DOCSLIB.ORG

Norris 2014 Concord.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Norris 2014 Concord.Pdf UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ A THEORY OF NOMINAL CONCORD A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in LINGUISTICS by Mark Norris June 2014 The Dissertation of Mark Norris is approved: Professor Jorge Hankamer, Chair Professor Sandra Chung Professor James McCloskey Dean Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Mark Norris 2014 Table of Contents List of Figures vi List of Tables vii Abstract viii Dedication x Acknowledgments xi 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Themainpuzzle.................................. 3 1.2 EmpiricalBackground ... ...... ..... ...... ...... ... 5 1.2.1 Grammaticalsketch ........................... 6 1.2.2 Nominalmorphology........................... 8 1.2.3 Nominal morphophonology . 12 1.2.4 Datasources ............................... 14 1.2.5 ThecaseforEstonian...... ..... ...... ...... .... 16 1.3 Theoretical Background . 16 1.3.1 Some important syntactic assumptions . ..... 17 1.3.2 Some important morphological assumptions . ...... 20 1.4 Organization.................................... 21 2 Estonian Nominal Morphosyntax 23 2.1 Introduction.................................... 23 2.2 TheDPlayerinEstonian .. ...... ..... ...... ...... ... 25 2.2.1 Estonian does not exhibit properties of articleless languages . 28 2.2.2 Overt material in D0 inEstonian..................... 44 2.2.3 Evidence for D0 from demonstratives . 50 2.2.4 Implications for the Small Nominal Hypothesis . ....... 54 2.3 Cardinal numerals in Estonian . 60 2.3.1 The numeral’s “complement” . 60 2.3.2 Previous analyses of numeral-noun constructions . ......... 64 iii 2.4 Two structures for NNCs in Estonian . ..... 75 2.4.1 The size of the NP+ ............................ 76 2.4.2 The higher number feature in Estonian . 79 2.4.3 Higher adjectives and possessors . 81 2.4.4 Plural numerals in Estonian are specifiers . ...... 85 2.5 Conclusions and Further Directions . ...... 92 3 Nominal Concord in Estonian 94 3.1 Introduction: What is concord? . ..... 94 3.2 Previous approaches to concord . 99 3.2.1 Comparing concord and subject-verb agreement . 100 3.2.2 Agree and kinds of agreement . 103 3.2.3 Adjectival concord and Agree . 104 3.2.4 Possessors and intervention . 120 3.2.5 Previous Approaches: Summary . 122 3.3 Refining the characterization of concord . ........ 123 3.3.1 Norris 2012 on Icelandic concord: Feature Collection and Copying . 124 3.3.2 Complex concord in Numeral-Noun Constructions in Estonian . 128 3.3.3 Summary: Locality in numeral-noun construction concord . 131 3.4 The syntactic side of concord . 132 3.4.1 A theoretical argument for feature spreading . ....... 133 3.4.2 φ-features spread from bottom to top . 135 3.4.3 Case features spread from top to bottom . 148 3.5 The morphological side of concord . 151 3.5.1 Agr0 nodeinsertion............................ 152 3.5.2 FeatureCopying ............................. 157 3.6 Conclusion .................................... 159 4 An Unmarked Case in Estonian Nominals 165 4.1 Introduction.................................... 165 4.2 The syntax of the pseudopartitive . 168 4.2.1 Pseudopartitives in a theoretical context . ........ 170 4.2.2 N1isanormalnoun ........................... 171 4.2.3 TheN2PhraseisatleastaDP . 177 4.3 Case-marking in Estonian pseudopartitives . .......... 180 4.3.1 The many lives of partitive case . 182 4.3.2 Accusative in Estonian grammar . 184 4.3.3 Some Estonian cases are postpositions . 190 4.3.4 Interim summary and implications . 197 4.4 Case hierarchies and their sources . 199 4.4.1 Hierarchical effects driven by morphology . ....... 204 4.4.2 Caha: case hierarchy encoded in syntactic representations . 209 4.4.3 Interim summary: nominative and accusative are special ........ 211 iv 4.5 The Phase-Based Spell-Out approach to timing . ........ 212 4.5.1 Preliminariesoncase. 213 4.5.2 The Phase-Based Spell-Out analysis . 214 4.5.3 Extending the analysis to numerals . 