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A Hackathon for Classical Tibetan
A Hackathon for Classical Tibetan Orna Almogi1, Lena Dankin2*, Nachum Dershowitz2,3, Lior Wolf2 1Universität Hamburg, Germany 2Tel Aviv University, Israel 3Institut d’Études Avancées de Paris, France *Corresponding author: Lena Dankin, [email protected] Abstract We describe the course of a hackathon dedicated to the development of linguistic tools for Tibetan Buddhist studies. Over a period of five days, a group of seventeen scholars, scientists, and students developed and compared algorithms for intertextual alignment and text classification, along with some basic language tools, including a stemmer and word segmenter. Keywords Tibetan; Buddhist studies; hackathon; stemming; segmentation; intertextual alignment; text classification. I INTRODUCTION In February 2016, a group of four Tibetologists (from the University of Hamburg), one digital humanities scholar (from Europe), and twelve computer scientists (from Israel and Europe) got together in Kibbutz Lotan in the Arava region of Israel with the stated goal of developing algorithmic methods for advancing Tibetan Buddhist textual studies. Participants were either recruited by the organizers or responded to an announcement on several mailing lists. See Figure 1. Most of the computer scientists had background in machine learning, and a few of them also had experience with natural language processing (NLP) research, but without any prior experience with Tibetan texts. The computer scientist organizers were quite familiar with programming workshops and contests and thought that the challenges presented by Tibetan texts would pose an ideal opportunity to explore the hackathon format. The hackathon is a short and intense event where computer scientists collaborate to develop software. For that purpose, it was essential to recruit as many software developers as possible. -
2019 International Religious Freedom Report
CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, XINJIANG, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary Reports on Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet, and Xinjiang are appended at the end of this report. The constitution, which cites the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, states that citizens have freedom of religious belief but limits protections for religious practice to “normal religious activities” and does not define “normal.” Despite Chairman Xi Jinping’s decree that all members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) must be “unyielding Marxist atheists,” the government continued to exercise control over religion and restrict the activities and personal freedom of religious adherents that it perceived as threatening state or CCP interests, according to religious groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international media reports. The government recognizes five official religions – Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism. Only religious groups belonging to the five state- sanctioned “patriotic religious associations” representing these religions are permitted to register with the government and officially permitted to hold worship services. There continued to be reports of deaths in custody and that the government tortured, physically abused, arrested, detained, sentenced to prison, subjected to forced indoctrination in CCP ideology, or harassed adherents of both registered and unregistered religious groups for activities related to their religious beliefs and practices. There were several reports of individuals committing suicide in detention, or, according to sources, as a result of being threatened and surveilled. In December Pastor Wang Yi was tried in secret and sentenced to nine years in prison by a court in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, in connection to his peaceful advocacy for religious freedom. -
Ethnic Minorities in Custody
Ethnic Minorities In Custody Following is a list of prisoners from China's ethnic minority groups who are believed to be currently in custody for alleged political crimes. For space reasons, this list for the most part includes only those already convicted and sentenced to terms of imprisonment. It also does not include death sentences, which are normally carried out soon after sentencing unless an appeal is pending. The large majority of the offenses involve allegations of separatism or other state security crimes. Because of limited access to information, this list must be con- sidered incomplete and only an indication of the scale of the situation. In addition, there is conflicting information from different sources in some cases, including alternate spellings of names, and the information presented below represents a best guess on which informa- tion is more accurate. Sources: HRIC, Amnesty International, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, International Campaign for Tibet, Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy, Tibet Information Network, Southern Mongolia Information Center, Uyghur Human Rights Project, World Uyghur Congress, East Turkistan Information Center, Radio Free Asia, Human Rights Watch. INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION DATE OF NAME DETENTION BACKGROUND SENTENCE OFFENSE PRISON Hada 10-Dec-95 An owner of Mongolian Academic 6-Dec-96, 15 years inciting separatism and No. 4 Prison of Inner Bookstore, as well as the founder espionage Mongolia, Chi Feng and editor-in-chief of The Voice of Southern Mongolia, Hada was arrested for publishing an under- ground journal and for founding and leading the Southern Mongolian Democracy Alliance (SMDA). Naguunbilig 7-Jun-05 Naguunbilig, a popular Mongolian Reportedly tried on practicing an evil cult, Inner Mongolia, No. -
Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Rural Reconstruction and Recovery in Sichuan China
POST-WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE RURAL RECONSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY IN SICHUAN CHINA: MEMORY, CIVIC PARTICIPATION AND GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION by Haorui Wu B.Eng., Sichuan University, 2006 M.Eng., Sichuan University, 2009 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Interdisciplinary Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) September 2014 ©Haorui Wu, 2014 Abstract On May 12, 2008, an earthquake of a magnitude of 7.9 struck Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, which affected 45.5 million people, causing over 15 million people to be evacuated from their homes and leaving more than five million homeless. From an interdisciplinary lens, interrogating the many interrelated elements of recovery, this dissertation examines the post-Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction and recovery. It explores questions about sense of home, civic participation and reconstruction primarily based on the phenomenon of the survivors of the Wenchuan Earthquake losing their sense of home after their post-disaster relocation and reconstruction. The following three aspects of the reconstruction are examined: 1) the influence of local residents’ previous memories of their original hometown on their relocation and the reconstruction of their social worlds and lives, 2) the civic participation that took place throughout the post-disaster reconstruction, 3) the government interventions overseeing and facilitating the entire post-disaster reconstruction. Based on fieldwork, archival and document research, memory workshops and walk-along interviews, a qualitative study was conducted with the aim of examining the earthquake survivors’ general memories of daily life and specific memories of utilizing space in their original hometown. -
World Bank Document
RP360 V5 World Bank Financed Sichuan Urban Development Project (SUDP) Mianyang Sub-project Remaining Loan Adjustment- Roads & Supporting Infrastructure Construction in the Cluster Zone of Public Disclosure Authorized Relocated Industries Through Post-disaster Reconstruction in Xinglong Area of Science & Education Pioneer Park of Mianyang Science and Technology City Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement Action Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Mianyang Science and Technology City Development and Investment (Group) Co., Ltd. November 2009 Public Disclosure Authorized World Bank Financed SUDP Mianyang Sub-project Remaining Loan Adjustment-Roads & Supporting Infrastructure Construction in the Cluster Zone of Relocated Industries Through Post-disaster Reconstruction in Xinglong Area of Science & Education Pioneer Park of Mianyang Science and Technology City Compilation Description The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is of great importance to smooth implementation of Science & Education Pioneer Park Project in Mianyang, Sichuan, especially to those affected by land acquisition and house demolition within the scope of the Project. Local governments, Mianyang Science and Technology City Development Investment (Group) Co., Ltd. and Southwest Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute of China, which is a design institute, attempt to minimize adverse impact of the Project on local residents through constantly repeated optimum designs. Mianyang Science & Technology City Development Investment (Group) Co., Ltd. has prepared the RAP with -
Martial Arts from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia for Other Uses, See Martial Arts (Disambiguation)
Martial arts From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Martial arts (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) Martial arts are extensive systems of codified practices and traditions of combat, practiced for a variety of reasons, including self-defense, competition, physical health and fitness, as well as mental and spiritual development. The term martial art has become heavily associated with the fighting arts of eastern Asia, but was originally used in regard to the combat systems of Europe as early as the 1550s. An English fencing manual of 1639 used the term in reference specifically to the "Science and Art" of swordplay. The term is ultimately derived from Latin, martial arts being the "Arts of Mars," the Roman god of war.[1] Some martial arts are considered 'traditional' and tied to an ethnic, cultural or religious background, while others are modern systems developed either by a founder or an association. Contents [hide] • 1 Variation and scope ○ 1.1 By technical focus ○ 1.2 By application or intent • 2 History ○ 2.1 Historical martial arts ○ 2.2 Folk styles ○ 2.3 Modern history • 3 Testing and competition ○ 3.1 Light- and medium-contact ○ 3.2 Full-contact ○ 3.3 Martial Sport • 4 Health and fitness benefits • 5 Self-defense, military and law enforcement applications • 6 Martial arts industry • 7 See also ○ 7.1 Equipment • 8 References • 9 External links [edit] Variation and scope Martial arts may be categorized along a variety of criteria, including: • Traditional or historical arts and contemporary styles of folk wrestling vs. -
