The Ba'th Party in Iraq: from Its Beginning Through Today
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1989 Meeting Between Saddam and Senior Iraqi Officials Discussing The
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified 1989 Meeting between Saddam and Senior Iraqi Officials Discussing the Execution of British Journalist Farzad Bazoft, Modifications to Iraq's Constitution, and an Israeli Attack on Iraq's Nuclear Reactor Citation: “Meeting between Saddam and Senior Iraqi Officials Discussing the Execution of British Journalist Farzad Bazoft, Modifications to Iraq's Constitution, and an Israeli Attack on Iraq's Nuclear Reactor,” 1989, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Conflict Records Research Center, National Defense University, SH-SHTP-A-000-910 http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/110542 Summary: Transcript of a meeting between Saddam Hussein and his officials to discuss changes to the Iraqi constitution. Also includes discussion about British Journalist Farzad Bazoft who was arrested as an Iranian spy working for Israel and Britain. Original Language: Arabic Contents: English Translation “Meeting between Saddam and Senior Iraqi Officials Discussing the Execution of British Journalist Farzad Bazoft, Modifications to Iraq's Constitution, and an Israeli Attack on Iraq's Nuclear Reactor” Document Date: Undated (sometime after 1989) CRRC Record Number: SH-SHTP-A-000-910 SH-SHTP-A-000-910 Key: UM = Unidentified Male Speaker Translator Comments, clarifications, and additions are italicized in brackets. Saddam Hussein: [This conversation was already in progress] All of you must circulate the summary of this spy issue to our ambassadors immediately. Tariq Aziz: Yes, [inaudible]. Saddam Hussein: You should deal with them [British reporter Farzad Bazoft and British nurse Daphne Parish] normally. In brief, he [Bazoft] is an Israeli spy; I mean he is an Israeli spy working for the British. -
The Clash of Thoughts Within the Arab Discourse
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2009 The Clash Of Thoughts Within The Arab Discourse Chadia Louai University of Central Florida Part of the Political Science Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Louai, Chadia, "The Clash Of Thoughts Within The Arab Discourse" (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4114. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4114 CLASH OF THOUGHTS WITHIN THE CONTEMPORARY ARAB DISCOURSE By CHADIA LOUAI L.D. University Hassan II, 1992 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts In the department of Political Science In the College of Sciences At the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2009 Major Professor: Houman A. Sadri ©2009 Chadia Louai ii ABSTRACT The Clash of Civilization thesis by Samuel Huntington and the claims of other scholars such as Bernard Lewis reinforced the impression in the West that the Arab world is a homogeneous and rigid entity ready to clash with other civilizations. In fact, some in the West argue that world civilizations have religious characteristics, for that reason the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will be primarily cultural and religious. However, other scholars argue that there is no single Islamic culture but rather multiple types of political Islam and different perception of it. -
Iraq: Opposition to the Government in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI)
Country Policy and Information Note Iraq: Opposition to the government in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) Version 2.0 June 2021 Preface Purpose This note provides country of origin information (COI) and analysis of COI for use by Home Office decision makers handling particular types of protection and human rights claims (as set out in the Introduction section). It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of a particular subject or theme. It is split into two main sections: (1) analysis and assessment of COI and other evidence; and (2) COI. These are explained in more detail below. Assessment This section analyses the evidence relevant to this note – i.e. the COI section; refugee/human rights laws and policies; and applicable caselaw – by describing this and its inter-relationships, and provides an assessment of, in general, whether one or more of the following applies: • A person is reasonably likely to face a real risk of persecution or serious harm • The general humanitarian situation is so severe as to breach Article 15(b) of European Council Directive 2004/83/EC (the Qualification Directive) / Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights as transposed in paragraph 339C and 339CA(iii) of the Immigration Rules • The security situation presents a real risk to a civilian’s life or person such that it would breach Article 15(c) of the Qualification Directive as transposed in paragraph 339C and 339CA(iv) of the Immigration Rules • A person is able to obtain protection from the state (or quasi state bodies) • A person is reasonably able to relocate within a country or territory • A claim is likely to justify granting asylum, humanitarian protection or other form of leave, and • If a claim is refused, it is likely or unlikely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under section 94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. -