218 4.5.4 Extending the analysis once more: Stacking NNCs and pseudopartitives 219 4.6 Partitive as an unmarked case inside nominals . ......... 223 4.6.1 Unmarked Partitive: the matching pattern . 225 4.6.2 Unmarked Partitive: the partitive pattern . ........ 226 4.6.3 Extending the analysis to M-stacks . 228 4.6.4 Summary: towards deriving the case hierarchy . 231 4.7 Microvariation between Finnish and Estonian . ......... 232 4.8 Conclusions.................................... 235 5 Conclusion 238 5.1 Summaryofresults ................................ 238 5.2 In search of verbal concord . 240 5.2.1 Verbal concord with verbal features . 241 5.2.2 Verbal concord with φ-features...................... 242 5.2.3 In search of verbal concord: summary . 245 5.3 Nextsteps..................................... 246 5.3.1 Where to look for interesting data . 246 5.3.2 Optionalconcord ............................. 247 5.4 Finalremarks ................................... 249 v List of Figures 1.1 The Finno-Ugric languages, slightly abbreviated (adapted from Abondolo 1998) 5 1.2 TheinvertedY-Model.... ...... ..... ...... ...... ... 17 1.3 Agree between A and B resulting in feature sharing . ......... 20 3.1 Overlapping feature domains in Estonian concord . .......... 131 vi List of Tables 1.1 Traditional Estonian declension paradigm for lind ‘bird’ ............ 9 1.2 Some example stem distributions in Estonian . ........ 12 1.3 Formation of the semantic cases in Estonian . ........ 13 1.4 Formation of the short-form partitive plural in Estonian............. 14 2.1 Estonian declension paradigm for inimene ‘person’ . 25 2.2 Languages with and without articles (Boškovic2008)..............´ 29 2.3 Some properties of possessors in Estonian and Serbo-Croatian . 43 2.4 Declension paradigms for mis ‘what’ and miski ‘something’ . 48 3.1 Elements showing concord in Estonian . ...... 95 3.2 A comparison of subject-verb agreement and concord . .......... 103 3.3 Partial case paradigms for ordinal numerals in Estonian ............. 130 3.4 Some possible arrangements of categories showing concord........... 153 3.5 Feature expression by CEs in Estonian concord . ........ 155 3.6 An impossible pattern of feature expression in Estonian concord . 155 3.7 The distribution of features in Nez Perce concord . .......... 156 3.8 The syntax and morphology of concord . 160 4.1 Case patterns for the pseudopartitive tükk leiba ‘piece of bread’ . 181 4.2 Morphological case of transitive objects in Estonian . ............. 185 4.3 Finnish structural cases (Kiparsky 2001) . ......... 185 4.4 Abbreviated case paradigm for Skolt Saami ˇcuäcc ‘rotten snag’ (Feist 2010:140) 186 4.5 Case patterns in Estonian pseudopartitives, to be revised again . 189 4.6 Case morphology in Estonian . 192 4.7 Postpositions and case markers in Estonian . ........ 195 4.8 Case patterns in Estonian pseudopartitives, final version............. 198 vii Abstract A theory of nominal concord by Mark Norris This dissertation develops a novel theory of the kind of agreement that has come to be known as (nominal) concord, traditionally described as obtaining between a noun and its modifiers, e.g., adjectives and determiners. The empirical focus is the concord system in Estonian, and thus a second goal of the dissertation is to describe and analyze various morphosyntactic puzzles within Estonian DPs. The core phenomena investigated are: (i) the functional structure of nominals in Estonian, including the category D and the syntax of cardinal numerals; (ii) number concord in Estonian and concord more generally; and (iii) case concord in simple DPs as well as case concord in pseudopartitives and DPs with numerals, which apparently show an alternation between case assignment and case concord. The dissertation argues for a view of morphological case wherein some cases are assigned in particular environments when no other case is available and for a view of nominal concord as an agreement phenomenon that is formally distinct from subject-verb agreement. Despite the fact that Estonian lacks definite and indefinite articles—the most common members of category D—there is evidence