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University of West Bohemia in Pilsen Faculty of Philosophy and Arts University of West Bohemia in Pilsen Faculty of Philosophy and Arts Dissertation Thesis Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in International Politics Analysis of the Changes of North Korean Foreign Policy between 1994 and 2015 Using the Role Theoretic Approach Plzeň 2016 Lenka Caisová University of West Bohemia in Pilsen Faculty of Philosophy and Arts Department of Politics and International Relations Study Programme Political Science Field of Study International Relations Dissertation Thesis Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in International Politics Analysis of the Changes of North Korean Foreign Policy between 1994 and 2015 Using the Role Theoretic Approach Lenka Caisová Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Šárka Cabadová-Waisová, Ph.D. Department of Politics and International Relations University of West Bohemia in Pilsen Sworn Statement I hereby claim I made this dissertation thesis (topic: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in International Politics ; subtopic: Analysis of the Changes of North Korean Foreign Policy between 1994 and 2015 Using the Role Theoretic Approach ) together with enclosed codebook by myself whereas I used the sources as stated in the Bibliography only. In certain parts of this thesis I use extracts of articles I published before. In Chapter 1 and 2, I use selected parts of my article named “ Severní Korea v mezinárodních vztazích: jak uchopovat severokorejskou zahraniční politiku? ” which was published in Acta FF 7, no. 3 in 2014. In Chapter 4, I use my article named “Analysis of the U.S. Foreign Policy towards North Korea: Comparison of the Post-Cold War Presidents” which was published in Acta FF no. 3, 2014 and article named “ Poskytovatelé humanitární a rozvojové pomoci do Korejské lidově demokratické republiky ” published in journal Mezinárodní vztahy 49, no. 2, 2014. All these articles are properly stated in the Bibliography. Walton on Thames, August 2, 2016. Lenka Caisová i Acknowledgements I would like express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, doc. PhDr. Šárka Cabadová-Waisová Ph.D. for her advices, patience and continuous support during my Ph.D. studies. I would like to acknowledge whole Department of Politics and International Relations of The University of West Bohemia in Pilsen for creating stimulating and friendly environment and for enabling me to realize research stays in the Republic of Korea that massively broadened my academic knowledge. In particular, I am very grateful to Magda B. Leichtová for her invaluable insights and advices of all kinds, to Marta Kollerová for her excellent managerial skills, helpfulness and never ending support and to Martina Ponížilová and Jirka Zákravský for being the greatest friends and colleagues one could ever wish. Special thanks also go to Boyeon Na from the University of North Korean Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea for not ignoring my e-mails and enabling me to spend hundreds of hours in the library as well as to all the library employees. Without their help, I would not be able to proceed with this thesis at all. Last but not least, I would like to thank to my family and friends for supporting me during all these endless years of studies. Very special thanks goes to my beloved husband Štěpán for being caring, patient and sympathetic to my constant wailing and moaning along the journey of my studies. His encouragement and love made the completion of this thesis possible. ii “Yet why, then, do states do what they do? The only thing which Wendt offers by means of clarification here is the concept of ‘roles’. It is the socially recognized role which a state adopts that gives it a certain script to follow” (Ringmar 2005, 304). “For the writer, the DPRK is not a case study that cannot be analysed” (Lewkowitz 2007, 100). iii Contents Sworn Statement ........................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... ii List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ vi Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Evaluation of the Role Theoretic Literature, Role Theory Background and Delimitation of the Crucial Concepts ...............................................................................13 1.1 Role Theoretic Literature ..........................................................................................13 1.2 The Role Theory, Its Roots and Development ..................................................15 1.2.1 The First Wave of Scholars ...............................................................................15 1.2.2 The Second Wave of Scholars: Relational and Interactionalist Turn ...................................................................................................................................................18 1.3 Role Theory Approach as an Instrument for the North Korean Foreign Policy Analysis: Operationalization of the Key Concepts ...................................23 1.3.1 National Role Conceptions, Roles and Their Formation: Considering the Interactionalist Legacy in the Role Theory .........................24 1.3.2 Role Enactment and Its Correlation with the NRs .................................29 1.3.3 Change of the National Roles ...........................................................................30 2. Semantical Content Analysis and the Identification of the National Roles 45 2.1 The Texts ...........................................................................................................................45 2.2 North Korean Primary Resources: Suitable and Unsuitable Materials 50 2.3 The Pyongyang Times and Korea Today Datasets: What Does Their Specifics Imply .......................................................................................................................56 2.4 Data Assortment Mechanism and Coding ..........................................................58 3. The Roles North Korea Declares ...................................................................................62 3.1 North Korean Role Statements: General Overview .......................................62 3.2 The Meaning of Roles, Role Saliency and Changes .........................................66 3.3 North Korean Roles, Role Sets and Significant Others: Summarization .......................................................................................................................................................99 4. Roles and North Korean Foreign Politics: Interactions, Role Changes and Fluctuations .............................................................................................................................. 103 iv 4.1 Internal Developer : Role Changes and Interactions with the Significant Others ...................................................................................................................................... 107 4.2 Independent : Role Changes and Interactions with the Significant Others .................................................................................................................................................... 113 4.3 Active Independent : Role Changes and Interactions with the Significant Others ...................................................................................................................................... 118 4.4 Isolate : Role Changes and Interactions with the Significant Others ... 122 4.5 Bastion of Revolution – Liberator : Role Changes and Interactions with the Significant Others ...................................................................................................... 125 4.6 Anti-Imperialist Agent : Role Changes and Interactions with the Significant Others .............................................................................................................. 128 4.7 Global and Regional Peace Protector : Roles' Changes and Interactions with the Significant Others ............................................................................................ 130 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 132 Appendix 1: List of Missing Issues of The Pyongyang Times ............................. 144 Appendix 2: List of Missing Issues of Korea Today ................................................ 145 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................. 146 List of Charts and Appendixes ......................................................................................... 169 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 172 논문초록 .................................................................................................................................... 174 Abstrakt ...................................................................................................................................... 176 v List of Abbreviations LWR light water reactor IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency U.S. United States KEDO Korean Energy Development Organization DPRK Democratic People's Republic of Korea PSCORE People for Successful Korean
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