DOCSLIB.ORG

Inter-Korean Relations in Historical Perspective Charles K

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Inter-Korean Relations in Historical Perspective Charles K Vol. 14, No. 2, 2005 International Journal of Korean Unification Studies Published biannually by the Korea Institute for National Unification Publisher Young-Kyu Park Editor-in-chief Young-Ho Park Editors Seong-Whun Cheon, Jin-Wook Choi, Moon-Young Huh Kyu-Ryoon Kim, Suk Lee Assistant Editor Mi-Kang Kim EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD William Drennan (Formerly) United States Institute of Peace, USA L. Gordon Flake The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation, USA Young Whan Kihl Iowa State University, USA Ming Lee National Chengchi University, Taiwan Zhong Wei Lu China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, China Marcus Noland Institute for International Economics, USA Masao Okonogi Keio University, Japan Edward A. Olsen Naval Post-Graduate School, USA Han Shik Park University of Georgia, USA Scott Snyder Asia Foundation, USA Hideshi Takesada National Institute for Defense Studies, Japan Mikhail L. Titarenko Institute of Far Eastern Studies, Russia For information regarding manuscript submission and subscription, please feel free to contact the following address: International Journal of Korean Unification Studies Korea Institute for National Unification 535-353 Suyu 6-dong, Kangbuk-gu, Seoul 142-887, Republic of Korea TEL: (82-2) 9012 658 FAX: (82-2) 9012 541 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.kinu.or.kr Annual Subscription Rates (two issues) Domestic (individual & institution) 20,000 Won Overseas (individual & institution) US$30 (by airmail) * The rates are subject to change without notice. ISSN 1229-6902 Publication Date: December 31, 2005 Copyright©2005 by the Korea Institute for National Unification, Seoul, Korea Printed by Neulpum (TEL: (82-2) 313 5326 FAX: (82-2) 2275 5327) Vol. 14, No. 2, 2005 International Journal of Korean Unification Studies KINU www.kinu.or.kr International Journal of Korean Unification Studies CONTENTS 2005 Vol. 14, No. 2 Inter-Korean Relations in Historical Perspective Charles K. Armstrong ······· 1 How South Korean Means Support North Korean Ends: Crossed Purposes in Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation Hazel Smith ····· 21 The Transformation of Class Structure and Class Conflict in North Korea Jae-Jean Suh ····· 52 North Korea Stressed: Life on the Hamster Wheel Alexandre Y. Mansourov ····· 85 Rising Powers, Offshore Balancers, and Why the US-Korea Alliance is Undergoing Strain David C. Kang ··· 115 A Regional Play of the Global Game: China’s Korea Policy and the Sino-American Relationship Fei-Ling Wang ··· 141 An Active Japanese Foreign Policy Impeded by a Frustrated Public in the Post-Cold War Era Yoneyuki Sugita ··· 171 Contributors Charles K. Armstrong is an Associate Professor of History and Director of the Center for Korean Research at Columbia University in New York City. He was educated at Yale University, the London School of Economics, and the University of Chicago, and specializes in modern Korean history and the international history of East Asia. His most recent books include The North Korean Revolution, 1945-1950 (Cornell University Press, 2003), Korean Society: Civil Society, Democracy, and the State (Routledge 2002; second edition, forthcoming 2006), and Korea at the Center: Dynamics of Regionalism in Northeast Asia (M.E. Sharpe, 2005). He has pub- lished numerous articles on Korean history, politics, and culture, and is a frequent commentator in the US and international media on contemporary Korean, East Asian, and Asian-American affairs. Hazel Smith is a Professor of International Relations and Director of the MA programme in International Relations at the University of Warwick, UK. She received her PhD from the London School of Economics in International Relations and was a Fulbright visiting scholar at Stanford University. She worked as a Programme Adviser for the UN WFP in the DPRK and was a visiting Jennings Randolph Senior Fellow at the United States Institute of Peace. Dr. Smith has worked on the DPRK for fifteen years, where she has been a regular visitor since 1990, and has also completed work for UNICEF, UNDP, the UN WFP, and CARITAS. Her most recent books are European Union Foreign Policy: What it is and what it Does (London: Pluto, 2002) and Hungry for Peace: International Security, Humanitarian assistance and Social Change in North Korea (Washington, DC: USIP, 2005). She has been interviewed frequently by the international media, including BBC, KBS, CBS’s 60 Minutes, and ABC’s Nightline. Jae-Jean Suh is a Senior Research Fellow at the Korea Institute for National Unification, Seoul, Korea. He received his BA in Sociology from Seoul National University, and MA and PhD in Sociology from the University of Hawaii. After joining KINU he served as directors of the Division of North Korean Studies, Division of Unification Policy Studies, and the Center for North Korean Human Rights Studies. His research interests are socio- logical analysis of North Korean society. He is the author of numer- ous books including Second Society in North Korea (Seoul: Nanam Publisher, 1995), Social Psychology of North Korean Residents (Seoul: KINU, 1999), System Change after July 1 Measure in North Korea (Seoul: KINU, 2004), and Betrayal of Juche Thoughts (Seoul: Pakyoungsa, forthcoming 2006). He is al- so the co-author of North Korea in World System Perspective (Seoul: Hwang Gum Al, 2004). Alexandre Y. Mansourov is an Associate Professor of the Department of Regional Studies at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. He is a specialist in Northeast Asian security, politics, and econom- ics, focusing primarily on the Korean Peninsula. Dr. Mansourov received his PhD in Political Science from Columbia University in New York. He edited three books, A Turning Point: Democratic Consolidation in the ROK and Strategic Readjustment in the US-ROK Alliance (Honolulu: APCSS, 2005), Bytes and Bullets: Information Technology Revolution and National Security on the Korean Peninsula (Honolulu: APCSS, 2005), and The North Korean Nuclear Program: Security, Strategy, and New Perspectives from Russia (New York: Routledge, 2000), as well as publishing numer- ous book chapters and academic articles on Korean and Northeast Asian affairs. David C. Kang is an Associate Professor of Government, and Adjunct Associate Professor and Research Director at the Center for International Business at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth. He is finishing a book on how China’s rise is affecting regional politics in East Asia. Dr. Kang is the author of Crony Capitalism: Corruption and Development in South Korea and the Philippines (Cambridge University Press, 2002), and is also the author of Nuclear North Korea: A Debate on Engagement Strategies (Columbia University Press, 2003), which he co-authored with Professor Victor Cha. He has published scholarly articles in jour- nals such as International Organization, International Security, Comparative Politics, International Studies Quarterly, and Foreign Policy. Professor Kang is a member of the editorial boards of Political Science Quarterly, Asia Policy, IRI Review, Business and Politics, and the Journal of International Business Education. For 2005-2006, he is a visiting Associate Professor at Stanford University. He received an AB with honors from Stanford University and his PhD from Berkeley. Fei-Ling Wang is a Professor of the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta. Professor Wang received his PhD from the University of Pennsylvania. His most recent books are Organizing through Division and Exclusion: China’s Hukou System (Stanford University Press, 2005) and China Rising: Power and Motivation in Chinese Foreign Policy (co-editor, Rowman & Littlefield, 2005). Dozens of his articles have appeared in journals and newspapers such as The China Quarterly, Journal of Contemporary China, Pacific Affairs, The Washington Quarterly, and International Herald Tribune. He re- ceived several grants and fellowships including, in 2005, a Fulbright Senior Lecturership at Yonsei University and a Council on Foreign Relations-Hitachi Fellowship at the University of Tokyo. Yoneyuki Sugita is an Associate Professor of American History at Osaka University of Foreign Studies. He received his PhD in American History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1999. His research interests are US-Japan relations and security in Northeast Asia. His major works in English include The Selling of 9/11: How a National Tragedy Became a Commodity (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), Pitfall or Panacea: The Irony of US Power in Occupied Japan, 1945-1952 (New York: Routledge, 2003), Trans-Pacific Relations: America, Europe, and Asia in the Twentieth Century (co-editor, New York: Praeger, 2003), and Beyond the Line: Joseph Dodge and the Geometry of Power in US-Japan Relations, 