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The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800S-1900S
The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800s-1900s February 2003 Katrin Bozeva-Abazi Department of History McGill University, Montreal A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Contents 1. Abstract/Resume 3 2. Note on Transliteration and Spelling of Names 6 3. Acknowledgments 7 4. Introduction 8 How "popular" nationalism was created 5. Chapter One 33 Peasants and intellectuals, 1830-1914 6. Chapter Two 78 The invention of the modern Balkan state: Serbia and Bulgaria, 1830-1914 7. Chapter Three 126 The Church and national indoctrination 8. Chapter Four 171 The national army 8. Chapter Five 219 Education and national indoctrination 9. Conclusions 264 10. Bibliography 273 Abstract The nation-state is now the dominant form of sovereign statehood, however, a century and a half ago the political map of Europe comprised only a handful of sovereign states, very few of them nations in the modern sense. Balkan historiography often tends to minimize the complexity of nation-building, either by referring to the national community as to a monolithic and homogenous unit, or simply by neglecting different social groups whose consciousness varied depending on region, gender and generation. Further, Bulgarian and Serbian historiography pay far more attention to the problem of "how" and "why" certain events have happened than to the emergence of national consciousness of the Balkan peoples as a complex and durable process of mental evolution. This dissertation on the concept of nationality in which most Bulgarians and Serbs were educated and socialized examines how the modern idea of nationhood was disseminated among the ordinary people and it presents the complicated process of national indoctrination carried out by various state institutions. -
“Everything Is Politicized”
2010 “Everyth ing is politicized” Competing governments in Strpce/Shtërpcë, Kosovo Abstract: The aim of the research is to gain insight into the practices of parallelism and the influence of framing on this governance system. I obtained this information by taking one municipality, Strpce/Shtërpcë, as a case study. While living there for three months, I analyzed the everyday reality of life for citizens and the local governments. Strpce/Sthërpcë, a municipality in Kosovo of which the population consists of a Serbian majority, has two parallel sets of government related institutions. The governments compete and both claim to be the only legitimate ruler in the municipality. Both base their legitimacy on the claim that the territory is indivisible. Peaceful development in parallelism in Strpce/Shtërpcë will only be achieved when the framing of the situation changes. Significant herein is the inclusion of the youth. By looking into the practices of Strcpe/Shtërpcë I found signs of the dynamics of framing and possibly the weakening of the ‘indivisibility frame’. However regarding subjects that have to do with culture, history or language the indivisibility frame is still strong. Merel Heijke University of Wageningen 1-11-2010 “Everything is politicized” Competing Governments in Strpce/Shtërpcë, Kosovo Merel Heijke MSc ‘International Development Studies’ University of Wageningen 1 November 2010 2 Colofon © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form of by any means, without the prior consent of the authors. This thesis is produced by Merel Heijke, student of Wageningen University in the Netherlands, as part of her MSc-programme. -
Contemporary Changes in the Ethnic Structure of the Population in the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija
Bulletin of Natural Sciences Research DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/bnsr10-25625 Vol. 10, No. 2, 2020, pp. 23-27. Original Scientific Paper CONTEMPORARY CHANGES IN THE ETHNIC STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION IN THE AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA SAŠA MILOSAVLJEVIĆ1, JOVO MEDOJEVIĆ1 1Faculty of Sciences, University in Priština – Kosovska Mtrovica, Kosovska Mtrovica, Serbia ABSTRACT Twenty years (1999 - 2019) after the end of the conflict in the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, it can be stated that nowhere in Europe is there such ethnic segregation of the population as is the case with the AP of Kosovo and Metohija. Following the withdrawal of pumped security forces from the entire territory of Kosovo and Metohija and the entry of the United Nations peacekeeping force into the Serbian Autonomous Province, Kosovo Albanians carried out their persecution from Kosovo through terrorist attacks on Serbs and other non- Albanian populations (Montenegrins, Gorans, Roma, Ashkali) carried out their persecution from Kosovo and Metohija and fundamentally changed the ethnic structure of the Province. An insight into the majority of 223.081 exiles and displaced persons from Kosovo and Metohija indicates an exodus against the Serbs. The number of displaced Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians is estimated at about 100.000. The mass persecution of the Serb and other non-Albanian populations has resulted in tremendous changes in the ethnic structure of the Province, which today, with 93% of the total population, is dominated by Albanians, while other ethnic communities have a participation of 7%. Кeywords: Population, Ethnicity, Kosovo and Metohija. destroyed. The same tendencies have continued to this day, along INTRODUCTION with the desecration of cemeteries, stoning and burning of the returnees’ homes (Medojević & Milosavljević, 2019a). -
