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Distr. GENERAL 13 November 1991 ENGLISH A Distr. GENERAL A/46/647 13 November 1991 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ARARIWENGLISR Forty-sixth session Agenda item 96 (c) RUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: RUMAN RIGHTS SITUATIONS AND RRPORTS OF SPECIAL RAPPORTSUBSAND REPRESENTATIVES 5aof wots_hv rv- eneral The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly the interim report on the situation of human rights in Iraq prepared by Mr. Max van der Stoel, Special Rapporteur of the Colmnission on Human Rights, in accordance with Commission resolution 1991/74 of 6 March 1991 and Economic ana Social Council decision lQQW256 of 31 May 1991 (see annex). 91-37322 2639c (E) I... ! ?y 'A/46/647 English Peqe 2 CONTENTS I. I’fWRODUCTTOM . ..s..................... 1 - 11 3 II. MBMORARDUMOF THS SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR . 12 - 54 5 III. REPLY OF TNE GOVERNMENTOF IRAQ . ..*.......*........ 55 18 IV. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ..*............................ 56 - 99 59 BpDendicea 1. Persons nho reportedly disappeared in southern Iraq in March 1991 73 2. Persons reportedly arrest& with the Grad Ayatollah . 75 / .,. h/46/647 English Page 3 I. INTRODUCTION 1. At its forty-seventh session, the Commission on Human Rights adopted on 6 March 1991 resolution 1991174 entitled **Situation of human riqbts in Iraq". Resolution 1991/74 referred to reports of various serious human rights violations, vie. '"enforced or involuntary disappearances, mass extrajudicial executions, torture and arbitrary detention**, in addition to the use of chemical weapons "on the Kurdish civilian population, . the forced displacement of hundreds of thousands of Kurds and the destruction of Kurdish towns and villages . and . the deportation of thousands of Kurdish families". Further specific reference was made to the denial of “freedom of expression and of the press". 2. Taking note oE the report of the Commission's Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances (B/CN.4/1991/20, pares. 217 to 2361, the report of the Commission's Special Papporteur on summary or arbitrary executions (E/CN.4/1991/36, paras. 269 to 269) and resolution 1990113 of the Subcommissionon Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities of 30 Auqust 1990, the Commissionexpressed its "grave concern at the flagrant violations of humanrights by the Government of Iraq". The said resolution additionally urged the Government of Iraq "to ensure full respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms*', calling in particular for the halt of *'arbitrary and summaryexecutions as well as the arbitrary detention of political and religious opponents" and for putting to an end **the practices of enforced or involuntary disappearances and the practice of torture". The Government of Iraq was further urge6 to "guarantee full respect for human rights of all persons in Iraq irrespective of their origin, halt deportation of Iraqi citiaens and allow the deported persons to return to their villages of origin and receive reparation for the damage suffered as a result of their forced displacement". 3. By resolution 1991174, the Commissionrequested its Chairman to appoint a special rapporteur to make "a thorough study of the violations of human rights by the Government of Iraq". In so doing, the Special Rapporteur was more specifically directed by the Commissionto consider "all information the special rapporteur may deem relevant, including information provided by intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and any commentsand material provided by the Government of Iraq". The said resolution further urged the Government of Iraq to cooperate with the Commissionand "to afford all necessary assistance to the Special Rapporteur". 4. With respect to the procedural terms of the Special Rapporteur's mandate, the Commissionrequired that a report be submitted to the Commissionat its forty-eighth session and that an interim report be submitted to the General Assembly at its forty-sixth session. 5. On 31 May 1991, the Economic and Social Council adopted decision 19911256 approving Commission resolution 1991174. / . A/46/641 English Page 4 6. Pursuant t0 COllUaissiOn r8SOlutiOn 1991/14 and Economic and Social Council decision 19911256, the Chairman of the Commission appointed, on 25 June 1991, Mr. Max van det Steel as Special Rappotteut. 7. Following the terms and references contained in Commission resolution 1991174, the Special Rappotteur on the situation of human rights in Iraq therefore submits this interim report, outlining the course of study undertaken and providing information on the nature and content of the discowse thus fat established with the Government of Iraq. 6. Given the evident bread* and complexity of the matters being studied, matters further compounded and clearly exacerbated by a continuing state of war tn Iraq through much of the past decade and states of civil unrest in certain parts of Iraq at various times in Iraq's recent history, the Special Rapporteur points out that the approach taken has necessarily been one of careful consideration of all the relevant factors affecting the situation of human tights in Iraq. MOreover, the volwne MU extent of allegations of human tights violations by the Governmclnt of Iraq so far received by the Special Rapporteut (whether in concern of civil and political rights ot economic, social and cultural rights). and each day increasing, are such as to necessitate considerable and detailed examination. Respecting the propriety and necessity of seeking the Government's response to this volume of allegations, the process of study haa further dictated a programme of exchanges of information and views as detailed below. 