that Estonian nominals contain a normal amount of functional structure, including DP. I argue that we achieve a clearer understanding of the Estonian possessor system if Estonian has DP, and I show that the category D is not only for articles, but also indefinite pronouns and the wh-determiner corresponding to ‘which’. I then argue that cardinal numerals in Estonian can occupy either a specifier position or a position as a head in the nominal extended projection. I show how this helps explain differences in number-marking and case-marking that arise in DPs with numerals. I then turn to an analysis of nominal concord in case and number in Estonian. I argue that treating nominal concord as a DP-internal correlate of subject-verb agreement does not lead us to a better understanding of its behavior. Furthermore, I show that nominal concord exhibits some behavior that is puzzling under an Agree-based analysis: (i) adjectives show concord despite the fact that they are not in a position to c-command the source of the features, and (ii) though possessors may intervene structurally and linearly between a putative probe and goal, viii they do not disrupt or affect concord in any way. The novel analysis of concord that I propose does not treat it as a direct relationship between two syntactic nodes, but as the relationship between an extended projection and the elements that comprise it. The properties just listed in (i) and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Survey of Orthographic Information in Machine Translation 3
    Machine Translation Journal manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) A Survey of Orthographic Information in Machine Translation Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi1 ⋅ Priya Rani 1 ⋅ Mihael Arcan2 ⋅ John P. McCrae 1 the date of receipt and acceptance should be inserted later Abstract Machine translation is one of the applications of natural language process- ing which has been explored in different languages. Recently researchers started pay- ing attention towards machine translation for resource-poor languages and closely related languages. A widespread and underlying problem for these machine transla- tion systems is the variation in orthographic conventions which causes many issues to traditional approaches. Two languages written in two different orthographies are not easily comparable, but orthographic information can also be used to improve the machine translation system. This article offers a survey of research regarding orthog- raphy’s influence on machine translation of under-resourced languages. It introduces under-resourced languages in terms of machine translation and how orthographic in- formation can be utilised to improve machine translation. We describe previous work in this area, discussing what underlying assumptions were made, and showing how orthographic knowledge improves the performance of machine translation of under- resourced languages. We discuss different types of machine translation and demon- strate a recent trend that seeks to link orthographic information with well-established machine translation methods. Considerable attention is given to current efforts of cog- nates information at different levels of machine translation and the lessons that can Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi [email protected] Priya Rani [email protected] Mihael Arcan [email protected] John P.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Reference Manual for the Standardization of Geographical Names United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
    ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/87 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names United Nations New York, 2007 The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which Member States of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in the present publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The term “country” as used in the text of this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/87 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No.
