DOCSLIB.ORG

Timothy Richard's Literary Work in Late Imperial China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Timothy Richard's Literary Work in Late Imperial China God, Western Learning, and Personal Memento: Timothy Richard’s Literary Work in Late Imperial China Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Joachim Kurtz Prof. Dr. Barbara Mittler Chih-wen Kuo Ph.D. Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Philosophy Heidelberg University Date: May 5, 2020 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Background 1 Literature Review 4 Research Data 8 Methodology 10 Structure 13 Chapter 1 Early Periodical Publications 16 Preface 16 Debut 17 Target Readers 22 Witnessing the Power of Media 27 Rethinking Missionary Work 34 Adjustments in Chinese Periodical Publications 38 Conclusion 45 Chapter 2 The Challenge of Promoting Christianity with Western Learning 47 Preface 47 Introducing Western Learning 51 Proposing New Methods 55 Criticisms from Colleagues 57 Responding to Criticisms 74 Relevant Discussion in Missionary Circles 84 Conclusion 87 Chapter 3 The Enterprise of Literary Work 89 Preface 89 Establishing the Theoretical Standpoint 90 Dual Role: Author and Publisher 95 Richard’s Literary Work 102 Strategy of Balance 107 The Influence on Chinese Newspapers 110 Inclusion in Huangchao jingshi wenbian 116 Extensive Exposure in Media 121 Time to Change 125 Conclusion 130 Chapter 4 Personal Memento: The News Cuttings Book 133 Preface 133 Compilation 135 Report and Advice from the Far East 140 Book Reviews and a New Readership 148 In Contrast to Previous Publications 156 Conclusion 160 Conclusion 162 Preface 162 Summary of the Dissertation 163 Reflection on Transcultural and Micro-historical Approaches 173 Further Studies of Timothy Richard 176 Epilogue 177 Appendix A 179 1. Herbert Dixon’s Correspondence 179 2. Joshua Turner’s Correspondence 199 3. Timothy Richard’s Correspondence 227 Appendix B 250 1. Richard’s Articles in the First Edition of Huangchao jingshiwen xinbian 250 2. Richard’s Articles in Huangchao jingshiwen sanbian 253 3. Richard’s Articles in Huangchao jingshiwen tongbian 256 4. Richard’s Articles in Huangchao jingjiwen xinbian 258 5. Richard’s Articles in Huangchao xuai wenbian 260 Appendix C 264 The Catalog of Richard’s News Cuttings Book 264 Bibliography 284 Introduction Background Since the early nineteenth century, missionaries from the West imported subjects of Western learning into China, such as politics, economics, history, literature, engineering, medicine, and the natural sciences. Robert Morrison was considered the first missionary working in China at the time when he conducted his work in Canton in 1807. In the beginning missionaries were not allowed to enter inland China. It was not until the first Opium War (1840) that missionaries were allowed to do missionary work in treaty ports. Enlightened Chinese intellectuals, such as Wang Tao 王轁, Wei Yuan 魏 源, and Song Shu 宋恕, were influenced by Western learning and eager to learn it, in order to narrow the bridge between China and the West. Active missionaries, such as Alexander Wylie, Joseph Edkins, William Alexander Parsons Martin, William Muirhead, Young John Allen, John Fryer, Ernst Faber, Timothy Richard, and Gilbert Reid, all played important roles in this narrowing during the second half of the nineteenth century. They not only translated Western books into Chinese, but also published articles through newspapers and magazines to introduce Western learning. Alexander Wylie, for instance, translated the books Huaying tongshang shilue 華 英通商事略 (The Introduction of Trade between China and England), Xiguo tianxue yuanliu 西國天學源流 (The Origin of Astronomy in the West), and started the publication of the magazine Liuhe congtan 六合叢談 (The Shanghai Serial) in Shanghai in 1857. William Alexander Parsons Martin translated the Elements of 1 International Law into Chinese, and published the magazine Zhongxi wenjian lu 中西 聞見錄 (The Peking Magazine) in Peking in 1872. Young John Allen published the books Quanqiu wudazhou nusu tongkao 全球五大洲女俗通考 (The Study of Female Cultures in the Five Continents of the World), Zhongdong zhanshi benmo 中東戰事本 末 (The Whole Course of the Sino-Japanese War), and began the publication of the newspaper Jiaohui xinbao 教會新報 (The Church News) in Shanghai in 1868, which was renamed as Wanguo gongbao 萬國公報 (The Globe Magazine) from 1874. John Fryer translated several scientific books and started the