergje 17.50737 62.99532 210 340 N 5 U 15 15 25 20 10 5 3 N Y 5% 6.5 70 Bergje 17.50737 62.99530 210 340 N 5 U 15 10 35 30 5 5 3 N Y 15%