Soc Gum 2016 7-1.Pdf
СЕРИЯ «СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ И ГУМАНИТАРНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ» SOCIAL STUDIES AND HUMANITIES SERIES Журнал зарегистрирован в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор) Свидетельство о регистрации средства массовой информации Эл. № ФС77-55674 от 28 октября 2013 г. The journal has been registered at the Federal service for supervision of communications, information technology and mass media (Roskomnadzor) Mass media registration certificate El. № FS 77-55674 of October 28, 2013 Том 2, №1(7). 2016 Volume 2, № 1(7). 2016 СЕТЕВОЙ НАУЧНО-ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ONLINE SCHOLARLY PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL Издается с 2014 г. First published online: 2014 ISSN 2408-932X ISSN 2408-932X РЕДАКЦИОННАЯ КОЛЛЕГИЯ EDITORIAL TEAM Главный редактор: Ольхов П.А., доктор философских наук, профессор кафедры философии и теологии социально-теологического факультета Белгородского Editor-in-chief: PAVEL A. OLKHOV, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of государственного национального исследовательского университета Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Theology and Social Sciences, National Research University Заместитель главного редактора: Волкова О.А., доктор социологических наук, “Belgorod State University” профессор, заведующая кафедрой социальной работы социально-теологического Deputy chief: OLGA A. VOLKOVA, Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Head of the Department of факультета Белгородского государственного национального исследовательского Social Work, Faculty of Theology and Social Sciences, National Research -
Destruction and Preservation of Cultural Heritage in Former Yugoslavia, Part II
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 29 Issue 1 Article 1 2-2009 Erasing the Past: Destruction and Preservation of Cultural Heritage in Former Yugoslavia, Part II Igor Ordev Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Slavic Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Ordev, Igor (2009) "Erasing the Past: Destruction and Preservation of Cultural Heritage in Former Yugoslavia, Part II," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 29 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol29/iss1/1 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ERASING THE PAST: DESTRUCTION AND PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Part II (Continuation from the Previous Issue) By Igor Ordev Igor Ordev received the MA in Southeast European Studies from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. Previously he worked on projects like the World Conference on Dialogue Among Religions and Civilizations held in Ohrid in 2007. He lives in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. III. THE CASE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIA Just as everyone could sense that the end of the horrifying conflict of the early 1990s was coming to an end, another one was heating up in the Yugoslav kitchen. Kosovo is located in the southern part of former Yugoslavia, in an area that had been characterized by hostility and hatred practically ‘since the beginning of time.’ The reason for such mixed negative feelings came due to the confusion about who should have the final say in the governing of the Kosovo principality. -
A1993literature.Pdf
ALBANIAN LITERATURE Robert Elsie (1993) 1. The historical background - II. Attributes of modern Albanian literature - III. Literature of the post-war period - IV. Literature of the sixties, seventies and eighties - V. Albanian literature in Kosovo - VI. Perspectives for the future - VII. Chronology of modern Albanian literature 1. The historical background Being at the crossroads between various spheres of culture has never been a gain to the Albanians as one might have expected. An Albanian national culture and literature1 was late to develop and had enormous difficulty asserting itself between the Catholic Latin civilization of the Adriatic coast, the venerable Orthodox traditions of the Greeks, Serbs and Bulgarians and the sophisticated Islamic culture of the Ottoman Empire. First non-literary traces of written Albanian are known from the 15th century, e. g. Bishop Paulus ’ baptismal formula of November 8, 1462. Beginning with the Missal (Meshari) of Gjon Buzuku2 in 1555, the early Albanian literature of the 16th and 17th century with its primarily religious focus might have provided a foundation for literary creativity in the age of the Counter- Reformation under the somewhat ambiguous patronage of the Catholic Church, had not the banners of Islam soon been unfurled on the eastern horizons. The Ottoman colonization of Albania, which had begun as early as 1385, was to split the Albanians definitively into three spheres of culture, all virtually independent of one another: 1) the cosmopolitan traditions of the Islamic Orient using initially -