1949-1952 (co-author, Okayama: University Education Press, 1999), as well as publishing numerous articles in US-Japan relations and security in Northeast Asia. International Journal of Korean Unification Studies Inter-Korean Relations in Historical Perspective Charles K. Armstrong Abstract From the early 1970s onward, inter-Korean relations have moved fitfully and gradually toward greater contact and mutual recognition, a process which has accelerated since the end of the 1990s. As Korean division and inter-Korean conflict were products of Great Power politics and the Cold War, movement in inter-Korean relations was largely the result of changes in Great Power relations during the Cold War period. However, since the end of the Cold War, the major impetus in inter-Korean
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arianas %Riet Yr;~ Micronesia's Leading Newspaper Since 1972 '&L Ews Floods by Rick Alberto Bulletin Corp
    ~------------------ arianas %riet_Yr;~ Micronesia's Leading Newspaper Since 1972 '&l ews floods By Rick Alberto bulletin Corp. said many residents would Variety News Staff eithernot be receiving waterer be TYPHOON Yates, upgraded into rt"ceiving less water from their a supertyphoon, took its time in faucets until the weather clears as coming yesterday, with people most of its main reservoirs had keeping watch the whole morn­ Continued on page 16 ing and afternoon. ' Saipan was virtually at a stand­ still as government offices and Yates .. keeps . schools closed. Many private­ sector offices sent their employ­ .p.9lice busy ees home at 12 noon. Hotels, restaurants, buildings, By Ferdie de la Torre and homes boarded up their doors, Variety News Staff THE DEPARTMENT of Public Safety has doubled up its person­ nel on a 24-hour duty as super GTAhas no business in typhoon Yates hit Saipan and Tinian yesterday. CNMI-- Guam senator Public Safety Information Of­ By Zaldy Dandan ficer P02 Arnold K. Seman told Variety News Staff the Variety that DPS intensified GUAM SENATOR Tom Ada on Monday said Guam Telephone its patrol out in the streets to moni­ Authority investments should be on Guam and not in the CNMI. tor any eventuality brought by Ada in a media release, a copy of which was obtained by the Yates. •t Variety, is asking why GTA has submitted a bid with the Federal ~ Seman said the officers were (, Communications Commission for a license to provide personal also fielded to advise the general communications Services in the CNMI. public to take precautionary mea­ Ada is the chainnan of the Guam legislature's committee on sures.
    [Show full text]
  • North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Development and Diplomacy
    North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons Development and Diplomacy Larry A. Niksch Specialist in Asian Affairs January 5, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33590 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons Development and Diplomacy Summary Since August 2003, negotiations over North Korea’s nuclear weapons programs have involved six governments: the United States, North Korea, China, South Korea, Japan, and Russia. Since the talks began, North Korea has operated nuclear facilities at Yongbyon and apparently has produced weapons-grade plutonium estimated as sufficient for five to eight atomic weapons. North Korea tested a plutonium nuclear device in October 2006 and apparently a second device in May 2009. North Korea admitted in June 2009 that it has a program to enrich uranium; the United States had cited evidence of such a program since 2002. There also is substantial information that North Korea has engaged in collaborative programs with Iran and Syria aimed at producing nuclear weapons. On May 25, 2009, North Korea announced that it had conducted a second nuclear test. On April 14, 2009, North Korea terminated its participation in six party talks and said it would not be bound by agreements between it and the Bush Administration, ratified by the six parties, which would have disabled the Yongbyon facilities. North Korea also announced that it would reverse the ongoing disablement process under these agreements and restart the Yongbyon nuclear facilities. Three developments
    [Show full text]
  • The Abduction of Japanese People by North Korea And
