DOCSLIB.ORG

Saddam Hussein

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Saddam Hussein THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR Wednesday, October 16, 2002 Streets of Baghdad US military in Middle East Dohuk The Tigris Riveriveveer divides thee Iraqi capitalapital into twot parts:partpa a modernrnn RUSSIA Black Sea KAZAKHSTAN UZBEKISTAN western sectiononn anda an olderer easternern area accessibleaccessib onlyo byy brbridges.ridg BULGARIA GEORGIA NINEVEH Directorate of Military Current range of Iraqi Intelligence Ababil-100 and Al Samoud TURKMENISTAN Mosul Arbil missiles, 100 miles.* Ministry of TURKEY NO-FLY ZONE Defense HQ Nahr Diyala River Caspian Muthenna Air Base Secret police HQ Sea 36th parallel Republican Intelligence service HQ Guard HQ Air Defense SYRIA Mosul Tehran Baath Party HQ Operations CYPRUS Kirkuk Saddam Presidential Center Beirut International T LEBANON HATRA (10+) palace igris R Damascus IF US TROOPS MARCH ON BAGHDAD THIS YEAR, they’ll be Halabja Airport Rasheed ISRAEL Baghdad IRAN Air Base Mediterranean Amman walking into the “cradle of civilization.” iver Sea Jerusalem IRAQ KUWAIT Basra Situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, this fertile, Facilities* JORDAN defensible land contributed thousands of years ago to the rise of Balji Government Major rail lines Military O 5 miles writing, law, and agriculture (see Iraq Timeline: Babylon to (150,000) BAHRAIN *Locations as of 1991 Gulf War EGYPT Baghdad at www.csmonitor.com/iraqtimeline). O 5 km SAUDI Tikrit Sources: AP; CIA; US Air Force. AP ARABIA The powerful empires, including Ottoman, Babylonian, and Riyadh British, have long since fallen, and modern Iraq’s wealth – it Khanakin QATAR (100,000) U.A.E. controls roughly 11 percent of the world’s oil reserves – Haditha OMAN is entangled by UN sanctions. The nation has (7,000) At 168,709 square Pub Date:10/15/02miles, Slug:15OZIRAQMAP312.eps Iraq is slightly Size: 19p6 x 3-1/16Key " Current range of been ravaged by war, ostracized by the larger than California Red TOM BROWN – STAFF ILLUSTRATOR.eps US Navy bases Sea Iraqi Al Hussein West, and battered by its leader, (163,696 sq. miles). US Army bases missile, 400 miles.* © Copyright 2002, The Christian Science Publishing Society 1 Norway St., Boston, MA 02115 SUDAN Saddam Hussein. Distributed by the UnitedSources: Feature CIA World Syndicate. For info callIR customerAQ service at 800-221-4816. US air bases East Baghdad (11+) Factbook; World Baghdad Jump-off area ERITREA Arabian Though united by Mr. Hussein’s Rutbah Almanac, 2002. 33rd parallel for a potential Sea fierce governance for the past 23 assault on Iraq YEMEN years, Iraq is beset by simmering Daura * Estimated figures ETHIOPIA NO-FLY ZONE Sources: AP, Intelligence Online, British Joint Intelligence Agency, US Department of Defense, GlobalSecurity.org. TOM BROWN – STAFF problems. In the north, two Kurdish (100,000) Tig r i s River groups administer semi-independent Karbala BABYLON Iraq’s oil trade but fragile states. In the south, Shiite Since 1997, sanctions have dictated that Iraq sell all of its oil under UN control. The UN spends the revenue on humanitarian Muslims recall their failed 1991 upris- goods such as food, medicine, and farm supplies for Iraqi civilians. But Iraq still gets money by selling oil and goods illegally. ing against Hussein with bitterness. If his regime falls, any new state-building efforts $ $ Najaf Humanitarian goods will need to address the country’s ethnic and reli- sold on black market: IRAQ Oil sold on black market: UMMA Est. $860 million/year gious divisions. Est. $20 million/year Today, US bases in the Middle East are bristling with OIL Eu troops and supplies. But as America weighs the possibility ph r a tes Majnoon Oil sold with UN approval: River B of invasion, Hussein’s fighters are manning defensive posi- Nasiryah B T (20) Avg. $6 billion/year