publication of a scientific magazine, Gezhi huibian 格致匯編 (Chinese Scientific Magazine), in Shanghai in 1876. These books and periodical publications widely promoted Western learning in China. Although missionaries in China actively introduced Western learning, in the beginning only a small number of Chinese intellectuals welcomed their ideas. It was not until the first Sino-Japanese war (1894) that a large number of Chinese intellectuals took to studying Western learning more keenly. One example can be cited in order to illustrate this transformation. According to Guangxuehui nianbao jilue 廣學會年報紀 略 (The Annual Reports of the Society for the Diffusion of Christian and General Knowledge Among the Chinese; the Annual Reports of the S.D.C.K.), the number of publications from the society between 1893 and 1898 increased by 20 times, especially those covering the subjects of Western learning, showing that the S.D.C.K.’s publications were fervently welcomed by Chinese intellectuals and widely circulated in the reading market. In addition, many publications from the S.D.C.K. were illegally copied by bookstores, and these publications were not counted in the annual reports. A 2 large number of publications circulating in the market showed that China’s defeat in the first Sino-Japanese war had a great impact on Chinese intellectuals.1 Timothy Richard succeeded Alexander Williamson as the secretary of the S.D.C.K. in 1891. When working in the S.D.C.K., Richard met the time that China started to embrace Western learning. He translated many books which thematized Western learning, such as Shengli fenli zhi bie 生利分利之別 (The Distinction between Production and Consumption) in economics, Nongxue xinfa 農學新法 (The New Farming Methods) in agronomy, Tianxia wudazhou ge daguo 天下五大洲各大國 (Five Continents and Countries in the World) in geography, Bainian yijue 百年一覺 (Looking Backward) in popular literature, and Taixi xinshi lanyao 泰西新史攬要 (An Outline of New Western History) in history. Taixi xinshi lanyao even became one of the best-selling books in China at the time; more than one million copies were published, showing Richard’s influence on Chinese intellectual circles.2 In addition to translating Western books into Chinese, Richard also took to publishing articles in newspapers and magazines, acting as one of the pioneers to promote Western knowledge through the media in China. He served as the editor of Shibao 時報 (The China Time) and Wanguo gongbao, publishing several articles in support of China’s reforms. Richard fully understood the influence of new media, and deliberately used them to disseminate Western knowledge. Due to his periodical 1 Li Renyuan 李仁淵, “Chuanbo meiti de zhengzhihua 傳播媒體的政治化 (The Politicalization of Media),” Wanqing de xinshi chuanbo meiti yu zhishifenzi 晚清的新式傳播媒體與知識份子 (New Media and Intellectuals in the Late Qing), New Taipei: Daw Shiang Publishing Co., ltd., 2013, p. 104. 2 Xiong Yuezhi 熊月之, “Litimotai: ‘Guizi daren’李提摩太: ‘鬼子大人’ (Timothy Richard: ‘Special Foreigner’,” Xixue dongjian yu wanqing shehui 西學東漸與晚清社會 (Western Learning to the East and the Late Qing Society), Peking: China Renmin University Press (revised version), 2011, pp. 466- 489. 3 publications, Richard’s opinions were widely circulated during the reform movement in 1896-98, exerting a great influence among Chinese intellectuals. Literature Review When William E. Soothill published Richard’s biography Timothy Richard of China in 1924, Richard’s personal image had been established as a “Seer, Statesman, Missionary & The Most Disinterested Adviser the Chinese Ever Had.”3 He was not only a missionary who was involved with Christian movements in China, but also an advocator who, through his publication in the media, advised Chinese intellectuals for the promotion of political and social reform.4 The transformation of late Qing China was a theme which was emphasized by many scholars.5 Due to China’s transformation from the imperial to a republican age, the example of Richard is repeatedly cited in the study of modern Chinese political reforms. One of the topics concerning China’s transformation was that of knowledge through enlightenment, in which new thoughts transmitted from the West to China was especially emphasized. 3 It is the sub-title of William E. Soothill’s book, Timothy Richard of China: Seer, Statesman, Missionary & The Most Disinterested Advisor the Chinese Ever Had (London: Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd., 1924). 