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Ritsumeikan Research Repository THE ABDUCTION OF JAPANESE PEOPLE BY NORTH KOREA AND THE DYNAMICS OF JAPANESE DOMESTIC POLITICS AND FOREIGN POLICY: CASE STUDIES OF SHIN KANEMARU AND JUNICHIRO KOIZUMI’S PYONGYANG SUMMIT MEETINGS IN 1990, 2002 AND 2004’S PYONGYANG SUMMIT MEETINGS by PARK Seohee 51114605 March 2017 Master’s Thesis / Independent Final Report Presented to Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Asia Pacific Studies ACKNOLEGEMENTS First and foremost, I praise and thank my Lord, who gives me the opportunity and talent to accomplish this research. You gave me the power to trust in my passion and pursue my dreams. I could never have done this without the faith I have in You, the Almighty. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Yoichiro Sato for your excellent support and guidance. You gave me the will to carry on and never give up in any hardship. Under your great supervision, this work came into existence. Again, I am so grateful for your trust, informative advice, and encouragement. I am deeply thankful and honored to my loving family. My two Mr. Parks and Mrs. Keum for your support, love and trust. Every moment of every day, I thank our Lord Almighty for giving me such a wonderful family. I would like to express my gratitude to Rotary Yoneyama Memorial Foundation, particularly to Mrs. Toshiko Takahashi (and her family), Kunisaki Club, Mr. Minoru Akiyoshi and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Trenches
    Martyn Williams H R N K Attack Mirae Wi-Fi Family Medicine Healthy Food Korean Basics Handbook Medicinal Recipes Picture Memory I Can Be My Travel Weather 2.0 Matching Competition Gifted Too Companion ! Agricultural Stone Magnolia Escpe from Mount Baekdu Weather Remover ERRORTelevision the Labyrinth Series 1.25 Foreign apps not permitted. Report to your nearest inminban leader. Business Number Practical App Store E-Bookstore Apps Tower Beauty Skills 2.0 Chosun Great Chosun Global News KCNA Battle of Cuisine Dictionary of Wisdom Terms DIGITAL TRENCHES North Korea’s Information Counter-Offensive DIGITAL TRENCHES North Korea’s Information Counter-Offensive Copyright © 2019 Committee for Human Rights in North Korea Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior permission of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea 1001 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 435 Washington, DC 20036 P: (202) 499-7970 www.hrnk.org Print ISBN: 978-0-9995358-7-5 Digital ISBN: 978-0-9995358-8-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019919723 Cover translations by Julie Kim, HRNK Research Intern. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Gordon Flake, Co-Chair Katrina Lantos Swett, Co-Chair John Despres,
    [Show full text]
  • University of West Bohemia in Pilsen Faculty of Philosophy and Arts
    University of West Bohemia in Pilsen Faculty of Philosophy and Arts Dissertation Thesis Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in International Politics Analysis of the Changes of North Korean Foreign Policy between 1994 and 2015 Using the Role Theoretic Approach Plzeň 2016 Lenka Caisová University of West Bohemia in Pilsen Faculty of Philosophy and Arts Department of Politics and International Relations Study Programme Political Science Field of Study International Relations Dissertation Thesis Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in International Politics Analysis of the Changes of North Korean Foreign Policy between 1994 and 2015 Using the Role Theoretic Approach Lenka Caisová Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Šárka Cabadová-Waisová, Ph.D. Department of Politics and International Relations University of West Bohemia in Pilsen Sworn Statement I hereby claim I made this dissertation thesis (topic: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in International Politics ; subtopic: Analysis of the Changes of North Korean Foreign Policy between 1994 and 2015 Using the Role Theoretic Approach ) together with enclosed codebook by myself whereas I used the sources as stated in the Bibliography only. In certain parts of this thesis I use extracts of articles I published before. In Chapter 1 and 2, I use selected parts of my article named “ Severní Korea v mezinárodních vztazích: jak uchopovat severokorejskou zahraniční politiku? ” which was published in Acta FF 7, no. 3 in 2014. In Chapter 4, I use my article named “Analysis of the U.S. Foreign Policy towards North Korea: Comparison of the Post-Cold War Presidents” which was published in Acta FF no. 3, 2014 and article named “ Poskytovatelé humanitární a rozvojové pomoci do Korejské lidově demokratické republiky ” published in journal Mezinárodní vztahy 49, no.
