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Seed Germination Behaviour and Seedling Attributes of Buchanania

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Seed Germination Behaviour and Seedling Attributes of Buchanania The Pharma Innovation Journal 2020; 9(1): 123-128 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 Seed germination behaviour and seedling attributes of TPI 2020; 9(1): 123-128 © 2020 TPI Buchanania lanzan (Spreng.) in South-Eastern www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 11-11-2019 Rajasthan Accepted: 15-12-2019 Minita Sharma Minita Sharma, PS Chauhan, SBS Pandey, P Bhatnagar, MK Sharma and Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, Bhuvnesh Nagar Jhalawar Agriculture University Kota, Rajasthan, India Abstract The present investigation entitled “Seed Germination behaviour and seedling attributes of Buchanania Chauhan PS lanzan (Spreng.) in South-Eastern Rajasthan” was carried out during April 2019 to October 2019 at Department of Forest Biology Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar. and Tree Improvement, Jhalawar Agriculture University The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with twelve plus trees and two concentrations Kota, Rajasthan, India (2.5%, 5%) with a total of twenty four treatments and tree replications. Result revealed that minimum number of days for first seed germination (8.67 days), highest seed germination percentage (68.89) and SBS Pandey survival percentage (90.30) were significantly observed in treatment, T13. Significantly, increased in the Department of Silviculture and seedling growth attributes like collar diameter (4.02 mm), seedling height (27.28 cm) and number of Agroforestry, Jhalawar leaves (14.20) were also recorded maximum in treatment, T13. Agriculture University Kota, Rajasthan, India Keywords: germination behaviour, seedling attributes, Buchanania lanzan, Rajasthan Bhatnagar P Department of Fruit Science, 1. Introduction Jhalawar Agriculture University Chironji is small to medium sized nearly evergreen tree with a small crown and short trunk Kota, Rajasthan, India generally attaining a height up to 18 m and girth up to 1.5 m. Chironji (Buchanania lanzan) belong to the family Anacardiaceae. It bears flowering in the month of January-February and MK Sharma ripen in April-May. Chironji is an important fruit tree of agro-forestry and social forestry. Department of Soil Science ARS, Chironji adopts great significance due to its miscellaneous uses and ability to withstand Kota, Jhalawar Agriculture University Kota, Rajasthan, adverse ecological conditions. In India, the distribution occurs in the state of Rajasthan, India Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Odisha and also found in dry deciduous forests of India. Tewari et al. (2001) [17] reported that Chironji is not cultivated as regular Bhuvnesh Nagar plantation. It is found growing as stray plantation in natural habitat. The oily kernels are the Department of Forest Product most important part and are used in preparation of puddings. The kernel is highly nutritious and Utilization- College of Horticulture and Forestry, and rich in protein (25-30%) and yield sweet oil, which can be used to substitute olive and Jhalawar Agriculture University almond oil (Joshi et.al. 2017) [8]. The fruit of Chironji is most important minor forest based Kota, Rajasthan, India product which is commonly used by local people and it also base of their income source. Fruit yield per plant is 13.20 kg during 9th year of orchard life under rainfed conditions of hot semi – arid ecosystem (Singh et. al., 2018) [16]. Mesocarp of fruit is edible by children (Munde et. al., [13] 2003) .Collection and selling of minor forest based produce; especially Chironji (one of the important multi-purpose forest species) brings income to the local inhabitants (Narayan et.al. 2014) [14]. In India there is only 25% production of Chironji kernels against the requirement. Therefore, there is huge gap between productions of Chironji against demand (Chauhan et. al., 2018) [4]. Chironji seeds are recalcitrant in nature and it lose viability soon even after 3 months of harvesting. Such seeds may require special treatments like stratification, scarification, soaking in water, growth regulators etc., for overcoming dormancy. Pre-sowing treatment with [15] chemicals like GA3, KNO3 and thiourea (Rajamanickram et. al., 2002) improve the seed germination of Chironji. 