4 Xiong Yuezhi, “Litimotai: ‘Guizi daren’,” Xixue dongjian yu wanqing shehui, pp. 466-489. 5 For instance, Hao Chang, “Intellectual Change and the Reform Movement, 1890-8,” John K. Fairbank and Kwang-Ching Liu, eds., The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 11: Late Ch'ing, 1800-1911, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980, pp. 274-338; Ge Zhaoguan 葛兆光, “Xiyang xinzhi de jinru: shijiu shiji xiabanye Zhongguo zhishi shijie de bianqian 西洋新知的進入：十九世紀下半葉中 國知識世界的變遷 (The Import of Western New Knowledge: The Transformation of the Chinese Knowledge World in the Late 19th Century),” Zhongguo sixiangshi: qi zhi shijiu shiji Zhongguo de zhishi, sixiang yu xinyang 中國思想史：七至十九世紀中國的知識、思想與信仰 (The Intellectual History of China: Knowledge, Thought, Belief from the 7th to the 19th Century), Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2000, pp. 574-609; Pan Kwangche 潘光哲, “Zhuisuo wan Qing yuedushi de yixie
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Refining the Reformer, 1885–91
    3 Refining the Reformer, 1885–91 During his first fifteen years in China, Timothymothy Richard’sRicha mission- ary work had evolved through several approaches.proaches. After engagingen in the traditional evangelistic work directed too the general poppopulace, he decided to assume Chinese apparel, and to seek out the mormomore educated Chinese with whom he could discuss religiousgiousious and philosopphilosophical issues. During the famine of 1876–79, Richard addedddedd yet anotheranotheanother ddimension to his missionary service—practical social work.ork.rk. Reflections ono this experience were to prove a major turning point inn his life. LESSONS FROMROM FAMINEFAMINAMI E RELIEF During relief operations,erations,ations, RichardR had experienced much resistance on the part of the officialsto SAMPLEto p providing for the needs of the people. Besides their fear of a loss of power and control, another factor was their ignorance of both practical knowledge and the benefits that could accrue to them from peaceful relations with representatives of Western nations, most particu- larly the resident missionaries. Richard had become convinced that educa- tion in practical Western learning was the key to change. Chinese leaders could develop an understanding of the laws of God working in the forces of nature and then learn how to use these forces for the benefit of their people. The ultimate purpose of this Western learning, however, was to open these leaders to the Christian faith. In Shanxi, he singlehandedly began this process of enlightening the scholars and officials with lectures and demonstrations of scientific Western 30 © The Lutterworth Press 2015 Refining the Reformer, 1885–91 learning.
    [Show full text]
  • © 2013 Yi-Ling Lin
    © 2013 Yi-ling Lin CULTURAL ENGAGEMENT IN MISSIONARY CHINA: AMERICAN MISSIONARY NOVELS 1880-1930 BY YI-LING LIN DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral committee: Professor Waïl S. Hassan, Chair Professor Emeritus Leon Chai, Director of Research Professor Emeritus Michael Palencia-Roth Associate Professor Robert Tierney Associate Professor Gar y G. Xu Associate Professor Rania Huntington, University of Wisconsin at Madison Abstract From a comparative standpoint, the American Protestant missionary enterprise in China was built on a paradox in cross-cultural encounters. In order to convert the Chinese—whose religion they rejected—American missionaries adopted strategies of assimilation (e.g. learning Chinese and associating with the Chinese) to facilitate their work. My dissertation explores how American Protestant missionaries negotiated the rejection-assimilation paradox involved in their missionary work and forged a cultural identification with China in their English novels set in China between the late Qing and 1930. I argue that the missionaries’ novelistic expression of that identification was influenced by many factors: their targeted audience, their motives, their work, and their perceptions of the missionary enterprise, cultural difference, and their own missionary identity. Hence, missionary novels may not necessarily be about conversion, the missionaries’ primary objective but one that suggests their resistance to Chinese culture, or at least its religion. Instead, the missionary novels I study culminate in a non-conversion theme that problematizes the possibility of cultural assimilation and identification over ineradicable racial and cultural differences.