    [Show full text]
  • III. Sistema De Partidos ...31
    III. Sistema de partidos ........................................................... 31 1. Características fundamentales ......................................31 2. Principales partidos políticos tradicionales .................. 34 2.1. Partido Liberal Democrático (PLD) ....................... 36 2.2. Partido Social Demócrata (PSD)............................ 39 2.3. Partido Comunista del Japón (PCJ) ....................... 40 2.4. Partido del Gobierno Limpio (Komeito)............... 41 2.5. Partido Democrático Social (PDS) ........................ 42 3. Crisis política y nuevos partidos ..................................42 3.1. La elección general de 1993 y sus secuelas..........42 3.2. Las elecciones de 1996 y el fracaso del Partido Nueva Frontera ................................... 47 III. SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS 1. Características fundamentales La democracia parlamentaria que empezó a regir en Japón a par- tir de 1947 es similar a los sistemas del mismo tipo que existen en la mayor parte de las naciones de Europa occidental, en Cana- dá, Australia y Nueva Zelanda. Esto es, presenta las principales características de los regímenes parlamentarios: plena responsa- bilidad gubernamental frente al Parlamento, presencia de un jefe de Estado sin facultades ejecutivas reales, sufragio universal, ce- lebración periódica de elecciones generales, etcétera. Sin embar- go, la política japonesa se distingue por su carácter original pues mantiene importantes rasgos propios. Entre las principales particularidades del sistema político del Japón destacan
    [Show full text]
  • North Korea-South Korea Relations: Back to Belligerence
    Comparative Connections A Quarterly E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations North Korea-South Korea Relations: Back to Belligerence Aidan Foster-Carter Leeds University, UK For almost the whole of the first quarter of 2008, official inter-Korean relations were largely suspended in an uneasy limbo. As of late March, that void was the story. Up to a point this was only to be expected. A new conservative leader in Seoul – albeit a pragmatist, or so he tells us – was bound to arouse suspicion in Pyongyang at first. Also, Lee Myung-bak needed some time to settle into office and find his feet. Still, it was remarkable that this limbo lasted so long. More than three months after Lee’s landslide victory in the ROK presidential elections on Dec. 19, DPRK media – which in the past had no qualms in dubbing Lee’s Grand National Party (GNP) as a bunch of pro- U.S. flunkeys and national traitors – had made no direct comment whatsoever on the man Pyongyang has to deal with in Seoul for the next five years. Almost the sole harbinger of what was to come – a tocsin, in retrospect – was a warning snarl in mid-March against raising North Korean human rights issues. One tried to derive some small comfort from this near-silence; at least the North did not condemn Lee a priori and out of hand. In limbo Yet the hiatus already had consequences. Perhaps predictably, most of the big inter- Korean projects that Lee’s predecessor, the center-left Roh Moo-hyun, had rushed to initiate in his final months in office after his summit last October with the North’s leader, Kim Jong-il, barely got off the ground.
    [Show full text]
  • Prace Orientalistyczne I Afrykanistyczne 2 Papers in Oriental and African Studies
    PRACE ORIENTALISTYCZNE I AFRYKANISTYCZNE N. Levi Korea Północna Zarys ewolucji systemu politycznego 2 PAPERS IN ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES 1 PRACE ORIENTALISTYCZNE I AFRYKANISTYCZNE 2 PAPERS IN ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES 2 Nicolas Levi Korea Północna zarys ewolucji systemu politycznego Warszawa 2016 3 PRACE ORIENTALISTYCZNE I AFRYKANISTYCZNE 2 Wydawnictwo Instytutu Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych Polskiej Akademii Nauk ul. Nowy Świat 72, Pałac Staszica, 00-330 Warszawa tel.: +4822 657 27 91, [email protected]; www.iksiopan.pl Recenzenci: dr hab. Anna Antczak-Barzan dr hab Grażyna Strnad Copyright by Instytut Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych PAN and Nicolas Levi Redakcja techniczna i korekta językowa: Dorota Dobrzyńska Fotografie: Nicolas Levi Opracowanie graficzne, skład i łamanie DTP: MOYO - Teresa Witkowska ISBN: 978-83-943570-2-3 Druk i oprawa: Oficyna Wydawniczo-Poligraficzna i Reklamowo-Handlowa ADAM. ul. Rolna 191/193; 02-729 Warszawa 4 Spis treści Wstęp 7 Transkrypcja słów koreańskich 11 Słowniczek podstawowych pojęć i terminów 11 Wykaz najważniejszych skrótów 12 1. Rozwój ruchu