Blood and Ballots the Effect of Violence on Voting Behavior in Iraq
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Göteborgs universitets publikationer - e-publicering och e-arkiv DEPTARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE BLOOD AND BALLOTS THE EFFECT OF VIOLENCE ON VOTING BEHAVIOR IN IRAQ Amer Naji Master’s Thesis: 30 higher education credits Programme: Master’s Programme in Political Science Date: Spring 2016 Supervisor: Andreas Bågenholm Words: 14391 Abstract Iraq is a very diverse country, both ethnically and religiously, and its political system is characterized by severe polarization along ethno-sectarian loyalties. Since 2003, the country suffered from persistent indiscriminating terrorism and communal violence. Previous literature has rarely connected violence to election in Iraq. I argue that violence is responsible for the increases of within group cohesion and distrust towards people from other groups, resulting in politicization of the ethno-sectarian identities i.e. making ethno-sectarian parties more preferable than secular ones. This study is based on a unique dataset that includes civil terror casualties one year before election, the results of the four general elections of January 30th, and December 15th, 2005, March 7th, 2010 and April 30th, 2014 as well as demographic and socioeconomic indicators on the provincial level. Employing panel data analysis, the results show that Iraqi people are sensitive to violence and it has a very negative effect on vote share of secular parties. Also, terrorism has different degrees of effect on different groups. The Sunni Arabs are the most sensitive group. They change their electoral preference in response to the level of violence. 2 Acknowledgement I would first like to thank my advisor Dr. -
Sanctions Program: Irak: Verordnung Vom 7. August 1990 Über Wirtschaftsmassnahmen Gegenüber Der Republik Irak (SR 946.206), Anhang Origin: UN Sanctions: Art
Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO Bilateral Economic Relations Sanctions Version of 13.03.2019 Sanctions program: Irak: Verordnung vom 7. August 1990 über Wirtschaftsmassnahmen gegenüber der Republik Irak (SR 946.206), Anhang Origin: UN Sanctions: Art. 2 Abs. 2 (Finanzsanktionen) Sanctions program: Irak: Ordonnance du 7 août 1990 instituant des mesures économiques envers la République d’Irak (RS 946.206), annexe Origin: UN Sanctions: art. 2, al. 2 (sanctions financières) Sanctions program: Iraq: Ordinanza del 7 agosto 1990 che istituisce misure economiche nei confronti della Repubblica dell’Iraq (RS 946.206), allegato Origin: UN Sanctions: art. 2 cpv. 2 (Sanzioni finanziarie) Individuals SSID: 70-1113 Name: Saddam Hussein Al-Tikriti DOB: 28 Apr 1937 POB: Al-Awja, near Tikrit, Iraq Good quality a.k.a.: Abu Ali Nationality: Iraq Justification: Named in 1483 SSID: 70-1121 Name: Qusay Saddam Hussein Al-Tikriti DOB: a) 1965 b) 1966 POB: Baghdad, Iraq Nationality: Iraq Justification: Saddam’s second son; Oversaw Special Republican Guard, Special Security Organization, and Republican Guard Relation: Son of Saddam Hussein Al-Tikriti (SSID 70- 1113) SSID: 70-1129 Name: Uday Saddam Hussein Al-Tikriti DOB: a) 1964 b) 1967 POB: Baghdad, Iraq Nationality: Iraq Justification: Saddam’s Eldest Son; Leader Of Paramilitary Organization Fedayeen Saddam Relation: Son of Saddam Hussein Al-Tikriti (SSID 70-1113) SSID: 70-1137 Name: Abid Hamid Mahmud Al-Tikriti DOB: 1957 (approximately) -
The Future of Socialism
ECONOMIC WEEKLY BOOK REVIEW Wherein lies the cause of their failure, and what is their funda mental weakness ? THE FUTURE OF SOCIALISM There can be abundant discus "LABOUR ON MARCH": Foreword by Asoka Mehta, National sion on this issue although offer Information & Publications, National House, Tulloch Road, ing little practical comfort. Some bombay 1. Rs. 3/12. say that the Socialists have lived too long under the wings and pro "AN OUTLINE OF SOCIALISM": By Suresh Vaidya, Deccan tection of the Congress with the publications, 16, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bangalore. Rs. 3/-. result that they have lost the capacity to take independent deci (Abdul Gani) sions. Others will say that they were only left-wingers, who knew NYONE who has his ear to Why has this come to pass? bow to criticise but never could the ground cannot fail to rea- Why have the Socialists with such offer the alternative. There can that much discontent prevails a golden opportunity beckoning be several theories in the master India, and the people are be- them faltered and hesitated? of this post-mortem, but none con- dered, if not apprehensive, but their future. From the st rabid capitalists down to the terate village peasants, there is current of feeling that this coun ts inexorably drifting into a which the Government at the are unable to check, much avert. This drift on the part the Government is attributed to absence of a national policy, even to a basic misevaluation the problems confronting India (the forces that are bringing it but. The public's anxiety is ther heightened by the lack of Position in the country which uld be capable of correcting the vernment, and in case of need, e their place. -
