A Lordship of Nachod [8-11] 17Th-18Th Century 12 2 Stacks, 1 Envelope, 1 Package
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The German Civil Code
TUE A ERICANI LAW REGISTER FOUNDED 1852. UNIERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPART=ENT OF LAW VOL. {4 0 - S'I DECEMBER, 1902. No. 12. THE GERMAN CIVIL CODE. (Das Biirgerliche Gesetzbuch.) SOURCES-PREPARATION-ADOPTION. The magnitude of an attempt to codify the German civil. laws can be adequately appreciated only by remembering that for more than fifteefn centuries central Europe was the world's arena for startling political changes radically involv- ing territorial boundaries and of necessity affecting private as well as public law. With no thought of presenting new data, but that the reader may properly marshall events for an accurate compre- hension of the irregular development of the law into the modem and concrete results, it is necessary to call attention to some of the political- and social factors which have been potent and conspicuous since the eighth century. Notwithstanding the boast of Charles the Great that he was both master of Europe and the chosen pr6pagandist of Christianity and despite his efforts in urging general accept- ance of the Roman law, which the Latinized Celts of the western and southern parts of his titular domain had orig- THE GERM AN CIVIL CODE. inally been forced to receive and later had willingly retained, upon none of those three points did the facts sustain his van- ity. He was constrained to recognize that beyond the Rhine there were great tribes, anciently nomadic, but for some cen- turies become agricultural when not engaged in their normal and chief occupation, war, who were by no means under his control. His missii or special commissioners to those people were not well received and his laws were not much respected. -
When 'The State Made War', What Happened to Economic Inequality? Evidence from Preindustrial Germany (C.1400-1800)
Economic History Working Papers No: 311 When ‘The State Made War’, what Happened to Economic Inequality? Evidence from Preindustrial Germany (c.1400-1800) Felix S.F. Schaff October 2020 Economic History Department, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, London, UK. T: +44 (0) 20 7955 7084. When `the State Made War', what Happened to Economic Inequality? Evidence from Preindustrial Germany (c. 1400-1800) Felix S.F. Schaff ∗ Abstract What was the impact of military conflict on economic inequality? This paper presents new evidence about the relationship between military conflicts and economic inequality in prein- dustrial Germany, between 1400 and 1800. I argue that ordinary military conflicts increased economic inequality. Warfare raised the financial needs of towns in preindustrial times, leading to more resource extraction from the population. This resource extraction happened via inegal- itarian channels, such as regressive taxation. The Thirty Years' War was an exception to that pattern but not the rule. To test this argument a novel panel dataset is constructed combining information about economic inequality in 72 localities and 687 conflicts over four centuries. The analysis suggests that there existed two countervailing effects of conflicts on inequality: destruc- tion and extraction. The Thirty Years' War was indeed a \Great Leveller" (Scheidel 2017), but the many ordinary conflicts { paradigmatic of life in the preindustrial world { were continuous reinforcers of economic inequality. Keywords: Wealth, Inequality, Warfare, Institutions, Political Economy, Germany. JEL Classification: N33, D31, I32, N43, H20. ∗London School of Economics and Political Science. Email: f.s.schaff@lse.ac.uk. This version: October 2020. -
4. Dissemination of ICILS Findings Media, Scientific Community and Practitioners 16
Lessons learned in ICILS 2013 countries - the case of Germany Author: Birgit Eickelmann, NRC Presenter: Eckhard Klieme, GA Representative IEA General Assembly 2015 6 October 2015 Mexico City, Mexico ICILS 2013 in Germany Prof. Dr. Wilfried Bos Prof. Dr. Birgit Eickelmann National Research Coordinator (NRC) National Research Coordinator (NRC) TU Dortmund University Dr. Julia Gerick University of Paderborn National Project Manager TU Dortmund University National Consortium ICILS 2013 German Institute for International Educational Research Prof. Dr. Frank Goldhammer University of Hamburg Prof. Dr. Knut Schwippert Funding Humboldt-University Berlin Federal ministry of Dr. Heike Schaumburg education Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Dr. Martin