    [Show full text]
  • Bernard Quaritch Ltd Hong Kong
    Bernard Quaritch Ltd CHINA IN PRINT 22 – 24 November 2013 Hong Kong BERNARD QUARITCH LTD. 40 SOUTH AUDLEY STREET , LONDON , W1K 2PR Tel. : +44 (0)20 7297 4888 Fax : +44 (0)20 7297 4866 E-mail : [email protected] or [email protected] Website : www.quaritch.com Mastercard and Visa accepted. If required, postage and insurance will be charged at cost. Other titles from our stock can be browsed/searched at www.quaritch.com Bankers : Barclays Bank PLC, 50 Pall Mall, PO Box 15162, London SW1A1QA Sort code : 20-65-82 Swift code : BARCGB22 Sterling account IBAN: GB98 BARC 206582 10511722 Euro account IBAN: GB30 BARC 206582 45447011 US Dollar account IBAN: GB46 BARC 206582 63992444 VAT number : GB 840 1358 54 © Bernard Quaritch Ltd 2013 Front cover: item 5 1. AH FONG . The Sino-Japanese Hostilities Shanghai. N.p., 1937 . Album of 110 gelatin silver prints, 2 in a panoramic format approx. 2 x 7½ inches (4.7 x 19 cm.) the remainder 2¼ x 3½ inches (5.5 x 8.3 cm.), a few titled in the negatives, five images including one panorama toned red; all prints numbered on mounts according to a printed index attached at beginning of album (folded), with captions to all images and photographer’s credit ah fong photographer 819 Nanking Road Shanghai; black paper boards, the upper cover decorated in silver, depicting a city skyline ravaged by bombs and tanks with bombers and a warship, black cord tie, oblong 8vo. £3800 / HK$ 47,500 Following the Mukden (or Manchurian) Incident in September 1931, when the Japanese invaded the north-eastern part of China, the Chinese called for a boycott of Japanese goods.
    [Show full text]
  • The Missions in China (WM621) Course Description and Objectives
    The Missions in China (WM621) Fall 2014; Monday: 2:00-5:00 pm Instructors: Dr. Kevin Xiyi Yao, Office Hours: ROM GL 114; Times: (Always best to make appointment) Contact Information: E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: 978-646-4286 O); Byington Scholar: Bin Xia E-mail: [email protected] Course Website: Log into sakai.gcts.edu and click on the tab labeled “WM 621 HA.” Course Description and Objectives As China is emerging as a global power, and Chinese Church as a powerhouse in global Christian movement, people are asking what impacts the Church in China will make upon the international evangelical movement. By providing a survey and interpretation of the Christian presence in China from the 7th century to the present, this course intends to answer this question from various angles. We will draw the lessons from history, point to the characters of the missions and Church in China, highlight the contemporary situation, project the future developments, and discuss the ways the churches from the other parts of the world relate to the Church in China. The experiences of Chinese Church will be examined in the larger context of global Christian movement, and the past and future relationships between the churches in China and the West will be explored. The history of the Protestant movement in the country will receive primary attention and review. The Learning Objectives of this course are stated as follows: Learning Objectives 1. Students will have the opportunities to understand the cultural, social and historical contexts of the missions and the Church in China throughout the ages: whether dominated by Confucianism or Marxism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dharma Through a Glass Darkly: on the Study of Modern
    ‧46‧聖嚴研究 Xian, this research will make a comparative study between the travel literature works of Master Sheng Yen and Fa Xian’s Fo- The Dharma Through guo-ji. This paper will be divided into two parts, the first part will a Glass Darkly: make an observation and analysis on the dialogue which occurred between Master Sheng Yen and Fa Xian through their writing and On the Study of Modern Chinese will deal with the following subjects: how the dialogue between Buddhism Through Protestant two great monks were made, the way the dialogue carried on, and * the contents of the dialogue. The second part of this paper will Missionary Sources focus on the dialectic speeches which appeared in many places of the books, including: see / not to see, sthiti / abolish, past / future. These dialectic dialogues made Master Sheng Yen’s traveling Gregory Adam Scott Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Religion, Columbia University writings not only special in having his own characteristic but also