    [Show full text]
  • Methods for Estonian Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition
    THESIS ON INFORMATICS AND SYSTEM ENGINEERING C Methods for Estonian Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition TANEL ALUMAE¨ Faculty of Information Technology Department of Informatics TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Dissertation was accepted for the commencement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering on November 1, 2006. Supervisors: Prof. Emer. Leo Vohandu,˜ Faculty of Information Technology Einar Meister, Ph.D., Institute of Cybernetics at Tallinn University of Technology Opponents: Mikko Kurimo, Dr. Tech., Helsinki University of Technology Heiki-Jaan Kaalep, Ph.D., University of Tartu Commencement: December 5, 2006 Declaration: Hereby I declare that this doctoral thesis, my original investigation and achievement, submitted for the doctoral degree at Tallinn University of Technology has not been submitted for any degree or examination. / Tanel Alumae¨ / Copyright Tanel Alumae,¨ 2006 ISSN 1406-4731 ISBN 9985-59-661-7 ii Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The speech recognition problem . 1 1.2 Language specific aspects of speech recognition . 3 1.3 Related work . 5 1.4 Scope of the thesis . 6 1.5 Outline of the thesis . 7 1.6 Acknowledgements . 7 2 Basic concepts of speech recognition 9 2.1 Probabilistic decoding problem . 10 2.2 Feature extraction . 10 2.2.1 Signal acquisition . 11 2.2.2 Short-term analysis . 11 2.3 Acoustic modelling . 14 2.3.1 Hidden Markov models . 15 2.3.2 Selection of basic units . 20 2.3.3 Clustered context-dependent acoustic units . 20 2.4 Language Modelling . 22 2.4.1 N-gram language models . 23 2.4.2 Language model evaluation . 29 3 Properties of the Estonian language 33 3.1 Phonology .
    [Show full text]
  • A Crosslinguistic Approach to Double Nominative and Biabsolutive Constructions
    A Crosslinguistic Approach to Double Nominative and Biabsolutive Constructions: Evidence from Korean and Daghestanian∗ Andrei Antonenko1 and Jisung Sun2 Stony Brook University1,2 1. Introduction Distribution of case among distinct grammatical relations is one of the most frequently studied topics in the syntactic theory. Canonical cases are, in accusative languages, subjects of both intransitive and transitive verbs being nominative, while direct objects of transitive verbs are usually marked accusative. In ergative languages, subjects of intransitive verbs share properties with direct objects of transitive verbs, and are marked absolutive. Subjects of transitive verbs are usually ergative. When you look into world languages, however, there are ‘non-canonical’ case patterns too. Probably the most extreme kind of non-canonical case system would be so-called Quirky Subject constructions in Icelandic (see Sigurðsson 2002). This paper concerns constructions, in which two nominals are identically case-marked in a clause, as observed in Korean and Daghestanian languages. Daghestanian languages belong to Nakh-Daghestanian branch of North Caucasian family. Nakh-Daghestanian languages are informally divided into Nakh languages, such as Chechen and Ingush, spoken in Chechnya and the Republic of Ingushetia, respectively; and Daghestanian languages, spoken in the Republic of Daghestan. Those regions are located in the Caucasian part of Russian Federation. Some Daghestanian languages are also spoken in Azerbaijan and Georgia. This study focuses on Daghestanian languages, such as Archi, Avar, Dargwa, Hinuq, Khwarshi, Lak and Tsez, due to similar behaviors of them with respect to the described phenomenon. 2. Ergativity in Daghestanian Aldridge (2004) proposes that there are two types of syntactically ergative languages, based on which argument is performing functions typical for subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • VALTS ERNÇSTREITS (Riga) LIVONIAN ORTHOGRAPHY Introduction the Livonian Language Has Been Extensively Written for About
    Linguistica Uralica XLIII 2007 1 VALTS ERNÇSTREITS (Riga) LIVONIAN ORTHOGRAPHY Abstract. This article deals with the development of Livonian written language and the related matters starting from the publication of first Livonian books until present day. In total four different spelling systems have been used in Livonian publications. The first books in Livonian appeared in 1863 using phonetic transcription. In 1880, the Gospel of Matthew was published in Eastern and Western Livonian dialects and used Gothic script and a spelling system similar to old Latvian orthography. In 1920, an East Livonian written standard was established by the simplification of the Finno-Ugric phonetic transcription. Later, elements of Latvian orthography, and after 1931 also West Livonian characteristics, were added. Starting from the 1970s and due to a considerable decrease in the number of Livonian mother tongue speakers in the second half of the 20th century the orthography was modified to be even more phonetic in the interest of those who did not speak the language. Additionally, in the 1930s, a spelling system which was better suited for conveying certain phonetic phenomena than the usual standard was used in two books but did not find any wider usage. Keywords: Livonian, standard language, orthography. Introduction The Livonian language has been extensively written for about 150 years by linguists who have been noting down examples of the language as well as the Livonians themselves when publishing different materials. The prime consideration for both of these groups has been how to best represent the Livonian language in the written form. The area of interest for the linguists has been the written representation of the language with maximal phonetic precision.