Hd122-Xxx.Ps
1 108th Congress, 1st Session – – – – – – – – – – – – House Document 108–122 BLOCKING PROPERTY OF THE FORMER IRAQI RE- GIME, ITS SENIOR OFFICIALS AND THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS, AND TAKING CERTAIN OTHER ACTIONS COMMUNICATION FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES TRANSMITTING NOTIFICATION TO EXPAND THE SCOPE OF THE NATIONAL EMER- GENCY DECLARED IN EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 13303 OF MAY 22, 2003, WITH RESPECT TO THE BLOCKING OF PROPERTY OF THE FORMER IRAQI REGIME, ITS SENIOR OFFICIALS AND THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS, AND TAKING CERTAIN OTHER ACTIONS, PURSUANT TO 50 U.S.C. 1703(b) AND 50 U.S.C. 1631 SEPTEMBER 3, 2003.—Referred to the Committee on International Relations and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 19–011 WASHINGTON : 2003 VerDate jul 14 2003 06:52 Sep 06, 2003 Jkt 019011 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 E:\HR\OC\HD122.XXX HD122 E:\Seals\Congress.#13 VerDate jul 14 2003 06:52 Sep 06, 2003 Jkt 019011 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 E:\HR\OC\HD122.XXX HD122 THE WHITE HOUSE, Washington, August 28, 2003. Hon. J. DENNIS HASTERT, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Washington, DC. DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Consistent with section 204(b) of the Inter- national Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), 50 U.S.C. 1703(b), and section 301 of the National Emergencies Act, 50 U.S.C. 1631, I hereby report that I have exercised my authority to expand the scope of the national emergency declared in Executive Order 13303 of May 22, 2003, to address the unusual and extraor- dinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States posed by obstacles to the orderly reconstruction of Iraq, the restoration and maintenance of peace and security in that country, and the development of political, administrative, and eco- nomic institutions, in Iraq. -
The Search for Post-Conflict Justice in Iraq: a Comparative Study of Transitional Justice Mechanisms and Their Applicability to Post-Saddam Iraq, 33 Brook
Brooklyn Journal of International Law Volume 33 | Issue 1 Article 2 2007 The eS arch for Post-Conflict Justice in Iraq: A Comparative Study of Transitional Justice Mechanisms and Their Applicability to Post- Saddam Iraq Dana M. Hollywood Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjil Recommended Citation Dana M. Hollywood, The Search for Post-Conflict Justice in Iraq: A Comparative Study of Transitional Justice Mechanisms and Their Applicability to Post-Saddam Iraq, 33 Brook. J. Int'l L. (2007). Available at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjil/vol33/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brooklyn Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of BrooklynWorks. THE SEARCH FOR POST-CONFLICT JUSTICE IN IRAQ: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISMS AND THEIR APPLICABILITY TO POST- SADDAM IRAQ Dana Michael Hollywood* INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................60 I. TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE .......................................................................63 A. Conceptual Overview .....................................................................63 B. Retributive v. Restorative Justice ...................................................67 C. Truth v. Justice...............................................................................69 1. Truth: A Right to Disclosure?.....................................................70 a. Is -
Similarities and Differences of Moral Education Curriculum in Chinese and American Universities
2020 2nd International Education Technology and Research Conference (IETRC 2020) Similarities and Differences of Moral Education Curriculum in Chinese and American Universities Zhang Fangyuan, Li Changzhen College of Marxism, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, Shaanxi, China Keywords: Chinese and american universities, Moral courses, Similarities and differences, Enlightenment Abstract: Studying the similarities and differences of moral education courses between Chinese and American universities is of great enlightenment to the moral education of college students, especially the ideological and political education. The similarities and differences in the contents of moral education between Chinese and American universities are manifested in the similarities and differences in moral courses, values education and patriotism education. The similarities and differences of moral education methods between Chinese and American universities are shown in situational teaching method and indoctrination method, student-centered teaching method and teacher-centered teaching method. The inspiration from this is to let students gain values through reading what books, penetrate the spirit of the rule of law, carry out patriotic education, and improve the limitations of traditional moral education. “Decentralization” applies to teachers and students, integrates all kinds of new educational resources, enriches diversified teaching methods in the classroom, establishes students' subject orientation, and forms students--The teaching mode of teachers with double subjects. 1. Introduction University moral education courses internalize the human mind through an external spiritual culture. Whether it is American universities or Chinese universities, university moral education courses all contain patriotism, national spirit, social morality and so on. Through the comparison and research of the moral education courses in Chinese and American universities, we can find the rules of the moral education courses in universities. -