T L L E E A A tions across Iraq – and possibly readying an arsenal of Archeological sites K K West Qurna C R C R K M A GOODS K M A biological and chemical weapons. UR (15) Iraqi military airfields Mary Wiltenburg and James Norton Basra Revenue used for – humanitarian goods: Iraqi Special Republican Guard Avg. $6 billion/year Rumaila Basra Iraq quick facts: (10+) (140,000) Sources: AP, Reuters, Washington Post. UNITED NATIONS LILIAN AKWISOMBE – STAFF •Population: 23,331,985 (July 2001 est.) Iraqi Republican Guard Forces •Capital: Baghdad pop 4,797,000 (2001 est.) •Infant mortality rate: 58 deaths/1,000 live births (compared to 7/1000 Iraqi Army Divisions in US; 2002 est.) 0 20000 miles •Life expectancy: 67 years (2001 est.) Saddam’s presidential palaces (approximate locations) Sources: GlobalSecurity.org; CIA World Factbook; •Airports: 110 (2000 est.) (paved runways: 76; unpaved: 34) US Department of Energy; Platts; 0 200 km •Telephone lines in use: 675,000 (1997) Oil fields (reserves in billions of barrels, 1998) Perry-Castaneda Map Collection, University of Texas. Sunnii Shiite •Television broadcast stations: 13 (1997) SYYRIAY Arabs Oil refineries (crude refining capacity in barrels per day, 2000) Iraq map: Dave Herring and IRAN •Televisions: 1.75 million (1997) Art Direction: Stuart S. Cox Jr. and Sunni Shiite •Internet service providers: 1 (2000) Research: Leigh Montgomery and Alan Messmer Kurds Kurds T Sources: CIA World Factbook; US Department of Energy; World Almanac, 2002. R Sources: AP; 1981 Current Biography; Iraqi mission to the United Nations; “Tales of a Tyrant” (by Mark Bowden, The Atlantic Monthly, May 2002); Encyclopedia of the Orient. Photos from left to right: AP, Jassim Mohammed/AP, AP/FILE, Jack Dabaghian/REUTERS, Jamal Saidi/REUTERS. Euphrate Shiites CHILDHOOD PRISON RISE TO POWER OIL AND OIL MONEY PRESIDENT GULF WAR INSPECTIONS / ANOTHER WAR? Sunni Arabs Hussein is born on April When a 1963 Baath When he escapes, he organizes In 1972 Hussein In June 1979, Hussein Iraqi forces invade Kuwait in August SANCTIONS Hussein is 28, 1937, in a mud house party coup overthrows a militia that brings the Baath begins to nationalize seizes the Iraqi 1990; seven months later they’re The UN requires that Hussein now engaged in a small village near Kassem, Hussein Party back to power in a the country’s oil presidency; in August, driven out by a US-led coalition army. open Iraq to weapons inspectors; in a difficult Tikrit. Orphaned at an returns to Iraq, gets bloodless 1968 coup. Hussein industry, formerly he orders the execution Allied bombing causes 100,000 strict international sanctions are diplomatic early age, he is raised on involved in the new becomes vice-chairman of the under the control of of about 400 members military casualties and destroys most dance: trying 1979 imposed until he does. Living 2002 ShiiteShiit and d a melon farm by a devout government, and Revolutionary Command 1970s Western companies. of his party. Meanwhile, IRAN / IRAQ WAR of the country’s military infrastructure. conditions worsen; as many as to win the SAUDI Sunni Arabs Sunni uncle. In later years, marries his first cousin Council, behind his cousin, Iraq sits on at least unrest in Iran provokes support of 1980-1988 1990-1991 1992-2002 1937-1954 1955-1962 1963-1966 1967-1979 In September 1980, Iraq invades 800,000 Iraqi children die. In ARABIA relatives from his town Sajida Khairallah Talfah. Gen. Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr. 11 percent of the Iraqi Kurds, who have, 1995, Hussein’s sons-in-law other Arab states, and playing become some of his most SCHOOL / EXILE That same year, the Targeted by multiple coup and world’s oil – the over the past two Iran, beginning – with US aid – an historical rivals (and Security In 1955, he enrolls at a nationalist inconclusive eight-year war that defect to Jordan with their wives powerful advisers and Baath regime is assassination attempts, they second-largest deacades, staged and leak Iraqi weapons secrets; Council veto holders) Russia and the 65 YEARS OF henchmen; they earn the secondary school in Baghdad, and overthrown. Hussein respond with mass executions reserve in the world, after Saudi Arabia. numerous rebellions kills as many as 1.5 million people. US against each other. If the US has joins the Baath Arab Socialist Party. Iraq is internationally condemned UN inspectors locate and destroy Q nickname “Tikriti mafia.” spends a year in hiding, that lead Amnesty International Hussein uses the new oil revenue to against Hussein and his weapons. Hussein lures his two its way, the leader’s 23-year reign In 1959, he tries (but fails) to and then is caught and to condemn Iraq as one of the build schools, hospitals, and roads; to predecessors. Relations for its tactical use of chemical may be nearing its end. But many SADDAM assassinate Iraqi military leader weapons, its execution of political sons-in-law back to Iraq and has imprisoned from 1964 world’s worst violators of human fund literacy programs; and to between Iraq and Iran them killed. wonder who – or what – will replace Abdul Karim Kassem, and then to 1965. rights. decontaminate water. deteriorate. opponents, and the murder, by him. WAIT HUSSEIN flees to Cairo, where he studies law. poison gas, of thousands of Kurds..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sõjateadlane
    SÕJATEADLANE Estonian Journal of Military Studies 13 / 2019 CULTURAL, PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES SERIES Volume I Religion and Politics in Multicultural Europe: Perspectives and Challenges Edited by Alar Kilp and Andres Saumets Volume II Extremism Within and Around Us Edited by Alar Kilp and Andres Saumets Volume III The Law of Armed Conflict: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives Edited by Rain Liivoja and Andres Saumets Volume IV Sõna sõjast ja sõda sõnast. Tekste ja tõlgendusi War of Words, Words of War. Texts and Interpretations Edited by Andres Saumets and Vladimir Sazonov Volume V Operatsioon “Iraagi vabadus”: kümme aastat hiljem Operation “Iraqi Freedom”: Ten Years Later Edited by Andres Saumets, Holger Mölder and René Värk Volume VI The Crisis in Ukraine and Information Operations of the Russian Federation Edited by Vladimir Sazonov, Andres Saumets and Holger Mölder Volume VII Kümme aastat Vene-Georgia 2008. aasta sõjast: peegeldusi hübriidsõjast ja Venemaa poliiti- listest ambitsioonidest Ten Years after the Russo-Georgian War of 2008: Reflections on Hybrid Warfare and Russia’s Political Ambitions Edited by Karl Salum and Andres Saumets Volume VIII Zapad 2017 infosõja vaatepunktist Zapad 2017 from the Perspective of Information Warfare Edited by Andreas Ventsel, Vladimir Sazonov and Andres Saumets Volume IX Russia, Syria and the West: From the Aftermath of the Arab Spring in the Middle East to Radicalization and Immigration Issues in Europe Edited by Vladimir Sazonov, Illimar Ploom and Andres Saumets ESTONIAN MILITARY ACADEMY
    [Show full text]
  • Saddam Hussein
    Saddam Hussein ﺻﺪام ﺣﺴﻴﻦ :Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (/hʊˈseɪn/;[5] Arabic Marshal Ṣaddām Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Maǧīd al-Tikrītī;[a] 28 April ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺘﻲ 1937[b] – 30 December 2006) was President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 Saddam Hussein ﺻﺪام ﺣﺴﻴﻦ April 2003.[10] A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Party—which espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and socialism—Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup (later referred to as the 17 July Revolution) that brought the party to power inIraq . As vice president under the ailing General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, and at a time when many groups were considered capable of overthrowing the government, Saddam created security forces through which he tightly controlled conflicts between the government and the armed forces. In the early 1970s, Saddam nationalized oil and foreign banks leaving the system eventually insolvent mostly due to the Iran–Iraq War, the Gulf War, and UN sanctions.