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson 7 | Ntgreek in Session
    Second Declension Nouns (Module B) Feminine and Neuter Nouns 7 Morphology: The Nominal System (Part 2) Overview 7.0 Introduction, 7-1 7.1 Second Declension Feminine Nouns, 7-2 7.2 Second Declension Neuter Nouns, 7-7 7.3 Second Declension Paradigm Overview, 7-13 7.4 Review of Second Declension Nouns, 7-14 7.5 Flow Chart For Second Declension Nouns, 7-21 7.6 NTGreek Language Study Tools, 7-22 7.7 Vocabulary Study, 7-23 Study Guide, 7-25 7.0 Introduction The acquisition of a new language is difficult. This difficulty is compounded if it is not heard and spoken on a regular basis. Because of these special challenges, it will take repeated exposures to new elements of NTGreek grammar before it is understood. Make no mistake about it; acquiring a new language and the skills required is a daunting task! Any grammar positing anything different is selling something. Many enthusiastic students soon realize they are swimming—if not perhaps drowning—in information. Out of frustration, they blame themselves and think they are not intelligent enough or too old to tackle Greek. What they do not realize is that this is the natural learning process. Babies are at first engulfed in a sea of meaningless noise before they gradually learn to detect and recognize meaningful sounds as words. Instead of frustration, the proper response is to continue to be enthusiastic and inquisitive about what you are learning just like a child! © 1996 – 2014 by William Ramey The Nominal System (Part 2) NTGreek In Session Lesson 7: The Second Declension (Module B) 7-2 Feminine and Neuter Nouns ________________________________________________________________ Those studying NTGreek on their own may become unsure what they are learning, especially when there is no authoritative source in their immediate vicinity to ask questions and gain needed reassurance that they are on the right path.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Case Marking As Case Copying: a Unified Approach to Multiple Nominative and Accusative Constructions in Korean
    Multiple Case Marking as Case Copying: A Unified Approach to Multiple Nominative and Accusative Constructions in Korean Byong-Rae Ryu Chungnam National University Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar Freie Universitat¨ Berlin Stefan Muller¨ (Editor) 2013 CSLI Publications pages 182–202 http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/HPSG/2013 Ryu, Byong-Rae. 2013. Multiple Case Marking as Case Copying: A Unified Approach to Multiple Nominative and Accusative Constructions in Korean. In Muller,¨ Stefan (Ed.), Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Head- Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Freie Universitat¨ Berlin, 182–202. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. Abstract This paper presents a unified approach to multiple nominative and ac- cusative constructions in Korean. We identify 16 semantic relations holding between two consecutive noun phrases (NPs) in multiple case marking con- structions, and propose each semantic relation as a licensing condition on double case marking. We argue that the multiple case marking construc- tions are merely the sequences of double case marking, which are formed by dextrosinistrally sequencing the pairs of the same-case marked NPs of same or different type. Some appealing consequences of this proposal in- clude a new comprehensive classification of the sequences of same-case NPs and a straightforward account of some long standing problems such as how the additional same-case NPs are licensed, and in what respects the multi- ple nominative marking and the multiple accusative marking are alike and different from each other. 1 Introduction This paper deals with multiple case marking constructions (MCCs) in Korean in a unified way. MCCs notably include multiple nominative constructions (MNCs) like in (1a) and multiple accusative constructions (MACs) like in (1b).1 (1) a.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Numeric Control in Verse Constituent Structure 15 2.1 Introduction