Senkbeil European Commission (co-funding of IEA fee) 2 Outline 1. Germany’s key results of ICILS 2013 and implications for the national educational system provided by the German national study center 2. Dissemination of ICILS findings media, scientific community and practitioners 3. Implications of ICILS on the policy level shifts in educational agenda on national and federal state level 4. Outlook 3 Outline 1. Germany’s key results of ICILS 2013 and implications for the national educational system provided by the German national study center 2. Implications of ICILS on the policy level shifts in educational agenda on national and federal state level 3. Dissemination of ICILS findings media, scientific community and practitioners 4. Outlook 4 1. Germany’s key results of ICILS 2013 Participants I II III IV V Czech Republic Canada (Ontario) International comparison of Australia 1 Denmark Grade 8 students’ average Poland Norway (Grade 9) computer and information Republic of Korea 1 Netherlands literacy in ICILS 2013 Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) 1 Switzerland RG EU Germany • Average student score in Slovak Republic Russian Federation Germany: 523 1 HongKong SAR RG OECD • Average Ref. -
Gustavplaybook.Pdf
GustavUnder theAdolf Lily the Banners Great 11 Dirschau 1627 • Honigfelde 1629 • Breitenfeld 1631 • Alte Veste 1632 • Lützen 1632 PLAY BOOK Table of Contents All Scenarios .................................................................. 2 Dramatis Personae.................................................. 36 Polish Wars Special Rules.............................................. 4 Swedish Kings and Queens .................................... 37 Dirschau / Tczew ............................................................ 5 The Swedish-Polish Wars of the 17th Centure ...... 38 Honingfelde / Trzciano................................................... 9 Polish Army of the 1620s ....................................... 38 Breitenfeld ...................................................................... 12 The Swedish Army of Gustav Adolf ...................... 38 Alte Veste ....................................................................... 20 Game Tactics III ............................................................. 41 Lützen .......................................................................... 26 Bibliography ................................................................... 44 Edgehill Variant .............................................................. 33 Counterscans .................................................................. 45 Historical Notes .............................................................. 36 Charts and Tables ........................................................... 48 GMT Games, LLC 0602 -
The Wallenstein Portrait Gallery
THE WALLENSTEIN PORTRAIT GALLERY IN THE CHEB MUSEUM A Catalogue of the Permanent Exhibition Cheb 1999 CONTENTS Introduction 5 Eva Dittertová The Wallenstein tradition at the Cheb Museum 7 Eva Dittertová Foreword to the opening of the exhibition, July 27th 1998 8 Danuta Učníková The Wallensteins 10 Stanislav Kasík The family portrait gallery 19 Pavel Blattný Notes on the choice and ordering of the paintings 23 Pavel Blattný The catalogue 25 Pavel Blattný Appendices: The 1749 inventory of paintings from Mnichovo Hradiště château 60 Specialist terms 62 Pavel Blattný Analogies, models, variations 65 Pavel Blattný Lucas van Valckenborch 73 Pavel Blattný Frans Luycx 74 Pavel Blattný 3 INTRODUCTION Eva Dittertová The departure point for the creation of this catalogue was the thesis completed by Pavel Blattný for the Institute of Art History of the Philosophical Faculty of Charles University, Prague, in 1997. His theme was somewhat wider, of course, being concerned with the problematique of the development of the representa- tive, noble portrait in full length in Central Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, and the family gallery of forebears. The Wallenstein Collection served in this thesis as an example of the complex problems that such galleries of family forebears present in terms of Baroque historicism in Bohemia. The first demonstrable Wallenstein „family gallery“ is mentioned at Duchcov in 1731, the second at Mnichovo Hradiště in 1749; the latter ran to 16 pictures, and it is interesting that of the rich choices available among the members of the Wallenstein family, it covers virtually the same range as the Cheb collection (see the 1749 inventory from Mnichovo Hradiště). -
Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation
Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths. -
The Pious and Political Networks of Catherine of Siena
Portland State University PDXScholar University Honors Theses University Honors College 5-23-2018 The Pious and Political Networks of Catherine of Siena Aubrie Kent Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Kent, Aubrie, "The Pious and Political Networks of Catherine of Siena" (2018). University Honors Theses. Paper 553. https://doi.org/10.15760/honors.559 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Abstract This project looks at the career of St. Catherine of Siena and argues that without the relationships she had with her closest followers, who provided social connections and knowledge of the operation of political power, she would not have been able to pursue as active or wide-ranging a career. The examination of Catherine’s relationships, the careers of her followers, and the ways she made use of this network of support, relies mainly on Catherine’s extant letters. Most prior research on St. Catherine focuses on her spirituality and work with the papacy, which leaves out the influence of her local, political environment and the activities of her associates. This work examines Catherine’s place on Siena’s political landscape and within the system of Italian politics more generally. THE PIOUS AND POLITICAL NETWORKS OF CATHERINE OF SIENA by AUBRIE KENT A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS in HISTORY Portland State University 2018 Table of Contents Chronology i Introduction 1 Religious Background 7 Political Background 22 Magnate Families 32 Spiritual Family 50 Conclusion 68 Catherine’s Associates 76 Bibliography 79 Chronology 1347 Catherine is born. -
Wallenstein a Dramatic Poem
Open Book Classics Wallenstein A Dramatic Poem FRIEDRICH SCHILLER TRANSLATED BY FLORA KIMMICH, WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY ROGER PAULIN To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/513 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. ONLINE SURVEY In collaboration with Unglue.it we have set up a survey (only ten questions!) to learn more about how open access ebooks are discovered and used. We really value your participation, please take part! CLICK HERE Wallenstein A Dramatic Poem By Friedrich Schiller Translation and Notes to the Text by Flora Kimmich Introduction by Roger Paulin https://www.openbookpublishers.com Translation and Notes to the Text © 2017 Flora Kimmich. Introduction © 2017 Roger Paulin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Friedrich Schiller. Wallenstein: A Dramatic Poem. Translation and Notes to the Text by Flora Kimmich. Introduction by Roger Paulin. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0101 -
Enea Silvio Piccolomini
Enea Silvio Piccolomini: in search of Europe Autor(es): Martins, Armando Senra Publicado por: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/42978 DOI: DOI:https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-1293-5_4 Accessed : 29-Sep-2021 03:26:05 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. pombalina.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt Este volume reúne um conjunto de artigos que visam indagar de que modo os textos de HVMANITAS SVPPLEMENTVM • ESTUDOS MONOGRÁFICOS autores europeus, firmemente influenciados pela tradição clássica, contribuíram para ISSN: 2182-8814 a definição e transmissão de valores e de perspetivas no quadro de um espaço cultural poliédrico estabelecido ao longo de vários séculos. -
MONTEPULCIANO's PALAZZO COMUNALE, 1440 – C.1465: RETHINKING CASTELLATED CIVIC PALACES in FLORENTINE ARCHITECTURAL and POLITI
MONTEPULCIANO’S PALAZZO COMUNALE, 1440 – c.1465: RETHINKING CASTELLATED CIVIC PALACES IN FLORENTINE ARCHITECTURAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXTS Two Volumes Volume I Koching Chao Ph.D. University of York History of Art September 2019 ABSTRACT This thesis argues for the significance of castellated civic palaces in shaping and consolidating Florence’s territorial hegemony during the fifteenth century. Although fortress-like civic palaces were a predominant architectural type in Tuscan communes from the twelfth century onwards, it is an understudied field. In the literature of Italian Renaissance civic and military architecture, the castellated motifs of civic palaces have either been marginalised as an outdated and anti-classical form opposing Quattrocento all’antica taste, or have been oversimplified as a redundant object lacking defensive functionality. By analysing