[11] Through the 1970s, Saddam cemented his authority over the apparatus of government as oil money helped Iraq's economy to grow at a rapid pace. Positions of power in the country were mostly filled with Sunni Arabs, a minority that made up only a fifth of the population.[12] Official portrait of Saddam Hussein in Saddam formally rose to power in 1979, although he had already been the de 1979 facto head of Iraq for several years.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq: Bbb Ackground on Hhhuman Rrrights Ccconditions, 19841984----19921992
    August 1993 Vol. 5, Issue 5 IRAQ: BBBACKGROUND ON HHHUMAN RRRIGHTS CCCONDITIONS, 19841984----19921992 This newsletter contains background information about human rights violations in Iraq, gathered by Middle East Watch in July and August 1992 from victims, eyewitnesses and family members currently living in exile in Syria and Jordan. It serves as a supplement to the Middle East Watch publications "Human Rights in Iraq" (Yale University Press: 1990) and "Endless Torment: The 1991 Uprising in Iraq & its Aftermath" (June 1992). With a few exceptions, the Iraqis interviewed for this publication left their country in 1991 or early 1992. For most, it was the first time they had been outside Iraq, and thus the first time they could speak freely about abuses that they or their relatives had endured, or that they themselves had witnessed. The first part of the newsletter examines some of the methods used by the regime's security apparatus to maintain control of Baghdad and southern Iraq after the post-war March 1991 uprisings were crushed. The second section includes detailed testimonies about human rights abuses from 1984 to 1989. TABLE OF CONTENTS Maintaining Control: 19911991----19921992................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2222 Security Forces Open Fire on Baghdad Demonstration
    [Show full text]
  • Saddam Hussein, Saddam Hussein Was the President of Iraq
    Animal Farm Research Chapter.3 By: Zion and Caeleb The world leader we picked was Saddam Hussein, Saddam Hussein was the president of Iraq. He was born on April 28, 1937, in Al-Awja Iraq. Hussein was raised by his mother, her second husband Ibrahim al­Hassan and her brother Khairallah Talfah.Hussein's first wife, Sajida, was his first cousin, the daughter of his maternal uncle Khairallah Talfah. Many of Hussein's family members were part of his regime. Brother­in­law Brig. General Adnan Khairallah was Minister of Defense. Sons­in­law General Hussein Kamel, husband to Raghad Hussein, led Iraq's nuclear, chemical and biological weapons program and his brother, Colonel Saddam Kamel, husband to Rana Hussein, was in charge of the presidential security forces. Eldest son Uday was head of the Iraqi Olympic Committee and younger son Qusay was head of the Internal Security Forces. And half­brother Busho Ibrahim was the Deputy Minister of Justice. 1956 ­ Takes part in an unsuccessful coup to overthrow King Faisal II and Prime Minister Nuri as­Said.1957 ­ Hussein formally joins the Baath Socialist Party.July 14, 1958 ­ King Faisal is killed in a coup led by Abdul Karim Kassem.October 1959 ­ Hussein and others attack the motorcade of Abdul Karim Kassem. The assassination attempt fails and most of the attackers are killed. Hussein escapes and flees to Syria. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser hears of Hussein's exploits and arranges for him to travel to Cairo.February 8, 1963 ­ Kassem is overthrown and executed, and the Baath Party takes over.