    Typological tendencies in verse and their cognitive grounding Varuṇ deCastro-Arrazola deCastro-Arrazola, V. 2018. Typological tendencies in verse and their cognitive grounding. Utrecht: LOT. © 2018, Varuṇ deCastro-Arrazola Published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence (CC BY 4.0) ISBN: 978-94-6093-284-7 NUR: 616 Cover illustration: Irati Gorostidi Agirretxe Typesetting software:Ǝ X LATEX Layout based on: LATEX class langscibook.cls developed by Timm Lichte, Stefan Müller, Sebastian Nordhoff & Felix Kopecky for the open-access linguistics pub- lisher Language Science Press (langsci-press.org). Published by: LOT Trans 10 phone: +31 30 253 6111 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl Typological tendencies in verse and their cognitive grounding Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op donderdag 3 mei 2018 klokke 13:45 uur door Varuṇaśarman de Castro Arrazola geboren te Canberra in 1988 Promotores Prof.dr. Marc van Oostendorp (Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen) Prof.dr. Johan Rooryck (Universiteit Leiden) Promotiecommissie Prof.dr. Janet Grijzenhout (Universiteit Leiden) Prof.dr. Paula Fikkert (Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen) Prof.dr. Nigel Fabb (University of Strathclyde) The research for this book was carried out as part of the Horizon project 317- 70-010 Knowledge and culture, funded by the Dutch Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Indrari ikerketa berdin bizi baitugu Contents Acknowledgements xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 On verse ................................ 1 1.2 Explaining verse ............................ 2 1.3 Outline of the dissertation .....................
    [Show full text]
  • Tánczos Orsolya Causative Constructions and Their
    TÁNCZOS ORSOLYA CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS AND THEIR SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS IN THE UDMURT LANGUAGE (M ŰVELTET Ő SZERKEZETEK ÉS MONDATTANI ELEMZÉSÜK AZ UDMURT NYELVBEN) DOKTORI (PHD) ÉRTEKEZÉS Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem Bölcsészet és Társadalomtudományi Kar Nyelvtudományi Doktori Iskola Vezet ője: Prof. É. Kiss Katalin egyetemi tanár, akadémikus FINNUGOR M ŰHELY TÉMAVEZET Ő: PROF. CSÚCS SÁNDOR EGYETEMI TANÁR BUDAPEST 2015 Nagyapámnak, aki Zeppelint látott 2 CONTENTS Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... 7 Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 10 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 The aim of the dissertation .................................................................................. 12 1.2 The Udmurt data of the dissertation................................................................... 14 1.2.1 Acceptability judgments ............................................................................... 14 1.2.2 Data collecting method ................................................................................ 15 1.2.3 The examples ................................................................................................ 16 1.3 The Udmurt language .......................................................................................... 16
    [Show full text]
  • Berkeley Linguistics Society
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BERKELEY LINGUISTICS SOCIETY February 7-8, 2015 General Session Special Session Fieldwork Methodology Editors Anna E. Jurgensen Hannah Sande Spencer Lamoureux Kenny Baclawski Alison Zerbe Berkeley Linguistics Society Berkeley, CA, USA Berkeley Linguistics Society University of California, Berkeley Department of Linguistics 1203 Dwinelle Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-2650 USA All papers copyright c 2015 by the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0363-2946 LCCN: 76-640143 Contents Acknowledgments . v Foreword . vii The No Blur Principle Effects as an Emergent Property of Language Systems Farrell Ackerman, Robert Malouf . 1 Intensification and sociolinguistic variation: a corpus study Andrea Beltrama . 15 Tagalog Sluicing Revisited Lena Borise . 31 Phonological Opacity in Pendau: a Local Constraint Conjunction Analysis Yan Chen . 49 Proximal Demonstratives in Predicate NPs Ryan B . Doran, Gregory Ward . 61 Syntax of generic null objects revisited Vera Dvořák . 71 Non-canonical Noun Incorporation in Bzhedug Adyghe Ksenia Ershova . 99 Perceptual distribution of merging phonemes Valerie Freeman . 121 Second Position and “Floating” Clitics in Wakhi Zuzanna Fuchs . 133 Some causative alternations in K’iche’, and a unified syntactic derivation John Gluckman . 155 The ‘Whole’ Story of Partitive Quantification Kristen A . Greer . 175 A Field Method to Describe Spontaneous Motion Events in Japanese Miyuki Ishibashi . 197 i On the Derivation of Relative Clauses in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec Nick Kalivoda, Erik Zyman . 219 Gradability and Mimetic Verbs in Japanese: A Frame-Semantic Account Naoki Kiyama, Kimi Akita . 245 Exhaustivity, Predication and the Semantics of Movement Peter Klecha, Martina Martinović . 267 Reevaluating the Diphthong Mergers in Japono-Ryukyuan Tyler Lau .