I Am Anemone" Contains True Stories of Survivors of Sexual Violence of the Last War in Kosovo
The book "I am Anemone" contains true stories of survivors of sexual violence of the last war in Kosovo. Publishing of this book was supported by medica mondiale and Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development - BMZ Medica Gjakova Gjakovë, 2019 I am ANeMONE Gjakovë, 2019 Published by: Medica Gjakova Co-authors: Medica Gjakova Salie Gajtani Osmankaq The voice of the survivors was confessed to: Fehmije Luzha Nderime Sahatqija Dafina Cana Shpresa Frrokaj Leonita Gojani Hana Doli Editor: Salie Gajtani Osmankaq Reviewer: Shpresa Frrokaj Proofreader: Agim Jaka Translators: Yll Byci Vllaznim Byci Graphic Design: Agron Rexha Publisher: Litografia - Gjakovë ANEMONE When a storm approaches her, SHE picks up her pet- als to make her feel safer, so that no part is cut off, so that no petals are lost. Day-by-day storms strengthen her… Light winds heal the wounds caused by storms. She is purple and yellow, pride and hope. SHE believes in a bet- ter life. SHE feels free amidst the light flying winds that wave and bring freshness to her early mornings, in the early days of spring, in the most beautiful season. She carries a lot of love in her, at the same time she is fragile and beautiful because only SHE sees the world differently. SHE hopes to live her love like on those other beauti- ful days of spring, by reliving those mornings once again. SHE is afraid of the dark and closes herself in search of light, until she reaches morning. SHE expects the sun to rise again and again… SHE is best defended when she fights on the battle- field, amidst the blurry thoughts that unwittingly come to her and her bitter fate, which sometimes slams her to the ground. -
The Public Secret and Private Pain of Wartime Sexual Violence: Comparing the Heroinat Memorial and the 2020 Newborn Monument from the Perspective of Ngos in Kosovo
SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2020 The Public Secret and Private Pain of Wartime Sexual Violence: Comparing the Heroinat Memorial and the 2020 Newborn Monument from the Perspective of NGOs in Kosovo Martha Beliveau SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons, European History Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, Social Influence and oliticalP Communication Commons, Women's History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Beliveau, Martha, "The Public Secret and Private Pain of Wartime Sexual Violence: Comparing the Heroinat Memorial and the 2020 Newborn Monument from the Perspective of NGOs in Kosovo" (2020). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 3270. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/3270 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Public Secret and Private Pain of Wartime Sexual Violence: Comparing the Heroinat Memorial and the 2020 Newborn Monument from the Perspective of NGOs in Kosovo -
Amendments to Comprehensive Proposal for the Kosovo Status Settlement by the Negotiating Team of the Republic of Serbia
2 March 2007 Amendments to Comprehensive Proposal For the Kosovo Status Settlement by the Negotiating Team of the Republic of Serbia 2 March 2007 1 2 March 2007 Table of Contents General Principles..................................................................................................................3 Annex I - Constitutional Provisions.....................................................................................13 Annex II -The Rights of Communities and Their Members................................................21 Annex III - Decentralization................................................................................................25 Attachment to Annex III – Delineation of Serb Majority Municipalities............................36 Annex IV - Justice System...................................................................................................44 Annex V-Religious and Cultural Heritage............................................................................49 Annex VI - International Debt..............................................................................................56 Annex VII - Property and Archives......................................................................................58 Annex VIII -Kosovo Security Sector....................................................................................63 Annex IX - International Civilian Representative.................................................................67 Annex X -European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) Mission.....................................72 -
INTRODUCTION This Check List of the Plants of New Jersey Has Been