made his traveling writings of great importance and deep meanings in the history of Chinese Buddhist literature. ▎Abstract KEYWORDS： Master Sheng Yen, travel literature, Fa Xian, Fo- European-language scholarship on Buddhism in nineteenth— guo-ji and early twentieth—century China has traditionally relied heavily on sources originally produced by Christian missionary scholars. While the field has since broadened its scope to include a wide variety of sources, including Chinese-language and ethnographic studies, missionary writings continue to be widely cited today; * T his paper is based on presentations originally given at the North American Graduate Student Conference on Buddhist Studies in Toronto in April 2010, and at the Third International Conference of the Sheng Yen Educational Foundation in Taipei in May 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    BIBLIOGRAPHY HUDSON TAYLOR AND THE CHINA INLAND MISSION 1. PRIMARY SOURCES: Publications by J.H. Taylor and the CIM 1.1 JAMES HUDSON TAYLOR China’s Spiritual Need and Claims (London: Morgan & Scott, 1865). Brief Account of the Progress of the China Inland Mission from May 1866 – May 1868 (London: Nisbet & Co.1868). The Arrangements of the CIM (Shanghai: CIM, 1886). Union and Communion or Thoughts on the Song of Solomon. (London: Morgan and Scott, 1894). After Thirty Years: Three Decades of the CIM (London: Morgan and Scott, 1895). Hudson Taylor’s Retrospect (London: OMF Books, Eighteenth Edition, 1974). Unfailing Springs (Sevenoaks: Overseas Missionary Fellowship, n.d.). Union and Communion (Ross-shire: Christian Focus, 1996). 1.2 CIM ARCHIVES (Held at THE SCHOOL FOR ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON and at OMF INTERNATIONAL (UK), BOROUGH GREEN, KENT, ENGLAND) JAMES HUDSON TAYLOR’S PAPERS: Section 1 1849 –1874 Boxes 1-3 Section 2 1853 Box 4 Section 3 1854-1856 Box 4 Section 4 1857-1865 Boxes 5 and 6 Section 5 1866-1870 Boxes 6-8 Section 6 1871-1882 Boxes 9 & 10 Section 7 1883-1886 Box 11 Section 8 1887-1890 Boxes 12 & 13 Section 9 1891-1898 Boxes 14 & 15 Section 10 1899-1905 Boxes 16 & 17 Section 11 General Papers Boxes 18-19 CHINA INLAND MISSION 1. LONDON COUNCIL Section 1-48 2. CIM CORPORATION Section 49-68 3. CHINA PAPERS Section 69-92 4. ASSOCIATE MISSIONS Section 93-96 5. PUBLICATIONS Section 97-433 Periodicals: CIM, Occasional Papers, London 1866-1867 CIM, Occasional Papers, London 1867-1868 CIM, Occasional Papers, London 1868-1869 CIM, Occasional Papers, London 1870-1875 CIM, China’s Millions, London 1875 – 1905 CIM Monthly Notes (Shanghai: CIM, 1908-1913) The China Mission Hand-Book (Shanghai: American Presbyterian Press, 1896).
    [Show full text]
  • The Spreading of Christianity and the Introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949)
    Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Programa de doctorado en Concervación y Restauración del Patrimonio Architectónico The Spreading of Christianity and the introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949) Christian churches and traditional Chinese architecture Author: Shan HUANG (Architect) Director: Antonio LOPERA (Doctor, Arquitecto) 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 20 . Presidente: Vocal: Vocal: Vocal: Secretario: Suplente: Suplente: Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 20 en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Calificación:………………………………. El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO Index Index Abstract Resumen Introduction General Background........................................................................................... 1 A) Definition of the Concepts ................................................................ 3 B) Research Background........................................................................ 4 C) Significance and Objects of the Study .......................................... 6 D) Research Methodology ...................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chinese traditional architecture 1.1 The concept of traditional Chinese architecture ......................... 13 1.2 Main characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture .... 14 1.2.1 Wood was used as the main construction materials ........ 14 1.2.2
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of James Gilmour Kathleen L