    [Show full text]
  • Sadam Husein Es Uno De Los Personajes Más Importantes Del Siglo XX
    Sadam Husein es uno de los personajes más importantes del siglo XX. El dictador, con unas ideas imperialistas basadas en la voluntad de dominar los países árabes y de afirmar su país, Irak, como la nueva Babilonia antigua, ejerce su supremacía durante más de 20 años, en los que impone un sistema político que combina los conceptos dictatoriales soviéticos y nazis con los procedentes de las ideologías árabes y tribales. Su autoridad en Oriente Medio lo conduce a entrar en guerra contra Irán y a atribuirse un territorio independiente —Kuwait— sin temor a la oposición internacional ni a la de los Estados Unidos. Con todo, los errores de estrategia militar que comete a partir de los años noventa merman su poder de liderazgo en Irak, país que poco a poco se sume en el caos. Esta guía estructurada y concisa te invita a concoer a este embajador de las ideas panárabes y defensor de la laicidad republicana árabe frente al creciente auge de un islamismo extremista que asola el país vecino, Irán, y que inspira temor en todos los países occidentales y árabe-musulmanes. Sin embargo, sus métodos dictatoriales, que se apoyan en su familia y su tribu, el clan sunita, y que se opone a los chiítas, demasiado religiosos, así como a los kurdos, demasiado independentistas, sacudirá Oriente Medio y el mundo entero. Página 2 Mylène Théliol Sadam Husein El ascenso y la caída del dictador iraquí En 50 minutos Historia - 0 ePub r1.0 Titivillus 01-04-2020 Página 3 Mylène Théliol, 2017 Traducción: Marina Martín Serra Editor digital: Titivillus ePub base r2.1 Página 4 SADAM HUSEIN ¿Nacimiento? El 28 de abril de 1939 en Al Auya, un pueblo cerca de Bagdad (Irak).
    [Show full text]
  • Leadership Style and Diversionary
    Syracuse University SURFACE Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Political Science - Dissertations Affairs 2011 Leadership Style And Diversionary Theory Of Foreign Policy: The Use Of Diversionary Strategies By Middle Eastern Leaders During And In The Immediate Aftermath Of The Gulf War Kilic Bugra Kanat Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/psc_etd Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Kanat, Kilic Bugra, "Leadership Style And Diversionary Theory Of Foreign Policy: The Use Of Diversionary Strategies By Middle Eastern Leaders During And In The Immediate Aftermath Of The Gulf War" (2011). Political Science - Dissertations. 104. https://surface.syr.edu/psc_etd/104 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract The diversionary theory of war is one of the most speculated about and debated theories in foreign policy literature. The theory argues that government leaders who are confronted with public antagonism over domestic economic, social, and political problems sometimes start wars to divert their populaces‘ attention from domestic problems and therefore to survive politically. Numerous foreign policy conflicts have been interpreted as being diversionary in nature and it has been commonplace for analysts to examine the domestic politics and problems of countries that engage in international conflict. Specifically, the use of force by US Presidents against external actors, such as U.S. President George H.W. Bush‘s operation against Grenada and the First Gulf War, and U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ba'th Party in Iraq: from Its Beginning Through Today
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1993-12 The Ba'th Party in Iraq: from its beginning through today Cabana, Joel L. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39665 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA AD-A276 153 ~TC T'-7'CTE S•,AR 0 11994 S"'•THESIS THE BA'TH PARTY IN IRAQ: FROM ITS BEGINNING THROUGH TODAY by Joel L. Cabana December 1993 Thesis Advisor: Ralph H. Magnus Second Reader: Kanil T. Said Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 94-06643 - 2• R 068 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE form Approved ,~or~aI OMB NO 0704-0ie8 PNX ow i~ngDW,•aeA for this colloc'uoo of ml/oenatiort ,s "i,ritlgdlq 1o ever&"l~ i hour per respo)nse. inc4ludin t"• tirrf/ ltO reviewing instructios, searching eqwvfing dat|al 10.rc Silow:;• and mai4ntaiin the data needed. and coring tin and reviewing the ci'linoft of *focqlOna- Send commients re~rtdig th~tslovitat"q estionte or &nv olne, #%we(t Of lZi ,~ont~o of nfm4( , *•llh! v•t~n ~ N ,Wc this for~e o oh•O , ur*.trs rtv Clit, 0'rectOrate vof infoitnotO O,rotno era , tiona I l Dnd ,. ii is iteltrTion 04..S "h.y. Suite 14. 47lo n. 9Vr•i , PO214 the OUf O ie f Management and Budgt I'iaPrwoki d01 .on Project (004-014) Washington. OC 20503 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 12. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED 11993 December Masters Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE S. FUNDING NUMBERS The Ba'th Party in Iraq: From Its Beginning Through Today 16.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Iraq: Dictatorship, Democracy