komunistycznego na Półwyspie Koreańskim 13 1.1. Narodziny Partii Pracy Korei Północnej 13 1.1.1. Powstanie północnokoreańskiego ruchu komunistycznego 13 1.1.2. Frakcje i komunizm na Półwyspie Koreańskim 14 1.1.3. Czystki w koreańskich frakcjach komunistycznych 19 1.2. Organizacja polityczna społeczeństwa 24 1.2.1. System kimirsenowski 24 1.2.2. Ideologia Dżucze 31 1.2.3. Koncept „dynastii” północnokoreańskiej i kult jednostki 37 2. Północnokoreańskie organizacje polityczne i wojskowe 49 2.1. Analiza struktury organizacji politycznych w Korei 49 Północnej 2.1.1. Demokratyczny Front Na Rzecz Zjednoczenia Ojczyzny 49 2.1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Electoral Foundations of Japan's Financial Politics: the Case of Jusen
    The Electoral Foundations of Japan’s Financial Politics: The Case of Jusen Frances Rosenbluth (Yale) and Michael F. Thies (UCLA) Draft, June 16, 1999 This paper was first presented at the American Political Science Association meetings held in Boston, September 1998. We would like to thank Stephan Haggard for many helpful suggestions, and Allison Kido, Ittetsu Kojima, Lung-Chi Lee, Robin Moriyama, Yasunori Saito, Atsuhiko Sakamoto, Ross Schaap, and Mitsue Sakomoto Suzuki for excellent research assistance. We also thank the participants of the UCLA Conference on Conference on The Political Economy of the Japanese Financial Crisis, February 1999, especially Ellis Krauss, Takeo Hoshi, Adam Posen, and Ulrike Schaede for their helpful comments. Abstract This paper locates Japan’s financial policies in the context of electoral incentives. The collapse of Japan’s economic bubble in 1989 exposed the rot in the banking system, hidden for decades by a Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) government intent on maintaining favor with local support groups, including small banks. In a move wholly uncharacteristic of Japan’s postwar politics, the LDP ultimately forced the banks to absorb huge losses rather than require taxpayers to bail out their mortgage-lending subsidiaries (jusen). We compare the government’s subsequent bank bailout scheme with past government action and find that the government’s objectives have shifted from boosting bank profits to ensuring their prudential regulation. We conclude on an optimistic note about the prospects for more majoritarian politics in Japan. THE ELECTORAL FOUNDATIONS OF JAPAN’S FINANCIAL POLITICS: THE CASE OF JUSEN Introduction Japanese politicians are hopelessly corrupt. Whether because of the long heritage of cronyism in Japanese political culture, or because of something in the water they drink, Japanese politicians are even more incorrigible than the average politician.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Connections a Quarterly E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations
    Comparative Connections A Quarterly E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations North Korea-South Korea Relations: Squeezing the Border Aidan Foster-Carter Leeds University, UK Looking back, it was a hostage to fortune to title our last quarterly review: “Things can only get better?” Even with that equivocating final question mark, this was too optimistic a take on relations between the two Koreas – which, as it turned out, not only failed to improve but deteriorated further in the first months of 2009. Nor was that an isolated trend. This was a quarter when a single event – or more exactly, the expectation of an event – dominated the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia more widely. Suspected since January, announced in February and awaited throughout March, despite all efforts to dissuade it North Korea’s long-anticipated Taepodong launched on April 5. This too evoked a broader context, and a seeming shift in Pyongyang. Even by the DPRK’s unfathomable logic, firing a big rocket – satellite or no – seemed a rude and perverse way to greet a new U.S. president avowedly committed to engagement with Washington’s foes. Yet, no fewer than four separate senior private U.S. delegations, visiting Pyongyang in unusually swift succession during the past quarter, heard the same uncompromising message. Even veteran visitors who fancied they had good contacts found the usual access denied and their hosts tough-minded: apparently just not interested in an opportunity for a fresh start offered by a radically different incumbent of the White House. Not mending but building fences Speculation on the reasons for this newly negative stance – paralleled by a reversion to hardline policies on the home front also, as in efforts to rein in markets (with mixed success) – is beyond the scope of this article.