2. Materials and Methods Corresponding Author: The present investigation was carried out at College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar Minita Sharma (Rajasthan), under the supervision of the Department of Forest Biology and Tree Department of Forest Biology Improvement, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar (Agriculture University Kota) and Tree Improvement, during April 2019 to October 2019. The experimental design was Randomize Block Design Jhalawar Agriculture University Kota, Rajasthan, India with twelve plus trees and two concentrations of H2SO4 (2.5% and 5%) with a total of twenty ~ 123 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal http://www.thepharmajournal.com four treatments. Nursery bed was prepared of a bed size of 20 and FYM in the ratio of 3:1:1. After pre sowing treatment, m x1 m and white polythene bags were filling with Soil, Sand seeds were sown in polythene bags. Table 1: Details of the different treatment combinations Treatments Treatment combinations T1 PT1C1 T2 PT2C1 T3 PT3C1 T4 PT4C1 T5 PT5C1 T6 PT6C1 T7 PT7C1 T8 PT8C1 T9 PT9C1 T10 PT10C1 T11 PT11C1 T12 PT12C1 T13 PT1C2 T14 PT2C2 T15 PT3C2 T16 PT4C2 T17 PT5C2 T18 PT6C2 T19 PT7C2 T20 PT8C2 T21 PT9C2 T22 PT10C2 T23 PT11C2 T24 PT12C2 Note: - PT1, PT2……PT12 = Plus Trees, C1 = Conc. of H2SO4 2.5%, C2=Conc. of H2SO4 5% Survey and demarcation of plus tree of Chironji Table 2: Scoring/points for each traits as per given score The fruits of twelve plus trees from three different villages Straightness Score namely Acharpura, Aamkho and Baith of Shahbaad tehsil (Baran District) were collected for the present investigation. Crooked 1 Following parameters were recorded for seedling growth and Less crooked 2 attributes: Nearly straight 3 Straight 4 Tree parameters Taper Score 1. GPS Locations of trees 2. Diameter at breast height (cm) 3. Clear bole height (m) 4. Total tree height (m) Steep taper 1 5. Branching angle 6. Bark thickness (mm) Moderate taper 2 7. Taper 8. Straightness of bole Near cylindrical 3 9. Disease defect Table 2: Plus tree parameters PT GPS (N) GPS (E) Village DBH (cm) Bole height (m) Total height (m) BA Bark thickness (mm) Taper score SS DD 0 0 0 PT1 25 10'14" 77 08'34" Acharpura 66.55 3.50 9.60 45 1.00 3 3 No 0 0 0 PT2 25 10'11.29" 77 08'50.43" Acharpura 43.70 3.00 6.00 30 1.10 3 3 No 0 0 0 PT3 25 10'11.29" 77 08'50.43" Acharpura 48.70 3.00 5.50 90 1.20 3 3 No 0 0 0 PT4 25 10'11.29" 77 08'50.43" Acharpura 61.70 2.60 6.00 45 0.90 3 2 GM 0 0 0 PT5 25 10'11.12" 77 08'50.60" Acharpura 47.15 2.40 6.00 70 1.00 3 4 No 0 0 0 PT6 25 10'10.54" 77 08'50.60" Acharpura 61.65 2.20 5.50 50 1.00 3 3 No 0 0 0 PT7 25 10'11.12" 77 08'50.60" Acharpura 90.20 1.70 5.90 75 1.00 3 3 No 0 0 0 PT8 25 10'10.85" 77 09'28.89" Baith 50.10 2.00 6.50 70 1.10 3 4 No 0 0 0 PT9 25 10'10.85" 77 09'28.89" Baith 45.90 2.30 6.00 45 1.00 3 3 No 0 0 0 PT10 25 10'30.79" 77 08'55.09" Aamkho 60.10 2.50 7.00 80 0.80 3 4 No 0 0 0 PT11 25 09'22" 77 10'55" Aamkho 45.20 3.00 6.50 70 1.00 3 3 No 0 0 0 PT12 25 09'20" 77 10'60" Aamkho 46.90 2.40 6.00 45 1.10 3 3 GM Note- PT- Plus trees, BA- Branching angle, DD- Disease defects, SS- Straightness Score, DBH- Diameter at breast height, GM- Gummosis Seed preparation the April it was soaked in normal water for three days and First of all, medium size phenotypically superior trees were then after 3 days soaking, fruits were clean by hand, and then selected from different villages, namely Acharpura, Aamkho seeds were separated from detached pulp through proper and Baith of shahbaad tehsil of Baran district of Rajasthan. washing. Then after seeds were treated with Conc. H2SO4 Collected fruits were brought to the laboratory and stored it in (2.5% and 5%) for 10 minutes and thereafter seeds were refrigerator for the periods of nine months. In the month of washed by hands in proper flow of water. The observations ~ 124 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal http://www.thepharmajournal.com were recorded daily on germination parameters. The date of germination rate deteriorated. first plumule emergence was recorded and computing the difference between date of sowing and plumule emergence Germination percentage was recorded as a number of days taken for germination. The A perusal of data presented in the Table 3 reveals that the germination percentage was calculated by using below maximum germination percentage after 30 days after sowing formula: was recorded under T13 (68.89) which was found at par with T14 (66.67), T22 (64.44), T23 (62.96), T17 (62.22), T20 (62.22), Germination percentage (%) = (Number of seed T21 (62.22), T15 (62.22), T16 (61.11) T24 (60.00) T19 (60.00), germinated/Number of seed sown) × 100 T18 (57.58), T2 (57.78), and the minimum germination percentage was observed in T12 (40.00). These results are in The survival percentage of Chironji seedling was calculated at conformity with the report of Fadimu et al.
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