    THE FUTURE OF IRAQ DICTATORSHIP, DEMOCRACY, OR DIVISION? Liam Anderson and Gareth Stansfield 01 anderson fm 12/15/03 11:57 AM Page i THE FUTURE OF IRAQ This page intentionally left blank 01 anderson fm 12/15/03 11:57 AM Page iii THE FUTURE OF IRAQ DICTATORSHIP, DEMOCRACY, OR DIVISION? Liam Anderson and Gareth Stansfield 01 anderson fm 12/15/03 11:57 AM Page iv THE FUTURE OF IRAQ Copyright © Liam Anderson and Gareth Stansfield, 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published 2004 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 1–4039–6354–1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Anderson, Liam D. The future of Iraq : dictatorship, democracy, or division? / by Liam Anderson and Gareth Stansfield. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–4039–6354–1 hardcover 1. Iraq—Politics and government—1958- 2. Iraq War, 2003. 3. Democracy—Iraq. 4. Iraq—Ethnic relations. I. Stansfield, Gareth R. V. II. Title. DS79.65.A687 2004 956.7044’3—dc22 2003058846 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Explaining Refugee Return and Transnationalism
    A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details IRAQI REFUGEES’ ASSISTED AND SPONTANEOUS RETURN FROM SYRIA AND JORDAN VANESSA IARIA THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF PHD IN MIGRATION STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX APRIL 2013 ii I hereby declare that this thesis has not been, and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Signature: __________________________________ iii Table of contents List of figures vi List of abbreviations vii Foreign terms ix Acknowledgments xi Map of the Middle East xiii Map of Iraq and neighbouring countries xiv Summary xv Chapter One: Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction: background and aim of the study 1 1.2 Assisted refugee return to conflict and post-conflict situations 3 1.3 Spontaneous refugee return and transnational migration 8 1.4 Outline of the thesis 13 Chapter Two: Explaining refugee return and transnationalism 16 2.1 Introduction 16 2.2 Regionalism and
    [Show full text]
  • Saddam Hussein : a Biography Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    SADDAM HUSSEIN : A BIOGRAPHY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Shiva Balaghi | 204 pages | 30 Dec 2005 | ABC-CLIO | 9780313361883 | English | Westport, United States Saddam Hussein : A Biography PDF Book He is founding editor of the scholarly journal Israel Affairs, now in its sixteenth year, and founding general editor of a Routledge book series on Israeli History, Politics and Society. In his State of the Union address in January of , the U. Hussein was raised in the farming village of Tikrit by his widowed mother. Web Sites McCallester, Matthew. Inari Rautsi. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. The days of glory were short lived and soon, owing to never ending conflicts and battles with the neighboring countries, and later with the West, the country was reduced to a barren land. Mills rated it liked it Sep 06, Such reports were denied by doctors. Saddam Hussein following his capture by U. Such large-scale social programs were unheard of in any other Middle Eastern country. A few years later, in , he ordered the execution of Tiled portrait of Saddam Hussein in Tikrit, Iraq. Reports of Saddam sightings popped up occasionally, but proved to be false. In the war ended in a stalemate, with no side claiming a real victory. In an open letter to the American people, Hussein said that the attacks on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center were retribution for the death and destruction America has unleashed against foreigners, including the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Gulf War and economic sanctions against Iraq. Bush named Iraq as part of his so-called "Axis of Evil," along with Iran and North Korea, and claimed that the country was developing weapons of mass destruction and supporting terrorism.