    [Show full text]
  • Double-Sidedness of North Korea
    Double-sidedness of North Korea Chang Yong-seok (Senior‌ Researcher, Institute for Peace and Unification Studies of Seoul National University) Jeong Eun-mee (Humanities Korea Research Professor, Institute for Peace and Unification Studies of Seoul National University) CHAPTER 1: WHY DOUBLE- SIdedneSS? 5 CHAPTER 2: DOUBLE-SIdedneSS IN POLITICS·MILItarY 1. People’s democracy and hereditary dictatorship 10 2. A powerful and prosperous country and backwardness 24 3. Independence line and dependency on foreign countries 40 4. National cooperation and provocations against South Korea 52 CHAPTER 3: DOUBLE-SIdedneSS IN ECONOMY·SOCIetY 1. Planned economy and private economic activity 66 2. Distribution system and the market 80 3. Egalitarian‌ society and discrimination by Songbun (North Korea’s social classification system) 91 4. Pyongyang, the “capital of the revolution,” and the provinces 102 CHAPTER 4: DOUBLE-SIdedneSS IN PEOPLE’S LIVES·VaLUES 1. Collectivism and individualism 118 2. Official media and informal information 126 3. Social control and aberrations 137 4. Socialism‌ centered on the popular masses and human rights violations 146 CHAPTER 5: COntINUatION and ChanGE OF DOUBLE-SIdedneSS OF NOrth KOrea 157 WHY DOUBLE- SIDEDNESS? CHAPTER 1 WHY DOUBLE- SIDEDNESS? In any society, there is an official or dominating value, ideology and system that serve as a mechanism to integrate the society. At the same time, however, there is a reality that is different from such an official or dominating value and ideology. As the reality changes rapidly, the official or dominating value, ideology and system face pressure to change and in fact must change according to the relationships between a variety of groups and powerful forces in the society.
    [Show full text]
  • Autumn 1974 Through Summer 2016) Symposium on Gender and Women in Japan
    Symposium on Japanese Society. Introduction by Susan B. Hanley. 8,1 Symposium on Ie Society. THE JOURNAL OF JAPANESE Introduction by Kozo Yamamura. 11,1 STUDIES Symposium: Transition From Medieval to Early Modern Japan. Introduction by Michael P. Birt and Kozo Yamamura. 12,2 Special Issue: A Forum on the Trade Crisis. Introduction by Kenneth B. Pyle. 13,2 Index to Volume 1, Number 1 through Symposium: Social Control and Early Socialization. Volume 42, Number 2 Introduction by Thomas P. Rohlen. 15,1 (Autumn 1974 through Summer 2016) Symposium on Gender and Women in Japan. Introduction by Susan B. Hanley. 19,1 Symposium on Contemporary Japanese Popular Culture. Introduction by John Whittier Treat. 19,2 © 2000–2016 by the Society for Japanese Studies Symposium on Teaching and Learning in Japan. Introduction by Thomas P. Rohlen. 20,1 This index is divided into eight parts: Symposia, Articles, Book Reviews, Opinion and Comment, Communications, Publications Symposium on Continuity and Change in Heisei Japan. of Note, Miscellaneous, and a List of Contributors. Introduction by Susan B. Hanley and John Whittier Treat 23,2 ARTICLES SYMPOSIA Akita, George. An Examination of E.H. Norman's Scholarship. 3,2 - Allen, Laura W. Images of the Poet Saigyo as Recluse. 21,1 Workshop on the Economic and Institutional History of Medieval Japan. Allinson, Gary Dean. The Moderation of Organized Labor in Postwar Introduction by Kozo Yamamura. 1,2 Japan. 1,2 Symposium: The Ashio Copper Mine Pollution Incident. Allison, Anne. Memoirs of the Orient. 27,2 Introduction by Kenneth B. Pyle 1,2 Ambaras, David R.
    [Show full text]