    The Legacy of James Gilmour Kathleen L. Lodwick ongolia and thename of JamesCilmourwill foreverbe could read, adding that if the mission were to be successful, the M linked in the minds of many people because of his Bible needed to be translated into Buriat (a related language), books Among the Mongols and More About the Mongols, which are which the Mongols could understand. He also wrote that he anthropological observations of Mongolian society as he ob­ needed "pictures,especiallyin color." Mostly,however,he needed served it in the latter half of the nineteenth century. In 1883 one colleagues, without whom "it is little short of nonsense to speak reviewer of Among the Mongols wrote that it reminded him of of reopening the Mongolia Mission." The mission was also much Robinson Crusoe-yet Gilmour's was a true story, reflecting his more costly than the board had anticipated, as their appropria­ long years in Mongolia with the London Missionary Society tion was sufficient for him to make only one four-week trip per (LMS). year. Gilmour added that he had paid for his 1870-71 travels out James Gilmour was born on February 12, 1843, in Cathkin, of his own funds but did not know how long he could continue near Glasgow, Scotland. While studying at Highgate in London to do SO.5 in 1867 he applied to the LMS and was appointed to reopen the Awaiting instructions from the LM5-which never came­ Mongolian Mission, pioneered by Edward Stallybrass and Wil­ Gilmour spent the summer of 1872 in Peking studying written liamSwanand their wivesfrom 1817 to 1841.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Protestant Missionaries in China
    DIRECTORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES IN CHINA , JAPAN AND COREA FOR THE YEAR 1905 THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS OFFICE DES VEUX ROAD , HONGKONG , AND 131, FLEET STREET , LONDON , E.C. MDCCCCV PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES IN CHINA ALLGEMEINER EVANGELISCH PRO- , Miss H. M. Austin TESTANTISCHER MISSIONSVEREIN Miss C. M. Huntoon ( GENERAL PROTESTANT MISSION KIATING VIA CHUNGKING OF GERMANY ) Rev. W , F. Beaman and wife TSINGTAU Rev. F. J. Bradshaw and wife Rev. R. Wilhelm and wife Rev. H. J. Openshaw and wife Rev. B , Blumhardt SUIFU VIA CHUNGKING E. Dipper , M.D. C. E. Tompkins, M.D. , and wife Rev. C. A. Salquist and wife AMERICAN ADVENT CHRISTIAN Rev. R. Wellwood and wife MISSION YACHOW VIA CHUNGKING NANKING Rev. Briton Corlies , M.D. Rev. G. Howard Malone and wife (absent ) SWATOW Miss Margaret E. Burke Rev. Wm . Ashmore , D.D. , and wife (absent ) Miss Nellie E , Dow Rev. S. B. Partridge, D.D. , and wife Miss T. M. Quimby Rev. Wm . Ashmore, Jun . M.A. and wife WUHU Rev. J. M. Foster , D.D., and wife (absent ) Rev. Z. Charles Beals and wife Rev. G. H. Waters and wife Miss B. Cassidy Rev. R. T. Capen Robert E. Worley , M.D. , and wife AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSIONARY Miss H. L. Hyde UNION Miss M. Sollman HANYANG VIA HANKOW Miss Margaret Grant , M.D. Rev. J. S. Adams and wife Miss M. F. Weld Rev. G. A. Huntley , M.D. , and wife KIAYING VIA SWATOW Rev. Sidney G. Adams Rev. G. E. Whitman and wife Rev. A. S. Adams and wife Rev. J. H. Griffin and wife Miss Annie L.
    [Show full text]
  • Candler, Warren A. (Warren Akin), 1857-1941
    CANDLER, WARREN A. (WARREN AKIN), 1857-1941. Warren A. Candler papers, 1846-1977 Emory University Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library Atlanta, GA 30322 404-727-6887 [email protected] Descriptive Summary Creator: Candler, Warren A. (Warren Akin), 1857-1941. Title: Warren A. Candler papers, 1846-1977 Call Number: Manuscript Collection No. 2 Extent: 38.25 linear ft. (80 boxes), 2 bound volumes (BV), 1 oversized bound volumes (OBV), and 1 oversized papers box (OP) Abstract: Papers of Methodist clergyman and bishop, editor, and educator Warren Aiken Candler. Language: Materials entirely in English. Administrative Information Restrictions on Access Unrestricted Access Terms Governing Use and Reproduction All requests subject to limitations noted in departmental policies on reproduction. Source Gift, 1942, with subsequent additions. Citation [after identification of item(s)], Warren A. Candler papers, Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University. Processing Processed by Harriet E. Amos, July 1977; Revision by Virginia J. H. Cain, Processing Archivist, March 1989 This finding aid may include language that is offensive or harmful. Please refer to the Rose Library's harmful language statement for more information about why such language may appear and ongoing efforts to remediate racist, ableist, sexist, homophobic, euphemistic and other Emory Libraries provides copies of its finding aids for use only in research and private study. Copies supplied may not be copied for others or otherwise distributed without prior consent of the holding repository. Warren A. Candler papers, 1846-1977 Manuscript Collection No. 2 oppressive language. If you are concerned about language used in this finding aid, please contact us at [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhist Print Culture in Early Republican China Gregory Adam Scott Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of