Ba'ath Propaganda During the Iran-Iraq War Jennie Matuschak [email protected]
Bucknell University Bucknell Digital Commons Honors Theses Student Theses Spring 2019 Nationalism and Multi-Dimensional Identities: Ba'ath Propaganda During the Iran-Iraq War Jennie Matuschak [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses Part of the International Relations Commons, and the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons Recommended Citation Matuschak, Jennie, "Nationalism and Multi-Dimensional Identities: Ba'ath Propaganda During the Iran-Iraq War" (2019). Honors Theses. 486. https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses/486 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. iii Acknowledgments My first thanks is to my advisor, Mehmet Döşemeci. Without taking your class my freshman year, I probably would not have become a history major, which has changed my outlook on the world. Time will tell whether this is good or bad, but for now I am appreciative of your guidance. Also, thank you to my second advisor, Beeta Baghoolizadeh, who dealt with draft after draft and provided my thesis with the critiques it needed to stand strongly on its own. Thank you to my friends for your support and loyalty over the past four years, which have pushed me to become the best version of myself. Most importantly, I value the distractions when I needed a break from hanging out with Saddam. Special shout-out to Andrew Raisner for painstakingly reading and editing everything I’ve written, starting from my proposal all the way to the final piece. -
THE NATIONALIZATION of INDUSTRY* JOHN Jewkest
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW REVIEW VOLUME 20 SUMMER 1953 NUMBER 4 THE NATIONALIZATION OF INDUSTRY* JOHN JEWKESt I. CLAIMS FOR NATIONALIZATION ATIONALIZATION IS A METHOD of organizing and administering in- dustry whereby the community owns the means of production and the government is, at least in the last resort, responsible for its control. The crux of the idea is that the whole of one industry falling within the boundary of one nation should be subject to a unifying influ- ence. Contemporary nationalization, therefore, is a piecemeal and em- pirical approach to much wider ideas-such as that the whole of industry within one country should be brought under state operation or that the whole of the industry in the world might be usefully organized.to work to- gether under some supernational authority. This piecemeal approach, one industry at a time or one country at a time, is reflected in the view that certain industries are "ripe" for nationalization whilst others are not yet in fit form for the transfer from private to public hands.' * This article was originally presented at a dinner held in honor of Professors Jewkes and Roy Forbes Harrod at the University of Chicago, April 10, 1951. t Professor of Economic Organization, Merton College, Oxford University. I The tests for "ripeness" as set forth by different writers are confusing and not always consistent. Kautsky, The Social Revolution 144 (1902), argued that the big industries should be nationalized first: "Without a developed great industry socialism is impossible. Where, however, a great industry exists to a considerable degree it is easy for a socialist society to concentrate production and to quickly rid itself of the little industries." J. -
The Modern History of Iraq
The Modern History of Iraq THE MODERN HISTORY OF IRAQ Fourth Edition Phebe Marr Ibrahim al- Marashi California State University, San Marcos New York London First published 2017 by Westview Press Published 2018 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2017 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Every effort has been made to secure required permissions for all text, images, maps, and other art reprinted in this volume. A CIP catalog record for the print version of this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 13: 978- 0-8133- 5006- 6 (pbk) Contents List of Illustrations, ix Preface, xi A Note on Transliteration, xvi 1. The Land and People of Modern Iraq 1 Legacy of the Past, 1 The Land, 5 The People, 9 2. The British Mandate, 1920–1932 17 The British Occupation and the Institutions of the Indian School, 18 The 1920 Revolt and Its Results, 19 The Kurdish Problem, 23 Oil and the Slow Pace of Development, 24 The Nationalist Movement: Composition and Outlook, 25 The 1930 Treaty and the End of the Mandate, 27 3.