World Title Double-Header Tops Mont-Carlo Showdown
WORLD TITLE DOUBLE-HEADER TOPS MONT-CARLO SHOWDOWN Eddie Hearn’s Matchroom Boxing and the Casino de Monte-Carlo are delighted to confirm further details of The Monte-Carlo Showdown – an unmissable evening of World Championship boxing taking place in the stunning and unique Monaco setting on Saturday November 30, shown live on Sky Sports in the UK and DAZN in the US. At the top of the card, undefeated Russian contenders Alexander Besputin (13-0, 9 KOs) and Radzhab Butaev (12-0, 9 KOs) collide for the vacant WBA Welterweight World title in what is a big step up for both men. Besputin, stablemate of three-division World Champion and pound-for-pound star Vasiliy Lomachenko, was an elite amateur at international level before turning pro in 2015 and earning his No.1 ranking with the WBA by racking up 12 straight wins. Butaev, ranked No.2 at 147lbs by the WBA, shares an almost identical record as his compatriot and ‘The Python’, also based in the USA, will be aiming to take home the bragging rights as well as his first World title in what is set to be a barn burner. “This is a long time coming for me,” said Besputin. “I know I belong with the best Welterweights, and November 30 is my opportunity to prove that. I've prepared for this fight my entire boxing life. I had over 300 fights as an amateur and fought the best fighters the world had to offer. I am used to traveling to fight the best, and I look forward to impressing the fans in Monaco." “I am excited and honoured to be fighting for a World title,” said Butaev. -
Rethinking Classical Tibetan Pedagogy the Importance of Applying Multidisciplinary Research to Tibetan As a Second Language Education (TSL) Abstract
Contact the author Rethinking Classical Tibetan Pedagogy The Importance of Applying Multidisciplinary Research to Tibetan as a Second Language Education (TSL) Abstract The following paper explores classical Tibetan language pedagogy as it’s generally practiced in the West, while suggesting a radical reinterpretation to that approach by providing alternatives based on the consensus of multidisciplinary research from second language education and linguistics, among others. Especial attention is paid to the importance of production processes (speaking and writing), phonology (listening and speaking), and environment (language exposure) and their roles in language learning contexts; these concerns lead us to the conclusion that the spoken language ought to be the basis for the study of sophisticated literature, even in a classical language context. We then turn toward the specific issues of Tibetan language literacy: the language diglossia; its history; why “classical” Tibetan is not a classic example of a classical language; and, briefly, how to overcome these obstacles in a Tibetan as a Second Language (TSL) educational context. Table of Contents Abstract Table of Contents 1. GrammarTranslation: The Current Model 2. Issues in Second Language Learning & Literacy (a) Production (b) Phonology (c) Environment (d) A Summary of Second Language Learning Issues 3. The Tibetan Diglossia and Its Effects on Second Language Learning (a) Diglossia: A Brief History and Its Modern Context (b) The Diglossia in Tibetan Language Education (c) The Classical Tibetan Misnomer (d) Tibetan Language Studies in Academia (e) Overcoming Language Diglossia for TSL 4. Conclusion 1 Rethinking Classical Tibetan Pedagogy The Importance of Applying Multidisciplinary Research to Tibetan as a Second Language Education (TSL)1 It’s safe to say that in the Tibetan language learning world, much ado is made about textual translation. -
Re-Inventing Bcud Len As Vitalising Dietary Supplements in Contemporary Tibetan Medicine
Asian Medicine 7 (2012) 196–224 brill.com/asme Treating Essence with Essence: Re-inventing bcud len as Vitalising Dietary Supplements in Contemporary Tibetan Medicine Barbara Gerke Abstract Bcud len (pronounced chulen) or ‘essence extraction’ practices have been described in classical Tibetan medical and religious texts as an element of rejuvenation therapies and preventive anti- ageing methods. These practices include the ingestion ofbcud len pills taken as a dietary supple- ment or as a substitute for food during meditation and fasting retreats. This paper1 discusses how ideas of bcud len are interpreted by Men-Tsee-Khang-trained Tibetan doctors in India as ‘health tonics’ and ‘dietary supplements.’ What underlies contemporary Tibetan medical ideas of an ‘essence extraction’ in relation to Tibetan rejuvenation therapies and pharmacological manufac- turing practices of such ‘tonics’? I argue that not all bcud len are ‘essence extractions’ and that what constitutes an ‘essence’ receives various interpretations by contemporary Tibetan doctors. Ethnographic examples presented are based on postdoctoral fieldwork in Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh, India (2009–2010). Keywords Dietary supplements, essence extraction, bcud len, Tibetan medicine, Tibetan pharmacology, Sorig products Introduction The prolongation of life has occupied people’s thoughts in a multitude of dif- ferent cultural contexts. From myths and folk tales on the ‘fountain of youth’ to physiological-medical, alchemical, ritual and meditative long-life practices, longevity has been of vital concern in many societies. It has also been an important aspect of Asian medical systems, recently especially in the context of the pharmaceutical manufacturing of rejuvenating and aphrodisiac prod- ucts, largely marketed as dietary supplements. -