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study in Language Change
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Honors Theses Lee Honors College 4-17-2013 Glottopoeia: A Case Study in Language Change Ian Hollenbaugh Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/honors_theses Part of the Other English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Hollenbaugh, Ian, "Glottopoeia: A Case Study in Language Change" (2013). Honors Theses. 2243. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/honors_theses/2243 This Honors Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Lee Honors College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Elementary Ghau Aethauic Grammar By Ian Hollenbaugh 1 i. Foreword This is an essential grammar for any serious student of Ghau Aethau. Mr. Hollenbaugh has done an excellent job in cataloguing and explaining the many grammatical features of one of the most complex language systems ever spoken. Now published for the first time with an introduction by my former colleague and premier Ghau Aethauic scholar, Philip Logos, who has worked closely with young Hollenbaugh as both mentor and editor, this is sure to be the definitive grammar for students and teachers alike in the field of New Classics for many years to come. John Townsend, Ph.D Professor Emeritus University of Nunavut 2 ii. Author’s Preface This grammar, though as yet incomplete, serves as my confession to what J.R.R. Tolkien once called “a secret vice.” History has proven Professor Tolkien right in thinking that this is not a bizarre or freak occurrence, undergone by only the very whimsical, but rather a common “hobby,” one which many partake in, and have partaken in since at least the time of Hildegard of Bingen in the twelfth century C.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Transitive Verbs and Object Case
    ESTONIAN TRANSITIVE VERBS AND OBJECT CASE Anne Tamm University of Florence Proceedings of the LFG06 Conference Universität Konstanz Miriam Butt and Tracy Holloway King (Editors) 2006 CSLI Publications http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/ Abstract This article discusses the nature of Estonian aspect and case, proposing an analysis of Estonian verbal aspect, aspectual case, and clausal aspect. The focus is on the interaction of transitive telic verbs ( write, win ) and aspectual case at the level of the functional structure. The main discussion concerns the relationships between aspect and the object case alternation. The data set comprises Estonian transitive verbs with variable and invariant aspect and shows that clausal aspect ultimately depends on the object case. The objects of Estonian transitive verbs in active affirmative indicative clauses are marked with the partitive or the total case; the latter is also known as the accusative and the morphological genitive or nominative. The article presents a unification-based approach in LFG: the aspectual features of verbs and case are unified in the functional structure. The lexical entries for transitive verbs are provided with valued or unvalued aspectual features in the lexicon. If the verb fully determines sentential aspect, then the aspectual feature is valued in the functional specifications of the lexical entry of the verb; this is realized in the form of defining equations. If the aspect of the verb is variable, the entry’s functional specifications have the form of existential constraints. As sentential aspect is fully determined by the total case, the functional specifications of the lexical entry of the total case are in the form of defining equations.
    [Show full text]