INTRODUCTION This Check List of the Plants of New Jersey has been compiled by updating and integrating the catalogs prepared by such authors as Nathaniel Lord Britton (1881 and 1889), Witmer Stone (1911), and Norman Taylor (1915) with such other sources as recently-published local lists, field trip reports of the Torrey Botanical Society and the Philadelphia Botanical Club, the New Jersey Natural Heritage Program’s list of threatened and endangered plants, personal observations in the field and the herbarium, and observations by other competent field botanists. The Check List includes 2,758 species, a botanical diversity that is rather unexpected in a small state like New Jersey. Of these, 1,944 are plants that are (or were) native to the state - still a large number, and one that reflects New Jersey's habitat diversity. The balance are plants that have been introduced from other countries or from other parts of North America. The list could be lengthened by hundreds of species by including non-persistent garden escapes and obscure waifs and ballast plants, many of which have not been seen in New Jersey since the nineteenth century, but it would be misleading to do so. The Check List should include all the plants that are truly native to New Jersey, plus all the introduced species that are naturalized here or for which there are relatively recent records, as well as many introduced plants of very limited occurrence. But no claims are made for the absolute perfection of the list. Plant nomenclature is constantly being revised. Single old species may be split into several new species, or multiple old species may be combined into one. -
Tracheophyte of Xiao Hinggan Ling in China: an Updated Checklist
Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e32306 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.7.e32306 Taxonomic Paper Tracheophyte of Xiao Hinggan Ling in China: an updated checklist Hongfeng Wang‡§, Xueyun Dong , Yi Liu|,¶, Keping Ma | ‡ School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China § School of Food Engineering Harbin University, Harbin, China | State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ¶ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Hongfeng Wang ([email protected]) Academic editor: Daniele Cicuzza Received: 10 Dec 2018 | Accepted: 03 Mar 2019 | Published: 27 Mar 2019 Citation: Wang H, Dong X, Liu Y, Ma K (2019) Tracheophyte of Xiao Hinggan Ling in China: an updated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e32306. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e32306 Abstract Background This paper presents an updated list of tracheophytes of Xiao Hinggan Ling. The list includes 124 families, 503 genera and 1640 species (Containing subspecific units), of which 569 species (Containing subspecific units), 56 genera and 6 families represent first published records for Xiao Hinggan Ling. The aim of the present study is to document an updated checklist by reviewing the existing literature, browsing the website of National Specimen Information Infrastructure and additional data obtained in our research over the past ten years. This paper presents an updated list of tracheophytes of Xiao Hinggan Ling. The list includes 124 families, 503 genera and 1640 species (Containing subspecific units), of which 569 species (Containing subspecific units), 56 genera and 6 families represent first published records for Xiao Hinggan Ling. The aim of the present study is to document an updated checklist by reviewing the existing literature, browsing the website of National Specimen Information Infrastructure and additional data obtained in our research over the past ten years. -
The Diversity of Plants Used for the Traditional Dish Sarma in Turkey: Nature, Garden and Traditional Cuisine in the Modern Era
Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 2017. 29(6): 429-440 doi: 10.9755/ejfa.2016-09-1238 http://www.ejfa.me/ REGULAR ARTICLE The diversity of plants used for the traditional dish sarma in Turkey: nature, garden and traditional cuisine in the modern era Yunus Dogan1, Anely Nedelcheva2*, Andrea Pieroni3 1Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, Izmir, Turkey, 2Department of Botany, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, 3University of Gastronomic Sciences, Bra, Pollenzo, Italy ABSTRACT The selection of leaves for the traditional dish sarma is the result of human experience and observation, and the transfer of traditional knowledge in regions differing in the richness of their species. The purpose of this study is to update the list of leaf vegetable plants that are used to prepare the traditional dish sarma and to analyse the biodiversity of the species used and their status in the Turkish flora. Seventy-three taxa whose leaves are used to prepare sarma in Turkey are reported. The prevalent species are those of Rumex (11), Salvia (5), Beta and Malva (4), Alcea, Arum, Brassica, Morus, and Plantago (3). Wild herbaceous plants (69.5%) dominate. Trees (8) and shrubs (2) mostly belong to the Rosaceae, Moraceae, Betulaceae and Malvaceae. Grapevine and cabbage predominate, together with beet, dock, sorrel, horseradish, European lime tree, bean, and spinach. The use of leaves of three endemics was recorded: Centaurea haradjianii, Rumex gracilescens, and Rumex olympicus. Some toxic plants are used following preliminary treatment, including those of Arum, Convolvulus, Tussilago and Smilax species. Colocasia esculenta is a novel sarma plant that has been used in cuisine in the last decade, following its introduction to Turkey.