The Tibetan Nonviolent Struggle: a Strategic and Historical Analysis
ICNC MONOGRAPH SERIES The Tibetan Nonviolent Struggle: A Strategic and Historical Analysis Tenzin Dorjee ICNC MONOGRAPH SERIES Cover photos: (l) John Ackerly, 1987, (r) Invisible Tibet Blog SERIES EDITOR: Maciej Bartkowski John Ackerly’s photo of the first major demonstration in Lhasa in 1987 CONTACT: [email protected] became an emblem for the Tibet movement. The monk Jampa Tenzin, who is being lifted by fellow protesters, had just rushed into a burning VOLUME EDITORS: Hardy Merriman, Amber French, police station to rescue Tibetan detainees. With his arms charred by the Cassandra Balfour flames, he falls in and out of consciousness even as he leads the crowd CONTACT: [email protected] in chanting pro-independence slogans. The photographer John Ackerly Other volumes in this series: became a Tibet advocate and eventually President of the International Campaign for Tibet (1999 to 2009). To read more about John Ackerly’s The Power of Staying Put: Nonviolent Resistance experience in Tibet, see his book co-authored by Blake Kerr, Sky Burial: against Armed Groups in Colombia, Juan Masullo An Eyewitness Account of China’s Brutal Crackdown in Tibet. (2015) Invisible Tibet Blog’s photo was taken during the 2008 Tibetan uprising, The Maldives Democracy Experience (2008-13): when Tibetans across the three historical provinces of Tibet rose up From Authoritarianism to Democracy and Back, to protest Chinese rule. The protests began on March 10, 2008, a few Velezinee Aishath (2015) months ahead of the Beijing Olympic Games, and quickly became the largest, most sustained nonviolent movement Tibet has witnessed. Published by the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict The designations used and material presented in this publication do P.O. -
Field Investigation on Industrial Buildings in Mianyang District and Some
th The 14 World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China Field Investigation on Industrial Buildings in Mianyang District and Some Advices on Post-earthquake Rehabilitation and Seismic Design 1 2 HU Kongguo and WANG Yanke 1 Senior Engineer, Structure Evaluation &Strengthening Div.,China Electronics Engineering Design Institute, Beijing, China 2 Engineer, Structure Evaluation &Strengthening Div., China Electronics Engineering Design Institute, Beijing ,China Email:[email protected],[email protected] ABSTRACT : The 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake has caused a huge loss to the lives of Sichuan people and their properties. Immediately after the earthquake, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China sent an earthquake loss investigation team to arrive at the five regions heavily hit by the earthquake, namely Chengdu, Deyang, Mianyang, Guangyuan and Yaan, etc., to investigate the damages to industrial buildings and equipment as well as the loss of human lives. This paper only deals with the damages to the industrial buildings caused by this earthquake, which also includes the post-quake reinforcement and retrofitting proposals as well as advices on the seismic design of industrial buildings to be built in this region in the future. KEYWORDS: Field Damage Investigation; Industrial Buildings; Post-earthquake Rehabilitation 1. OVERVIEW OF DAMAGE TO INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS IN MIANYANG CITY CAUSED BY THE EARTHQUKE With a jurisdiction over two districts, one city and six counties and a total area of 20,000km2 and a population of 5.29 million, Mianyang City features six major industrial sectors such as electronics and information, metallurgy, automobile and auto part, building material, bio-pharmacy and foodstuff as well as textile, etc. -
Asian Traditions of Wellness
BACKGROUND PAPER Asian Traditions of Wellness Gerard Bodeker DISCLAIMER This background paper was prepared for the report Asian Development Outlook 2020 Update: Wellness in Worrying Times. It is made available here to communicate the results of the underlying research work with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. The ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or use of the term “country” in this document, is not intended to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this document do not imply any judgment on the part of the ADB concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. ASIAN TRADITIONS OF WELLNESS Gerard Bodeker, PhD Contents I. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................