    [Show full text]
  • Saddam Hussein * 28
    Saddam Hussein * 28. April 1937 in al-Audscha bei Tikrit; † 30. Dezember 2006 in al-Kazimiyya bei Bagdad. Er war von 1979 bis 2003 Staatspräsident und von 1979 bis 1991 sowie 1994 bis 2003 Premierminister des Irak. Er regierte das Land diktatorisch und wurde später wegen Kriegsverbrechen sowie Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit zum Tode verurteilt und hingerichtet. Kindheit und Jugend: Saddam Hussein wurde in Al-Auja, einem Dorf bei Tikrit am 28. April 1937 in eine ärmliche Bauernfamilie geboren. Sein leiblicher Vater, Hussein al-Majid verstarb während seine Mutter, Subha mit Saddam schwanger war. Im achten Schwangerschaftsmonat verstarb auch Saddams ältester Bruder an einer Krebserkrankung. Infolgedessen beging Subha einen Selbstmordversuch, wurde jedoch von einer jüdischen Familie daran gehindert und finanziell unterstützt. Ebenso versuchte Subha erfolglos ihren ungeborenen Sohn abzutreiben. Subha gab Saddam nach seiner Geburt an ihren Bruder Khairallah Talfah nach Tikrit, welcher als Offizier über einen höheren sozialen Status und Geld verfügte. 1941 wurde Talfah wegen seiner Mitwirkung im Ghailani-Putsch inhaftiert und Saddam musste zu seiner Mutter zurück kehren. Diese hatte mittlerweile einen Verwandten namens Hassan Ibrahim geheiratet und war mit ihm nach Al-Schawisch, ein ärmliches Dorf bei Tikrit gezogen. Hassan Ibrahim war dort übel beleumundet, sein Spitzname im Dorf war "Hassan der Lügner". Ebenso schmückte er sich wohl unverdienterweise mit dem Titel eines Hadschi. Die meisten Quellen beschreiben Saddams Leben im Dorf als Außenseiter, der aufgrund seiner Vaterlosigkeit sozial ausgestoßen blieb. Einzig eine offizielle Biographie schildert ihn als sozial integriertes Mitglied der Dorfgemeinschaft. Saddams Wunsch nach einer Schulausbildung wurde von seinem Stiefvater und seiner Mutter abgeschlagen.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran's Declining Influence in Iraq
    Babak Rahimi Iran’s Declining Influence in Iraq ‘‘Three Whom God Should Not Have Created: Persians, Jews, and Flies,’’ was the provocative title of a pamphlet published in 1940 by Saddam Hussein’s uncle, Khairallah Talfah.1 Saddam himself incorporated such anti-Iranian sentiment into Ba‘athist state ideology after his rise to power in 1979 and into the bloody 1980—1988 Iran—Iraq war. Such hostility is still visible today under the Victory Arch, popularly known as the Crossed Swords, in central Baghdad where thousands of the helmets of Iranian soldiers are held in nets, with some half buried in the ground. Before 2003, every year Saddam and his soldiers would proudly march over the helmets, as the symbol of Iraq’s triumph over Persia. Now, however, such historical enmity appears a distant past. With the 2003 collapse of the Ba‘athist regime and the ascendency of Iraq’s Shi‘a majority in the country’s economic and political life, Iran and Iraq now seem at their most amicable since the 1955 Baghdad Pact when they signed treaties for greater cooperation and aligned against separatist movements as well as the Soviet threat. With the rapid expansion of economic ties and movement of goods, products, and people, relations between the two countries have improved considerably across the border where many bloody battles were fought in the 1980s. Iraqi politicians now regularly visit Tehran while Iranian officials, in turn, travel to Baghdad to meet their counterparts. Along with enhanced elite relations, the growth of cultural and religious interaction also speaks of a revival of historical relations between the two countries that can trace close ties to the Safavid era, when Baghdad and southern Iraq were, periodically between 1508 and 1638, governed by Shi‘a Iranian kings.
    [Show full text]