Michelozzo’s Palazzo Comunale in Montepulciano, a fifteenth-century castellated palace resembling Florence’s thirteenth-century Palazzo dei Priori, this thesis seeks to address the ways in which castellated forms substantially legitimised Florence’s political, military and cultural supremacy. Chapter One examines textual and pictorial representations of Florence’s castellation civic palaces and fortifications in order to capture Florentine perceptions of castellation. This investigation offers a conceptual framework, interpreting the profile of castellated civic palaces as an effective architectural affirmation of the contemporary idea of a powerful city-republic rather than being a symbol of despotism as it has been previously understood. Chapters Two and Three examine Montepulciano’s renovation project for the Palazzo Comunale within local and central administrative, socio-political, and military contexts during the first half of the fifteenth century, highlighting the Florentine features of Montepulciano’s town hall despite the town’s peripheral location within the Florentine dominion. -
Alessandra Becucci, 2011© – Phd Candidate, European University Institute
Alessandra Becucci, 2011© – Phd candidate, European University Institute Paper presented at the 3rd Meeting of the European Network on the Theory and Practice of Biography ENTPB Biography as a Problem: New Perspectives 25-26 February 2011 – Florence, European University Institute Work in progress. Please do not quote or cite without the author’s permission A European identity: Ottavio Piccolomini (1599-1656), soldier, courtier, patron Alessandra Becucci, European University Institute The study of the cultural patronage of Ottavio Piccolomini Pieri d‟Aragona (1599-1656), Italian nobleman and soldier in the Habsburg army, as a key to understand the construction of his socio- political persona and his self fashioning1 as a soldier and a courtier at the Imperial court, accounts for the possibility to study an early modern life course in a transnational perspective. While the concept of self-fashioning as related to cultural patronage has been the object of several investigations, the study of early modern cultural investments made by Seventeenth century career soldiers has only been occasionally touched upon. As an Italian nobleman living the most of his life out of the native country, as a young pike bearer reaching the highest echelons of the imperial military hierarchy and court society, born a Sienese duke and dead an Imperial prince, Ottavio Piccolomini‟s features differentiate him from the better known typologies of art patrons, mainly by reason of the military activity, and the mobility related to it, marking his entire life2. When taking into consideration the peculiarities of his case, it is possible to try and reassess some of the ideas and conclusions drawn about Early modern cultural patronage, such as the definition of „art patron‟ itself. -
UNDERSTANDING GERMAN JURISDICTIONS Larry O
UNDERSTANDING GERMAN JURISDICTIONS Larry O. Jensen P. O. Box 441, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062 RECORDS • A record is the official documentation of names, dates, and places as it pertains to specific events such as the taxing of people, purchasing or leasing of land, mustering of men in the military, etc. • Records are original and are not copies, extracts, or compilations of other records. • The author of a record is generally a government, ecclesiastical or other official entity responsible for having the data recorded. RESOURCES • A resource is the compilation of information gathered from records or that identified the inhabitants living within a cultural area. • It may include an evaluation or explanation of the records and their use. • It may be a compilation including copies or extracts of records. • The author is generally one or more persons, a society, or organization. TYPES OF GERMAN JURISDICTIONS & AREAS • Nobility Jurisdictions - Ruled lands acquired by inheritance, marriage, or military force. They strongly influenced the records that were kept. • Government Jurisdictions - Controlled by nobility and included specific regional, county seat, and district types of records. • Record Jurisdictions - Specific records kept on inhabitants living within a defined area of the government jurisdiction. • Cultural Areas - Based on topographical, former nobility, or tribal areas. Resources and not records were created on the inhabitants of these areas. 1871 GERMAN EMPIRE - NOBILITY JURISDICTIONS Anhalt - Herzogtum (duchy) Schaumburg-Lippe