9. In the conduct of his study, the Special Rapporteur has sought and received information on the situation of human rights from numerous individuals and organisations. This information continues to be sought and received on a daily basis. 10. On 22 July 1991, the Special Bapporteur addressed a letter to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Iraq in which he expressed his interest in establishing direct contacts with relevant authorities of th8 GOV8rIUII8nt of Iraq on all makers pertaining ta his manJat8. Subsequently, a meeting took place on 27 Augirst 1991 between the Special Rapporteur and the COUllS8llOr Of the Permanent MiSsion Of the Republic Of Iraq t0 the GffiC8 of the United Nations at Geneva. At the m88ting, th8 CounSe11Or conveyed the message that the GoverMlent of Iraq f&ended to cooperate fully with th8 Special Rapporteur, with such cooperation including acceptance of a visit to Iraq. In reply, it was suggested by the Special Rapparteur, and thereupon agreed, that the best cours8 of action would be to initiate the study by a written 8XChange which would be followed by a visit to Iraq. The agreed time-frame required the submission of a memoranc¶wn by the Special Rapporteur to the Government of Iraq by mid-September, allowing ths Government of Iraq one month to reply; further exchanges and study cuuld be accommodated through the 8nd of the calender year with th8 visit to take place around the New Year. It is the opinion of the Special Rapporteur that in this way he shall be able to COll8Ct as much information ds possible prior to visiting Iraq, thus making a visit more meaningful and productive. Further, the Special Rapporteur hopes that this programme shall place him in a position to / . A/46/647 English Page 5 report in a comprehensive manner, presenting the most up-to-date information available, to the Commission on Human Rights at its next session. 11. Following the above progrsmme, an initial memorandum summarizing various allegations of human rights violations, and seeking information thereon, was sent by the Special Rapporteur to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq on 16 September 1991 (see para. 12). A reply from the Government of Iraq was received on 25 October 1991. The texts of the memorandzm and of the reply are reproduced below in sections II aud III, respectively. II. MRMORANUUM OF TRR SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR 12. By the following letter, addressed to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Iraq jnd dated 16 September 1991, the Special Rapporteur communicated a memoranbm concerning allegations which he had received: '*Excellency. "With reference to Commission on HumanRights resolution 1991174, by virtue c:f which I was appointed Special RappOAtbw on the situation of human rights in Iraq, I have the honour to refer to my recent meeting of 27 August 1991 with Dr. Al-Kadhi, Counsellor at the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Iraq to the Office of the United Nations at Geneva. "Let me first express my sincere appreciation for your Government's offer, communicated through Dr. Al-Xadhi, of full cooperation with my mandate, including an offer to entertain a visit by me to Iraq. "In the course of the aforementioned meeting of 27 August 1991, a qeneral programmeof cooperation was discussed. To recapitulate, it was agreed that a written exchange would take place prior to the submission of my interim report to the forty-sixth session of the General Aesembly under the terms of resolution 1991/74. It was also agreed that I would submit a memorandumto your Government in mid-September, to which your Government would reply before mid-October so as to enable me to present the position of your Government to the General Assembly, "With the intention of visiting Iraq as close as possible to the date of submission of my report to the Commissionon HumanRights at its forty-eighth session in February 1992, it was agreed that I would visit Iraq in early January 1992. In terms of the programmeof my visit, I would like to reiterate my requests for the honour of audiences with the President of the Revolutionary Command Council, the Foreign Minister, and such other Ministers of Government as may be appropriate, along with unrestricted access to all parts of the country and to such establishments, centres, compounds, buildings, documents, persons, etc., as may be deemed necessary for me to carry out my mandate, accompanied by such United Nations personnel and necessary advisers as would be required for the fulfilment of my tasks.
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