    Conversion by the Book: Buddhist Print Culture in Early Republican China Gregory Adam Scott Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Gregory Adam Scott All Rights Reserved This work may be used under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. For more information about that license, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. For other uses, please contact the author. ABSTRACT Conversion by the Book: Buddhist Print Culture in Early Republican China 經典佛化: 民國初期佛教出版文化 Gregory Adam Scott 史瑞戈 In this dissertation I argue that print culture acted as a catalyst for change among Buddhists in modern China. Through examining major publication institutions, publishing projects, and their managers and contributors from the late nineteenth century to the 1920s, I show that the expansion of the scope and variety of printed works, as well as new the social structures surrounding publishing, substantially impacted the activity of Chinese Buddhists. In doing so I hope to contribute to ongoing discussions of the ‘revival’ of Chinese Buddhism in the modern period, and demonstrate that publishing, propelled by new print technologies and new forms of social organization, was a key field of interaction and communication for religious actors during this era, one that helped make possible the introduction and adoption of new forms of religious thought and practice. 本論文的論點是出版文化在近代中國佛教人物之中,扮演了變化觸媒的角色. 通過研究從十 九世紀末到二十世紀二十年代的主要的出版機構, 種類, 及其主辦人物與提供貢獻者, 論文 說明佛教印刷的多元化 以及範圍的大量擴展, 再加上跟出版有關的社會結構, 對中國佛教 人物的活動都發生了顯著的影響. 此研究顯示在被新印刷技術與新形式的社會結構的推進 下的出版事業, 為該時代的宗教人物展開一種新的相互連結與構通的場域, 因而使新的宗教 思想與實踐的引入成為可能. 此論文試圖對現行關於近代中國佛教的所謂'復興'的討論提出 貢獻. Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables iii Acknowledgements v Abbreviations and Conventions ix Works Cited by Abbreviation x Maps of Principle Locations xi Introduction Print Culture and Religion in Modern China 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Englischer Diplomat, Commissioner Chinese Maritime Customs Biographie 1901 James Acheson Ist Konsul Des Englischen Konsulats in Qiongzhou
    Report Title - p. 1 of 266 Report Title Acheson, James (um 1901) : Englischer Diplomat, Commissioner Chinese Maritime Customs Biographie 1901 James Acheson ist Konsul des englischen Konsulats in Qiongzhou. [Qing1] Adam, James Robertson (Dundee, Schottland 1863-1915 Anshun, Guizhou vom Blitz erschlagen) : Protestantischer Missionar China Inland Mission Biographie 1887 James Robertson Adam wird Missionar der China Inland Mission in China. [Prot2] Addis, John Mansfield = Addis, John Mansfield Sir (1914-1983) : Englischer Diplomat Biographie 1947-1950 John Mansfield Addis ist Erster Sekretär der britischen Botschaft in Nanjing. [SOAS] 1950-1954 John Mansfield Addis ist im Foreign Office der britischen Botschaft in Beijing tätig. [ODNB] 1954-1957 John Mansfield Addis ist Generalkonsul der britischen Botschaft in Beijing. [SOAS] 1970-1974 John Mansfield Addis ist Botschafter der britischen Regierung in Beijing. [SOAS] 1975 John Mansfield Addis wird Senior Research Fellow in Contemporary Chinese Studies am Wolfson College, Oxford. [SOAS] Adeney, David Howard (Bedford, Bedfordshire 1911-1994) : Englischer protestantischer Missionar China Inland Mission Biographie 1934 Ruth Adeney lernt Chinesisch an der Sprachenschule der China Inland Mission in Yangzhou (Jiangsu) ; David Howard Adeney in Anqing (Anhui). [BGC] 1934-1938 David Howard Adeney ist als Missionar in Henan tätig. [BGC] 1938 Heirat von David Howard Adeney und Ruth Adeney in Henan. [BGC] 1938-1941 David Howard Adeney und Ruth Adeney sind als Missionare in Fangcheng (Henan) tätig. [BGC] 1941-1945 David Howard Adeney und Ruth Adeney halten sich in Amerika auf. [BGC] 1946-1950 David Howard Adeney und Ruth Adeney sind für das Chinese Inter-Varisty Fellowship für Universitäts-Studenten in Nanjing und Shanghai tätig. [BGC] 1950-1956 David Howard Adeney und Ruth Adeney halten sich in Amerika auf.
    [Show full text]